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Census of India 2011
WEST BENGAL
SERIES-20 PART XII-B
DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOK
HUGLI
VILLAGE AND TOWN WISE
PRIMARY CENSUS ABSTRACT (PCA)
DIRECTORATE OF CENSUS OPERATIONSWEST BENGAL
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CENSUS OF INDIA 2011
WEST BENGAL
SERIES-20 PART XII - B
DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOK
HUGLI
VILLAGE AND TOWN WISE PRIMARY CENSUS ABSTRACT (PCA)
Directorate of Census Operations West Bengal
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Bandel ChurchThe District Hugli is enriched with the rivers
Hugli, Damodar, Darakeswar,
Mundeswari, Saraswati, Kunti, Behula etc. It has inherited the
name “Hugli”probably from “HOGLA”, a tall reed, which grows in
abundance on the riverbanks and in the marshy low lands below them.
But it is also stated that ‘Hugli’ isa very ancient place. In the
Ain-i-Akbari written in 1596 A.D, Abul Fazl calls theplace as
“Hughli”. The District Hugli is enriched with its cultural
heritage. ThePortuguese, the Dutch, the French, the Dane, the
English came to this Districtfor business purpose. The river path
was used for trade and commerce. Theimportant monuments in this
district are Bandel Basilica, Hugli Immambara,Armenian Church,
Tower Clock, Bansberia Hanseswari Mandir etc. The greatscholar
William Carey came in this district and lived here for a long
period. Heenriched the Bengali language by printing books and
publishing “SamacharDarpan” in Bengali. Asia’s largest type foundry
was established at Serampore inthe district of Hugli with the help
of Panchanan Karmakar and his son-in-lawMonohar and at the
initiative of William Carey. This foundry was established,where
type faces of different Indian, Asian and European languages began
to becast. Sri Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay, a famous Bengali writer
also lived hereat Debanandapur in this district, who expressed
sorrows of the women folk inrural areas in his writings. Sri Bankim
Chandra Chattopadhyay, edited the“BANDE MATARAM” song here which is
known to every Indian. Raja Ram MohanRoy lived in this district at
Radhanagar, Khanakul under Arambagh Sub-division,who fought against
Sati Daaho Pratha.
Among the monuments, the Bandel Church is famous throughout
theWorld. Bandel appears to have been the port of Hugli at the time
of Portugueseand Moghals. This is the only sign of Portuguese
establishment in the district ofHugli. In front of the Church
stands a “Ship’s Mast” which was presented by theCaptain of a
vessel which had encountered a storm in bay of Bengal, but
rescuedat the grace of “Virgin Mary”, the “Lady of Happy Voyage”,
the centre of attractionin the Church. The present Church and
Monastery are said to have been built in1660 by Gomez-de-Soto
having the key stone of the old Church bearing thedate 1599 over
the Eastern Gate. The Church has three altars, a small organand
several tomb stones. Bandel Church is the pride of Bengal, pride of
Hugli.
MOTIF
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Pages
1 1
2 3
3 5
4 7
5 9
6 17
7 19
8 20
9
(i) 24
(ii) 29
(iii) 55
(iv) 153
(v) 173
(vi) 193
(vii) 435
10 Section –II Tables based on Households Amenities and Assets
(Rural/Urban) at District and Sub-District level.
(i) Table -1: Households by Ownership status and by Number of
Dwellingrooms occupied in the District, 2011 481
Contents
Primary Census Abstract for Scheduled Tribes (ST)
Administrative Setup
Important Statistics
District Highlights - 2011 Census
Brief History of the District
Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgement
History and Scope of the District Census Handbook
Urban PCA-Town wise Primary Census Abstract
Section - I Primary Census Abstract (PCA)
Brief note on Primary Census Abstract
District Primary Census Abstract
Appendix to District Primary Census Abstract Total, Scheduled
Castes andScheduled Tribes Population - Urban Block wise
Primary Census Abstract for Scheduled Castes (SC)
Rural PCA-C.D. blocks wise Village Primary Census Abstract
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(ii) Table -2: Percentage distribution of Households living in
Permanent,Semi permanent and Temporary houses, 2011 482
(iii) Table -3: Number and Percentage of Households by main
source ofDrinking water, 2011 484
(iv) Table -4: Number and Percentage of Households by main
source ofLighting, 2011 488
(v) Table -5: Number and Percentage of Households by type of
Latrinefacility, 2011 492
(vi) Table -6: Number and Percentage of Households by type of
Drainageconnectivity for waste water outlet, 2011 496
(vii) Table -7: Number and Percentage of Households by
availability ofKitchen facility, 2011 498
(viii) Table -8: Number and Percentage of Households by type of
fuel used forCooking, 2011 500
(ix) Table -9:Number and Percentage of Households availing
Bankingservices and number of Households having each of
thespecified Assets, 2011
504
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1
FOREWORD The District Census Handbook (DCHB) is an important
publication of the Census Organization since 1951. It contains both
Census and non Census data of urban and rural areas for each
District. The Census data provide information on demographic and
socio-economic characteristics of population at the lowest
administrative unit i.e. of each Village and Town and ward of the
District. The Primary Census Abstract (PCA) part of this
publication contains Census data including data on household
amenities collected during 1st.phase of the Census i.e. House
Listing and Housing Census. The non Census data presented in the
DCHB is in the form of Village Directory and Town Directory contain
information on various infrastructure facilities available in the
village and town viz; education, medical, drinking water,
communication and transport, post and telegraph, electricity,
banking, and other miscellaneous facilities. Later on, the
Telegraph Services were closed by the Government of India on 15th.
July, 2013. The data of DCHB are of considerable importance in the
context of planning and development at the grass-root level. 2. In
the 1961 Census, DCHB provided a descriptive account of the
District, administrative statistics, Census tables and Village and
Town Directory including Primary Census Abstract. This pattern was
changed in 1971 Census and the DCHB was published in three parts:
Part-A related to Village and Town Directory, Part-B to Village and
Town PCA and Part-C comprised analytical report, administrative
statistics, District Census tables and certain analytical tables
based on PCA and amenity data in respect of Villages. The 1981
Census DCHB was published in two parts: Part-A contained Village
and Town Directory and Part-B the PCA of Village and Town including
the SCs and STs PCA up to Tahsil/Town levels. New features along
with restructuring of the formats of Village and Town Directory
were added. In Village Directory, all amenities except electricity
were brought together and if any amenity was not available in the
referent Village, the distance in broad ranges from the nearest
place having such an amenity, was given. 3. The pattern of 1981
Census was followed by and large for the DCHB of 1991 Census except
the format of PCA. It was restructured. Nine-fold industrial
classification of main workers was given against the four-fold
industrial classification presented in the 1981 Census. In
addition, sex wise population in 0-6 age group was included in the
PCA for the first time with a view to enable the data users to
compile more realistic literacy rate as all children below 7 years
of age had been treated as illiterate at the time of 1991 Census.
One of the important innovations in the 1991 Census was the
Community Development Block (CD Block) level presentation of
Village Directory and PCA data instead of the traditional
Tahsil/Taluk/PS level presentation. 4. As regards DCHB of 2001
Census, the scope of Village Directory was improved by including
some other amenities like banking, recreational and cultural
facilities, newspapers & magazines and `most important
commodity’ manufactured in a Village in addition to prescribed
facilities of earlier Censuses. In Town Directory, the statement on
Slums was modified and its coverage was enlarged by including
details on all slums instead of ‘notified slums’. 5. The scope and
coverage of Village Directory of 2011 DCHB has been widened by
including a number of new amenities in addition to those of 2001.
