Welcome Welcome

• Grab your folder, the packet by the Grab your folder, the packet by the door, and take your seat.door, and take your seat.

• Complete Family trends survey Complete Family trends survey warm-up warm-up

The FamilyThe Family

CHAPTER 12 The Family CHAPTER 12 The Family Section 1: The Family in Cross-Cultural Section 1: The Family in Cross-Cultural

Perspective Perspective Section 2: The American Family Section 2: The American Family

Objectives:Objectives:

• Identify the basic societal needs that Identify the basic societal needs that the institution of the family satisfies. the institution of the family satisfies.

• Describe some of the disruptions Describe some of the disruptions they might face. they might face.

• Analyze some of the trends in Analyze some of the trends in American family life currently being American family life currently being examined by sociologists. examined by sociologists.

Family SystemsFamily Systems

• Nuclear Family- one or both parents Nuclear Family- one or both parents and the childrenand the children

• Family of orientation- nuclear family Family of orientation- nuclear family into which a person is born or into which a person is born or adoptedadopted

Family SystemsFamily Systems

• Family of procreation- new nuclear Family of procreation- new nuclear family consisting of the individual, family consisting of the individual, spouse and their childrenspouse and their children

• Extended family- two or more Extended family- two or more generations, includes grandparents, generations, includes grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins, etcaunts, uncles, cousins, etc

Norms and Marriage Norms and Marriage Patterns Around the World Patterns Around the World

• Number of marriage partners Number of marriage partners – in – in industrialized nations marriages are industrialized nations marriages are usually monogamous whereas in pre-usually monogamous whereas in pre-industrial societies the normal pattern is industrial societies the normal pattern is polygyny polygyny

• Residential Patterns – Residential Patterns – once individuals are once individuals are married they must decide where to live married they must decide where to live

• Descent Patterns – Descent Patterns – in some societies in some societies people trace kinship through the father’s people trace kinship through the father’s side of the family, in others descent is side of the family, in others descent is traced through the mother’s side of the traced through the mother’s side of the family or through both parents family or through both parents

• Authority Patterns – Authority Patterns – the three basic types the three basic types are are patriarchy, matriarchy patriarchy, matriarchy and and egalitarian egalitarian

Descent PatternsDescent Patterns

patrilineal descentpatrilineal descent

matrilineal descentmatrilineal descent

bilateral descentbilateral descent

Marriage-Partner Patterns monogamy polygamy polygyny polyandry

Residential Patterns patrilocality matrilocality bilocality neolocality

Authority Patterns patriarchy matriarchy egalitarian

Marriage and Kinship Marriage and Kinship PatternsPatterns

• Monogamy- Most industrialized Monogamy- Most industrialized societies, marriage between a man and a societies, marriage between a man and a womanwoman

• Polygamy- marriage with multiple Polygamy- marriage with multiple partnerspartners– Polygyny- man is permitted to take and Polygyny- man is permitted to take and

marry more than one womanmarry more than one woman– Polyandry- woman is permitted to marry Polyandry- woman is permitted to marry

more than one manmore than one man

Residential PatternsResidential Patterns• Patrilocality- Married couple is expected Patrilocality- Married couple is expected

to live with or near husband’s parentsto live with or near husband’s parents• Matrilocality- couple is expected to live Matrilocality- couple is expected to live

near the wife’s parentsnear the wife’s parents• Bilocality- newly married couple can Bilocality- newly married couple can

choose which family they live nearchoose which family they live near• Neolocality- modern industrialized Neolocality- modern industrialized

nations, couple may opt to set up nations, couple may opt to set up residence apart from both familiesresidence apart from both families

Marriage and Family Marriage and Family Formations ws Formations ws

• 1.d1.d• 2.a2.a• 3.m3.m• 4.c4.c• 5.e5.e• 6.k6.k• 7.l7.l

• 8.h8.h• 9.b9.b• 10.i10.i• 11.j11.j• 12.g12.g• 13.f13.f• 14.n 14.n

Functions of the FamilyFunctions of the Family

• Regulate Sexual Activity (avoid Regulate Sexual Activity (avoid incest)incest)

• Reproduction- replace members of Reproduction- replace members of society who diesociety who die

• SocializationSocialization– Family is most important formFamily is most important form– Children learn norms and valuesChildren learn norms and values

