WHAM Elections Blocks

8/14/2019 WHAM Elections Blocks

1/42

SDI 2008 1WHAM! File Title

Elections 2NC Blocks

Elections 2NC Blocks.................................................................................................................................................1

Elections 2NC Blocks .....................................................................................................................1

***Uniqueness***......................................................................................................................................................4

***Uniqueness*** ..........................................................................................................................4

2NC Uniqueness Wall AT: McCain Win.................................................................................................................5

2NC Uniqueness Wall AT: McCain Win ..................................................................................5

2NC Uniqueness Wall AT: McCain Win.................................................................................................................6

2NC Uniqueness Wall AT: McCain Win ..................................................................................6

2NC AT: McCain Win (AT: Clinton Supporters)......................................................................................................7

2NC AT: McCain Win (AT: Clinton Supporters) ......................................................................7

2NC AT: McCain Win (AT: Independents)...............................................................................................................8

2NC AT: McCain Win (AT: Independents) ................................................................................8

2NC AT: McCain Win (AT: Latinos).........................................................................................................................9

2NC AT: McCain Win (AT: Latinos) ..........................................................................................9

2NC AT: McCain Win (AT: Obama Flip-Flop On Iraq)......................................................................................... .10

2NC AT: McCain Win (AT: Obama Flip-Flop On Iraq) ........................................................10

2NC AT: McCain Win (AT: McCain Electorals Montpoli).....................................................................................11

2NC AT: McCain Win (AT: McCain Electorals Montpoli) ....................................................11

Obama Will Win........................................................................................................................................................12

Obama Will Win ..........................................................................................................................12

***Link***...............................................................................................................................................................13

***Link*** ...................................................................................................................................13

2NC Link Wall US-China Coop.............................................................................................................................14

2NC Link Wall US-China Coop ...............................................................................................14

2NC Link Wall US-China Coop AT: Money......................................................................................................15

2NC Link Wall US-China Coop AT: Money .......................................................................15

2NC Link Wall RPS...............................................................................................................................................16

2NC Link Wall RPS ..................................................................................................................162NC Link Wall RPS AT: Plan Controversial..................................................................................................... .17

2NC Link Wall RPS AT: Plan Controversial ......................................................................17

2NC Link Wall RPS AT: GOP Backlash............................................................................................................18

2NC Link Wall RPS AT: GOP Backlash .............................................................................18

2NC Link Wall RPS AT: Dems Oppose.............................................................................................................19

2NC Link Wall RPS AT: Dems Oppose ..............................................................................19


2/42


2NC Link Wall RPS AT: Flip-Flop....................................................................................................... ...... ...... .20

2NC Link Wall RPS AT: Flip-Flop ......................................................................................20

2NC Link Wall Feebates........................................................................................................................................21

2NC Link Wall Feebates ...........................................................................................................21

2NC Link Wall Feebates AT: Perceived As Tax.................................................................................................22

2NC Link Wall Feebates AT: Perceived As Tax ..................................................................22

2NC Link Wall Cellulosic Ethanol.........................................................................................................................23

2NC Link Wall Cellulosic Ethanol ..........................................................................................23

2NC Link Wall Tradeable Permits.........................................................................................................................24

2NC Link Wall Tradeable Permits ..........................................................................................24

2NC Link Wall Tradeable Permits.........................................................................................................................25

2NC Link Wall Tradeable Permits ..........................................................................................25

2NC Link Wall Tradeable Permits AT: Energy Prices Link Turn............................................................... ...... .26

2NC Link Wall Tradeable Permits AT: Energy Prices Link Turn ...................................26

2NC Link Wall Nuke Power..................................................................................................................................27

2NC Link Wall Nuke Power .....................................................................................................27

2NC Link Wall Nuke Power AT: Yucca/Waste Link Turn.................................................................................28

2NC Link Wall Nuke Power AT: Yucca/Waste Link Turn ................................................28

2NC AT: GOP Base Link Turn ............................................................................................................................. ..29

2NC AT: GOP Base Link Turn .................................................................................................29

2NC AT: GOP Base Link Turn............................................................................................................................... ..30

2NC AT: GOP Base Link Turn ...................................................................................................30

2NC AT: Environment Not Key To Elections..........................................................................................................31

2NC AT: Environment Not Key To Elections ...........................................................................31

2NC AT: Economy Key To Elections.......................................................................................................................32

2NC AT: Economy Key To Elections .........................................................................................32

2NC AT: McCain Is Not Coattailed To Bush ................................................................................................... ...... .33

2NC AT: McCain Is Not Coattailed To Bush ...........................................................................33

***Impact***............................................................................................................................................................34

***Impact*** ...............................................................................................................................34

2NC AT: LOST Impact Takeouts.................................................................................................................... .........35

2NC AT: LOST Impact Takeouts ..............................................................................................35

2NC AT: LOST Kills Economy/Power Projection...................................................................................................36

2NC AT: LOST Kills Economy/Power Projection ...................................................................36

2NC AT: LOST Empirically False.................................................................................................................. .........37

2NC AT: LOST Empirically False .............................................................................................37


3/42


2NC AT: LOST Bad Sovereignty..........................................................................................................................38

2NC AT: LOST Bad Sovereignty ............................................................................................38

2NC AT: No Overpopulation Solvency....................................................................................................................39

2NC AT: No Overpopulation Solvency ......................................................................................39

2NC AT: McCain Wont Strike Iran.........................................................................................................................40

2NC AT: McCain Wont Strike Iran .........................................................................................40

2NC AT: McCain Wont Strike Iran.........................................................................................................................41

2NC AT: McCain Wont Strike Iran .........................................................................................41

2NC Impact Overview GGR..................................................................................................................................42

2NC Impact Overview GGR ....................................................................................................42


4/42


***Uniqueness***


5/42


2NC Uniqueness Wall AT: McCain Win

Group the 2AC numbers ____ on the uniqueness debate:

( ) Extend 1NC Cillizza 2008 evidenceObama is winning because of independents in key

battleground states. Our evidence says these are the critical states in the election andMcCain is facing an uphill climb.

( ) Obama will win because of the Economy

Faucher 6/28/08[Augustine, director of macroeconomics at Moody's Economy.com in West Chester, Pa, Boston Globe,http://www.boston.com/bostonglobe/editorial_opinion/oped/articles/2008/06/28/economy_bodes_ill_wind_for_mccain/]

HISTORICALLY, ECONOMIC conditions have played an enormous role in presidential elections , evenas other factors come into play. Economic downturns are bad news for the incumbent, while expansionstend to lead to reelection. Franklin D. Roosevelt unseated Herbert Hoover in the depth of the GreatDepression in 1932. Boom times helped reelect Ronald Reagan in 1984 and Bill Clinton in 1996. For all themoney and time and effort that go into campaigning, the results of presidential elections often seem to

track basic economic conditions. My employer, Moody's Economy.com, has developed a model topredict the outcome of the vote in each state, based on economic conditions at the time of the election.

The results forecast the Electoral College vote. And as of June, the model is predicting a big victory forthe Democrat, Senator Barack Obama.