These newly
-
2
added amenities are: Pre-Primary School, Engineering College,
Medical College, Management Institute, Polytechnic, Non-formal
Training Centre, Special School for Disabled, Community Health
Centre, Veterinary Hospital, Mobile Health Clinic, Medical
Practitioner with MBBS Degree, Medical Practitioner with no degree,
Traditional Practitioner and faith Healer, Medicine Shop, Community
Toilet, Rural Sanitary Mart or Sanitary Hardware Outlet in the
Village, Community Bio- gas, Sub Post Office, Village Pin Code,
Public Call Office, Mobile Phone Coverage, Internet Cafes/ Common
Service Centre, Private Courier Facility, Auto/Modified Autos,
Taxis and Vans, Tractors, Cycle-pulled Rickshaws, Carts driven by
Animals, Village connected to National Highway, State Highway,
Major District Road, and Other District Road, Availability of Water
Bounded Macadam Roads in Village, ATM, Self-Help Group, Public
Distribution System(PDS) Shop, Mandis/Regular Market, Weekly Haat,
Agricultural Marketing Society, Nutritional Centers (ICDS),
Anganwadi Centre, ASHA (Accredited Social Health Activist), Sports
Field, Public Library, Public Reading Room, Assembly Polling
station, Birth & Death Registration Office. In the Town
Directory, seven Statements containing the details and the data of
each Town have been presented viz.; (i)-Status and Growth History
of Towns,(ii)- Physical Aspects and Location of Towns, (iii)-Civic
and other Amenities, (iv)-Medical Facilities, (v)-Educational,
Recreational & Cultural Facilities, (vi)- Industry &
Banking, and (vii)- Civic & other amenities in Slums
respectively. CD Block wise data of Village Directory and Village
PCA have been presented in DCHB of 2011 Census as presented in
earlier Census. 6. The data of DCHB 2011 Census have been presented
in two parts, Part-A contains Village and Town Directory and Part-B
contains Village and Town wise Primary Census Abstract. Both the
Parts have been published in separate volumes in 2011 Census. 7.
The Village and Town level amenities data have been collected,
compiled and computerized under the supervision of Shri Deepak
Ghosh, IAS., Director of Census Operation, West Bengal. The task of
Planning, Designing and Co-ordination of this publication was
carried out by Dr. Pratibha Kumari, Assistant Registrar General
(SS) under the guidance & supervision of Dr. R.C.Sethi,
Ex-Addl. RGI and Shri Deepak Rastogi present Addl.RGI. Shri A.P.
Singh, Deputy Registrar General, (Map) provided the technical
guidance in the preparation of maps. Shri A.K. Arora, Joint
Director of Data Processing Division under the overall supervision
of Shri M.S.Thapa, Addl. Director (EDP) provided full cooperation
in preparation of record structure for digitization and validity
checking of Village and Town Directory data and the programme for
the generation of Village Directory and Town Directory including
various analytical inset tables as well as Primary Census Abstract
(PCA). The work of preparation of DCHB, 2011 Census has been
monitored in the Social Studies Division. I am thankful to all of
them and others who have contributed to bring out this publication
in time.
(C.Chandramouli) Registrar General &
Census Commissioner, India New Delhi. Dated:- 16-06-2014
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PREFACE
The District Census Hand Book or DCHB is the most popular and
widely used
publication which is compiled and prepared by the Census
Organization. The first ever
DCHB was published in the year 1951. Thereafter Census
Directorate is coming up with
the publication of DCHB in every decadal Census and the present
volume of DCHB of
2011 is seventh in the series.
Over the time, the contents of DCHB havebeen changing keeping in
track with
the requirement of the data user on different amenities. Since
DCHB is a compilation of
Census and non-Census data, the presentation is being done in
two parts, viz. the Part-A
and Part-B separately for each district. Part-A contains Village
& Town Directory data
with some important tables depicting availability of basic civic
amenities such as
drinking water facilities, educational facilities, post &
telegraph facilities, banking
facilities etc. at the C.D. Block/Village and Town level. Part-B
on the other hand contains
District Primary Census Abstract of Total Population including
Scheduled Castes and
Scheduled Tribesat the C.D. Block/Village level and for urban
units like for Statutory
Towns and Census Towns, it is ward level. Part-B contains data
for sex wise distribution
of population, age group of 0-6 years, literate and illiterate,
Scheduled Castes and
Scheduled Tribes, worker and non-worker data, economic category
i.e. cultivator,
agricultural labour, household industry worker and other
worker.
Apart from the above, DCHB also furnishes a variety of essential
information
pertaining to the district like brief history, the information
about administrative set-up,
location, climate, economic resources, land use, transport,
industry, trade and
commerce, place of historical, archaeological and tourists
importance etc. It also provides
brief analysis of Census data, presentation of the data through
various tables, graphs
and maps has made the publication much more attractive and
valuable.
Most sincere and deepest gratitude is expressed to Dr. C.
Chandramouli, IAS,
Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India for his
constant inspiration, support
and valuable suggestions. The support and assistance of Dr. R.C.
Sethi, former
Additional Registrar Generaland Shri Deepak Rastogi, present
Additional Registrar
General, worth special mentioning. Ourearnest gratitude to them.
We are also grateful
toDr. A.P. Singh, former Deputy Registrar General (Map) for
providing the technical
guidance in the preparation of maps and to Dr. PratibhaKumari,
Assistant Registrar
General (SS) for her overall supervision. Shri A.K. Arora, Joint
Director of Data
Processing Division under the overall supervision of Shri M.S.
Thapa, AdditionalDirector
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(EDP) provided full co-operation in preparation of record
structure for digitization and
validity checking of Village and Town Directory data and the
programme for the
generation of Village Directory and Town Directory including
various analytical inset
tables as well as Primary Census Abstract (PCA). Heartfelt
thanksto all the Officers of the
Office of the Registrar General, India who contributed their
share in befitting manner.
The sincere contributions made by the District Magistrates of
all districts,
Municipal Commissioners of Kolkata and Haora Municipal
Corporations, District Census
Officers, Additional District Census Officers (Officer
In-charge, Census)and in-numerable
Village, C.D. Block and Town level officials of all the
districts of West Bengal for
arranging collection of village and town directory data by the
local officials from the
villages/towns under their respective jurisdictionare hereby
acknowledged with
thankfulness.
At this Directorate level, sincere thanks are due to all those
who put utmost
sincerity and zeal towards the successful completion of this
publication within the
stipulated time. As it is not feasible to express recognitions
individually, a separate page
of acknowledgement is included in this publication.
25-08-2015 Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal
Kolkata
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Acknowledgements
A. The Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal
respectfully acknowledges the devoted, sincere hard work rendered
by about two lakhs Census Enumerators, Supervisors and Officials at
the District, Block and Municipal levels without whose heroic
efforts, the Census 2011 could never be undertaken.
B. The Census Directorate, West Bengal also gratefully
acknowledges the sincere and dedicated work of the following
officers/officials of this Directorate associated with the
preparation of this District Census Hand Book, 2011 whose
hard-work, dedication and diligence has made the publication of
this volume possible.
Drafting of Analytical Notes: Shri Pranab Kumar Majumdar, Joint
Director (Retired) Dr. Palash Chandra Coomar, Joint Director Shri
SubhashDasgupta, Deputy Director Shri Arunasish Chatterjee, Deputy
Director Shri P.P. Joy, Deputy Director Smt. Keka Ghosh, Assistant
Director Shri Subhasish Chatterjee, Assistant Director Smt.
ParnalekhaDasgupta, Assistant Director Smt. MoumitaGuha, Assistant
Director Smt. Sayantika Basu, Assistant Director Smt. Tandra Dutta,
Assistant Director Dr. Utpal Kumar Mandal, Senior Geographer Shri
PrasunGanguly, D.E.O. Grade-B Data Entry of Village & Town
Directory, Generation of Tables at DCO level, Validity Checking :
Smt. LopamudraGhosal, S.I. Grade II Shri Siddhartha Chatterjee,
S.I. Grade II Shri Sandip Kumar Panja, S.I. Grade II, Shri Sujita
Kumar Pradhan, S.I. Grade II Shri Tarun Sarkar, S.I. Grade II Shri
Arvind, S.I. Grade II Smt. NayanaNandan, S.I. Grade II Smt.
DebsmitaMajumdar, S.I. Grade II Shri PrasunGanguly, D.E.O. Grade B
Shri BibhasKanti Hira, D.E.O. Grade B Smt. Arpita Ghosh, Former
Compiler Smt. Hemlata Singh, Compiler Smt. Aditi Goswami, Compiler
Shri Deepak Kumar, Compiler Officers and Officials of Data Centre
Preparation of Maps : Shri Kailash Das, Research Officer (Map) Dr
Utpal Kumar Mandal, Senior Geographer Shri Pradeep Kumar Das, Sr.
