What are the levels of organization What are the levels of organization in the human body?in the human body?

Respiratory SystemRespiratory System

Function:Function: Breathing brings air into the lungs and Breathing brings air into the lungs and

removes waste gasesremoves waste gases Cellular respiration converts oxygen and Cellular respiration converts oxygen and

glucose to carbon dioxide, water and energyglucose to carbon dioxide, water and energy

Diseases of respiratory systemDiseases of respiratory system

Lung Cancer -3rd Lung Cancer -3rd leading cause of death leading cause of death in men and women in in men and women in the U.S.the U.S.

Emphysema ( causes Emphysema ( causes aveoli to enlarge)aveoli to enlarge)

Asthma (lung Asthma (lung disorder)disorder)

The Nervous SystemThe Nervous System

Receives information about what is Receives information about what is happening inside and outside your bodyhappening inside and outside your body

Directs the way that your body responds to Directs the way that your body responds to this informationthis information

Helps maintain homeostasisHelps maintain homeostasis Has 2 divisions that work together:Has 2 divisions that work together:

– Central nervous systemCentral nervous system– Peripheral nervous systemPeripheral nervous system

Central Nervous SystemCentral Nervous System Control center of the bodyControl center of the body The brain is part of the central The brain is part of the central

nervous system that controls nervous system that controls most functions in the body.most functions in the body.

The spinal cord is the thick The spinal cord is the thick column of nerves that links the column of nerves that links the brain to most of the nerves in brain to most of the nerves in the body.the body.

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/images/ency/fullsize/19588.jpg

Peripheral Nervous SystemPeripheral Nervous System

Consists of nerves that branch out from the Consists of nerves that branch out from the central nervous system and connect it to the central nervous system and connect it to the rest of your body.rest of your body.

43 pairs of nerves in peripheral nervous 43 pairs of nerves in peripheral nervous systemsystem– One nerve in each pair goes to the left side of One nerve in each pair goes to the left side of

the body and the other nerve goes to the right the body and the other nerve goes to the right side. Start at the spinal chord. side. Start at the spinal chord.

Organs of the circulatory Organs of the circulatory systemsystem

HeartHeart VeinsVeins ArteriesArteries CapillariesCapillaries

HeartHeart

Made of cardiac muscle Made of cardiac muscle tissuetissue

Has 4 compartments Has 4 compartments called chambers: two called chambers: two upper are atriums, two upper are atriums, two lower are ventricles.lower are ventricles.

Heart has arteries just Heart has arteries just and veins just like any and veins just like any other muscleother muscle

VeinsVeins

Veins carry Veins carry blood back to blood back to the heart.the heart.

Veins have Veins have valvesvalves

ArteriesArteries

Carry blood away Carry blood away from your heartfrom your heart

Have thick, Have thick, elastic walls elastic walls made of tissue made of tissue and smooth and smooth musclemuscle

CapillariesCapillaries

Microscopic blood Microscopic blood vessels.vessels.

Walls are only one Walls are only one cell thickcell thick

Nutrients and Nutrients and oxygen diffuse oxygen diffuse from body cells from body cells into capillariesinto capillaries

BloodBlood Carries oxygen from Carries oxygen from

lungs to bodylungs to body Takes carbon dioxide Takes carbon dioxide

awayaway Carries waste products Carries waste products

to kidneysto kidneys Transports nutrientsTransports nutrients Red blood cells: Red blood cells:

transport oxygentransport oxygen White: help fight White: help fight

bacteria, viruses, etcbacteria, viruses, etc

Excretory SystemExcretory System

Gets rid of waste from Gets rid of waste from the bodythe body

Kidneys filter toxins Kidneys filter toxins from the bloodfrom the blood

Digestive SystemDigestive System Esophagus connects mouth Esophagus connects mouth

to stomachto stomach Stomach contains acid to Stomach contains acid to

break down food even morebreak down food even more The small intestine is where The small intestine is where

nutrients from food are nutrients from food are absorbed into the blood.absorbed into the blood.

Large intestines removes Large intestines removes not absorbed food and wastenot absorbed food and waste

Skeletal SystemSkeletal System

Provides shape and support Provides shape and support for the bodyfor the body

Protect organs and soft Protect organs and soft tissuestissues

Cartilage is located at the end Cartilage is located at the end of bones to cushion of bones to cushion movementmovement

Bones are connected by jointsBones are connected by joints

Muscular SystemMuscular System

Helps move the bodyHelps move the body

Voluntary muscles: Voluntary muscles: you choose to move you choose to move them. them.

Involuntary: Contract Involuntary: Contract on their own, ex: hearton their own, ex: heart

MusclesMuscles 3 types3 types

Skeletal: attached to bones to help you moveSkeletal: attached to bones to help you move

Cardiac: heart, pushes blood through the bodyCardiac: heart, pushes blood through the body

Smooth: intestines, bladder, blood vessels, internal Smooth: intestines, bladder, blood vessels, internal organs. These contract involuntairaly. organs. These contract involuntairaly.

Endocrine SystemEndocrine System Endocrine system Endocrine system

produces hormones which produces hormones which are that control many of are that control many of the body’s daily activities the body’s daily activities as well as long term as well as long term changes such as growth changes such as growth and developmentand development

Metabolism is affected by Metabolism is affected by hormones, aging and hormones, aging and exercise. exercise.

Reproductive SystemReproductive System

Sexual reproduction Sexual reproduction involves the production of involves the production of eggs by the female and eggs by the female and sperm by the male, which sperm by the male, which join together during join together during fertilization.fertilization.

Each sex cell (egg or Each sex cell (egg or sperm) contains half (23) sperm) contains half (23) of the chromosomes of the chromosomes required. (46 for humans)required. (46 for humans)