Functions of the FamilyFunctions of the Family

• Economic and Emotional SecurityEconomic and Emotional Security– Division of labor between membersDivision of labor between members– Family ensures that its members are Family ensures that its members are

fed, clothed, and housedfed, clothed, and housed– Loving and Caring environmentLoving and Caring environment

Beginnings of the American Family and Disruptions

• Marriage begins with courtship and marriage between either homogamous or heterogamous couples

• Disruptions include family violence, divorce, empty nest, return of adult children and death of a spouse

• 1. You don’t just marry a person; you marry 1. You don’t just marry a person; you marry a familya family

• 2. just being in love is not a good enough 2. just being in love is not a good enough reason to get marriedreason to get married

• 3. look for a spouse with your head, not 3. look for a spouse with your head, not your heartyour heart

• 4. happiness is what people bring to a 4. happiness is what people bring to a marriage, not what the marriage brings to marriage, not what the marriage brings to themthem

• 5. one person could never be all things to 5. one person could never be all things to another person another person

Marital Problems Marital Problems Activity: Activity:

• This exercise poses some problems This exercise poses some problems that could arise in a marriage. that could arise in a marriage.

• Your groups task is to discuss the Your groups task is to discuss the problems involved in your case and problems involved in your case and come up with workable solutions. (7 come up with workable solutions. (7 minutes)minutes)

• Share…Share…

Family DisruptionFamily Disruption

• Family ViolenceFamily Violence– Most devastating for of disruptionMost devastating for of disruption– 1/3 families experience this1/3 families experience this– Child abuse on the rise, in 1999 over Child abuse on the rise, in 1999 over

1,400 died as a result1,400 died as a result– 11% of all murders in 1998 were a 11% of all murders in 1998 were a

result of intimate partner violence (75% result of intimate partner violence (75% victims women)victims women)

Family Violence Emotional, physical, or sexual abuse of one family member

by another • Against women • Women are more likely to be injured by a family

member than to be mugged or raped by a stranger or hurt in an automobile accident.

• All states have marital rape laws; half have “stalking laws.”

• Against children • Child abuse and neglect are most common among

the youngest and most vulnerable children. • Abusers are more likely to be women than men.

Family DisruptionFamily Disruption• DivorceDivorce

– US has highest rate in the worldUS has highest rate in the world– Married teenage couples have highest riskMarried teenage couples have highest risk– Couples who are college educated have less of Couples who are college educated have less of

a chance than non college educateda chance than non college educated– Greater negative economic impactGreater negative economic impact– Women adjust better emotionally (Men higher Women adjust better emotionally (Men higher

likelihood of drug and alcohol use, depression, likelihood of drug and alcohol use, depression, etc)etc)

– 40% of children of divorced couples still 40% of children of divorced couples still struggle 10 yrs laterstruggle 10 yrs later

Divorce Divorce

• In the US, nine out of 10 people will marry. Four in 10 marriages end in divorce. Why?

• Individualism on the rise • Romantic love often subsides. • Women are less dependent upon men. • Many of today’s marriages are stressful. • Divorce is socially acceptable. • Legally, a divorce is easier to get.

Looking Ahead

• Divorce rates remain high.

• More equality between sexes

• All kinds of units will be called families.

• Men will continue to play a limited role in child rearing.

• Many will remain absent from household scenes.

• Economic changes will affect families and reform marriage.

• Less quality time as work demands more from parents

• New reproductive technologies

• Ethical concerns about what can and what should be done

Trends in American Family Trends in American Family LifeLife

Delayed Marriage ( Median Age)Delayed Marriage ( Median Age)– 1890 – Women (22) Men (26.1)1890 – Women (22) Men (26.1)– 1960- Women (20.3) Men (22.8)1960- Women (20.3) Men (22.8)– 2000- Women (25.1) Men (26.8)2000- Women (25.1) Men (26.8)

• current trend is to marry later in life and being single has become an acceptable alternative to being married

• ExplanationsExplanations– Single more socially acceptableSingle more socially acceptable– Education delays marriageEducation delays marriage– Cohabitation w/o marriage is more Cohabitation w/o marriage is more

commoncommon

Trends in American Trends in American Family LifeFamily Life

• Delayed ChildbearingDelayed Childbearing

• women are delaying childbirth to complete their education and establish a career – 1998- 23% of births were to women 30-1998- 23% of births were to women 30-