Drawing Assistant Smt. SumarTopno, Senior Draughtsman Shri
KartickMurmu, Senior Draughtsman Shri AsokMondal, Senior
Draughtsman Shri Prashanta Roy, Senior Draughtsman Shri Sanjib Das,
Senior Draughtsman Shri TapanBhattacharjee, Senior Draughtsman
Preparation of Camera Ready Copy : Shri PrasunGanguly, D.E.O. Grade
B Preparation of e-book : Shri BibhasKanti Hira, D.E.O. Grade B
Shri Prashant Kumar, D.E.O. Grade B Shri PrasunGanguly, D.E.O.
Grade B Shri Prashanta Roy, Senior Draughtsman In-house Printing :
Shri PrasunGanguly, D.E.O. Grade B Shri Prashant Kumar, D.E.O.
Grade B Shri Ashok Pradhan, MTS Shri Madhusudan Das, MTS
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ORGI- Data Processing Division
Shri Jaspal Singh Lamba Deputy Director
Ms. Usha Assistant Director
Shri Anurag Gupta DPA Grade ‘A’
Shri Mukesh K.Mahawar DPA Grade ‘A’
Ms. Shagufta Nasreen Bhat DPA Grade ‘A’
Ms. Kiran Bala Saxena Sr. Supervisor
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HISTORY AND SCOPE OF THE DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOK
The need of data at the grass root level for the administrative
and planning purposes at sub micro level as well as academic
studies prompted the innovation of District Census Handbook.
District Census Handbook is a unique publication from the Census
organization which provides most authentic details of census and
non-census information from village and town level to district
level. The District Census Handbook was firstly introduced during
the 1951 Census. It contains both census and non census data of
urban as well as rural areas for each district. The census data
contain several demographic and socio-economic characteristics of
the lowest administrative unit i.e. of each village and town and
ward of the district. The non census data comprise of data on
availability of various civic amenities and infrastructural
facilities etc. at the town and village level which constitute
Village Directory and Town Directory part of the DCHB. The data of
DCHB are of considerable importance in the context of planning and
development at grass-root level.
In 1961 census DCHB provided a descriptive account of the
district, administrative statistics, census tables and village and
town directory including Primary Census Abstract. This pattern was
changed in 1971 Census and the DCHB was published in three parts:
Part-A related to village and town directory, Part-B to village and
town PCA and Part-C comprised analytical report, administrative
statistics, district census tables and certain analytical tables
based on PCA and amenity data in respect of villages. The 1981
census DCHB was published in two parts: Part-A contained village
and town directory and Part-B the PCA of village and town including
the SCs and STs PCA up to tahsil/town levels. New features along
with restructuring of the formats of village and town directory
were added into it. In Village Directory, all amenities except
electricity were brought together and if any amenity was not
available in the referent village, the distance in broad ranges
from the nearest place having such an amenity, was given. The
pattern of 1981 census was followed by and large for the DCHB of
1991 Census except the format of PCA. It was restructured.
Nine-fold industrial classification of main workers was given
against the four-fold industrial classification presented in the
1981 census. In addition, sex wise population in 0-6 age group was
included in the PCA for the first time with a view to enable the
data users to compile more realistic literacy rate as all children
below 7 years of age had been treated as illiterate at the time of
1991 census. One of the important innovations in the 1991 census
was the Community Development Block (CD Block) level presentation
of village directory and PCA data instead of the traditional
tahsil/taluk/PS level presentation.
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As regards DCHB of 2001 Census, the scope of Village Directory
was improved by including some other amenities like banking,
recreational and cultural facilities, newspapers & magazines
and `most important commodity’ manufactured in a village in
addition to prescribed facilities of earlier censuses. In Town
Directory, the statement on Slums was modified and its coverage was
enlarged by including details on all slums instead of ‘notified
slums’.
The scope and coverage of Village Directory of 2011 DCHB has
been widened by including a number of new amenities in addition to
those of 2001. In the Town Directory, seven Statements containing
the details and the data of each town have been presented viz.;
(i)-Status and Growth History of towns,(ii)- Physical Aspects and
Location of Towns, (iii)-Civic and other Amenities, (iv)-Medical
Facilities, (v)-Educational, Recreational & Cultural
Facilities, (vi)- Industry & Banking, and (vii)- Civic &
other amenities in Slums respectively. CD Block wise data of
Village Directory and Village PCA have been presented in DCHB of
2011 census as presented in earlier census. The data of DCHB 2011
Census have been presented in two parts, Part-A contains Village
and Town Directory and Part-B contains Village and Town wise
Primary Census Abstract. Both the Parts have been published in
separate volumes in 2011 Census.
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Brief history of the district
Like many other places of West Bengal, we do not have any
specific document regarding the naming of the district Hugli
(written as ‘Hooghly’ also). There is a belief that the name Hugli
is derived probably from the word ‘hogla’ which denotes a tall reed
that grows in abundance on the river banks and in the marshy low
lands below them. There is another strong belief that the nameis
connected to the Portuguese. By the end of the 16th century, Hugli
(the Portuguese called it Port Pequeno) replaced Satgaon as the
most important port for western Bengal and in course of time the
district came to be named after this thriving port-city which was
then the centre point of European trade in eastern India. It is
commonly believed that the Portuguese settled at Hugli about or
immediately after 1575 with the permission of the great Mughal
Emperor Akbar. At that time Hugli was a petty village with only a
number of straw huts and bamboo stockades in which the visiting
Portuguese ships used to sell their cargo of salt from ‘Hijli’ and
which they used to evacuate when the sell was over. A storehouse of
salt (or any other commodity) is called in Bengali gola, and this
word in the mouth of the Portuguese became O-Golim (‘O’ is the
definitive article in the Portuguese language and a nasal suffix is
added to most Indian place-names by these people). The Bengalis
turned O-golim into Hugli.
According to L.S.S. O’ Malleythis part of the country was
probably included in the territory held by the Suhmas, a tribe
mentioned in juxtaposition with the Angas, Vangas and Pundras in
the Mahabharata and also in the Mahabhashya, a grammar dating back
to the second century B.C.
During the third century B.C. the territory of the Suhmas which
was included in the vast empire of Asoka, extended over the whole
of Bengal as far as the mouth of the Ganges and up to Tamralipti
(the modern Tamluk). After several centuries, this tract merged
with rest of Bengal during the Gupta Empire, the credit goes to
Empire Samudragupta in the fourth century.
At the beginning of the seventh century this part of Bengal was
conquered by Sasanka, the king of Bengal. In the later half of the
same century, it became part of Emperor SiladityaHarshabardhan
however the northern and eastern part of the district passed into
the hands of the Sena kingdom of Bengal.
Hugli was the centre of trade right from the beginning and
foreign invaders like the Portuguese, the Dutch, the French, the
Danes, the English came to this district for business purpose and
established “Kuthis”. The district became the “window” to these
settlers.Chandernagore was under the French since 1696 till 1950.
Chinsurah and Serampur were under the Dutch and Danes respectively
for a long period.
After the British got control of Bengal after the battle of
Plassy, an agreement was signed between Mirkashim and the British
by which in 1760 the zamindary of Burdwan, Midnapur and Chittagang
was donated to the British. The British introduced their own rule
to administer those areas according to their system.
In the year 1795, Burdwan district was divided into two parts
for administrative purpose. The northern part became to be known as
Burdwan and the southern part became to be known as Hugli. The
Bengal Presidency at that time was divided into 14 districts of
which Hugli was one.
In the year 1822, Hugli became a separate Collectorate. The
present Collectorate Building was constructed between 1827 and 1829
to accommodate the British troops.
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The present Hugli district probably came into existence in 1795
through many administrative changes. The administrative system of
Hugli got its true shape during the British rule though the system
was not transparent. The district had its own judiciary system, but
the revenue matters over this area were in the hands of the
Collector of Barddhaman. The police stations the districts
comprised prove that Chandrakona and Ghatal of present Medinipur
district and Bagan (Bagnan?) and Ampta (Amta) of present Haora
district were included in the district of Hugli of that period. The
Baidyabati and Chinsurah police stations came to be added to the
district later. In the words of S.C. Dey, “Chinsurah was taken
possession of by the English on the 28th July, 1795 and they did
not restore it to the Dutch until the 27th September, 1817. It was
finally ceded to them in 1824 ……. Chandernagore was captured for
the second time by the English in 1794, and it continued in their
hands till 1815 when it was given up …………… Serampore was taken by
the English in 1808 and it was not restored to the Danes until the
Waterloo year. It was finally ceded to the English in 1845”.
