Welcome

to the

29th Annual Conference of the

Southern African Institute for Industrial Engineering

PROGRAMME AND ABSTRACT BOOK

24 - 26 October 2018

Spier Stellenbosch, South Africa

SAIIE

Momentum is part of MMI Group Limited, an authorised financial services (FSP6406) and registered credit (NCRC173) provider.

Your world never stops turning.It’s called Momentum.

Do you want to be a Momentum Maker?

With many interesting challenges and exciting opportunities, our processes and systems are designed with the customer in mind. Have the chance to apply your Industrial Engineering skills in the financial services and insurance industry, with Momentum, Metropolitan, Multiply and other brands.

Visit our website for vacancies http://www.mmiholdings.co.za/en/careers

At MMI we are passionate about making things simpler, quicker and more efficient to benefit our customers.

CONTENTS

Welcoming note from the organising committee .............................................................. 5

General Information .......................................................................................................... 6

Committees ........................................................................................................................ 8

Information for Speakers and Chairs ................................................................................ 12

Acknowledgement of Sponsors, Partners & Exhibitors ................................................... 14

Keynote Speakers .............................................................................................................. 16

Workshops ....................................................................................................................... 18

Programme ...................................................................................................................... 23

List of Posters ................................................................................................................... 31

Abstracts (per session)

Keynote abstracts ..................................................................................................... 32

Session 1: Engineering Management ....................................................................... 33

Session 2: Quality Management, Reliability & Maintenance ................................... 34

Session 3: Data Management ................................................................................... 36

Session 4: Manufacturing Environment .................................................................... 37

Session 5: Engineering Management ....................................................................... 38

Session 6: Supply Chain Management ....................................................................... 39

Session 7: Enterprise Engineering .............................................................................. 40

Session 8: Industrial Engineering in the Health Sector .............................................. 40

Session 9: Engineering Management ........................................................................ 41

Session 10: Industrial Engineering in Mining ............................................................ 42

Session 11: Simulation and Operations Research ...................................................... 43

Session 12: Railway Engineering ............................................................................... 44

Session 13: Engineering Management ...................................................................... 45

Session 14: Supply Chain Management ..................................................................... 47

Session 15: Simulation and Operations Research ..................................................... 49

Session 16: Industrial Engineering in the Health Sector ............................................ 50

Session 17: Engineering Management ...................................................................... 52

Session 18: Project Development & Management .................................................... 53

Session 19: Data Management.................................................................................. 55

Session 20: Industrial Engineering in the Health Sector ............................................ 56

Posters ...................................................................................................................... 58

Notes ......................................................................................................................... 61

3

Define tomorrow.universityof south africa

Don’t be left out! Apply to study Engineering at the University of South Africa and enjoy the opportunity to use our State-of-the-art laboratories.

Through open distance learning (ODL), the School of Engineering offers National Diploma and BTech courses in Engineering to students who are interested in becoming professional technicians or technologists in the following disciplines:

National Diploma Engineering: Mechanical [NDEMC] Engineering: Industrial [NDENI] Engineering: Chemical [NDECE] Engineering: Electrical: Electronics and Electronic Communication

[NDEEN- EEC] Engineering: Electrical: Power Engineering [NDEEN - PEN] Engineering: Electrical: Mechatronics [NDEEN - MEC] Engineering: Electrical: Clinical Engineering [NDEEN - CEN] Engineering: Electrical: Computer Systems [NDEEN - COS] Engineering: Electrical: Process Instrumentation [NDEEN - PIN] Engineering: Mining [NDMIN] Engineering: Civil [NDECI]

Baccalaureus Technologiae Engineering: Mechanical [BTMEE] Engineering: Industrial [BTENI] Engineering: Chemical [BTENC] Engineering: Chemical: Environmental [BTECE] Engineering: Electrical: Power [BTELN-PEN] Engineering: Electrical: Process Instrumentation [BTELN-PIN] Engineering: Electrical: Telecommunications [BTELN-TEL] Engineering: Electrical: Computer Systems [BTELN-COS] Engineering: Electrical: Clinical [BTELN-CEN] Engineering: Civil: Structural [BTECV-STR] Engineering: Civil: Water [BTECV-WAT] Engineering: Civil: Environmental [BTECV-ENV] Engineering: Civil: Urban[BTECV-URB]

Join us as a student, and develop yourself into a professional.It is important to note that the National Diploma and BTech has practical Modules that have residential requirements (on campus for a number of days) as well as work-integrated learning that requires students to be placed in industry for up to a year.

