What is the purpose?

What is the purpose?

• What is it that you SHOULD learn from a government course?

• WHY?

• On a scale of 1-10, how much would you say you know about government already?

Focus questions 1-1 ( p. 5)ALWAYS write questions and answers in spiral (back side of page).

• What are the four main purposes of government?

• How do various theories explain the origin of government?

• What were the major intellectual, philosophical, political, and religious traditions that influenced the American founders?


• What are the similarities and differences between a unitary government and a federal government system?

• What are the main purposes of a constitution?• The US Constitution is the oldest written

constitution still in use. What does this imply about the stability of other world governments? Why?


• What are the main characteristics of a democracy?

• How does a representative democracy provide a good government for diverse peoples?

• Describe autocracy, monarchy, and oligarchy.

• What is a republic? How does this term pertain to our government?

FOUNDATIONS OF US GOVERNMENT

AP Focus questions 1-1ALWAYS write questions and answers in spiral (back side of page).

• Compare/contrast public and private goods.

• Describe the balance between majority rule vs. minority rights.


Focus questions Ch2 ( pp. 35-58)ALWAYS write questions and answers in spiral (back side of page).

• What events of the early American colonial experience led colonists to believe they would have representative government?

• Which factors caused the British to allow the colonists to operate with little interference between 1607 and 1763?

• Compare and contrast the Articles of Confederation with the Constitution.

• What was the Connecticut Compromise?

AP focus questions 2-3 ALWAYS write questions and answers in spiral (back side of page).

• What events of the early American colonial experience led colonists to believe they would have representative government?

• Which factors caused the British to allow the colonists to operate with little interference between 1607 and 1763?

• Compare and contrast the Articles of Confederation with the Constitution.

• What was the Connecticut Compromise?


• What are the four main purposes of government?

• How do various theories explain the origin of government?


AP Focus questions 1-2(Chapter 1 Sections 2-3).

• What are the similarities and differences between a unitary government and a federal government system?

• What does the term ‘politics’ mean? How would you describe politics in America?

• Describe or diagram the policymaking system.

• Why is free enterprise conducive to the growth of a democracy?

PRINCIPLES OF GOVERNMENT

•What is anarchy?

•Is anarchy really cool?

Pick a side:

• Which do you feel BEST describes the overall development of world governments?– Force Theory– Evolution Theory

What are we actually going to learn?

• Constitution

• Founding

• Theory– American Exceptionalism

• Current events/politics

What are the essentials of getting through all of this?

• BE HERE. The road to graduation goes through this course!!!!

• Be prepared.

• Have an electronic device that is internet-ready…we use them.

• Always have your interactive notebook and pens/pencils.


• Government: institution through which society makes and enforces public policy


• Public policies: all those things a government decides to do

• Examples: wage war, income tax, subsidize Miss USA

THE STATE

• The state: group of people, defined territory, organized politically-some form of gvt

• 4 characteristics: population, territory, sovereignty, government

THE STATE

• Sovereignty: supreme and absolute power within state

• Where it is located determines type of gvt

• Examples

ORIGINS OF THE STATE

• Force Theory: person or group claimed control over area, forced all to submit

• When 4 basic characteristics met, state emerges


• Evolutionary Theory: state developed naturally out of family

• Network of relatives-clan

• Family-smallest political unit


• Divine Right Theory: God or gods create state and ruler or ruling class, family, etc.


• Social Contract Theory, Thomas Hobbes: state of nature “nasty, brutish, and short”

• People want safety

Social Contract Theory

• To be safer, you must give up freedom

• To be more free, you must give up safety


• Social Contract: society gives up some freedom to be safe

• State arose out of voluntary act of free people


• People are the sole source of power

• John Locke, Jean Jacques Rousseau, Thomas Jefferson

Too Late to Apologize: A Declaration

PURPOSE OF GVT

• Preamble to Constitution• More Perfect Union• Establish Justice• Insure Domestic Tranquility• Provide for Common Defense

PURPOSE OF GVT

• Promote the General Welfare

• Secure the Blessings of Liberty

FORMS OF GVT

•Classified in 3 ways

1. Who may Participate

• Democracy: people hold the power

• Autocracy: One person holds power-king, dictator

• Oligarchy: small group holds power-Communist China

2. Where Power is Held

• Unitary Gvt: Single, central agency holds power

• Federal Gvt: Power divided central and local gvt

• Confederation: alliance independent states

3. Relationship Between Executive and Legislative

• Presidential Gvt: divides power between executive and legislative

• Parliamentary Gvt: Legislative Br supreme, chooses executive branch

PRESIDENTIAL GVT

PARLIAMENTARY GVT

FILM CLIP

STOP

Concepts of Democracy


• 1. Each person has value

• 2. All are created equal

• 3. Majority rule, minority rights


• 4. Compromise competing interests

• 5. Individual must have as much freedom as possible


• Democracy- seen in economic system

• Free Enterprise System: the people make the choices through supply and demand

POLITICAL BEGINNINGS

• Us Gvt based on concepts of English Gvt

• English colonists lived as English citizens, expected rights of full citizenship

Focus questions 2-1(Chapter 2 Sections 1-3).

• Describe the English Bill of Rights and how it influenced our founding documents.

• What is the separation of powers and why is it important?

• Compare/contrast the Articles of Confederation with the Constitution.