In February, 1843, the magisterial charge of Haora was
separately created. Since then minor several changes have taken
place till 1966. Due to invention of so many foreign powers, the
district has witnessed several foreign administration and policies
in one form or the other. Interestingly all these foreign powers at
first invaded the district for business purpose but gradually the
traders became the rulers, sometimes directly sometimes indirectly
by controlling the districts economy. It appears that the district
was first visited by the Portuguese when Rabello arrived at the
port of Satgaon in 1535 with a demand of the King of Gour to
release the Portuguese prisoners. By the end of the 16th century
the Bay swarm with the galleys of the Portuguese. Satgaon on the
river Hugli was their port, the Porto Piqueno or the little haven.
The large ships from Portugal came upto Bator or modern Haora
whereas the smaller ships went to Satgaon. It is said that yearly
30 or 35 ships used to anchor here every year. From here the goods
went to local temporary market referred as hats. The trade
encouraged the Portuguese to make a settlement at Hugli probably
between 1575 and 1580. By 1588, Hugli was the sole possession of
the Portuguese. In 1599 the number and influence of the Christians
were attested by the erection of Bandel Church. By this time the
Portuguese in Bengal had degenerated into a race of pirates and
slave dealers, and lived ‘like wild men and untamed horses’. By
this time they use to seize and carry off peaceful cultivators,
harassed travellers and trader. They incurred Mughal Emperor Shah
Jahan’s displeasure who charged his government to extirpate the
Portuguese colony. His orders were promptly obeyed. The attack was
made from the river and land and the town was captured in October,
1631, or, according to some, in 1632, the siege having lasted three
months and a half. About 4,000 prisoners were taken to Agra and the
Bandel Church was destroyed. But the Portuguese returned in the
Emperor’s favour and returned to Hugli in 1633 with a grant of 777
bighas of rent-free land to Bandel Church which was rebuilt in
1660. But the Portuguese power was reduced gradually by the
up-growing British power later on.
The Dutch were the next European nation to settle in Bengal.
Early records suggests that the Dutch ships arrived in the year
1615 and after receiving a regular farman (sanction order) from
Mughal Emperor Shah Jagan they first had their chief factory
sometime before 1650. The first Dutch factory was swept away by
floods leading them to build a new factory lower down at Chinsura
probably in the year 1655. During the reign of Aurangzeb the Dutch
trade in Bengal was regulated by a farman granted by that Emperor
in 1662. Other notable Ductch factories besides Fort Gustavus at
Chinsura and a silk factory at Kashimbazar are a factory for
salting pork at Baranagar and a station at Falta for seagoing
ships. Initially the Dutch never intervened in any political
decisions of Bengalexcept those that comes in way of their
interest. During the rebellion of Subha Singh in 1695, the Dutch
drove out the rebel army from Hugli by firing broadsides from two
of their ships. In
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1712 they tried to mediate between Ziauddin, the late faujdar of
Hugli and his successor. In the same year the Emperor granted a
fresh farman to the Dutch East India Company. When
NawabSirajuddaula and the British confronted, the Dutch remained
neutral. However later in 1759, the Dutch became anxious to share
in the wealth acquired by the English in Bengal and their intrigues
were readily supported by the new Nawab Zafar Khan who was also
alarmed by the growing power of the English and wished to
counterbalance it by that of the Dutch. In August 1759, seven Dutch
vessels full of troops anchored in Bengal and they seized the
English trading vessels and burnt the English factories. Later on
20th November the English seized the Dutch factory at Baranagar and
crossed the Hugli to Chandernagore. On the 24th the English took
all their ships in the estuary and on the same day they drove back
the Dutch army in rout at Chandernagore and the next day in another
engagement at Bedarrah they utterly defeated the Dutch. Afterwards
when Chinsura was invested, the Dutch sued for peace. A convention
was signed at Ghiretti, by which the Dutch engaged to pay an
indemnity and the English agreed to restore their ships, stores and
prisoners. An agreement was next concluded between the Dutch and
the Nawab which divested the former of all possibility of building
up military power and the dream of a Dutch Empire in India. Their
trade naturally enough declined with the loss of their power. In
1781, on the outbreak of war with Holland, Chinsura was taken by
the British. By 1827 the Dutch of Chinsura had fallen on evil days,
and they disappeared shortly after.
The British was probably the strongest invaders to India. The
first Englishman to visit Bengal was Ralph Fitch, who came to Hugli
about 1588. In December 1600, the East India Company was
incorporated by royal charter though their attempts to secure trade
concessions from the Delhi sultanate failed in 1617, 1620, 1621 and
1632. Later in the year 1650, the British established a factory and
in December James Bridgeman with three assistants was dispatched to
make a settlement at Hugli. By the year 1657, the Hugli factory
became the head agency in Bengal with subordinate agencies at
Balasore, Kashimbazar and Patna though in the later year the
factory was made subordinate to Madras as the agency suffered
humiliation in the hand of the Mughal Governor of Bengal in 1661
and 1662. In the year 1668, the Bengal Pilot Service was
inaugurated as the British began to undertake the pilotage of the
river. In the year 1679 the Bengal Factories was recognized and the
trading came under the general control of the Chief and a Council
of Four at Hugli. In 1681 the factories in Bengal were again made
independent of Madras and William Hedges was appointed Agent and
Governor of the factories in the Bay of Bengal. He was dismissed in
1683 for managing affairs badly. In 1685 Job Charnock became Agent
and had to face a critical situation. The interlopers, a fraternity
of adventurous traders under the title of the New English Company,
were mischievously active and the Nawab thwarted trade and molested
the Company’s men. When Charnock took over charge, he found the
Court of Directors resolved on war and on 28 October 1686 there was
a regular engagement with the Mughal faujdar. There was an
armistice but Charnock finding Hugli a difficult place to maintain,
gave it up altogether and dropped down the river to Sutanuti. In
January 1687 Charnock again entered into negotiations with the
Nawab, but the latter refused his demands. In 1699 a new Company
was formed, duly constituted under the name of “The English Company
Trading to the East Indies”, and its President and Agent made his
headquarters at Hugli. The two companies continued their quarrels
for several years but were amalgamated in April 1702, when orders
were sent to the President to withdraw the out-factories, quit
Hugli and retire to Calcutta. This was done some time in 1704.
Though Calcutta became the new head quarters the English kept up
their connections with Hugli so long as it continued to be the seat
of the faujdar. There were frequent tiffs between the faujdar and
the English and during the last days of Muhammadan rule Hugli again
figured prominently. When NawabSirajuddaula was marching
against
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Calcutta in 1756, the English sent a party of 15 men to
Sukhsagar to reconnoitre. This gave rise to a rumour that the
English were on their way to attack Hugli and the Nawab sent a
large force to hold the town. On the 9th January 1757 the English
took Hugli and proceeded to secure possession of the neighbourhood.
The work of destruction of enemy arms and provisions in Bandel and
Shahganj was completed with thoroughness and the English moved
north. Chandernagore was captured on 23 March 1757.
Though the Danish India Company was formed in 1612, they came to
the district by the end of the century. They set up a factory at
Gondalpara, southeast of Chandernagore. This locality is still
known as Dinemardanga, the land of the Danes. By 1714 they
abandoned their factories only to re-establish them in 1755 having
secured from Ali Verdi Khan, at a considerable cost, the grant of a
settlement at Serampur. The Danes were allowed to settle and trade
there but they were not permitted to keep up a garrison. When
NawabSirajddaula demanded military help from them on his way to
Calcutta, the Danes failed which led theNawab to impose a huge fine
from them. Later the English took over Chandernagore and drove the
French away who took sanctuary in Serampur. Gradually the Danish
trader declined but it was soon revived because the Danes handled a
large volume of English tradeowing to the anxiety of the English to
escape the enemies’ privateers and men-of-war as England was at war
with the United States, France and Holland. These were the golden
days of Serampur and these too were the days in which the town
became famous in the Christian world as the headquarters of the
Baptist Missionaries, for in 1799, Marshman, Ward and two other
missionaries came to Serampur where they were soon joined by Carey.