For admission requirementsPlease refer to the MyChoice brochure or Visit www.unisa.ac.za/cset

E-mail: cset@unisa.ac.za

College of Science, Engineering and Technology

School of Engineering

WELCOMING NOTE

A heartfelt welcome to all who have accepted the invitation to the journey of steering the 4th Industrial Revolution, starting right here in the spectacular setting of the Cape Winelands! There is a Chinese curse that rings “May you live in interesting times”. However valid it has been to each generation, it is prominent now at this critical junction of technology, industry and society. Industrial Engineering professionals find themselves intrinsically positioned to play a critical role to enable the optimal impact of the potential benefits. As you turn through the pages of this book, we trust that the same sense of excitement we have experienced in putting together the conference will transfer to you who are attending it. With a balance of international and local, academic and industry keynote speakers, wide-ranging workshop topics and incredibly diverse tracks of academic and industry contributions, there is indeed no shortage of content to keep your mind fully engaged, primed to propel your thoughts to the future. In upholding a well-balanced program, directly after the poster session on Wednesday, you will find the inclusion of our popular wind-down Cocktail evening, as well as the hit Conference Dinner on Thursday where the Spier winemaker and chef will take us on a delectable food and wine pairing journey. Lastly, we also look forward to recognising excellence at the SAIIE29 prize giving, which will conclude our program on Friday afternoon. We encourage you to join in celebrating the achievements of your fellow Industrial Engineering professionals! Within these pages, you will find the names of people, companies and institutes that have dedicated themselves to the success of this conference! Find them, thank them, network with them. It is of the utmost importance that the Industrial Engineering community has strong bonds. Their work inspires us to share our passions, to continue dedicating hours and resources to the creation and development of the endeavours of this community! It is our sincere hope that, during this conference, you will discover just how impactful your work as an Industrial Engineering professional can be, across a broad range of industries, affecting people of every social status. May the lessons learnt here linger long after you have returned home, revitalised and driven to continue contributing! Immerse yourself in SAIIE29! The SAIIE29 Organising Committee

Jacques, Corné, Lynette & Thereza

5

GENERAL INFORMATION

Venues Auditorium: plenary sessions Simonsberg: breakaways, workshops and conference dinner Stellenberg: breakaways Old Wine Cellar: breakaways and workshops Foyer: exhibitions, cocktail reception, refreshments and lunch

Internet facilities Wireless Internet is available at the conference centre and is free of charge. Username: saiie Password: 241018

Social Programme Wednesday 24 October 2018 18:00 Cocktail reception Venue Foyer Thursday 25 October 2018 19:00 Gala dinner Venue Simonsberg Rooms Please note that the dinner is only for delegates who have booked and paid for the dinner in advance. At the official functions (cocktail and conference dinner), wine, beers and soft drinks will be complimentary. All other drinks will be for the account of the delegates.

Presentations Please refer to instructions in INFORMATION FOR SPEAKERS AND SESSION CHAIRS. Student assistants will be available to assist presenters with the loading of their presentations.

CPD validation (SAIIE / CPD / I / 03-18) The SAIIE29 conference has been registered with ECSA for CPD (Continuing Professional Development) accreditation through 3 validation points (30 hours), 1 point per day. Delegates who would like to get a CPD certificate should mark the relevant column on the attendance register and must also make sure that they sign the attendance register every day. CPD points awarded will be based on the number of days delegates have signed. Please also supply the conference secretariat with your ECSA registration number or your ID number, if you have not done that yet. CPD certificates can be downloaded from the SAIIE website after the conference.

Conference Proceedings An electronic copy of the Conference proceedings is supplied to all delegates on a flash disk upon registration.

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Delegate list The delegate list with contact details of attendants is available on the flash disk in your delegate pack.

Name tags Please wear your name tag at all times to gain access to the conference venues and functions.

Presentation Rating Forms You will find some Presentation Rating Forms in your delegate pack. Please use this to rate each of the lectures you attend and hand it in at the Registration desk after each session. The best presenter will be announced in the Closing session on Friday afternoon.

Twitter competition Follow us @saiieconnect on twitter. Tweet vigorously and with enthusiasm, as we will be awarding a prize to the best tweet from a delegate at SAIIE29. Share your views of presentations (be nice) and tell other delegates what they’re missing out on.

Conference secretariat Please feel free to contact either the conference secretariat or members of the organising committee should you have any problems. Thereza Botha +27 (0)83 375 7373 Lynette Pieterse +27 (0)83 652 3439 The conference secretariat will be available for any queries or assistance during conference hours.

We hope you enjoy SAIIE29 in the Winelands of Stellenbosch!