3434– Sandwich Generation- raising children Sandwich Generation- raising children

and dealing with aging parent issuesand dealing with aging parent issues

Trends in American Trends in American Family LifeFamily Life

• ChildlessnessChildlessness

• couples are making the conscious choice to remain voluntarily childless – On the riseOn the rise– Highly educated, high income couplesHighly educated, high income couples– InfertilityInfertility– Some just chooseSome just choose

• Dual Earner MarriagesDual Earner Marriages

• increase in the number of dual-earner marriages due to the increased number of women entering the workforce

• Dual earner families the normDual earner families the norm– More women are working (61% )More women are working (61% )

Trends in American Trends in American Family LifeFamily Life

• One Parent FamiliesOne Parent Families

• come about in various ways such as divorce, death of a spouse, births to unwed mothers or adoption by unmarried individuals – On the riseOn the rise– Most led by divorced or unwed mothersMost led by divorced or unwed mothers– IssuesIssues

• Stress from responsibility overloadStress from responsibility overload• Task Overload (job, caring for children, home)Task Overload (job, caring for children, home)• Emotional OverloadEmotional Overload

• RemarriageRemarriage– 43% of marriages today, 1 or both partners 43% of marriages today, 1 or both partners

previously marriedpreviously married– Four out of five people who divorce remarry,

most within five years. • Remarriage often creates blended families.

• the majority of people who get divorced about 75 percent get remarried

• Subsequent Divorce – the majority of people who get remarried – about 60 percent – get divorced again

Wedding survey Wedding survey

Mock weddingMock wedding

• 1 couple (bride and 1 couple (bride and groom)groom)

• Pick a theme for your Pick a theme for your wedding….wedding….

• Write your own vows (HW)Write your own vows (HW)• Select best man, maid of Select best man, maid of

honorhonor• Select one other Select one other

bridesmaid/groomsmanbridesmaid/groomsman• Mother and father or the Mother and father or the

bride bride • Mother of the groomMother of the groom

• Wedding coordinatorsWedding coordinatorsIn charge ofIn charge offood/drinks/music/seating food/drinks/music/seating

charts charts

• decorating committeedecorating committeeIn charge of In charge of decorations and set updecorations and set up

• clean-up crewclean-up crewIn charge of In charge of cleaning up cleaning up

… …

Homework:Homework:• Option 1:Option 1:• Ask your parents or a Ask your parents or a

married couple that you feel married couple that you feel close to why they decided to close to why they decided to get married. Was it an easy get married. Was it an easy or difficult decision? What or difficult decision? What were the most difficult were the most difficult adjustments to marriage? adjustments to marriage? What advice would they give What advice would they give all couples considering all couples considering marriage today? Record marriage today? Record their responses. their responses.

• Option 2:Option 2:• Write your own marriage Write your own marriage

vows. Include important vows. Include important matters in marriage. How do matters in marriage. How do your vows compare to your vows compare to traditional wedding vows.traditional wedding vows.

• Option 3:Option 3:• Choose another culture and Choose another culture and

research its dating and research its dating and marriage patterns. Include the marriage patterns. Include the cultural items and traits of the cultural items and traits of the marriage ceremony, the norms marriage ceremony, the norms of dating, the roles of each of dating, the roles of each spouse, and the cultures spouse, and the cultures attitudes concerning divorce. attitudes concerning divorce.

• Option 4: Option 4: • You have $25,000 (average You have $25,000 (average

cost in the US) to plan your cost in the US) to plan your own weddingown wedding

• Include things like dress (don’t Include things like dress (don’t forget to budget for forget to budget for alterations) or tux rental, alterations) or tux rental, photos/video, flowers, photos/video, flowers, catering, venue for catering, venue for ceremony/reception, ceremony/reception, entertainment, honeymoon…..entertainment, honeymoon…..

Final Project Final Project

• You will create a photo-book assignment:You will create a photo-book assignment:• You will take a picture that represents You will take a picture that represents

something you learned or found interesting in something you learned or found interesting in sociology. You will then tell why you chose to sociology. You will then tell why you chose to take the photo the way you did and how it take the photo the way you did and how it relates to sociology …(see my sample)relates to sociology …(see my sample)

• Then you will write a comment on 2 other Then you will write a comment on 2 other students picturesstudents pictures

• I will have directions for this project next I will have directions for this project next class, for now just think about what you may class, for now just think about what you may want to do…want to do…