( ) Electoral indicators

Montopoli 6/25/08 [BRIAN political correspondent, CBS NEWShttp://www.cbsnews.com/blogs/2008/06/25/politics/horserace/entry4207063.shtml]

Does Barack Obama already have the presidency locked up? For Democrats, it might be tempting to

think so. A Los Angeles Times/Bloomberg poll out yesterday shows Obama with a 12 point edge anadvantage that stretches to 15 points when Ralph Nader and Bob Barr are included. The poll also suggeststhat more voters are identifying as Democrats than Republicans, and that John McCain is suffering

from a passion gap while just 58 percent of conservatives said they would vote for McCain, 79

percent of liberals vowed to vote for Obama. In addition, almost every metric in the race favors the

Democratic candidate among them the candidates fundraising ability, trends in party identification,

and disenchantment with the current (Republican) president. McCain seems to realize that he faces anuphill battle: At a fundraiser yesterday, the presumptive GOP nominee said, We are behind, we are theunderdog. Thats what I like to be.
http://economy.com/http://economy.com/


6/42


2NC Uniqueness Wall AT: McCain Win

( ) Obama is currently ahead in the electoral votes

Eric BlackInk, 7/18. Electoral College snapshot II,http://www.minnpost.com/ericblack/2008/07/18/2616/electoral_college_snapshot_ii

Based on state-by-state polls, Barack Obama continues to occupy a dominant position on the ElectoralCollege map far more dominant, in fact, than is reflected in national popular vote polls , where hislead has recently fluctuated between zero and 9 percentage points with a Real Clear Politics average of 4.1percentage points as of Thursday night. In the Electoral College, by contrast, Real Clear Politics scoresthe current standings two ways: 255 electoral votes for Obama; 163 for John McCain with 120 in states tooclose to call or, if RCP forces each state into redness or blueness however small the polling lead, it comes out 309-229 in favor ofObama. I've been watching another electoral college map site maintained by Andrew S. Tanenbaum, a professor of computer sciencewho writes under the handle of Votemaster and who updates his map every day based on the latest polling. Unlike Real Clear Politics,which averages several polls, Votemaster awards each state to whichever candidate is ahead in the most recent poll. I can picturearguments for both methods and will try to monitor both maps to get the benefit of each. As of Thursday night, Votemaster says

Obama leads in states with a total of 320 electoral votes compared with 204 for McCain and two states

worth 14 EV that are exactly tied in the most recent poll. But one thing I like about Votemaster's map is that he hasmore categories to indicate the size of Obama or McCain's lead in each state. Votemaster says Obama is ahead solidly (10 points ormore) in 16 states (plus the District of Columbia) worth 211 EV; ahead "weakly" (5-9 points) in five states worth 35 EV and "barely"ahead (less than 5 points) in five states worth 74 EV. McCain has solid control of 11 states (77 EV), weak control of eight states (116)and is barely ahead three states (11). Two states, North Dakota and Missouri, worth 14 EV, were exactly tied in the most recent polls

considered by Votemaster.

( ) Latino and Women Vote and Solid Base

Hogarth 7/1/08 [Paul, staff writer, Beyond Chron: San Franciscos Alternative Online Dailyhttp://www.beyondchron.org/news/index.php?itemid=5826]

But anyone who closely follows the election online knows that Obama has solidified the Democratic

Party base and is on a clear path to winning the presidency in November. After Hillary Clinton suspended herprimary campaign and endorsed Obama, pundits wrote (and still write) stories about disgruntled Hillary supporters who will vote forJohn McCain in the November election. Women are not supposed to vote for Obama because, according to Geraldine Ferraro, hes run aterribly sexist campaign. Latinos are supposedly too racist to vote for a black candidate and pundits say a sizable number will vote

Republican (ignoring the partys xenophobic jihad on immigration policy.) But the facts are getting into the way of that theory. A

recent poll shows Latinos breaking 62-28 for Obama over McCain, with other polls showing similar

results. When you consider that Bush got 40% of the Latino vote in 2004, its obvious that Latinos aredeserting the G.O.P. in droves. Along with labors unprecedented get-out-the-vote effort to target that

community in November, Obama is likely to pick up either Colorado, New Mexico or Nevada and

possibly all three states. And McCain has more to worry about Republican women deserting him than vice versa . Not only

have Democratic women united behind Obama, but polling shows McCains anti-choice record (once

women hear about it) is going to be a huge liability. I'm sure there are female Hillary Clinton voters who will go for JohnMcCain in the general election, said Katha Pollitt in The Nation, but I don't think too many of them will be feminists. Because to vote

for McCain, a feminist would have to be insane. Obama will win the general because he has a solidified lead in allthe states John Kerry won in 2004 even swing states likeMichigan, Wisconsin and Pennsylvania.

While the blue states wont be enough to win the Presidency, it prevents Obama from having to play

defense giving him 252 electoral votes in the bag and shifting the battle into traditionally Republican

states.

( ) Independent candidates leach votes from McCain

CTV.ca, online newspaper news staff, 7-16-2008, Obama leads McCain in new election poll, NM,http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20080716/us_poll_080716/20080716?hub=Politics

A new poll suggests Barack Obama has a seven-point lead over John McCain in the race to the White House,but nearly 10 per cent of voters have yet to make up their minds. The Zogby poll, released Wednesday,also suggests independent candidate Ralph Nader and Libertarian candidate Bob Barr would draw votesaway from McCain, thereby extending Obama's lead even further. When respondents were asked whothey would vote for if only given the choice between Obama, McCain and "someone else," most saidthey would support the Democratic candidate: * Obama: 47 per cent * McCain: 40.3 per cent *Other: 2.9 per cent * Undecided: 9.8 per cent
http://www.beyondchron.org/news/index.php?itemid=5826http://www.dailykos.com/storyonly/2008/6/18/1102/27911/591/537420http://www.dailykos.com/storyonly/2008/6/18/1102/27911/591/537420http://www.dailykos.com/storyonly/2008/6/17/11351/0830/975/537036http://www.dailykos.com/storyonly/2008/6/17/11351/0830/975/537036http://www.thenation.com/doc/20080707/pollitthttp://www.thenation.com/doc/20080707/pollitthttp://www.thenation.com/doc/20080707/pollitthttp://www.pollster.com/08-MI-Pres-GE-MvO.phphttp://www.pollster.com/08-MI-Pres-GE-MvO.phphttp://www.pollster.com/08-MI-Pres-GE-MvO.phphttp://www.pollster.com/08-WI-Pres-GE-MvO.phphttp://www.pollster.com/08-WI-Pres-GE-MvO.phphttp://www.pollster.com/08-PA-Pres-GE-MvO.phphttp://www.pollster.com/08-PA-Pres-GE-MvO.phphttp://www.beyondchron.org/news/index.php?itemid=5826http://www.dailykos.com/storyonly/2008/6/18/1102/27911/591/537420http://www.dailykos.com/storyonly/2008/6/17/11351/0830/975/537036http://www.thenation.com/doc/20080707/pollitthttp://www.pollster.com/08-MI-Pres-GE-MvO.phphttp://www.pollster.com/08-WI-Pres-GE-MvO.phphttp://www.pollster.com/08-PA-Pres-GE-MvO.php


7/42


2NC AT: McCain Win (AT: Clinton Supporters)

( ) Obama will win Clinton supporters approveprefer our evidence because it

postdates theirs which is important because voters change their minds daily

San Francisco Chronicle. 7/16/8. Poll: Obama winning over Clinton backers in state.

http://www.dailynews.com/news/ci_9903025. AP.California Democrats and independent voters who backed Sen. Hillary Rodham Clinton have gravitatedin huge numbers to Sen. BarackObama - a consolidation of support that has given him a 24-point leadover Republican rival John McCain in the nation's most populous state, the latest Field Poll shows. Thepoll shows that Clinton's supporters prefer Obama to McCain, 80 percent to 8 percent , and the Illinoissenator holds a 2-to-1 lead among California's likely female voters. However, the poll carries a margin oferror of 5.1 percentage points for its questions to 376 likely Democratic and nonpartisan voters asked aboutObama's running mate. That margin is far larger than the 3 percent error margin considered optimum for suchpolling.

( ) Former Clinton supporters especially women will vote for the democrat, Obama, not

McCain, the Republican; thats the Hogart 7/1 card.


8/42


2NC AT: McCain Win (AT: Independents)

Prefer the 1NC Cillizza 8 evidence because it talks about the 4 swing states that are key to

Obamas victory and the independents that their evidence talks about may be spread all

over the country which gives McCain no advantage.


9/42


2NC AT: McCain Win (AT: Latinos)

Latinos will definitely vote for Obama, thats Hogart 7/1 because of his favorable labor

policies.


10/42


2NC AT: McCain Win (AT: Obama Flip-Flop On Iraq)

( ) McCain has flip-flopped many times-immigration, detention centers, and financial

reforms

Joan Vennochi, Boston Globe reporter, 6/22/2008, Boston Globe, Obama and McCain flip-flop, flip-flop,

http://www.boston.com/news/nation/articles/2008/06/22/obama_and_mccain___flip_flop_flip_flop/, ABAs a presidential candidate, McCain now opposes his own immigration plan. He backs the Bush tax cutshe once opposed with contempt. While McCain presents himself as a maverick feared by lobbyists and

special interests, his campaign has many ties to both and includes staffers who were once lobbyists.