7

ORGANISING COMMITTEE

Jacques Fauré (Chair) Fortna

Corné Schutte Stellenbosch University

Lynette Pieterse SAIIE and SAJIE Administrator

Thereza Botha TechnoScene (Pty) Ltd

EDITORIAL COMMITTEE Corné Schutte (Chair) SAJIE Editor (SAIIE29 Shortlist Selection),Stellenbosch University

Stephan Snyman Stellenbosch University

REVIEW PANEL Stephen Adeyemi

Vaal University of Technology, South Africa

Sanat Agrawal Jaypee University of Engineering and Technology, India

Alfayo Anyika Alugongo Vaal University of Technology, South Africa

Adetoye Ayokunle Aribisala Federal University, Nigeria

Ridge McGibbon Armstrong Stellenbosch University, South Africa

Wouter Bam Stellenbosch University, South Africa

Louzanne Bam Stellenbosch University, South Africa

Toussaint Victor Bamporiki Stellenbosch University, South Africa

Jean-Claude Munyaka Baraka Durban University of Technology, South Africa

James Bekker Stellenbosch University, South Africa

Tshegofatso Bele Vaal University of Technology, South Africa

Blaise Ebouele Benga Bolan Vaal University of Technology, South Africa

Henda Besselaar Stellenbosch University, South Africa

Vivek Bhagwan Stellenbosch University, South Africa

Walter Booysen North-West University, South Africa

Stephen Bosman Cape Peninsula University of Technology, South Africa

Jessica Botes Stellenbosch University, South Africa

Jozine Botha University of Pretoria, South Africa

Anthon Botha TechnoScene (Pty) Ltd, South Africa

Hendrik Gideon Brand North-West University, South Africa

Jana Breedt Eskom Holdings SOC Ltd, South Africa

Alan Brent Stellenbosch University, South Africa & Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand

Rhett Desmond Butler Stellenbosch University, South Africa

Kristy Campbell North-West University, South Africa

Sylvester Tatenda Chatukuta Stellenbosch University, South Africa

Kudzanayi Chiteka Harare Institute of Technology, Zimbabwe

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Charl Cilliers North-West University, South Africa

Jacques Coetzee University of Pretoria, South Africa

Rojanette Coetzee North-West University, South Africa

Pieter Conradie Fourier Approach, South Africa

Pieter Conradie Stellenbosch University, South Africa

Oliver Damm Stellenbosch University, South Africa

Hasan Darwish North-West University, South Africa

Edward Davies Nelson Mandela University, South Africa

Imke de Kock Stellenbosch University, South Africa

Jeanne-Mari de Villiers Stellenbosch University, South Africa

Marné De Vries University of Pretoria, South Africa

Mendon Dewa Durban University of Technology, South Africa

Wesley Emile Dharmalingum University of Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa

Theuns Dirkse van Schalkwyk Stellenbosch University, South Africa

Marno Du Plessis Stellenbosch University, South Africa

Anli Du Preez Stellenbosch University, South Africa

Willie Du Preez Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, South Africa

Jacques du Toit Spatialedge (Pty) Ltd, South Africa

Jarred Durbach University of Witwatersrand, South Africa

Zandaline Els Stellenbosch University, South Africa

Neels Fourie Stellenbosch University, South Africa

Lyndall Fourie University of Pretoria, South Africa

Matt Simon Futcher University of Witwatersrand, South Africa

Pieter Goosen North-West University, South Africa

Andries Gustav Stephanus Gous North-West University, South Africa

Sara S (Saartjie) Grobbelaar Stellenbosch University, South Africa

Jacomine Grobler University of Pretoria, South Africa

Hendrik Johannes Groenewald North-West University, South Africa

Devon Hagedorn-Hansen Stellenbosch University, South Africa

Waldt Hamer North-West University, South Africa

Li Hao Northwestern Polytechnical University, China

Dieter Hartmann Hazaa! Consulting, South Africa

Teresa Hattingh University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa

Mieke Henning Stellenbosch University, South Africa

Matthew Ray Higgo Stellenbosch University, South Africa

Biancé Huysamen Stellenbosch University, South Africa

Christianah Olakitan Ijagbemi Tshwane University of Technology, South Africa

John Mosokeikome Vaal University of Technology, South Africa

Wyhan Jooste Stellenbosch University, South Africa

Bronwyn Joubert Stellenbosch University, South Africa

Lélani Joubert Stellenbosch University, South Africa

André Joubert Vaal University of Technology, South Africa

Denzil Kennon Stellenbosch University, South Africa

Sumarie Koetsier Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, South Africa

Eduan Kotze University of the Free State, South Africa

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Gerrit Kotze Sasol Mining, South Africa

Paul Kruger University of Pretoria, South Africa

Wouter Jacobus Kühn Stellenbosch University, South Africa

Daniel Petrus Lotter Stellenbosch University, South Africa

Ann S Lourens Nelson Mandela University, South Africa

Louis Louw Stellenbosch University, South Africa

Ruan Luies North-West University, South Africa

Kate Perry Lusiba Durban University of Technology, South Africa

Eric Lutters University of Twente, The Netherlands

Gideon Jacobus Maasz Master Drilling Group, South Africa

Whisper Maisiri North-West University, South Africa

Vusumuzi Malele Tshwane University of Technology, South Africa

Johannes Bekane Mapokgole Vaal University of Technology, South Africa

Newton Mapowo Stellenbosch University, South Africa

John Jostinus Mashala South African Production and Inventory Control Society, South Africa

