What do you hope to learn or accomplish as you continue through this pathway?

Directional terms/ body Directional terms/ body planes review……..planes review……..

1. Anatomical Position

2. Posterior3. Anterior4. Lateral5. Medial6. Superior7. Inferior8. Proximal9. Distal

10. Adduction11. Abduction12. Deep13. Superficial14. Supine /supination15. Prone / pronation16. Sagittal plane17. Frontal/Coronal plane18. Transverse plane19. Dorsal20. Ventral

A deeper look at A & A deeper look at A & P…P… can you believe can you believe it???it???What is

significant about the skeletal system?

What do we know? (types)

BonesBonesBirth 350+, Adult

206Skeleton is divided

into 2 major parts◦Axial: skull, vertebral

column, sternum, & ribs

◦Appendicular: upper / lower extremeties, & girdles

Axial:Skull houses the brain

◦2 main features: Cranium (A) Face (B)

The skull contains 22 bones! (of which, many are pairs)

The face contains 14 of those bones

There is one bone not attached directly to the other bones of the skull, the mandible (C)

Skull and upper torso are supported by the vertebral column (G)

Contains 31 bones along the dorsal aspect which connect to the thoracic cage (rib cage)

The ventral aspect contains a 3 part cone, the sternum (E1) and 12 ribs (E2) connecting the sternum to the vertebral column

Appendicular Skeleton…..Appendicular Skeleton…..Upper extremity is composed of pectoral

girdle and arm bonesPectoral girdle (D) contains 2 bones

◦Collar bone or clavicle (D1) at anterior aspect◦Triangular flat bone, the scapula (D2)

(posterior)Articulating with pectoral girdle is upper

arm bone, humerus (F1)Articulating with the humerus are the

radius (F2) and the ulna (F3)Wrist bones are carpals (F4), hand bones

are metacarpals (F5), finger bones are phalanges (F6)

A little more south…….A little more south…….Lower portion of body - contains pelvic girdle (H) composed

of ilium, ischium, pubes/pubis. Articulating with pelvic girdle is the

lower extremity.- Consists of thigh bone, femur (i1),

knee cap, patella (i2), two lower leg bones- tibia (i3) and fibula (i4)

Ankle contains the tarsals (i5), foot bones are metatarsals (i6), and toes are phalanges (i7)

Bones of the Skull…Bones of the Skull…Cranial Bones:Frontal: (1) Forehead bone; and most of

upper part of eye socketsParietal: (2) Form bulging topsides of

craniumTemporal: (2) Form lower sides of cranium

and contains middle & inner ear structuresOccipital: (1) Forms back and base of

skull; spinal cord enters cranium through hole (foramen magnum) in occipital bone

Sphenoid: (1) Forms central part of cranium floor; pituitary gland located in small depression

Ethmoid: (1) Complicated bone that helps form cranium floor, side walls and roof of nose and septum; part of orbit

Face Bones…..Face Bones…..Nasal: (2) Small; form upper bridge of noseMaxilla: (2) Upper jawbones; roof of mouth,

floor and side walls of nose, floor of orbit; large cavity is maxillary sinus

Zygomatic: (2) Cheek bones; helps form orbitMandible: (1) Lower jawbone; articulates with

temporal bone at condyloid process; small anterior hole for nerves/vessels is mental foramen

Lacrimal: (2) Small; helps form medial wall of eye socket and side wall of nasal cavity

Palatine: (2) Form back part of roof of mouth; floor, side walls of nose; part of floor of orbit

Face Bones continued…..and Face Bones continued…..and EARSEARSInferior concha: (2) Form curved “ledge” along

inside of side wall of nose, below middle conchaVomer: (1) Forms lower, back part of nasal

septum

EAR BONESMalleus: (2) Malleus, incus, & stapes are tiny

bones in middle ear cavity in temporal bone; malleus means ‘hammer’-shape of bone

Incus: (2) Incus means ‘anvil’-shape of boneStapes: (2) Stapes means ‘stirrup’-shape of

bone

What types?What types? (Review) (Review)

Classifications are based upon the bone function such as support, protection, or movement as well as by their shape.

1. Flat bones: (J) thin and flat, used as protective devices (skull, pelvis, scapula, ribs)

2. Irregular: (K) Unique to one area such as vertebra. Possess many extensions for muscle attachment

3. Sesamoid: (L) small and usually embedded in tendons, used to protect integrity of tendons (patella)

4. Long: (M) used for movement; (ex. Femur acts as attachment for muscles which cause bones to move)

5. Short: (N) similar dimensions but an irregular shape. Found in wrists/ankles as carpals/tarsals. They unite with many other bones in area and provide a variety of movements at that point

Fact or Fiction??? What Fact or Fiction??? What do you know about the do you know about the

human body?human body?Split up into 4 teams (groups of 6 or 7)- Each team will be read a statement

- Decide whether or not the statement is true or false

1 point per correct answer-Most points wins!!!