Last week, the Republican called for lifting the moratorium on offshore drilling, a dramatic contrast with hisstrong support for upholding the moratorium during his 2000 bid for the Republican nomination. A formerprisoner of war, who suffered torture in Vietnam, McCain has called for the US detention center inGuantanamo Bay to be closed and for torture to be banned. Last week, he criticized the US Supreme

Court for "one of the worst decisions in the history of this country" after the court ruled that detainees

should be allowed to challenge their detentions in US courts. McCain has also been trying to distancehimself even further from an earlier comment that it "would be fine with me" if the US military stayed in Iraq"for a hundred years," a remark he qualified at the time with the condition that Americans were not beinginjured or killed. Meanwhile, McCain is blasting Obama for opting out of public financing. But as MediaMatters for America reports, McCain is being asked by federal elections officials to show that he did notuse the promise of public money to obtain a $4 million loan to kickstart his once faltering presidential

campaign. Doing so would be disingenuous from a candidate who is routinely described as a champion

of campaign finance reform.

( ) the card doesnt actually say that Obama will lose, it says it will give McCain an

opportunity to insult him


11/42


2NC AT: McCain Win (AT: McCain Electorals Montpoli)

( ) Prefer our evidenceour Montopoli card is from 08 so it postdates which matters

because the political environment changes over two years

( ) Prefer our evidenceThere is no way that early polls could have been conclusive in 06

( ) This is a straw person argument-the same article also talks about how Obama is

winning and will win the electionthe entire argument is a washthrow this out and

prefer the rest of our Uniqueness evidence


12/42


Obama Will Win

Obama is currently ahead in the electoral votes even though the popular vote does not

indicate it.

ERIC BLACKINK. 7/18. Electoral College snapshot II.

http://www.minnpost.com/ericblack/2008/07/18/2616/electoral_college_snapshot_ii AP.Based on state-by-state polls, Barack Obama continues to occupy a dominant position on the ElectoralCollege map far more dominant, in fact, than is reflected in national popular vote polls , where hislead has recently fluctuated between zero and 9 percentage points with a Real Clear Politics average of 4.1percentage points as of Thursday night. In the Electoral College, by contrast, Real Clear Politics scoresthe current standings two ways: 255 electoral votes for Obama; 163 for John McCain with 120 in statestoo close to call or, if RCP forces each state into redness or blueness however small the polling lead, it comesout 309-229 in favor of Obama. I've been watching another electoral college map site maintained byAndrew S. Tanenbaum, a professor of computer science who writes under the handle of Votemaster and whoupdates his map every day based on the latest polling. Unlike Real Clear Politics, which averages severalpolls, Votemaster awards each state to whichever candidate is ahead in the most recent poll. I can picturearguments for both methods and will try to monitor both maps to get the benefit of each. As of Thursdaynight, Votemaster says Obama leads in states with a total of 320 electoral votes compared with 204 forMcCain and two states worth 14 EV that are exactly tied in the most recent poll. But one thing I like

about Votemaster's map is that he has more categories to indicate the size of Obama or McCain's lead in eachstate. Votemaster says Obama is ahead solidly (10 points or more) in 16 states (plus the District ofColumbia) worth 211 EV; ahead "weakly" (5-9 points) in five states worth 35 EV and "barely" ahead (lessthan 5 points) in five states worth 74 EV. McCain has solid control of 11 states (77 EV), weak control ofeight states (116) and is barely ahead three states (11). Two states, North Dakota and Missouri, worth 14 EV,were exactly tied in the most recent polls considered by Votemaster.

Obama will win Clinton supporters approve

San Francisco Chronicle. 07/16. Poll: Obama winning over Clinton backers in state.http://www.dailynews.com/news/ci_9903025. AP.

California Democrats and independent voters who backed Sen. Hillary Rodham Clinton havegravitated in huge numbers to Sen. Barack Obama - a consolidation of support that has given him a24-point lead over Republican rival John McCain in the nation's most populous state, the latest Field Pollshows. The poll shows that Clinton's supporters prefer Obama to McCain, 80 percent to 8 percent , andthe Illinois senator holds a 2-to-1 lead among California's likely female voters. However, the poll carries amargin of error of 5.1 percentage points for its questions to 376 likely Democratic and nonpartisan votersasked about Obama's running mate. That margin is far larger than the 3 percent error margin consideredoptimum for such polling.


13/42


***Link***


14/42


15/42


2NC Link Wall US-China Coop AT: Money

( ) Their Coiler 7 card is terrible it talks about taxpayers' reaction to sending direct

money to China. The aff gives incentives to US companies to work in China. If anything,

voters would perceive us giving money to ourselves for globalization. Thus, this card is

irrelevant.

( ) Their Coiler 7 doesnt say anything about voters changing their votes due to spending

money.

( ) (Read Unpopular Generic answers)


16/42


2NC Link Wall RPS

Extend 1NC Link Our Young 6/24 evidence says that energy policies will be popular

because A) it is tied in to both the economy and the environment both issues the voters

care about and B) a majority of voters think its the top issue priority because of ending oil

dependence

Alternate energy is massively popular with public new polls prove

Marshall E. Purnell President, American Institute of Architects, CQ Testimony, 6/11/08The American public believes the time is now to reduce energy usage and reduce the impacts of climate change.The Tarrance Group and Lake Research Partners recently conducted a nationwide poll of voters and found that74 percent of those polled agreed that "the government should take the lead in promoting real estatedevelopment that conserves our natural resources." In addition, 71 percent of voters agreed that "thegovernment should immediately put into effect new energy policies that drastically reduce greenhouse gasemissions." The Americanpublic supports conserving our precious resources, and believes that it is in the bestinterests of our nation and the world to reduce our reliance on fossil fuel produced energy and move towards asustainable future. Reducing energy use in our nation's homes would be a major step towards that goal.

( ) Doesnt matter what congress thinks about the plan, the voters like it

FERSHEE, asst prof of law @ University of North Dakota School of Law, 2008 [Joshua P., ChangingResources, Changing Market: The Impact of a National Renewable Portfolio Standard on the U.S. EnergyIndustry, 29 Energy L.J. 49, lexis/ttate]

Public opinion polls, growing support from utilities, and continually increasing state RPSlegislation indicate that support for a renewable energy mandate is stronger than ever. However,opposition remains strong. Rightly or wrongly, the majority of Americans appear ready to take acalculated risk to find out if renewable energy can fulfill its promise. The question remains: IsCongress?

( ) But, even if congress is important we control uniqueness, RPS is now popular.

( ) Unique link turn climate initiatives are uniquly polarizing rps differs - supported by

both sides of the aisle

Manka, 2007, public relations professional[Maria Surma, Congress to Pass Federal Renewable Energy Standard?, Green Options, February 28, 2007,http://mariasurmamanka.greenoptions.com/2007/02/28/congress-to-pass-federal-renewable-energy-standard/,Zhang]The Dow Jones Newswire reports that Congress is likely to pass a renewable energy standard in this instancecalled a renewable portfolio standard (RPS) in the next several months. Renewable energy requirements havestronger support on both sides of the aisle as opposed to the more controversial limits on global warming emissions.Prudential Equity Group analyst James Lucier went so far as to say, An RPS can almost certainly be done this

year It's one of the few things investors can count on in this Congress."
http://mariasurmamanka.greenoptions.com/2007/02/28/congress-to-pass-federal-renewable-energy-standard/http://mariasurmamanka.greenoptions.com/2007/02/28/congress-to-pass-federal-renewable-energy-standard/http://mariasurmamanka.greenoptions.com/2007/02/28/congress-to-pass-federal-renewable-energy-standard/


17/42


2NC Link Wall RPS AT: Plan Controversial

Completely irrelevant doesnt matter what the congress thinks of the plan as long as the

public supports it. Senators dont decide elections.

Their cards indicate a specific time in which there was a fight. This has absolutely noimpact on the upcoming election.

(Read Unpopular Generic)


18/42


2NC Link Wall RPS AT: GOP Backlash

If read Coile, June 18

Their Coile card never once talks about RPS, just a generic policy that the republicans

opposed no risk of a link turn.

GOP senators dont effect the election, voters effect the election.

Barkenbus and Sovacool or Garret 07

Their evidence is terrible doesnt talk about voter perception, just legislators.