Lodrina Masiyazi Harare Institute of Technology, Zimbabwe

Stephen Matope Stellenbosch University, South Africa

Andrew Meyer Logistic & Mechanical Services, South Africa

Samson Mhlanga National University of Science and Technology, Zimbabwe

Mellet Moll Cape Peninsula University of Technology, South Africa

Kenneth Moodley Unilever, South Africa

Mphegolle Ephraim Moshidi North-West University, South Africa

Zanele Promise Mpanza University of Johannesburg, South Africa

Khumbulani Mpofu Tshwane University of Technology, South Africa

Josephine Musango Stellenbosch University, South Africa

Michael Mutingi Namibia University of Science & Technology, Namibia

Andrew Kisten Naicker Durban University of Technology, South Africa

Coenraad Josephus Nel Stellenbosch University, South Africa

Diaan Nell North-West University, South Africa

Francis Nturanabo Vaal University of Technology, South Africa

Hamieda Parker University of Cape Town, South Africa

Pieter FH Peach North-West University, South Africa

Jimoh Pedro University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa

Nalini Sooknanan Pillay Eskom Holdings SOC Ltd, South Africa

Leon Pretorius University of Pretoria, South Africa

Jan Harm Pretorius University of Johannesburg, South Africa

Jaco Prinsloo North-West University, South Africa

Kemlall Ramsaroop Ramdass UNISA, South Africa

Colin Arthur Saffy University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa

Monique Liana Schoombie Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, South Africa

Corné Schutte Stellenbosch University, South Africa

Vishal Shrivastava Operations Research Society of South Africa (ORSSA) , South Africa

Vennan Sibanda Tshwane University of Technology, South Africa

Kgomotso Simango North-West University, South Africa

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Akshay Pradeep Singh University of KwaZulu Natal, South Africa

Stephan Snyman Stellenbosch University, South Africa

Henrietta Steenkamp University of Johannesburg, South Africa

Herman Steyn University of Pretoria, South Africa

Arnesh Telukdarie University of Johannesburg, South Africa

Thomas Bobga Tengen Vaal University of Technology, South Africa

Fanie Terblanche North-West University, South Africa

Victoria Val Thomas Stellenbosch University, South Africa

Andre Francois Van Der Merwe Stellenbosch University, South Africa

Karl Robert van der Merwe Nelson Mandela University, South Africa

Johannes Hendrik van der Merwe University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa

Liezl Van Dyk North-West University, South Africa

Wynand Van Dyk Stellenbosch University, South Africa

Joubert van Eeden Stellenbosch University, South Africa

Quintin Van Heerden Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, South Africa

Stephan van Jaarsveld North-West University, South Africa

Nina Louise van Rooyen Pragma, South Africa

Chris Van Schoor Institute for Business Efficiency, South Africa

Jan H van Vuuren Stellenbosch University, South Africa

Brian John Van Vuuren Stellenbosch University, South Africa

Maria Van Zyl North-West University, South Africa

Ilse Van Zyl Stellenbosch University, South Africa

Nadia Millis Viljoen Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, South Africa

Jacobus Krige Visser University of Pretoria, South Africa

PJ Vlok Stellenbosch University, South Africa

Konrad von Leipzig Stellenbosch University, South Africa

Marisa Walters Stellenbosch University, South Africa

Dafeng Xu University of Pretoria, South Africa

Sarma VenkataSeshachalaYadavalli University of Pretoria, South Africa

Philani Nduna Zincume Stellenbosch University, South Africa

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INFORMATION FOR SPEAKERS AND CHAIRS

Speakers

Before your presentation slot: o The programme is divided in sessions with themes, and there are typically 3-5

presentations grouped together in a session. o Please load your presentation on the laptop in the room where you will be

presenting during the break before your session. o A student has been allocated to the room to assist you in loading your presentation.

The assistant will also indicate to you when you have 5 minutes (green), 2 minutes (yellow) and 1 minute (red) of your presentation left.

o If you want to use your own laptop, please test it during the break to make sure that it is working properly with the projection equipment.

o Introduce yourself to the Session Chair.

During the presentation: o Keep your presentation to 15 minutes, and use the remainder of the time to

respond to questions and do the change-over between speakers. o Please keep to the allocated time. If a session runs late, it disrupts all the other

parallel sessions as well.

After the presentation: o Please leave your presentation on the laptop provided – we would like to load the

presentations on the SAIIE website after the conference.

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Session Chairs

Firstly, thank you for agreeing to be a session chair. Your role will be to keep the session on track and to facilitate a short discussion at the end of the session. Chairs are encouraged to make connections between papers and facilitate a meaningful debate or discussion that enhances the experience of the audience.

Before the presentation: o Meet the speakers during the break before the session. We have included a list of all

authors and short biosketches in this book for delegates to read more about the presenters.

o Start each presentation exactly on time. This is to allow delegates who may want to swap between tracks to enter the room. (Do not start early).

o If a presenters is not present, please use the time slot for discussions and start with the next presentation at the time indicated on the programme.

