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What is Science?What is Science?
Science is a way of Science is a way of learning about the learning about the
natural worldnatural world
Scientific InquiryScientific Inquiry
A way that scientists A way that scientists study the natural study the natural worldworld
Inquiry means to Inquiry means to questionquestion
Inquiry is used Inquiry is used everyday by people everyday by people studying plants and studying plants and animalsanimals, , by by physicians and by physicians and by many othersmany others
Scientific MethodScientific MethodPosing questionsPosing questionsMaking observations and inferencesMaking observations and inferencesDeveloping hypothesesDeveloping hypothesesDesigning experimentsDesigning experimentsMaking measurementsMaking measurementsCollecting dataCollecting dataDrawing conclusionsDrawing conclusionsCommunicatingCommunicating
Posing QuestionsPosing QuestionsScientific inquiry begins with a Scientific inquiry begins with a
questionquestionDoes fertilizer make plants Does fertilizer make plants
grow larger?grow larger?How does a person get sick?How does a person get sick?How far away are the stars?How far away are the stars?
ObservationObservationInvolves using Involves using
one or more of one or more of your senses-your senses-sight, hearing, sight, hearing, touch, smell, and touch, smell, and sometimes taste-sometimes taste-to gather to gather information and information and collect datacollect data
DataDataData are the Data are the
facts, figures facts, figures and other and other information information gathered gathered through through observationobservation
InferenceInferenceAn interpretation of an An interpretation of an
observation that is based on observation that is based on evidence or prior knowledgeevidence or prior knowledge
To figure something out based To figure something out based on what you already knowon what you already know
HypothesisHypothesisA possible explanation for a A possible explanation for a
set of observations or an set of observations or an answer to a scientific questionanswer to a scientific question
An educated guessAn educated guessWhat you think is going to What you think is going to
happen in an experimenthappen in an experiment
VariablesVariablesFactors that can change in an experimentFactors that can change in an experimentManipulated variable- Manipulated variable- the factor in an the factor in an
experiment that you change on purpose, experiment that you change on purpose, (sometimes called the independent (sometimes called the independent variable)variable)
Responding variable- Responding variable- thethe factor that factor that changes because of the manipulated changes because of the manipulated variable (sometimes called the dependent variable (sometimes called the dependent variable)variable)
Controlled ExperimentControlled ExperimentAn experiment An experiment
in which all of in which all of the variables the variables except for one except for one remain the remain the samesame
Making Making MeasurementsMeasurements
In science we use the Metric In science we use the Metric system also known as the SI or system also known as the SI or International System of UnitsInternational System of Units
Grams-weightGrams-weightMeters-lengthMeters-lengthLiters-volume (liquids)Liters-volume (liquids)
Interpreting DataInterpreting DataMeans arranging Means arranging
data that you have data that you have collected in an collected in an experiment in an experiment in an organized wayorganized way
Tables, graphs and Tables, graphs and charts help charts help organize dataorganize data
Drawing Drawing ConclusionsConclusions
Means summing up what you learned from Means summing up what you learned from the investigationthe investigation
You need to decide whether or not the You need to decide whether or not the data support your original hypothesisdata support your original hypothesis
Evidence can either support a hypothesis Evidence can either support a hypothesis or prove it to be falseor prove it to be false
Conclusions often lead to new question, Conclusions often lead to new question, which lead to new experimentswhich lead to new experiments
CommunicationCommunication Passing on the results Passing on the results
of your experiment to of your experiment to others through writing others through writing and speakingand speaking
Writing articles, giving Writing articles, giving a presentation, and a presentation, and by using the internetby using the internet
Scientific TheoriesScientific TheoriesA well tested concept that A well tested concept that
explains a wide range of explains a wide range of observationsobservations
An idea that is supported by An idea that is supported by repeated experimentsrepeated experiments
Laboratory SafetyLaboratory SafetyMeans following your teachers instructions Means following your teachers instructions
and making sure you understand all and making sure you understand all laboratory procedures before you beginlaboratory procedures before you begin
Show courtesy to your teacher and Show courtesy to your teacher and classmatesclassmates
Wearing proper lab safety equipmentWearing proper lab safety equipmentBeing careful with lab materialBeing careful with lab materialKeeping your work area clean and neatKeeping your work area clean and neat
DisposalDisposalSpecial disposal Special disposal procedures need procedures need to be followed.to be followed.
Do not dispose of Do not dispose of these materials in these materials in the sink or trash the sink or trash cancan
Dispose of wastes Dispose of wastes as directed by as directed by your teacher.your teacher.
BiologicalBiologicalOrganisms or other Organisms or other biological materials biological materials that might be harmful that might be harmful to humans or the to humans or the environment.environment.
Avoid skin contact Avoid skin contact with these materials. with these materials. Wear mask or Wear mask or gloves.gloves.
Notify your teacher if Notify your teacher if you suspect contact you suspect contact with material. Wash with material. Wash hands thoroughly.hands thoroughly.
Extreme Extreme TemperatureTemperature
Objects that can Objects that can burn skin by burn skin by being too cold or being too cold or too hot.too hot.
Use proper Use proper protection when protection when handling.handling.
Go to your Go to your teacher for first teacher for first aid.aid.
Sharp Sharp ObjectObject
Use of tools or Use of tools or glassware that can glassware that can easily puncture or slice easily puncture or slice skin.skin.
E.g. Razor blades, pins, E.g. Razor blades, pins, scalpels, pointed tools, scalpels, pointed tools, dissecting probes, dissecting probes, broken glass.broken glass.
Practice common sense Practice common sense behavior and follow behavior and follow guidelines for use of the guidelines for use of the tool.tool.
Go to your teacher for Go to your teacher for first aidfirst aid..
Branches of Life Branches of Life ScienceScience
PhysicianPhysicianEmergency Emergency
Medical Medical TechnicianTechnician
VeterinarianVeterinarianPhysical Physical
TherapistTherapist
BotanistBotanistMarine BiologistMarine BiologistPark RangerPark Ranger