19/42


2NC Link Wall RPS AT: Dems Oppose

Their Jenkins 07 is TERRIBLE. It does not say Dems oppose, it says Dems have dropped

the issue. This is a complete straw-person argument if anything them dropping the issue

is a sign that the Democrats actually do support RPS because of the tone of the card.



20/42


2NC Link Wall RPS AT: Flip-Flop

They need to read a card saying a flip-flop in one policy is going to influence the voters.

Voters are going to be excited about ending oil dependency, they will not focus on changing

their vote due to a flip flop on one issue thats 1NC Young 6/24/08



21/42


2NC Link Wall Feebates




dependence


Marshall E. Purnell President, American Institute of Architects, CQ Testimony, 6/11/08The American public believes the time is now to reduce energy usage and reduce the impacts of climate change.The Tarrance Group and Lake Research Partners recently conducted a nationwide poll of voters and found that74 percent of those polled agreed that "the government should take the lead in promoting real estatedevelopment that conserves our natural resources." In addition, 71 percent of voters agreed that "thegovernment should immediately put into effect new energy policies that drastically reduce greenhouse gasemissions." The Americanpublic supports conserving our precious resources, and believes that it is in the bestinterests of our nation and the world to reduce our reliance on fossil fuel produced energy and move towards asustainable future. Reducing energy use in our nation's homes would be a major step towards that goal.

Plan is net popular Congress supports combining tax credits with mandates Popularwith the public view as job creation and relief from oil

Podesta et. al 05. (John, Chief of Staff under President Clinton and Visiting Prof of Law at Georgetown U,Taking Action on Oil Savings, Center for American Progress, September 13,http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/2005/09/b1033079.html)

In the face of record-breaking oil company profits, progressives can offer decisive action and visionary leadership to provide immediate relief to working Americans, reduce long-term structural demand for oil, create realtransportation choice, and retool the auto industry for jobs in the markets of the future. Public opinion is with us.Voters are looking for real answers and concrete action to break our dependence on oil.

Plan is revenue neutral popular with public

Bernow 02. (Steve, founder and VP of the Tellus Institute which researched energy and the environment, PhDand former prof @ Rutgers U, Program Design Features for Feebate Initiative: Survey of Existing FeebatePrograms, November 25,http://righg.raabassociates.org/Articles/Tellus_FeebateMemo_Nov25.doc.)

Revenue neutrality can be quite important in determining public opinion about a feebate. Anything other thanneutrality could be perceived negatively as yet another rise in taxes. Yet, in tough economic times state legislaturesare often interested in fresh sources of revenue. (In at least one recent case feebate legislation was deemed notsuccessful because it was revenue-neutral during a period when the state was actively looking for revenue-enhancingmeasures1.) If a part of the revenues can be diverted to worthy programs (such as public outreach efforts to increaseenvironmental awareness), the effect of a feebate can be further enhanced. In any case, it is hard to keep a feebatescheme completely revenue-neutral from year to year without adjusting the rate structure constantly to take intoaccount the composition of the new vehicle fleet, and some amount of the revenue must necessarily be used foradministrative costs.
http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/2005/09/b1033079.htmlhttp://righg.raabassociates.org/Articles/Tellus_FeebateMemo_Nov25.dochttp://righg.raabassociates.org/Articles/Tellus_FeebateMemo_Nov25.dochttp://righg.raabassociates.org/Articles/Tellus_FeebateMemo_Nov25.doc#footnote1http://righg.raabassociates.org/Articles/Tellus_FeebateMemo_Nov25.doc#footnote1http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/2005/09/b1033079.htmlhttp://righg.raabassociates.org/Articles/Tellus_FeebateMemo_Nov25.dochttp://righg.raabassociates.org/Articles/Tellus_FeebateMemo_Nov25.doc#footnote1


22/42


2NC Link Wall Feebates AT: Perceived As Tax

Their Barnow 2 card is terrible it says it might be perceived as a tax, but it never once

says that the people will oppose it

The plan is revenue-neutral so it wont be perceived as a tax

Bernow 02. (Steve, founder and VP of the Tellus Institute which researched energy and the environment, PhDand former prof @ Rutgers U, Program Design Features for Feebate Initiative: Survey of Existing FeebatePrograms, November 25,http://righg.raabassociates.org/Articles/Tellus_FeebateMemo_Nov25.doc.)

Revenue neutrality can be quite important in determining public opinion about a feebate. Anything other thanneutrality could be perceived negatively as yet another rise in taxes. Yet, in tough economic times state legislaturesare often interested in fresh sources of revenue. (In at least one recent case feebate legislation was deemed notsuccessful because it was revenue-neutral during a period when the state was actively looking for revenue-enhancingmeasures1.) If a part of the revenues can be diverted to worthy programs (such as public outreach efforts to increaseenvironmental awareness), the effect of a feebate can be further enhanced. In any case, it is hard to keep a feebatescheme completely revenue-neutral from year to year without adjusting the rate structure constantly to take intoaccount the composition of the new vehicle fleet, and some amount of the revenue must necessarily be used for

administrative costs.
http://righg.raabassociates.org/Articles/Tellus_FeebateMemo_Nov25.dochttp://righg.raabassociates.org/Articles/Tellus_FeebateMemo_Nov25.dochttp://righg.raabassociates.org/Articles/Tellus_FeebateMemo_Nov25.doc#footnote1http://righg.raabassociates.org/Articles/Tellus_FeebateMemo_Nov25.doc#footnote1http://righg.raabassociates.org/Articles/Tellus_FeebateMemo_Nov25.dochttp://righg.raabassociates.org/Articles/Tellus_FeebateMemo_Nov25.doc#footnote1


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2NC Link Wall Cellulosic Ethanol




dependence


Marshall E. Purnell President, American Institute of Architects, CQ Testimony, 6/11/08The American public believes the time is now to reduce energy usage and reduce the impacts of climate change.The Tarrance Group and Lake Research Partners recently conducted a nationwide poll of voters and found that74 percent of those polled agreed that "the government should take the lead in promoting real estate development that conserves our natural

resources." In addition, 71 percent of voters agreed that "the government should immediately put into effect newenergy policies that drastically reduce greenhouse gas emissions. " The American public supports conserving ourprecious resources, and believes that it is in the best interests of our nation and the world to reduce our relianceon fossil fuel produced energy and move towards a sustainable future. Reducing energy use in our nation's homes would be a majorstep towards that goal.

Cellulosic Ethanol is popular with the publicBusiness Wire 7 BIO Calls for Federal Investment in Ethanol from Cellulose, Lexis

The Biotechnology Industry Organization (BIO) today urged the Senate Energy and Natural ResourcesCommittee to commit to significantly reducing the cost of ethanol from celluloseby helping fundresearch and incentivesfor commercialization. "We are going to miss a big opportunity to bring biofuels to the pump within thenext few years if we do not fund the necessary research into applied fundamentals, at both laboratory and commercial-scale facilities," said

Brent Erickson, executive vice president of BIO's Industrial & Environmental Section. "There is great public support fordoing more to make biofuels a realistic replacement for gasoline in the near future," Ericksoncontinued. According to a survey conducted in October by Harris Interactive([R]) on behalf of BIO, four infive U.S. adults (80%) agree that national and state governments are not doing enough to promoteproduction of biofuels - fuels made from agricultural crops or plant matter. Further, 82 percent of adultssay national and state governments should provide financial incentives to biofuels producerstoencourage the production and availability of biofuels. More than two out of three adults (69%) would use American-made biofuels even if

these fuels cost slightly more than conventional gas. The Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee's Biofuels TransportationConference today is examining the research and infrastructure development needed to bring new biofuels to market.

Congressman have realized the negative impacts of Ethanol and will protect their

constituents

Lieberman 4/2/08 Senior Policy Analyst, Energy and Environment, Thomas A. Roe Institute for EconomicPolicy Studies, The Heritage Foundation [Ben, Time for Second Thoughts on the Ethanol Mandate,http://www.heritage.org/Research/energyandenvironment/wm1879.cfm]The anger over high gasoline prices was the main impetus behind the 2005 and 2007 energy bills and their successively higher ethanol mandates .

