What is Instructional Design

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What is Instructional Design

Makarand Pandit


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What we plan to do today

Definitions Roles of an Instructional Designer Human memory Model Noted Contributors to ID Principles from Cognitive, Behavioral and

Motivational Theories


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What is training?

Imparting knowledge and developing skills through – Instructions– Experimentation– Experiences


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Quality of training depends on

Trainer Trainee Instructions Experimentation Experiences

Media


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Traditional Training Approach

Trainees

Trainer


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New Training Approach

Resources

Trainee

Trainer

Reference Material

Audio

Video

Interactions

Job Aids

Group Exercises / Drills

Quiz

Simulations


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Instructional Design - Definition 1 “Instructional Design is a systematic

approach to the production of instructional units or courseware for specific user groups. Instructional design is a process whereby the student interacts with the course materials and behaviour change occurs” - Maggs, et al


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Instructional Design - Definition 2 “A self correcting systems approach that

seeks to apply scientifically derived principles to the planning, design, creation, implementation, and evaluation of effective and efficient instruction.” - Shrock


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Instructional Design - Definition 3 “Instructional Design simply defined

means using a systematic process to understand a human performance problem, figuring out what to do about it and then doing something about it.” - McArdle


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What else?

The field is variously called:– Instructional Development– Instructional Technology– Instructional Design– Educational Technology– ...


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Roles of Instructional Designer

Student Coordinator (ID Development) Critic Guide Not Subject Matter Expert


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Interesting Example

Instructional Designer is the Architect of the training material

ID lays down the design to be followed by others


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A Good Instructional Designer has

Training Skills Writing Skills Interpersonal Skills Visualizing Skills Logical Linking Ability Student’s Approach Experience (must)!


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When did your learning start?

From the birth… and it will continue for ever

So learning theories try to analyze Children’s Development


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Model of Human Memory System

Sensory Register

Working (Short Term)

Memory

Long Term

Memory

Input

Input

InputAttention

Lost Lost Lost

Meaningful Learning, Rehearsal


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Personal Learning Styles

Converger (Theorist) Diverger (Pragmatist) Assimilator (Reflector) Accomodator (Activist)


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Converger (Theorist)

Habits: Solution Oriented Person Problem Solver Decision Maker Responds to Problems and Questions Wants to be intellectually stretched

Preferred Learning Modes: Structured Learning Relationship Building


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Diverger (Pragmatist)

Habits: Generates wide range of ideas Views situations from different points of view Tendency is more towards observing than taking action

Preferred Learning Modes: Discussions, Brainstorming Demonstrations Action Planning


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Assimilator (Reflector)

Habits: Absorbs considerable information Synthesizes information into concise form Interested in abstract ideas and concepts Emphasizes theory that is logically sound than practically

sound

Preferred Learning Modes: Journals, Case Studies Individual Problem Solving Self-paced & Self-directed Learning


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Accomodator (Activist)

Habits: Does not prefer Logical Analysis Gathers information from people more than technical

analysis Intuitive and Trial & Error Learner Likes variety, action and challenge, presentations

Preferred Learning Modes: Role Plays, Simulations, Games Adventure Learning


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Guidelines for Instructional Designer Use a combination of Instructor and Self Learning Develop courses for all types of learners Choose personal learning style if possible Evaluate quality of training based on personal learning

styles considered Have room for leaner to respond Provide variety of learning strategies For Technical Courses use more of Reflective Exercises Design instructions to meet performance or task

requirements


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Guidelines for Instructional Designer Avoid designs on basis on occupational sub-grouping Do not over-use your own personal learning style Do not ignore personal dislikes arising from extreme

preferences of personal learning style


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ID Theories

Cognitive Theories Bahavioural Theories Motivational Theories


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Contributors

Gagne Skinner Vyagotsky Piagiet Bruner Merill Bloom Mager


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CBT Structure

Objectives Topic Hint Example Steps Practice Questions Summary


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WBT Structure

Series Course Lesson Levels of learning (Affective) Topic Levels of learning (Cognitive) Instructional Mode (Overview, Explain, Show, Practice, Summary) Instructional Strategy (Expository, Exploratory, Build, Dialogue, Questions and answers, Case study) Template


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Summary

Definitions Roles of an Instructional Designer Noted Contributors to ID Implications of Learning Styles in Training

Design Principles from Cognitive, Behavioural and

Motivational Theories


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Reference Books Computer Based Instruction: Methods and Development

Allessi, S.M. & Trollip, S.R. Designing and Writing Online Documentation Horton,

William Instructional Design - A systems approach Maggs, Alex, et al Instructional Technology, Past, Present and Future Anglin,

Gary G. (Ed.) Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching, Roblyer,

M.D., et al The Systematic Design of Instruction Dick, Walter and Carey,

Lou

Documents

What is Instructional Design