Introduce the speaker.

During the presentation: o Allow the speaker 15 minutes, and indicate to him when the time has expired. The

student allocated to the room will assist in keeping time. o If the speaker seems uncertain during questions, please assist him/her with

facilitation.

After the presentation: o Thank the speaker o Allow delegates to leave the room should they wish to attend another session. o Start with the next speaker on time.

SAIIE29 would like to thank the following sponsors, partners

and exhibitors for their generous support

ACADEMIC

PARTNER

PLATINUM

SPONSOR

GOLD

SPONSOR

BRONZE

SPONSOR

BAG SPONSOR

EXHIBITORS

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CORPORATE

PARTNERS

ASSOCIATION

PARTNER

15

KEYNOTE SPEAKERS

Dr ir Eric Lutter

University of Twente, The Netherlands Dr Eric Lutters was educated as a Mechanical Engineer at the University of Twente. He continued to work at the University of Twente as an assistant professor. During this professorship he was given the opportunity to formulate his PhD project. He finished his PhD in 2001 on the thesis ‘Manufacturing integration based on Information Management’. He currently holds a position as an associate professor at the Faculty of Engineering Technology at the University of Twente in the Netherlands. Next to this, he is a scientific board member of the Fraunhofer Project Center at the University of Twente. Additionally, he is a Professor Extraordinary at the Department of Industrial Engineering at the Stellenbosch University in South Africa.

Marang Marekimane

Business Process Mechanics, South Africa Founder – Business Process Mechanics

Managing Partner – Lean Business Platform Marang Marekimane is the founder of Business Process Mechanics, assisting entrepreneurs to review their business models and automate business processes to build sustainable businesses. In 2018 Marang joined Lean Business South Africa as a Managing Partner –a tech start-up providing an innovative tool to track investments in developing small and medium sized enterprises (SME). The platform hosts data that can be used to develop products and services for SMEs while providing insights on the sector. As part of Designathon Works in South Africa, Marang assists entrepreneurs to develop and commercialise innovative products and

services. Some of these designathons are with children as young as 7 years old. She was previously a Management Consultant for banks and insurances companies such as FNB, Standard Bank and Liberty.

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Prof Wikus van Niekerk

Faculty of Engineering, Stellenbosch University South Africa

Prof Wikus van Niekerk is a Professor in the Department of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering and Director of the Centre for Renewable and Sustainable Energy Studies at Stellenbosch University. He is registered as a Professional Engineer with the Engineering Council of South Africa (registration no. 940462), and currently evaluated by the NRF as a C2 internationally recognised researcher. He is regularly consulted by industry on a variety of areas including noise and vibration, especially human response to noise and vibration, NVH, vehicle dynamics, renewable energy systems and wave energy. He completed his PhD on the active control of transient noise transmission at the University of California at Berkeley, working on a project for Mazda Corp

and is currently doing research in human response to noise and vibration, seat transmissibility and its effect on automotive NVH, sound quality and optimal design of seats for novel applications. He has a keen interest in wave energy and is investigating the exploitation of wave energy along the southwest coast of South Africa.

Prof Dietmar Theis

Technical University Munich Germany

Dr. Dietmar Theis obtained his doctoral degree in Solid State Physics from

the Technical University Berlin.

He joined Siemens´ Research Laboratories in Munich where he worked on

optoelectronics, flat panel displays and power semiconductors. He was

responsible for internal R&D marketing communication, R&D policy,

government relations and university liaisons. He edited the Siemens R&D

Journal “Pictures of the Future” and was involved in the company´s

technical foresight activities. Dr. Theis lectured at the Technical University

of Munich and later was appointed Honorary Professor. He served as an

R&D advisor to the CEO and the Head of the Supervisory Board of Siemens.

In 2008 Dr. Theis retired from Siemens and now pursues his professional life as a consultant to high-tech

companies and scientific and engineering associations. At the university he continues teaching about flat

panel display technologies and he keeps contributing to European Foresight Projects.

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WORKSHOPS

Clemens Dempers

Blue Stallion Technologies Clemens Dempers obtained his BSc and Honors degrees from Stellenbosch University and then completed an MSc in physics at the University of Natal. While pursuing his post-graduate studies, he became involved in importing technical and scientific software and was involved with a number of software and consulting companies before starting Blue Stallion Technologies in 2001. Blue Stallion have the sole agency for a number of products including Wolfram Mathematica, Lingo and Anylogic. He is currently enrolled in a PhD at the University of Pretoria with the Industrial Engineering department.