In 1801 England was at war with Denmark and Serampur was seized by
the English to be restored next year at the Peace of Amiens. In
1808 there was war again and the British took Serampur. Serampur
was then administered by the Judge-Magistrate of Hugli until 1815
when it was restored to the Danes at the Piece of Kiel. Though the
Danes recovered the town, they did not recover their trade. A shoal
had formed in front of the town and their goods were ousted by
British competition. Between 1815 and 1845 only one vessel visited
the port, while in 1813-14 the total revenue was only Rs. 13,231.
Bishop Heber who visited the town in 1823 deplored its decadence.
At that time its attractions were its cheapness of living and the
asylum it gave to debtors. In 1830 the right to shelter debtors was
given up by the Danes and eventually, by a treaty concluded on 22
February 1845, the King of Denmark transferred Serampur with
Tranquebar to the British for one and a quarter million rupees.
The earliest record of French settlement in Bengal is found in
the English factory records which suggest that the French first
settled in Hugli in the year 1674. By virtue of a farman from the
Mughal Emperor Aurangzev, the French erected a factory in 1688 at
Chandernagore. In 1701 Chandernagore were placed under the Governor
of Pondicherry’s authority. Thereafter the French trade languished
and continued till 1741. A series of incidents combined the
declination of French trade in Bengal and even their factory got
into large debts. Though the French succeeded in avoiding war with
the Nawab in 1756, they fail to repeat the same in March 1757 when
Robert Clive of the British East India Company invaded
Chandernagore and captured the town. In the year 1765 Chandernagore
was restored by the Treaty of Paris. Resulting to a trouble with
the Nawab, the French trade was put on a virtual stop in the year
1768. Taking advantages of the war that broke up in Europe in 1778,
the English re-occupied Chandernagore again but withdrew on the
conclusion of peace in 1783. During the French Revolution the
citizens of Chandernagore shared in the republican fervour of their
countrymen the Governor fled to his country house at Ghiretti but
was brought back to the town by an excited mob, which wished to
copy the Parisians’ march to Versailles. Again in June 1793
Chandarnagore was re-occupied by the British. It was restored in
1802
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only to be seized again a few month later, on the resumption of
hostilities. The Judge-Magistrate of Hugli was then the
administrator and finally in 1816, Chandernagore was handed over to
the French. While under the British Government, Chandernagore, as
well as Chinsura and Serampur, is said to have swarmed with
receivers of stolen goods, cheats, swindlers and fraudulent
pawnbrokers. In 1823 the place presented to Bishop Heber a
‘remarkable picture of solitude and desolation’.
The district of Hugli was also invaded by the Prussians through
the Bengal Company of Embden founded in 1753 by Frederick the
Great. Almost at a distance of a mile from Chandernagore their
factory was erected with a garden attached to it known as the
Prussian Gardens. In the year 1756, the Prussian faced a disaster
when NawabSirajuddaula extorted Rs. 5,000/- from them and in August
their only ship was wrecked. With this blow and growing trading
rivalry with other European companies, the Royal Prussian Bengal
Company was forced to wound up in 1760 with the English taking
over.
The Flemish also tried a bit of trade in the district. In the
year 1722, the Ostend Company was formed and a year later it
founded and lost a settlement on the Hugli. The Nawab captured
their factory in 1723 and suspended the company’s charter in 1727
and was suppressed in 1731.But the Flemish did not give up all
hope, for isolated factories are mentioned as being in existence at
Bankibazar as late as 1744. Ali Verdi Khan finally,either in 1744
or 1748, attacked or drove the factors of the Ostend Company out of
the river of Hugli.
In concluding this sketch of the early Europe in settlements
mention may be made of the native names given to them and to the
nations which held them. The Portuguese were called Firingis (from
Frank), their quarters Firingi-tola and they lend their name to
syphilis which in vernacular was called Feranga-roga. The Dutch
were called Olandaz from Hollandois, the French Farashi and their
settlement Farasdanga from Francais; the English Angrez or Ingrez
from Anglais or English, and the Danes Dinemar and their settlement
DinemarDanga from Denmark.
The influence of so many foreign powers that came into Hugli
district, one way or the other, have great impact upon various
areas of the district as well as upon the habits and cultures of
the people. Let us now discuss in brief the impact and other
related matters in different towns of the district.
Arambag :Arambag (also spelt Arambagh) is the largest
Sub-division of the district was formed in 1879. The city, also
bearing the same name is the head quarters of the Sub-division.
Arambagh was earlier known as Jahanabadand was the headquarters
of JahanabadSub-division. On 19th April, 1900 the name of Jahanabad
was changed to Arambagh, which means “the garden of ease and
comfort”. Famous Bengali writer RishiBankim Chandra Chattopadhyay
was the first Sub-divisional Officer of Arambagh. Noted persons
like ShriRamkrishnaParmahnsadev (noted religious
preacher),RajaRammohan Roy (social reformer),ShriPrasanna Kumar
Sarbadhikary (author of first Bengali arithmetic book and member of
the syndicate of Calcutta
University),ShriDebaprasadSarbadhikary(Vice-Chancellor, Calcutta
University),ShriBhupendranath Bose (Vice-Chancellor, Calcutta
University),ShriNandalalMaity(noted writer of several volumes of
History of Mathematics in Bengali), ShriPrafulla Chandra Sen
(former Chief Minister of West Bengal),ShriBalai Krishna Roy
(Founder,Arambagh Hatcheries),ShriSumanta Chattopadhyay (famous
actor, winner of Dada SahebPhalke award) and many others was the
son of the soil of Arambagh.
Arambagh Hatcheries Limited is a multi-dimensional food based
company, incorporated in the year 1973 with primary interest in
chicken and chicken related
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14
products. Initiating from Arambagh, business activities of the
company has not only been concentrated in the State of West Bengal,
but also in the states like Bihar, Jharkhand, Assam, Uttar Pradesh,
Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka. With the passage of time
Arambagh’sChicken has got a brand name and value which has now
reached abroad also.
Bandel : Founded by the Portuguese settlers, this city is an
urban area in Chinsurah-Mogra C.D. Block in Chinsurah Sub-division.
It is under ChinsurahPolice Station and is a part of Kolkata
Metropolitan Area. Bandel is also known as a major railway junction
station of Eastern Railway and is about 40 km. from Howrah railway
station. The place is famous for Bandel Church. The Church and the
Monastery were built around 1660 by the Portuguese. It is one of
the oldest Christian churches of West Bengal and it is dedicated to
NossaSenhora do Rosário, also known as “NossaSenhora da Boa
Viagem”, meaning “Our Lady of the Good Journey”. The keystone of an
older church with the year 1599 on it, adorns the riverside gate of
the monastery attached to it.
Chandannagar :Probably the most historic town of the district,
the city of Chandannagar, a former French colony is located about
30 km. (19 miles) north of Kolkata. The city was formerly known as
Chandernagore (Chôndonnôgor, in French Chandernagor) and it isone
of the 6 municipal corporations of West Bengal. It is a part of the
area covered by Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority. Located
besides the Hugli River, the city has been able to maintain a
separate identity different from all other cities and abide by her
own characteristics. The total area is 19 sq. km. (7.3 sq. mile),
and had a population of 166,867 as per 2011 Census. The name
Chandannagore is possibly derived from the shape of the bank of the
river Ganges which is bent like a half moon (in Bengali, Chand
means moon and Nagar implies city). In some old documents the
spelling of Chandannagar was Chandernagore which probably came from
Chandra Nagar (Chandra also means moon in Bengali). Other is of the
belief that it might have been taken from the flourishing trade and
business of chandan (sandal) wood at that time. One more reason
behind the name is, in Chandernagore there is a temple of Goddess
‘Chandi’. So the name might come from there also. But earlier
people knew the place by the name Farasdanga as it was a French
colony (in Bengali Farasi means French, danga means land). The city
was established as a French colony in 1673, when the French
obtained permission from Ibrahim Khan, the Nawab of Bengal, to
establish a trading post on the right bank of the Hugli River.