The public may have mistakenly assumed that ethanol is cheaper than gasoline, but reality is beginning tohit home. When everything is taken into account, including thelower fuel economy from ethanol-blended fuel, the mandateis adding to the cost of drivingwhich is precisely why ethanol had to be mandated in the first place. The AAA calculates that ethanol hasrecently cost 20 to 30 cents per gallon more than regular gasoline.[1] And that does not take into account the heavy taxpayer subsidies, including

a 51-cent-per-gallon tax credit, without which ethanol would be even costlier. Proponents insist that economies of scale will kick in and makeethanol more affordable as the mandated levels are ratcheted up, but there is no sign of that actually happening. The opposite is more likely. For

example, ethanol costs more to transport than gasoline, and the expanding mandates necessitate usage well outside of itsMidwestern home base. Ethanol is also more expensive to use in the summer: It contributes to smog and in severalmarkets can be used only with a costlier base blend that compensates for this shortcoming; but this blend must be used year-round. Over thelonger term, the law requires that corn alternatives like cellulosic ethanol be used as well. Cellulosic ethanolmade from certain grasses, wood,

or crop wasteis currently far more expensive than even corn ethanol. It is only a matter of time before the public realizesthat the mandate is contributing to their pain at the pump. The media are belatedly picking up on this point.Eventually, Members of Congressat least those outside of the 10 or so Midwestern states where much of the corn and ethanol

production is concentratedwill realize that the mandate is a lousy deal for their constituents, and they may wantto do something about it.
http://www.heritage.org/Research/energyandenvironment/wm1879.cfmhttp://www.heritage.org/Research/energyandenvironment/wm1879.cfm


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2NC Link Wall Tradeable Permits




dependence


Marshall E. Purnell President, American Institute of Architects, CQ Testimony, 6/11/08The American public believes the time is now to reduce energy usage and reduce the impacts of climate change.The Tarrance Group and Lake Research Partners recently conducted a nationwide poll of voters and found that74 percent of those polled agreed that "the government should take the lead in promoting real estatedevelopment that conserves our natural resources." In addition, 71 percent of voters agreed that "thegovernment should immediately put into effect new energy policies that drastically reduce greenhouse gasemissions." The American public supports conserving our precious resources, and believes that it is in the bestinterests of our nation and the world to reduce our reliance on fossil fuel produced energy and move towards asustainable future. Reducing energy use in our nation's homes would be a major step towards that goal.

( ) Even if tradable permits are normally unpopular, the inclusion of grandfathering buildpolitical support

Center for Clean Air Policy 99 - ( p.21 of TP Shared Negative Addendum)


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2NC Link Wall Tradeable Permits

( ) Plan will cause McCain to win:

( ) Plan is popular with Evangelicals Nothstine 6/18 (p.6 of TP Shared Negative Addendum)

( ) Evangelicals key to the election theres still time but McCain must rev them up

Dallas Morning News, 7/6/08It's a risky move, though, as religious conservatives have been instrumental to Republican victories for ageneration. Some social conservatives warn that the appeal to moderate swing voters will jeopardizealready lukewarm support from evangelicals."McCain is in grave danger right now of causing a good number of potential supporters to just stay home inresignation," said East Texas evangelist Rick Scarborough.Phil Burress of the Ohio Christian Alliance, who met privately with Mr. McCain a week ago in Cincinnati, said evangelical leadersurged him to pick a social-conservative running mate and to talk more openly about issues they care about, especially abortion and gaymarriage.

"We need something from Senator McCain to help rev up our people," Mr. Burress said. "Our people areflat. They don't seem interested."The McCain campaign says it is committed to making evangelicals part of a winning coalition.

In recent weeks, it has created nine-member Christian-outreach teams in 14 battleground states and arranged the visit with Mr. Graham. It is schedulingprivate meetings with local evangelical leaders, beginning with the session in Ohio.In addition, the campaign has a 1,000-person e-mail list of social conservative and national leaders with influence in local communities.Marlys Popma, who heads the McCain campaign's religious-outreach effort, said that while the Arizona senator is not as openly expressive of his faith asMr. Bush is, his record on abortion, same-sex marriage, home schooling and the appointment of judges is a strong selling point to social conservatives.

"The more they see the good stuff about John McCain and then compare him to Barack Obama, we're notgoing to have a problem getting excitement out of our base," she said.Ms. Popma dismissed Mr. Obama's active appeal to moderate evangelicals, which the Illinois Democrat highlighted last week on a tour touting valuessuch as patriotism, faith and service."Barack Obama can do everything he wants to meet with evangelical leaders. I have to believe that most of that is a shell game," she said. "He can doeverything he wants, but if they don't agree with him on issues, he's going to have a hard time selling himself."Shifting from GOPIn 2004, 62 percent of white evangelicals said they leaned Republican, and almost 80 percent voted for Mr. Bush.But a recent national survey by the Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life indicates a shift away from the GOP. According to the survey, half ofevangelicals now align themselves with Republicans.Given that change, Ms. Simmons said, "we have to do a far better job appealing to independents and Democratic voters while still maintaining that base."Mr. McCain has sought to mend fences damaged in the 2000 presidential campaign, in which he labeled some religious leaders "agents of intolerance."But campaign stumbles have hampered efforts to corral evangelicals. Mr. McCain pursued the endorsement of San Antonio megachurch pastor John

Hagee, only to reject it - and that of influential Ohio pastor Rod Parsley - in a political dustup over remarks they'd made about Catholics and Muslims.One supporter close to Mr. McCain said the Arizona Republican doesn't understand evangelicals the way Mr. Bush did."They know he's not part of them," the supporter said. "It's like he's observing them as if they are Martians."Doug Wead, who headed Christian outreach efforts for former President George Bush in 1988, said the McCain campaign has bungled its rapprochementwith the religious right."Normally, you have to have it done two years in advance," he said. For the elder Mr. Bush's campaign, "we met with all the leadership by 1986. It was inthe bag."

Mr. Wead said the problem is not that evangelicals will flock to Mr. Obama but that they won't work actively forMr. McCain in churches and communities."It's a priceless infrastructure that is built in with volunteers and paid staff," he said. "Some of the TVministries have mailing lists the size of the NRA, and to take them out, to have them unused is just deadlyfor the Republican Party in three areas: voter registration, voter education and voter turnout."Others say there is still time. But they warn that softening the appeal to religiously conservative voters togain moderate support is not a winning strategy."The fact is, McCain's moderates can't beat Obama's adoring groupies," said Deal Hudson, a conservative

Catholic leader and McCain supporter.Voting against ObamaEven Mr. McCain's pitch to evangelicals goes beyond the religious right and to moderates whose faith-based agenda also includes climate change, immigration, AIDS and poverty.That's the group that Mr. Obama was targeting with a faith-based message Tuesday in Ohio, home of a massive voter turnout effort among evangelicalsby the Bush campaign four years ago.McCain advisers believe religious-right voters will come around in November. The campaign's internal polls suggest that the Arizona Republican has a 60

percent margin of support among evangelicals over Mr. Obama. But diminished turnout in the group, particularly in close states,could be fatal to Mr. McCain.


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2NC Link Wall Tradeable Permits AT: Energy Prices Link Turn

Their Nothstine 6/18 card never once gives a warrant to why public would not like the plan,

just that congress doesnt want to raise prices

Prefer our Young 6/24 Link evidence saying that voters will actually perceive alternateenergy as an end to oil dependence and will therefore like it.



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2NC Link Wall Nuke Power




dependence



Global warming concerns have made nuclear power popular.Tribune Business News 08 (9 Jul, Dee DePass, Financial and Political reporter for the Tribune BusinessNews, An enriched opportunity for Alliant: As the appeal of nuclear power grows, Alliant Techsystems is set tobecome a key player, AB, Proquest)

The 'clear' in nuclear power ATK's foray into nuclear energy comes at an opportune time. After accidents atChernobyl and Three Mile Island put nuclear power in the hot seat, the idea of nuclear's carbon-

neutral energy production has found favor again amid worries about global warming.

Environmental activists are pushing nuclear power.