He has been involved in a number of consulting projects, both in South Africa and internationally. Workshop: Exploring Wolfram Multi-paradigm data science Data Science, Neural Networks, Machine Learning, Internet of Things (IOT), Natural Language Interface - these are all very popular terms mentioned in literature and even popular press. Join us for a practical workshop where we provide practical examples and interactive applications covering these technologies, with the emphasis on how it can assist the OR professional, Data Scientist, or Industrial Engineer with their research or projects. We will use the Wolfram Technical computing platform, from Wolfram Research USA, allowing participants to focus on principles and applications rather than getting bogged down with low-level coding. Wolfram proposes an interesting vision of giving the practitioner a multi-paradigm approach, drawing on multiple disciplines within one integrated environment. One can combine GIS information with statistical methods to create interactive dashboards, or use image analysis and machine learning techniques to read instrumentation remotely, and then do automated carbon footprint calculations.

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Rose Heathcote

CEO, Lean Institute Africa Rose Heathcote is Lean Institute Africa’s CEO. She is dedicated to

helping African organisations advance their learning and application

in Lean Thinking. For more than 20 years, she has focused on raising

the performance of enterprises in most industry sectors in Africa,

Middle East, UK and India through the integration of Lean

techniques into a management system to ultimately create a Lean

culture . She has been privileged to work with 100+ companies,

from micro through to large internationals, supporting them with:

– Strategy and Execution in Lean Thinking

– Corporate and Individual Learning and Development

Rose has a background in Industrial Engineering and is the author of ‘Clear Direction’ and ‘Making a

Difference’.

Workshop: Cutting Edge Lean Thinking An evolutionary journey to enhancing global competitiveness

When we talk Lean, we begin with the Purpose of the organisation and interrogate how it delivers

value to its customers. This opens up our perspective on “the problem we’re trying to solve” and

gives clarity to capability building and process improvement needed to take the organisation to the

next level. It also makes us think about the basic underlying principles and the current management

system, and how this will need to develop over time to help the organisation survive and thrive. But

how does this change as we enter a new era of working? A new age? Join me for a practical,

interactive workshop where I will share with you our perspective on Lean and how this is likely to

evolve over time.

Ms Sisakunga Pasiya

MMI Holdings (Multiply)

Sisakunga has an Industrial Engineering degree obtained at TUT and is Six Sigma Green Belt certified through BMGI. Sisakunga has 8 years working experience which she gained through working in multiple industries such as manufacturing and banking fulfilling various roles and skills. She has recently joined MMI as a Continuous Improvement Specialist. She has applied herself various projects using Lean Six Sigma and Agile principles and methodologies. She strives for high performance and achievements in continuous improvement by through adding value to business (cost saving,

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time and process), ensuring that businesses are efficient and effective in their performance and operations.

Workshop: The quest for operational excellence Why is it that some companies are more innovative, have more loyal customers and more engaged employees? What do they do differently? Simon Sinek says that all the great and inspiring leaders and companies take inspiration from knowing why they exist, not what they do or how they do it. The why is the driver for everything you do, this controls behaviour. People don’t buy what you do, they buy why you do it. If your employees and customers understand why you do what you do, they trust you, they become loyal and their behaviour proves this. But where do we then start if things don’t go as we assume it should? And how do we get to be the company that defies all of the assumptions? If you look at the law of diffusion of innovation, there is a tipping point which you need to cross to take your business to the next level. But how do you close the gap to get to the other side of that tipping point? How do you change the setup and way of work in an organisation that started in an era that is very different from the one in which we have to operate now? How are traditional roles and titles impacted to move from specialised functions to cross-functional teams? What is required to function in an era of digital disruption? Multiply has embarked on a journey to challenge some aspects of the conventional corporate culture in a quest for operational excellence. This includes the way in which the focus of existing employees are aligned, how new employees are on boarded into the business, the implementation of meeting free days in the midst of meeting filled days and allowing people the opportunity to play to their strengths on a daily basis in cross-functional teams. The opportunities to move towards execution excellence are limitless! You just need to take a step back to get some perspective and start moving forward.

Dr Harry Teifel

Progressus

Harry is a specialist in initiating, designing and supporting Strategy

with a particular focus on ensuring the alignment between Business

outcomes, Technology and Enterprise Systems. Harry has extensive

experience in Strategy and Technology having worked in various

roles and having being responsible for Strategy in local and

overseas organisations. He has supported a great number of

organisations in dealing with complex strategic and business issues

– with Technology usually playing a key role in the solution

formulated. Harry has inter alia worked in the IT, FMCG,

Automotive, Rail, Logistics and Aerospace / Defence Sectors.

EDUCATION

Bachelor of Industrial Engineering (UP)

Master or Commerce (RAU)

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Doctor of Commerce (RAU)

Certification as IBM Professional Consultant

MEMBERSHIP

International Council of Systems Engineering (INCOSE)

PUBLICATIONS AND OTHER MEDIA

Harry has published articles or appeared in other Media related to the 4thIndustrial Revolution for

the following: Financial Mail, Business Day TV, ENCA TV and Engineering News.