Bengal was then a province of the Mughal Empire. It became a
permanent French settlement in 1688 and in 1730 Joseph François
Dupleix was appointed Governor of the city during whose
administration more than two thousand brick houses were erected in
the town and a considerable maritime trade was carried on. For a
time, Chandannagar was the main centre for European commerce in
Bengal.In 1756, when war broke out between France and Great
Britain, Colonel Robert Clive of the British East India Company and
Admiral Charles Watson of the British Navy bombarded and captured
Chandannagar on 23rd March, 1757. The town’s fortifications and
many houses were demolished thereafter and Chandannagar’s
importance as a commercial center was eclipsed by that of Calcutta
just downriver. Chandernagore was restored to the French in 1763,
but retaken by the British in 1794. The city was returned to France
in 1816, along with a 3 sq. miles (7.8 km2) enclave of surrounding
territory. It was governed as part of French India until 1950,
under the political control of the Governor-General in Pondicherry.
By 1900 the town’s former commercial importance was gone and it was
reduced to little more than a quiet suburb of Calcutta, with a
population of 25,000 (1901 Census). The European town was noted for
its clean wide thoroughfares with many elegant residences along the
riverbank. After India’s Independence(1947), in June 1948 the
French Government held a plebiscite which found that 97% of
Chandannagar’s residents wished to become part of India. In May
1950, the French allowed the Indian Government to assume
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15
de-facto control over Chandannagar, officially ceding the city
to India on 2nd February, 1951. De-jure transfer took place on 9th
June, 1952. On 2nd October, 1955 Chandannagar was integrated into
the state of West Bengal.
Chinsurah : Situated in the bank of Hugli river, Chinsurah (in
Bengali pronunciation Chuchura) is about 35 km. north of Kolkata
and is the District Head Quarter.Chuchura houses the Commissioner
of the Burdwan Range. It forms a part of the Kolkata Metropolitan
Development Authority (KMDA) region. The District Court building of
Chinsurah is the longest building in West Bengal. The Portuguese
founded the town of Hooghly-Chuchura in 1579, but the district has
thousands of years of heritage in the form of the great kingdom of
Bhurshut. The city flourished as a trading port and some religious
structures were built. One such structure is a church dedicated to
a charismatic statue of the Mother Mary brought by the
Portuguese.
During the 17th century when political disorder struck the city,
the Mughal Governor of Bengal expelled the Portuguese. The fleeing
Portuguese lost the statue of the Mother Mary in the river but
local people later found in on the river bank. The arrested
Portuguese were taken to Delhi where a death sentence of trampling
by elephants was decreed. Emperor Shah Jahan, hearing the death
sentence, revert the order. A fresh order was issued by which the
priests were released and granted a piece of land on the bank of
the river Hugli where the statue of the Mother Mary was
re-established. A church was constructed to house the statue, which
still receives pilgrims today. The church was renovated in 1980s
and has been declared as a Basilica by the Authority of Rome.
In 1656 the Dutch erected a factory on the site of the town. At
that time Calcutta was the principal settlement in Dutch Bengal,
who used it as a base for the Dutch intra-Asian opium trade.In 1759
the garrison of Chinsura on its march to Chandernagore attacked a
British force under Colonel Forde. The Battle of Chinsurah lasted
less than half an hour and ended with the rout of the Dutch
attackers. In 1795, during the Napoleonic wars, a British garrison
occupied the settlement. The peace of 1814 restored Hugli to the
Dutch. However, in 1825, the Dutch ceded many of their possession
in India to the British, in exchange for the British possessions in
Sumatra.
Both Chinsurah and Hugli played an important role in the Bengal
renaissance and the Indian Independence movement. “VandeMataram”,
India’s national song, was composed by RishiBankim Chandra
Chattopadhyay at Joraghat in Chinsurah, who was also an alumnus of
the Hooghly Collegiate School. Nazrul Islam’s revolutionary songs
were penned while he was imprisoned by the British in Hugli
Jail.
Guptipara : A rural town under Balagarh police station in
Chinsurah Sub-division, Guptipara has a rich cultural heritage. In
the book ‘Rajtarangini’ by Kalhan, in ‘Manasa Mongol kabya’ of
BiprodasPipolai, in ‘SurodhaniKabya’ of Shri DenobondhuMitra, in
the famous ‘PatherPanchali’ of Shri BibhutibhusanBabdhopadayay, we
get references of Guptipara. Guptipara is famous for
kabiyalBholaMayera. Guptipara derived its name from the famous
Baidya Community of that locality (surnames of Baidyas end with
Gupta). Guptipara have boasted of many renowned Ayurvedic (nature
cure) Doctors within Baidya community. Many famous ayurvedic books
were written by doctors of Baidya community. The RaathYatra
(Chariot Festival of JagannathDev), the DurgaPuja of the area is
Bengal famous.Guptipara is also known for its famous terracotta
temples.
Hooghly MohsinCollege : Though not a town as those described
above, still this glorious house of learning should get a special
mention that nurtured some of the doyens of nineteenth century
Indian Renaissance. Since its historic inception as the
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first seat of English Education in India in 1836 to date, this
college has been nurturing talents who have always done our country
proud. Eminent Bengali writer RishiBankim Chandra Chattopadhyay,
the composer of “VandeMataram” was a student of this institution.
He was also the first Sub-divisional Officer of Arambagh
Sub-division of the district. Rai BahadurSaradaPrasanna Das, I.E.S,
eminent professor of mathematics, was the principal in the earlier
19th century of this college. Bengali writers, such as Shri
Dwijendralal Roy, ShriSanjib Chandra Chattopadhyay,
ShriRangalalBandyopadhyay was also alumni of this college.Several
students and teachers associated with this college dedicated their
lives to the cause of Indian Freedom Movement. Some of them
beingS/ShriBiplabacharyaJyotish Chandra Ghosh, Muzaffar Ahmed,
Kanailal Dutta, PramathanathMitra, BrahmabandhavUpadhyay,
DebendranathMondal, BhupatiMujumder, Charu Chandra Roy
andMrityunjaySil. A versatile genius, the Indian Muslim Judge and
Jurist, wise leader, writer and historian Syed Amir Ali, famous
scientists such as Dr. UpendranathBrahmachari, Sahairam Basu and
J.N.Bhar, noted singers like ShyamalMitra and SatinathMukhopadhyay
were students of this college.
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Administrative set up (i) Region of the state where district is
located :
Situated in the eastern bank of Hugli river, the district of
Hugli falls under the Burdwan Division of West Bengal.
(ii) Total number of CD Blocks or the next Administrative units
after district and changes therein including jurisdictional changes
during 2001-2011 :
The district has four Sub-divisions, viz. 1) Sadar, 2) Arambag,
3) Chandannagar, and4) Serampore. There are 18 Community
Development (C.D.) Blocks, 12 Municipalities and 1 Municipal
Corporation in the district. Sadar Sub-division has got 5 C.D.
Blocks namely, Dhaniakhali, Pandua, Balagarh, Chinsurah-Mogra and
Polba-Dadpur. Arambag Sub-division has got 6 C.D. Blocks namely,
Goghat-I, Goghat-II, Arambagh, Khanakul-I, Khanakul-II and
Pursurah. Chandannagar Sub-division has got 3 C.D. Blocks namely,
Tarakeswar, Haripal and Singur. Serampore Sub-division has got 4
C.D. Blocks namely, Jangipara, Chanditala-I, Chanditala-II and
Serampur-Uttarpara.
There are 23 Police Stations (P.S.) in the district. 8 P.S.s are
situated in Sadar Sub-division viz. Dhaniakhali, Gurap, Pandua,
Balagarh, Chinsurah, Mogra, Polba and Dadpur.4 P.S.s are situated
in Arambag Sub-division viz. Goghat, Arambagh, Khanakul and
Pursurah. 5 P.S.s are situated in Chandannagar Sub-division viz.
Tarakeswar, Haripal, Singur, Bhadreswar and Chandannagar. 6 P.S.s
are situated in Serampore Sub-division viz. Jangipara, Chanditala,
Dankuni, Uttarpara, Serampur and Rishra.