James M. Taylor 7/1/06, WWF Australia Joins Pro-Nuclear Camp o.z.http://www.heartland.org/Article.cfm?artId=19337&CFID=5925006&CFTOKEN=69480619

Greg Bourne, CEO of World Wildlife Fund Australia, appears to have joined a growing list ofprominent environmental activists who support increased use of nuclear power . According to the May 9Australian, Bourne has set out to convince other WWF officials to support increasing the use of nuclearpower. "The outspoken chief of environment group WWF Australia has gone to London to lobby theinternational organization to overturn its anti-nuclear stance," reported the Australian. Changing Position?While Bourne continues to argue Australia has alternative renewable power sources that make new nuclearpower plants in the nation unnecessary, he apparently believes global warming concerns mean an increasein nuclear power production must be considered in the world energy market as a whole.


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2NC Link Wall Nuke Power AT: Yucca/Waste Link Turn

( ) Extend 1NC Link Our Young 6/24 evidence says that energy policies will be popular



dependence.

Waste storage facility wont be built until WAY AFTER the election only the immediate

action will be perceive it is massively popular with public new polls prove


Both parties support dry cask storage

Whitney 08, staff writer, McClatchy Newspapers, Lexis, tk.At a House Science and Technology Committee hearing Wednesday, expansion of nuclear power was viewed asan opportunity. Gone are the days when lawmakers questioned the safety of reactor technology. Even amongthose for whom waste is an issue, there is a high comfort level with storing used fuel in dry casks for decades atthe reactor sites while a more comprehensive solution is studied

Global warming concerns have made nuclear power popular

Tribune Business News 08 (9 Jul, Dee DePass, Financial and Political reporter for the Tribune BusinessNews, An enriched opportunity for Alliant: As the appeal of nuclear power grows, Alliant Techsystems is set tobecome a key player, AB, Proquest)

The 'clear' in nuclear power ATK's foray into nuclear energy comes at an opportune time. After accidents atChernobyl and Three Mile Island put nuclear power in the hot seat, the idea of nuclear's carbon-

neutral energy production has found favor again amid worries about global warming.


29/42


2NC AT: GOP Base Link Turn

( ) Extend the Cillizia 08 evidence - Gop base isnt Key to winning the election But

independents and Environmentalists are for Three Reasons

- Independents are key to winning 4 major swing states McCain cant win without them

- Independents are more dynamic to winning electoral points then presuading largenumbers of apthetic voters

- McCain is Already losing the those swing states

( ) Green wire 07 - Does not function as a link turn because it doesnt say republicans care

either way about the global warming issue, only that republicans lack attention to global

warming and the card doesnt imply this will lead to a lose in the elections

( ) The un-underlined section of the card specifies GOP base against the Carbon Tax not

alternative energy as a whole

( ) Alternative Energy is more Bi-partisan than Larry Craig

The FINANCIAL 17/07/2008 Chambers Energy Institute Announces New Policy Platform with BroadBipartisan Support (DS)http://finchannel.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=16987&Itemid=13

We are long overdue for energy solutions that will keep our nation on track and our economy strong,said Tom Donohue, the U.S. Chambers President and CEO. We are crafting ideas and building supportto help our elected officials move forward in a constructive way. Tom Donohue and General James L.Jones, USMC (Ret.), president and CEO of the Institute for 21st Century Energy, and more than two dozenformer senior executive and legislative branch leaders as well as industry officials urged Americas futurepolitical leadership to expand the nations supply of affordable fuel and power from traditional andalternative sources, bolster energy efficiency, and expand and modernize energy infrastructure. With achallenge as great and urgent as securing our energy future, Americas leaders must come together in supportof a sensible long-term approach that promotes economic growth at home and strengthens our nationalsecurity, said General Jones. How we solve our energy challenges will define who we are as a nation in the

21st century. The bipartisan group of 27 signatories include former secretaries of Energy, State,Defense, Commerce, and Treasury; former members of Congress; and national security experts. Theircollective public service spans over 300 years. The signatories are united in their views that energy is oneof the most significant economic and national security challenges of this century. Our nationsdependence on foreign oil poses unprecedented challenges to our economic prosperity and national security,General Jones said. The solutions to our energy challenges must begin with commonsense energy principlesupon which a comprehensive, coherent energy policy can be based. The pillars encompass efforts toincrease energy supplies, address growing demand, and enable advancements in technology andinfrastructure. The 13 energy principles outlined in the open letter include accelerating energy efficiencyacross all sectors; modernizing and expanding energy infrastructure; transforming the transportation sectorincluding greater use of alternative and renewable fuels; and expanding the use of nuclear power, coal, andrenewable energy as well as new domestic exploration and production of oil and natural gas. The open letteradvocates for reducing the environmental impact of energy use and increasing investments in climate change

research. The pillars call for addressing critical shortages in scientists and engineers through education andtraining programs, incentives, and visa policies. Above all, the open letter shows that this is Americasopportunity to demonstrate leadership in innovation and solve what is a global challenge. In addition tothese pillars, the open letter highlights the need for unprecedented bipartisan political leadership. Bycommitting to the Institutes 13 pillars, policymakers can chart a new course for Americas energy futureby enhancing domestic energy resilience, preserving the environment, and creating new American jobs,

industries, and technologies.


30/42


2NC AT: GOP Base Link Turn

( ) GOP must strengthen credentials on energy and environment to avoid election defeat

National Journal, 10/20/07As was indicated in the story on the energy bill in that same National Journal issue ["Fizzling Out?" p. 48], aGreenbergQuinlan poll for the League of Conservation Voters after the 2006 elections showed huge numbersof independents voting to change the leadership of Congress because they were dissatisfied with GOPleadership on the energy issues that are so critical in the debate over addressing global warming. This dataand a follow-up survey suggest that this tendency will be even more pronounced in the 2008 elections.

( ) Turn - Alternate energy incentives cause GOP win co-opts criticism, steals a key issue

and inaction hurts incumbent party

Staunton, 6/24/08 (Dennis, Irish Times EU Correspondent, lexis)WASHINGTON - With consumers fuming over the high cost of gasoline, Republicans and Democrats each want toprove they alone offer the path to lower pump prices.Republicans argue that drilling in coastal waters, Alaska and the Rocky Mountain West will boost oil supplies.Democrats counter that alternative-energy development will free consumers from fossil-fuel captivity.The problem, energy analysts say, is that neither solution will cut prices right now. Even over the long term, only a

marriage of the two approaches will work.And neither party will agree to a wedding in an election year with the Oval Office at stake."The parties have a lot of incentive not to solve the problem and blame the other side," said Julian Zelizer, political-science professor at Princeton University and author of several books on Congress. "Unhappy voters are the voterspeople think can be swayed."In the last month, Democratic Reps. Mark Udall of Eldorado Springs and Ed Perlmutter of Golden and RepublicanRep. Marilyn Musgrave of Fort Morgan have held news conferences at gas stations.Lawmakers know they must offer fixes, with pollsters for both sides saying voters list fuel costs as a top concern.There are no clear-cut solutions, however.High gas prices have started to prompt less driving, but they're still too low to force rapid change. Oil would need tohit $150 to $200 a barrel and stay there before private investment moves heavily into alternative fuels andtransportation, said John Kilduff, energy analyst at MF Global in New York.Repealing Environmental Protection Agency limits on the sulfur content in diesel fuel would increase fuel supplies,said Philip Verleger, an Aspen-based energy economist. But that's politically difficult.Voters want anything that mightwork .In a Zogby International poll this month asking what government actions people favored to lower fuel costs, 60percent backed encouraging domestic drilling. Almost as many, 59 percent, supported cutting demand by boostingfuel-efficiency standards, and 54 percent endorsed the use of alternative fuels such as ethanol and biodiesel.The survey did not ask people to pick one option over another. Political advisers are coaching Republicans to talkabout more drilling and renewable energy. Democratic strategists suggest giving solutions that include crackingdown on oil speculators and pushing gas alternatives. They also advise blaming President Bush.Playing both ends against middlePresidential candidates are aiming for pleasing the political middle, analysts said."There is a choice that is before folks," said Hari Sevugan, a spokesman in Democrat Barack Obama's presidentialcampaign. "Do we want leadership that's been tied to the folks making money from (high gas prices), or do we wantleadership that's fighting for us on this?"