Workshop: 4th Industrial Revolution: Implications and Implementation Roadmap for organisations

The 4th Industrial Revolution is set to dramatically change the way most organisations operate and

holds both tremendous opportunities and risks. The adoption of 4IR Technologies and –Best

Practices is not an automatic process, but requires dedicated focus and investments. Given the

multiple factors considered and the need for 4IR to be approached with optimal business /

organisation outcomes there is a need for organisations to be well prepared and build the necessary

competence and capacity.

Attend his workshop if you wish to:

• Understand the key aspects to be considered in developing and leading a 4IR Strategy

initiative from an Industrial / Systems Engineering perspective

• Learn about an approach to assess and determine the value-add of 4IR-related Disruptive

Technologies as part of the 4IR Strategy process

• Learn from case-studies on how the potential of Technology is converted into value for

companies

Benefits of attending:

Brief overview of 4IR and implications for companies /organisations

Systems Engineering and Industrial Engineering perspective of 4IR related to such technologies as

Product Life Cycle Management tools, Digitial Twinning and Industrial Internet of Things (IioT)

Categorisation of 4IR into primary response approaches

Overview of primary Disruptive Technologies and areas of value-add

Key principles / concepts to know in a 4IR environment

Major areas of business benefits to be pursued through 4IR Technologies

Business Enterprise System implications arising from 4IR

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KEY

NO

TE A

DD

RES

S

THE

DIG

ITA

L TR

AN

SFO

RM

ATI

ON

: CH

AN

CES

AN

D C

HA

LLEN

GES

IN IN

DU

STR

Y 4

.0 A

ND

BEY

ON

D

Pro

f D

ietm

ar T

hei

s

10:

00

KEY

NO

TE A

DD

RES

S

TO F

OLL

OW

OR

LEA

D –

AT

WH

AT

EX

PEN

SE

Mar

ang

Mar

ekim

ane

10:

50

TEA

/CO

FFEE

Fo

yer

Ven

ue

A

ud

ito

riu

m

Sim

on

sber

g

Stel

len

ber

g

Old

Win

e C

ella

r

Them

e 1

. En

gin

eeri

ng

Man

agem

ent

2. Q

ual

ity

Man

age

me

nt,

R

elia

bili

ty &

Mai

nte

nan

ce

3. D

ata

Man

agem

en

t 4

. M

anu

fact

uri

ng

Envi

ron

me

nt

Ch

air

Wal

ter

Bo

oys

en

PJ

Vlo

k Q

uin

tin

van

Hee

rden

Th

om

as T

enge

n

11:

20

PR

AC

TIC

AL

AP

PLI

CA

TIO

N O

F A

N

OB

JEC

TIV

E M

ETH

OD

OLO

GY

TO

EVA

LUA

TE IN

DU

STR

IAL

ENER

GY

EFFI

CIE

NC

Y M

OD

ELS

FOR

TH

E R

SA

SEC

TIO

N 1

2L

TAX

INC

ENTI

VE

(L

ee-A

nn

Bo

tes*

) [R

ef:3

581

]

DEV

ELO

PIN

G A

MO

DEL

TO

O

VER

CO

ME

THE

OR

GA

NIS

ATI

ON

AL

CO

MM

UN

ICA

TIO

N D

EFIC

IEN

CIE

S B

ETW

EEN

STA

KEH

OLD

ERS

IN T

HE

ASS

ET M

AN

AG

EMEN

T IN

DU

STR

Y (N

ina

van

Ro

oye

n*,

Jo

han

nes

Jo

ost

e)

[Ref

:37

65

]

A D

ATA

QU

ALI

TY E

VA

LUA

TIO

N

FRA

MEW

OR

K F

OR

IND

UST

RIA

L EN

ERG

Y EF

FIC

IEN

CY

REP

OR

TIN

G

(Wal

dt

Ham

er*,

Wal

ter

Bo

oys

en,

Edw

ard

Mat

hew

s) [

Ref

:35

87

]

ENER

GY

CO

ST R

EDU

CTI

ON

IN

SEC

ON

DA

RY

STEE

L M

AK

ING

TH

RO

UG

H IM

PR

OV

ED

PR

OD

UC

TIO

N P

LAN

NIN

G

(Wie

han

Pel

ser*

) [R

ef:3

59

8]

11:

45

DEV

ELO

PM

ENT

OF

AN

A

SSU

RA

NC

E FR

AM

EWO

RK

FO

R

SOU

TH A

FRIC

AN

CA

RB

ON

TA

X

(An

dri

es G

ou

s*)

[Ref

:358

2]

CO

NTI

NU

OU

S EV

ALU

ATI

ON

OF

OP

ERA

TIO

NA

L R

ISK

S O

N D

EEP

-

LEV

EL M

INE

EQU

IPM

ENT

(Ste

ph

an v

an J

aars

veld

*, W

ihan

van

Ble

rk,

Joh

ann

es M

arai

s,

Pie

ter

Go

ose

n)

[Ref

:36

04

]