There has been no jurisdictional change in the district during
2001-2011.
(iii) Total number of Towns/Villages etc. : As per Census of
India 2011, there are 77 urban units in Hugli district. The
only Municipal Corporation of the district is Chandannagar (M.
Corp.). There are 12 municipalities in the district viz. Arambag
(M), Baidyabati (M), Bansberia (M), Bhadreswar (M), Champdani (M),
Dankuni (M), Hugli-Chinsurah (M), Konnagar (M), Serampore (M),
Tarakeswar (M), UttarparaKotrung (M) and Rishra (M). The remaining
are classified as Census or Non-municipal towns numbering 64 and
namely,Batika (CT), Pandua (CT), Purusottampur (CT), Namajgram
(CT), Badhagachhi (CT), Mirdhanga (CT), Sripur (CT), Jirat (CT),
Kola (CT), Hansghara (CT), Raghunathpur (PS-Magra) (CT),
Madhusudanpur (CT), Amodghata (CT), Alikhoja (CT), Shankhanagar
(CT), ChakBanshberia (CT), Manushpur (CT), Keota (P) (CT), Kodalia
(CT), Naldanga (CT), Kulihanda (CT), Dharmapur (CT), Bargachhia
(CT), Balarambati (CT), Singur (CT), Nasibpur (CT), Jagatnagar
(CT), Baruipara (CT), Belumilki (CT), DakshinRajyadharpur (CT),
Rishra (CT), Bamunari (CT), Nawapara (CT), Nabagram Colony (CT),
Basai (CT), Kanaipur (CT), Raghunathpur (PS-Dankuni) (CT), Masat
(CT), Tisa (CT), Kharsarai (CT), Bhagabatipur (CT), Ramanathpur
(CT), Kumirmora (CT), Nababpur (CT), Dudhkalmi (CT), Manirampur
(CT), Gangadharpur (CT), Jangalpara (CT), Janai (CT), Chikrand
(CT), Panchghara (CT), Begampur (CT), PurbbaTajpur (CT), Baksa
(CT), Jaykrishnapur (CT), Kapashanria (CT), Pairagachha (CT), Naiti
(CT), Barijhati (CT), Garalgachha (CT), Krishnapur (CT), Rajbalhat
(CT), Simla (CT) and Borai (CT).
A total of 1,866 villages are distributed in 18 C.D. Blocks of
the district.
(iv) If the district is newly created, the area from which it
has been carved out :
It is not a newly created district.
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(v) Urban Local Bodies : India has seen the formation of urban
local bodies since the time of Indus
Valley Civilization. The first Municipal Corporation was set up
at erstwhile Madras (now Chennai) under a charter granted by
James-II during the British rule in 1687. There are different types
of urban local bodies, namely, Municipal Corporations, Municipal
Councils, Municipalities, Notified Area Committees, Cantonment
Boards etc. Except the Cantonment Boards all other types of
municipal bodies are governed by the state municipal laws.
Cantonment Boards are controlled by the Central Act called
Cantonment Acts, 1924. A municipality is constituted with elected
members of the inhabitants of a city or town and municipal
corporations, and is created by the enactment of State Legislatures
or of Parliament in case of Union Territories. The area which does
not fulfil all the conditions laid down as necessary for the
constitution of a municipality or it may also be created for newly
developing towns or areas are known as Notified Area Committee.
Except Notified Area, the councils of all these corporate bodies
comprise of elected members of the public through adult franchise
(citizen of 18 years and above) based on secret ballot. The
notified area is governed by the state governments through a body
nominated by it. Apart from overall planning, creation and
maintenance of Civil Administration, the primary object of every
urban local body is to provide certain civic amenities to the
people.
As already stated there are 1 Municipal Corporation namely
Chandannagar (M. Corp.) and 12 municipalities. Among them
Hugli-Chinsurah and Serampur municipalities are the oldest,
established on 1865. On 1st April, 1869 three municipalities were
created namely Bansberia, Bhadreswar and Baidyabati. After 17 years
in 1886,ArambagMunicipality was created. Before India’s
IndependenceChampadani Municipality was established on 1st October
1917 and on 16th January 1944 Konnagar and Rishra municipalities
were established. After independence Chandannagar Municipal
Corporation was established on 1st September 1955,
Uttarpara-Kotrang Municipality was created on 16th August and
TarakeswarMunicipality was created on 6th August, 1975. The newest
municipality is Dankuni which was created on 1st January, 2008.
Civil Administration : The Civil Administration of the district
is consisted of District Magistrate as
the Principal Executive of the district along with 4
Sub-divisional Officers (S.D.O.s) being Sub-divisional heads of
Sadar, Arambag, Chandannagar andSerampur Sub-divisions. The C.D.
Blocks are headed by the Block Development Officers under the
control of the S.D.O.s. Under the Police Administration,
Superintendent of Police is the head of the district under which
five Sub-divisional Police Officers with Inspector In-Charges or
Officer-In-Charges for 23 Police Stations of the district are in
function. From the Judicial point of view, District Judge is the
head of the District Judiciary and Sub-divisional Judicial
Magistrates are the head at the Sub-divisional levels.
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District Highlights - 2011 Census Hugli District comprises of 18
C.D. Blocks and 13 Statutory Towns.
There are Total 1,866 villages and 64 Census Towns in the
District.
Hugli District ranks 6th in terms of TotalPopulation in the
state and it ranks 8th in terms of 0-6 year’s Population in the
state.
Hugli District occupies 7th position in terms of Scheduled Caste
Population in the state.
Hugli District occupies 11th position in terms of Scheduled
Tribe Population in the state.
The percentage of urban share of Population of Hugli District
has expanded from 33.5% (2001 Census) to 38.6% (2011 Census) of
TotalPopulation of respective Census.
Hugli District ranks 17th in decadal Population growth rate
among the Districts with 9.5%.
The density of Population (Population per square km) of the
District is 1,753 per square km which makes its rank 4th in the
State.
The Sex Ratio of the District is 961 (No. of females per 1000
males) which is much higher than the State’s Sex Ratio (950) and it
ranks 3rd in the State and moves up to 2nd position when only Rural
Sex Ratio (968) is considered. In case of Scheduled Caste
Population it ranks 2nd (974).
Hugli District has the highest Sex Ratio along with
BirbhumDistrict for Scheduled Tribe Population. Notably the ratio
is 1,024.
In case of proportion of Child Population (0-6 years), Hugli
District ranks 15th in the State (9.7%).
Hugli District has experienced slight increment in Child Sex
Ratio (CSR) from 951 in 2001 Census to 952 in 2011 Census but for
the State a decline from 960 in 2001 Census to 956 in 2011 Census
has been noticed.
Literacy rate of the District is 81.8% (higher than the State
average of 76.3%) thereby making its rank 5th in the State.
The Work Participation Rate has risen from 36.9 (in 2001 Census)
to 39.0 (in 2011 Census) and in this case it ranks 8th in the
State.
In Hugli District the percentage of Main Workers to Total
Workers has dropped from 82.2 in 2001 Census to 79.6 in 2011 Census
similar to the State where the percentage 78.1 in 2001 Census dips
into 73.9 in 2011 Census.
There are 14 (Fourteen) Villages having Population 10,000 and
above.
BiraChak (Jangipara C.D. Block) is the least populated village
in the District with Population 4.
Bara Kamalapur (Singur C.D. Block) is the most populated village
in the District with Population20,047.
Dhaniakhali C.D. Block has the highest number of Villages (214)
and Serampur-Uttarpara C.D. Block has the lowest number of Villages
(15) in the District.
Hugli District stands 14th in terms of area (3149.00 sq km)
along with DarjilingDistrict.
Other Workers constitute the major work force i.e. 55.6 per cent
of Total Workers.
There are 24 uninhabited Villages in the District.