ENGLISH CONCEPTS OF GVT

• Ordered Gvt: orderly regulation of gvt to make society function

• Limited Gvt: no one is above law; individual rights

ENGLISH CONCEPTS OF GVT

• Representative Gvt: gvt should serve the will of the people

ENGLISH GVT EVOLVES

• Magna Carta, 1215: King (John) does not have total power; right of trial by jury; due process

King John

ENGLISH GVT EVOLVES

• Petition of Right, 1628: No use of military in peacetime; citizens not forced to quarter soldiers; trial by jury, due process

English Don’t Like Taxes! Charles I

ENGLISH GVT EVOLVES

• English Bill of Rights, 1689: No army in peacetime, fair and speedy trial, parliamentary elections free

ENGLISH COLONIES

• Based on charter (grant of authority from king)

• Local gvt due to distance to England

• Most had bicameral legislatures (two houses)

INDEPENDENCE

INDEPENDENCE

• All colonies came under royal control

• Distance across Atlantic prevented tight control of colonies

INDEPENDENCE

• British gvt handled colonial defense, foreign affairs, system of money and credit, common market for colonial trade

INDEPENDENCE

• Colonists administered local matters

• Colonial legislature’s powers grew in time

• De facto federal system develops

AMERICANS REVOLT

• George III takes throne 1760

• Parliament in control; hard economic time due to Seven Years War (French and Indian War)

AMERICANS REVOLT

• During war, colonists fear raids by French and Indians

• Franklin, Albany Plan of Union, 1754: congress of delegates to coordinate colonies

AMERICANS REVOLT

• Albany Plan of Union: delegates would raise military/naval forces, make war and peace with Indians, regulate trade, tax, collect duties

BENJAMIN FRANKLIN

Albany Plan of Union

STOP

INDEPENDENCE

AMERICANS REVOLT

• Colonist militias volunteer to help Britain in war

• Reason: in return, colonists want land in Ohio River Valley

AMERICANS REVOLT

• Parliament wants colonists to pay war debt

• Reason: Britain fought to protect colonists’ land

AMERICANS REVOLT

• Parliament votes series of taxes on colonists

• Colonists NOT represented in Parliament

• Violates English political tradition

AMERICANS REVOLT

• Colonists protest taxes with motto “No Taxation Without Representation”

• Boycott of items taxed under Stamp Act

AMERICANS REVOLT

• Townshend Acts, Intolerable Acts: More taxes, punitive measures, boycotts

• Fall 1774, 1st Continental Congress, Philadelphia

Boston Tea Party

Independence Hall

AMERICANS REVOLT

• 19 Apr 1775: British set out to capture American militia weapons, ammo outside Boston at Concord, MA

• Met by Minutemen @ Lexington Common

AMERICANS REVOLT

• Q: What triggered the revolt?

• A: Protest against taxes (1) levied against colonists will (2) without any representation in Parliament

AMERICANS REVOLT

• Colonists insist upon representation in lawmaking, taxing government

• Insistence of rights as Englishmen written into US gvt

AMERICANS REVOLT

• 2nd Continental Congress, 1775-1781

• Olive Branch Petition rejected

AMERICANS REVOLT

• Richard H. Lee, June 1776: proposed independence

• Franklin, Adams, Sherman, Livingston, Jefferson, appointed to write Declaration

AMERICANS REVOLT

• Declaration of Independence: creed of new nation

• Based upon Locke; logic justifies overthrow of gvt

• Ideology basis for Constitution

ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION

• 1781-1789: 13 independent states, loosely bound under confederation

• Articles of Confederation-1st constitution


• Confederation Congress: 1 vote per state

• States only could tax

• No court system; No independent executive


• Amend Articles only with unanimous vote; 9/13 to pass laws

• Failures: states feuded; debts mounted; economy failing


• Successes: Northwest Ordinance, experiment in freedom

• 1787: leaders decide to meet in Philadelphia, revise Articles

STOP

Focus questions Ch 2-4 ( p. 53)ALWAYS write questions and answers in spiral (back side of page).

• How did the Connecticut Compromise settle the most divisive issue among members of the Constitutional Convention?

• What were the key arguments presented by the Federalists and Anti-Federalists?

• Who insisted on having a bill or rights in the Constitution and why?

CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION


• Led by Alexander Hamilton-NY, James Madison, VA

• Gen Washington president of convention

• Madison kept records, penned Constitution


• 55 Delegates: Founding Fathers or Framers- wealthy, educated, young, professional

• Large states vs small states


• Virginia Plan (Large State Plan): 3 branches, bicameral Congress, representation based on population



• New Jersey Plan (Small State Plan): Weaker central gvt, unicameral Congress, equal number of representatives per state


• Connecticut Compromise: 3 branches, bicameral Congress

• House of Representatives: by population/Senate: 2 per state


• Representation in Congress: Three-Fifths Compromise

• 5 slaves count as three for Congress


• Commerce and Slave Trade Compromise: (1) No taxing exports (2) No acting against slave trade for 20 years

• Final draft complete Sept 1787

RATIFICATION

• Federalists-For Constitution

• Anti-Federalists- objected to increased central gvt powers and loss of state powers, lack of bill of rights

RATIFICATION

• 9 states needed for ratification• NY, Mass wanted Bill of

Rights• 1789-Constitution becomes

effective

RATIFICATION

• George Washington elected 1st Pres, 1st capital New York City

PRES G. WASHINGTON

REVIEW

• POLITICAL BEGINNINGS IN ENGLAND

• INDEPENDENCE

• ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION

REVIEW

• CREATING THE CONSTITUTION

• RATIFYING THE CONSTITUTION

Documents

What is the purpose?