31/42


2NC AT: Environment Not Key To Elections

( ) Extend Our Young 08 evidence Voters Care not only about the environment because

it decreases our dependency on foreign oil but also because it interconnects to economic

issues, Prefer our evidence which specifically cites that 51% percent of Voters will decide

the next president based of his environmental platform

( ) Extend the Cillizia 08 and their own Perce 08 evidence, Both cards Claim Independents

are Key to winning the critical Swing states of Michigan, Colorado, Wisconsin, and

Minnesota. Even If they win Envrionmental issues are not important to the average voter,

we control the Link debate because Independents will decide the electoral college

( ) Energy independence and fossil fuel emissions are the key election issues

Belli, Managing Editor of E 2008 (Brita, E: the Environmental Magazine Vol. 19, Iss. 2 proquest)And the momentum, fanned in large part by college students, is carrying global warming from the sleeper issue itwas in the 2006 midterm elections to a defining campaign talking point. In May, energy independence and globalwarming trailed only health care as America's most important domestic challenge, according to Democratic pollster

Stan Greenberg. And by last October, the only issue appearing more than global warming in campaign ads was theIraq war.

( ) Energy is THE key voting issue in the election

Financial Times, 6/23 (Andrew Ward, journalist for the Financial Times, Energy Concerns could swing OhioResult, Proquest, pg. 6)

Describing himself as an undecided independent, Mr Daley supports Mr McCain's plan to lift the ban onfresh offshore oil and gas drilling around the US coast. But he also favours Barack Obama's proposal to levya windfall profit tax on oil companies and invest the proceeds in renewable fuels. "We need to exploit all theoil we have but, in the long term, we have to find alternatives," says Mr Daley. Energy has soared towardsthe top of the election agenda as petrol prices have topped $4 a gallon for the first time. Three in four voterssay the issue will be "very important" in determining their vote - outranking taxes, terrorism and the Iraq war- according to a recent poll by the Pew Research Centre. Asked who they trusted most to handle the energy

issue, respondents favoured Mr Obama over Mr McCain by 18 percentage points. "Voters are making thesimple conclusion that if you change the party in the White House, somehow things will get better," saysLarry Sabato, a political scientist at the University of Virginia.

( ) Energy policy is the critical election issue

Morris, 2008 (R. Beschloss, Energy Policy Hinges on Election, Desert Sun)With energy development rapidly becoming the presidential campaign's critical issue, there are severalhappenings bringing the collision between the environmentalist partisans and the "Energy Now" protagoniststo a rapid showdown. Thursday morning, the OPEC chief minister predicted crude oil per barrel to rise to$170 later this summer. He also added that U.S. gasoline could rise to $6 per gallon. The crude oil target is$20 more than what I had predicted at the first of the year, along with $125 per barrel by Memorial Day. TheObama campaign's position to forego drilling, in alignment with the "greens" is sending tremors throughoutCanada. Our neighbors to the north are worried the "climactic change prevention" lobby will convince the

Democratic president, if elected, to issue an executive order to prevent oil derived from tar sands to be cut offfrom further U.S.-bound delivery. This is due to the high level of CO2 and greenhouse gases released by thisall important energy component, making up an increasingly significant part of shipments from Canada, ourNo. 1 energy supplier. I had predicted this a month ago, when Canada demanded a release from the U.S.Defense Department, which had earmarked a substantial segment of the tar sand-derived oil, before shipmentover the border. With Canada providing the single-most source of supply to alleviate the U.S. energyshortage, a halt to such deliveries would prove catastrophic. We are told that the Canadians are alreadycontemplating alternative delivery targets in case Barack Obama is elected. It's becoming increasingly clearerthat the winner of the Nov. 4 presidential election will also determine the nature of America's approach toenergy survival for years to come.


32/42


2NC AT: Economy Key To Elections

( ) Their National Journal 07 evidence says that in the primaries the party candidates

were very similar on energy and climate change, not Obama and McCain. Even if the

candidates were similar, after the plan McCain will be credited when Bush passes the plan

and this will differentiate the two candidates.

( ) Extend our Young 6/24 evidence that say that energy is the key issue with 51% voters

because people want to break their addiction to oil especially now .

Energy policy determines election

Staunton, 6/24 (Dennis, Irish Times EU Correspondent, lexis)BARACK OBAMA and John McCain have clashed over energy policy, accusing one another of pandering to votersas rising fuel prices have become a leading issue in the American election.Nine out of 10 Americans identify energy policy as very or extremely important in deciding their presidential vote inNovember, making it the top election issue, along with the economy.

Environment and energy are key issues determine swing votes

PR Newswire, 11/7/07With everyone paying attention to environmental issues -- even BP and WalMart are in the act -- it's no surprise thatpeople plan to take the planet into consideration when choosing their president. Over 30,000 adults across the USwere recently surveyed in the new Earthsense Eco-Insights Survey that profiles attitudes about global and nationalissues, candidates, green products, eco-friendly companies and purchase intent. Concern about energy prices and theenvironment resonates with more than half of all voters who indicate that it will have an extremely or strong impacton their vote in the upcoming presidential primaries. The issue is particularly salient among Democrats, especiallylikely John Edwards and Bill Richardson voters. More so than most other issues, the environment is politicizedacross party lines. Swing voters place a level of importance on the issue more similar to registered Democrats whosevoting intentions are more firm; the importance of the issue for Republican voters lags by comparison.

Energy is the key issue GOP must address

NPR, 6/24/08GOP Must Address Climate Change Energy policy has been fueling the debate between Barack Obama and JohnMcCain this week. McCain has spent the past two days in California, promoting his proposals for greater energyindependence. He faced protesters and chants of offshore no more today outside a town-hall-style appearance inSanta Barbara. Inside, McCain faced tough questions about his proposal to build more nuclear power plants and hiscall to end the federal moratorium on offshore drilling, a ban he once supported. Recognizing that energy is a keyissue for voters, McCain has enlisted some top supporters to help sell his proposals. One of them is Republicangovernor Tim Pawlenty of Minnesota. He's a national co-chair for McCain's campaign, and he's often mentioned as apossible running mate.


33/42


2NC AT: McCain Is Not Coattailed To Bush

Extend our Farmar 08 evidence that Bushs popularity is the only way for McCain to win

and that McCain cant distance himself from Bush. It warrants that bush is toxic to his

party and that McCain is currently tied hand and feet to Bush

Public opinion believes McCain is tied to Bushs policyTimothy J. Burger, Bloomberg News staff writer. 7/16/08 Obama leads McCain in polls; McCain linked to Bush'spolicies. http://www.rep-am.com/articles/2008/07/16/news/elections/354234.txt

A CBS News/New York Times poll gave Illinois Sen. Obama the lead, 45 percent to McCain's 39 percent,among registered voters. Each has slipped 3 points since last month. The poll said 61 percent linkedMcCain to President George W. Bush's economic policies, and 78 percent linked McCain to Bush's

Iraq policy. It has a sampling error of plus or minus 6 percentage points.

Latino voters prove that McCain is tied to BushMarcela Sanchez, Washington Post staff writer. 7/18/08 Latino Woes Curtail McCain's Wooing;http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/07/17/AR2008071701464.html

For months now, polls have shown that Latinos are favoring Barack Obama over McCain by margins of 2-

1 or better. Latinos, who largely favored Hillary Clinton during the primaries, have apparently had littledifficulty switching loyalties now that Obama has sealed the nomination. McCain is saddled with hisassociation with President Bush, and while that might have been a plus in the past -- Bush's

conservative social agenda attracted Latinos at historic levels in 2004 -- the national economy, and

particularly the state of jobs and housing, will make it hard for McCain to win those Latino votes.

Unemployment, for example, is disproportionately affecting Latinos. According to the Pew Hispanic Center,Hispanic unemployment rose to 6.5 percent in the first quarter of 2008, well above the 4.7 percent rate for allnon-Hispanics.


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***Impact***


35/42


2NC AT: LOST Impact Takeouts

( ) Group 2AC numbers___on the impact debate

( ) Extend 1NC Watkins 7 saying LOST is key to solve for leadership, power projection,

proliferation, terrorism, and economy because it helps the US pursue its most importantforeign policy objectives abroad including regulations of trade and shipping routes.