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Number of Villages Total 40,203 1,866 Inhabited 37,468 1,842
Uninhabited 2,735 24
Number of Towns Statutory 129 13 Census 780 64 Total 909 77
Number of Households Normal 20,309,872 1,283,698 Institutional
41,796 2,639 Houseless 28,647 1,086
Population Total Persons 91,276,115 5,519,145 Males 46,809,027
2,814,653 Females 44,467,088 2,704,492
Rural Persons 62,183,113 3,390,646 Males 31,844,945 1,722,945
Females 30,338,168 1,667,701
Urban Persons 29,093,002 2,128,499 Males 14,964,082 1,091,708
Females 14,128,920 1,036,791
Percentage Urban Population 31.87 38.57
Number Percentage Number Percentage
Persons 11,099,918 13.84 528,365 10.59
Males 5,343,042 12.89 251,754 9.82
Females 5,756,876 14.87 276,611 11.39
Area (in sq Km.) 88752 3149.00
1028 1753
Sex Ratio Total 950 961 (Number of females per 1000 males) Rural
953 968
Urban 944 950
District
Important Statistics
Decadal Population Growth 2001-2011
Density of Population (Persons per sq Km.)
State
20
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Important Statistics
Number Percentage Number Percentage
Literates Persons 61,538,281 76.26 4,078,388 81.80Males
33,818,810 81.69 2,211,777 87.03Females 27,719,471 70.54 1,866,611
76.36
Scheduled Castes Persons 21,463,270 23.51 1,344,021 24.35Males
11,003,304 23.51 680,992 24.19Females 10,459,966 23.52 663,029
24.52
Scheduled Tribes Persons 5,296,953 5.8 229,243 4.15Males
2,649,974 5.66 113,249 4.02Females 2,646,979 5.95 115,994 4.29
Workers and Non-WorkersPersons 34,756,355 38.08 2,152,870
39.01Males 26,716,047 57.07 1,713,608 60.88Females 8,040,308 18.08
439,262 16.24
(i) Main Workers Persons 25,686,630 28.14 1,714,645 31.07Males
21,678,279 46.31 1,463,433 51.99Females 4,008,351 9.01 251,212
9.29
(ii) Marginal Workers Persons 9,069,725 9.94 438,225 7.94Males
5,037,768 10.76 250,175 8.89Females 4,031,957 9.07 188,050 6.95
Non-Workers Persons 56,519,760 61.92 3,366,275 60.99Males
20,092,980 42.93 1,101,045 39.12Females 36,426,780 81.92 2,265,230
83.76
(i) Cultivators Persons 5,116,688 14.72 259,680 12.06Males
4,500,041 16.84 239,530 13.98Females 616,647 7.67 20,150 4.59
(ii)Agricultural Labourers Persons 10,188,842 29.32 583,380
27.10Males 7,452,814 27.9 415,950 24.27Females 2,736,028 34.03
167,430 38.12
Persons 2,464,124 7.09 111,828 5.19Males 1,114,683 4.17 66,624
3.89Females 1,349,441 16.78 45,204 10.29
(iv) Other Workers Persons 16,986,701 48.87 1,197,982 55.65Males
13,648,509 51.09 991,504 57.86Females 3,338,192 41.52 206,478
47.01
Total Workers (Main and Marginal)
Category of Workers (Main & Marginal)
(iii)Workers in household industry
State District
21
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Section - I
Primary Census Abstract (PCA)
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Brief Note on Primary Census Abstract
Introduction: The Indian Census has the reputation of being one
of the best in the world. The first Census in India was conducted
in the year 1872. This was conducted at different points of time in
different parts of the country. In 1881 a Census was taken for the
entire country simultaneously. Since then, Census has been
conducted every ten years, without a break. Thus, the Census of
India 2011 was the fifteenth in this unbroken series since 1872,
the seventh after independence and the second census of the third
millennium and twenty first century. The census has been
uninterruptedly continued despite of several adversities like wars,
epidemics, natural calamities, political unrest, etc.
The Census of India is conducted under the provisions of the
Census Act 1948 and the Census Rules, 1990. In Censuses until 1931,
a synchronous de-facto method was adopted wherein the Census was
conducted throughout the country on a single night. This being a
very costly affair and involved the deployment of very large force
at one point of time was given up in 1941. Since then the same
methodology has been followed in all the Censuses. It is a gigantic
operation and considered to be the single largest, complex, peace
time administrative exercise in the world.
The Census Operation in India is carried out in two distinct but
inter connected phases - the House listing and Housing Census
followed by the Population Enumeration. During the first phase of
Census 2011 i.e., House listing and Housing Census, the buildings,
census houses and households were identified and systematically
listed in the House Listing and Housing Census Schedule during the
period April to September, 2010 in different States/Union
Territories. Apart from listing of houses, some useful data on the
amenities available to the households was also collected for
assessing condition of human settlements, housing deficits etc.
Censuses prior to Census 2001 had the system of collecting the
information through Individual Slip which was a key schedule for
every individual. The information collected through slip was then
compiled for a household. Some information was also collected in
addition to this for the household. During 2001 Census a
comprehensive Household Schedule was adopted replacing the
individual slip concept. In 2011 Census also similar household
schedule was used for canvassing. The scope of demographic,
socio-economic parameters has been widened in every census.
2. Population Enumeration - Census 2011:
The field work of the second phase i.e. Population Enumeration
was carried out during February-March, 2011. One of the essential
features of Population Enumeration in the second phase was that
each person was enumerated and her/his individual particulars were
collected at a well-defined point of time.
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The Census moment and the reference date for the Census of India
2011 was 00:00 hours of 1st March, 2011. The enumeration was
conducted from 9th February to 28th February, 2011 along with a
revisional round from 1st March, 2011 to 5th March, 2011
synchronously all over the country except for few specific areas of
the Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand states
that remain snowbound in February. In these locations the
population enumeration was done from 11th September, 2010 to 30th
September, 2010 along with a revisional round from 1st October,
2010 to 5th October, 2010. The reference date for the census in
snow bound non-synchronous areas of these states was 00.00 hours of
the first day of October, 2010. In addition to the coverage during
House listing & Housing Census, the enumeration of the
Houseless population was carried out on the night of 28th February,
2011, as has been the usual practice. For the purpose of Census,
certain areas where the access of the civilian enumerators was not
permissible due to security reasons termed as ‘Special Charges’
such as the Defence and strictly Military/Para-Military areas,
including operational areas were also covered. Such areas were not
covered during the House listing & Housing Census. In addition
to the defence/para-military areas, Special Charges also included
certain factory areas, certain colonies, sensitive areas,
scientific establishments, etc. These also formed Special Charges
as these were not accessible by the usual census enumerator.
3. Quality Assurance: A Task Force for Quality Assurance (TFQA)
functioned under the chairmanship of the RG & CCI. Experienced
officers of the different divisions of the organization i.e. Heads
and senior officers of the Census Division, Data Processing
Division, Map Division, Demography Division and Social Studies
Division comprised the TFQA. The Directors of Census Operations
were co-opted as members whenever the TFQA discussed the data for
their States/Union territories. The main objective of constituting
the TFQA was to subject the data to stringent validation checks and
ensure its quality before release as it was expedient to be
satisfied itself about the quality of data before putting the same
in public domain.
The Directors and their senior officers were involved at all
levels with respect to the quality and the coverage of their
states/Uts. The TFQA intensively scrutinized coverage and content
parameters including edit and imputation logic. The most important
aspect of the data quality was to ensure complete coverage of all
geographical areas especially for the population enumeration phase
where the data is disseminated right up to the village level in the
rural areas and the ward level in the urban areas. Thus ensuring
the complete coverage and correct geographical linkage of each
enumeration block was one of the major planks of the quality
control, especially for small area population statistics. The
content was scrutinized mainly through the process of internal
consistency, comparison with similar data in the past and also
through validation with likewise data if available, from external
sources. Quite often the local knowledge and perception was looked
at to understand both the existing and the new emerging trends
of
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population distribution and characteristics. A very
comprehensive check and edit mechanism was put in place to
objectively examine the preliminary Census 2011 Population
Enumeration results and finally clear them for use. The population
data was cleared only after the full possible satisfaction of the
TFQA.
The entire work relating to the data validation and scrutiny was
completed by all the States/Union territories under the overall
supervision and monitoring of the Census Division of the Office of
the Registrar General, India with active cooperation and support of
the Social Studies Division, Data Processing Division, Data
Dissemination Division and Map Division.
4. Primary Census Abstract: The Primary Census Abstract whi