36/42


2NC AT: LOST Kills Economy/Power Projection

( ) Extend Watkins 7 saying LOST solves economy and power projection

( ) US Ratification Key to Economy eez, continental shelf, telecomm and seabed mining-

prefer our evidence because it is more comparative and points out how the advantagesoutweigh the disadvantages of LOST

Webb, 9/27/07 (Jim, Senator, FNS)Our economic interests are advanced in numerous ways, including by codifying our right to an exclusiveeconomic zone out to 200 nautical miles, in which the United States has sovereign control over the resources-- whether living or nonliving; by providing the means for international recognition of our sizeablecontinental shelf, particularly off the coast of Alaska where we can export mineral resources; by setting clearrules for laying of undersea cables, which are an essential component of the telecommunicationsinfrastructure; by establishing an international framework for deep seabed mining in areas outside of nationaljurisdictions, which we have long expected would be subject to international regulations.

( ) US Ratification Key to Heg-prefer our evidence because it explains how LOSTs

beneficial provisions are more important the negative ones

Hamilton, 8/27/07 (Lee, Director Woodrow Wilson Intl Center and Former Representative, indystar.com,http://www.indystar.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20070827/OPINION/708270327/-1/LOCAL17)

The arguments in favor of ratification are overwhelming. First, the treaty is critical to our national security.The U.S. military depends upon freedom of movement on the high seas so that our navy can have right ofpassage, and so we can transport military forces and equipment. The Convention guarantees that freedom,doing away with burdensome and varying rules from coastal nations, and ensuring that we need not seek apermission slip to pass through territorial seas. This also helps America -- and the world -- avert conflict.


37/42


2NC AT: LOST Empirically False

( ) Its Not Empirically False Ratification Now is Key because the treaty is finally

becoming active

Negroponte, 9/28/07 (John, Dep Sec State, State Department Documents and Publications)

WE NEED TO JOIN NOW. Some may ask why, after the Convention has been in force for thirteen years,there is an urgent need to join. There are compelling reasons why we need to accede to the Convention now.Although the first several years of the Convention's life were fairly quiet, its provisions are now beingactively applied, interpreted, and developed. The Convention's institutions are up and running, and we -- thecountry with the most to gain and lose on law of the sea issues -- are sitting on the sidelines. For example, theCommission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (which is the technical body charged with addressing thecontinental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles) has received nine submissions and has made recommendationson two of them, without the participation of a U.S. commissioner. Recommendations made in that body couldwell create precedents, positive and negative, on the future outer limit of the U.S. shelf. We need to be on theinside to protect our interests. Moreover, in fora outside the Convention, the provisions of the Convention arealso being actively applied. Our position as a non-Party puts us in a far weaker position to advance U.S.interests than should be the case for our country.

( ) Without ratification we face the imminent threats of Hegemony collapse, economy

collapse, rampant proliferation, and a lack of port security


38/42


2NC AT: LOST Bad Sovereignty

( ) LOST Ratification key to prevent perpetual unilateral use of force their sovereignty

arguments are backwards 4 reasons- international agreements are vital to sovereignty- constitution checks- congress checks- withdrawal procedures check

Moore, 05 (John Norton, Prof Natl Security Law, Journal Intl Affairs, 9/22)Arguments against the convention are, in a way; a denigration of law; they seem to indicate that any internationalagreement is an unwelcome infringement of U.S. sovereignty, when the contrary is the case. President GeorgeWashington regarded the Jay Treaty with Great Britain as the most important achievement of his administration. Noone would accept a loss of U.S. sovereignty. At the same time, one of the most important sovereign rights is thelegal ability of states to enter into agreements, just as individual citizens in the United States have the right to agreeto contracts with one another. In fact, it is only children and the mentally incompetent who have no right tocontract. To deny the U.S. government the right to enter into agreements with other nations would deprive it of oneof its most fundamental rights, leaving it with few options short of expending the lives of its armed forces toestablish and enforce national rights. It should also be understood that under the U.S. Constitution, freedom of actioncannot be lost through international agreements. One widely-accepted precept of U.S. foreign policy is that a

subsequent act of Congress can override a prior international agreement. Further, critics fail to mention that becauseof its sovereignty, the United States is free to withdraw from the convention.

We Straight Turn Your Sovereignty Claims 4 Reasons- ISA Inevitable US Ratification not key- ISA Only has jurisdiction over mineral resources in deep seabed not the water column- US Has Already Rejected Claim of Sovereignty over Deep Sea Bed- US Ratification Massively Expands US Sovereign JurisdictionMoore, 05 (John Norton, Prof Natl Security Law, Journal Intl Affairs, 9/22)Myths Concerning National SovereigntyMyth: The United States is giving up sovereignty to a new international authority that will control the oceans.Nothing could be further from the truth. The United States does not give up an ounce of sovereignty in thisconvention. Rather, as noted, the convention solidifies a massive increase in resource and economic jurisdiction for

the United States, not only to 200 nautical miles off our coasts, but to abroad continental margin in many areas evenbeyond that. The new International Seabed Authority (ISA) created by this convention, which, as noted, has existedfor a decade and will continue to exist regardless of U.S. actions, deals solely with mineral resources of the deepseabed beyond national jurisdiction--it has nothing to do with the water column above the seabed. The deep seabedis not only an area in which the United States has no sovereignty; but one on which the United States and the entireworld have consistently opposed extension of national sovereignty claims.

LOST Directly Repudiates World Government, Expands Sovereignty and Is Crucial to

Free Market Principles and Property Rights

Moore, 05 (John Norton, Prof Natl Security Law, Journal Intl Affairs, 9/22)Myth: The convention is an effort by the radical left to move toward world government. The reality is the opposite!The convention includes a massive extension of national sovereign rights over the most important oceans

resources, including fish stocks and oil and gas, while protecting national sovereign rights in freedom of navigationfor all nations. As such, it is a direct repudiation of radical claims , urged by some, for an international agency tocontrol the oceans. Only seabed mineral resources beyond a broadly extended area of coastal state jurisdiction areplaced under the limited control of an international authority, and this was necessary to establish the exclusiveproperty rights needed by mining firms for minerals otherwise owned by no nation. Further, the ISA, asrenegotiated, adopts free-market principles as its core and is itself a rejection of the "New InternationalEconomic Order." Also, the negotiations resisted any effort to stray into arms control as urged by some. In reality,the convention is a triumph for both national sovereign rights and free market principles.


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2NC AT: No Overpopulation Solvency

( ) Extend the 1NC San Gabriel Valley 5 saying that repealing GGR will decrease

overpopulation

( ) Increased support for family planning is key to lock in peak populationRichard Cincotta et al, Senior Research Associate, Population Action International, 2003, The SecurityDemographic, p. 41

POLICY PRESCRIPTION In recent decades the world as a whole has moved fairly rapidly through theearly and middle stages of the demo- graphic transition. Average family size is now a bit more than halfof what it was in the early 1960s, and infant mortality has declined by two- thirds. Policies and investmentsthat improved family planning and related reproductive health services and brought more girls into theclass- room and women into the workplace are major reasons for this progress. Waning internationalsupport for family planning services, however, renders uncertain the pace of further progress through

the transition.

( ) Increased family planning assistance can secure stable population sizeIts not too late

to solve

Richard Cincotta et al, Senior Research Associate, Population Action International, 2003, The SecurityDemographic, p. 40

Support for international family planning efforts has waned, however, in recent yearsand at aninopportune time.48The need for more and better quality reproductive health care, contracep- tives andcounseling is growing. Nearly 1.1 billion young people aged 15 to 19 are entering their reproductive years,most of them unaware of the risks and responsibilities of sex and reproduction. Three million people die eachyear from aids. And still, around 515,000 women perish annually from largely preventable pregnancy-relatedcauses, including about 70,000 deaths from unsafe abor- tions.49 Can the world change course? According todemographers, it already has. Growth of global population is decelerating more dramatically than wasanticipated even in the mid-1990s. The United Nations Population Division, the most widely consulteddemographic accountant on these matters, has set its 2002 medium variant projectionthe one the divisiondeems most predictiveat 7.9 billion people in 2025. Thats about 1.5 billion more people than today. Butit is also nearly 600 million fewerthan the same UN demographers had projected for 2025 just a decade

earlier.50Yet, the growth rate of population would be slower still if not for the fact that an estimated 38percent of all pregnancies worldwidesome 80 million annuallyare either unintended at the time orunwanted at any time.51 The global demograp