USI

NG

DA

TA-D

RIV

EN A

NA

LYTI

CS

TO D

EVEL

OP

A M

ATE

RIA

L B

ALA

NC

E O

VER

FER

RO

CH

RO

ME

FUR

NA

CES

(

Kri

sty

Cam

pb

ell*

, W

alte

r B

oo

ysen

, M

ariu

s K

lein

geld

) [R

ef:3

61

0]

A R

ECO

NFI

GU

RA

BLE

RO

BO

TIC

EN

D E

FFEC

TOR

FO

R M

AC

HIN

ING

A

ND

PA

RT

HA

ND

LIN

G

(C

lyd

ene

Red

dy*

) [R

ef:3

83

7]

22

12:

10

A S

YSTE

MS

AP

PR

OA

CH

TO

SU

STA

IN R

SA S

ECTI

ON

12L

TA

X

INC

ENTI

VE

PR

OJE

CTS

(W

alte

r B

oo

ysen

*) [

Ref

:357

4]

IMP

LEM

ENTI

NG

A R

EMO

TE

CO

ND

ITIO

N M

ON

ITO

RIN

G

SYST

EM F

OR

SO

UTH

AFR

ICA

N

GO

LD M

INES

(A

nto

nie

Sto

ls*)

[R

ef:3

76

0]

CO

NC

EPTU

AL

EVA

LUA

TIO

N T

OO

L FO

R A

SSES

SIN

G T

HE

CO

MP

AN

Y R

EAD

INES

S LE

VEL

TO

IMP

LEM

ENT

AN

ER

P S

OLU

TIO

N A

S A

STE

PP

ING

ST

ON

E FO

R T

HE

4TH

IND

UST

RIA

L R

EVO

LUTI

ON

(J

oh

ann

es O

ber

ho

lzer

, Le

ri

Bez

uid

enh

ou

t*)

[Ref

:35

48

]

RO

OT

CA

USE

AN

ALY

SIS

FOR

RED

UC

TIO

N O

F W

AST

E O

N

RU

BB

ER C

AB

LES

(Men

do

n D

ewa*

) [R

ef:3

78

3]

12:

35

A R

ISK

MA

NA

GEM

ENT

STR

ATE

GY

TO ID

ENTI

FY A

ND

PR

IOR

ITIS

E FA

CTO

RS

AFF

ECTI

NG

IND

UST

RY'

S C

AR

BO

N T

AX

(J

anin

e B

oo

ysen

*) [

Ref

:35

73]

A M

OD

EL F

OR

TH

E R

ELA

TIO

NSH

IP

BET

WEE

N S

UST

AIN

AB

ILIT

Y A

ND

OP

ERA

TIO

NS

STR

ATE

GY

PER

FOR

MA

NC

E O

F A

WA

TER

UTI

LITY

IN S

OU

TH A

FRIC

A

(Mth

un

zi L

ush

ozi

, B

run

o

Emw

anu

*) [

Ref

:38

38

]

THE

CU

RSE

OF

CO

UN

TIN

G A

ND

TH

E D

ESTI

NY

OF

DA

TA

(Pau

l Kru

ger*

) [R

ef:3

89

2]

DEV

ELO

PIN

G A

BY-

PR

OD

UC

T G

AS

CO

NTR

OLL

ER T

O IM

PR

OV

E O

N-

SITE

ELE

CTR

ICIT

Y G

ENER

ATI

ON

FO

R IR

ON

AN

D S

TEEL

M

AN

UFA

CTU

RIN

G

(Wyn

and

Bre

yten

bac

h*,

A

lexa

nd

er L

ud

ick,

Jo

han

Mar

ais)

[R

ef:3

59

4]

13:

00

LUN

CH

Fo

yer

Ven

ue

A

ud

ito

riu

m

Sim

on

sber

g

Them

e W

ork

sho

p: 4

th In

du

stri

al R

evo

luti

on

: Im

plic

ati

on

s a

nd

Im

ple

men

tati

on

Ro

ad

ma

p f

or

org

an

isa

tio

ns

Wo

rksh

op

: C

utt

ing

Ed

ge

Lea

n T

hin

kin

g

Pre

sen

ter

Dr

Har

ry T

eife

l R

ose

Hea

thco

te

14:

00

Wo

rksh

op

W

ork

sho

p

15:

30

TEA

/CO

FFEE

Fo

yer

16:

00

Wo

rksh

op

co

nti

nu

es

Wo

rksh

op

co

nti

nu

es

17:

30

PO

STER

FLA

SH P

RES

ENTA

TIO

NS

A

udit

ori

um

18:

00

PO

STER

SES

SIO

N

Foye

r

18:

00

CO

CK

TAIL

Fo

yer

23

T

HU

RSD

AY

25

OC

TOB

ER 2

01

8

08:

00

REG

ISTR

ATI

ON

F

oye

r

09:

00

AN

NO

UN

CEM

ENTS

A

ud

ito

rium

09:

10

KEY

NO

TE A

DD

RES

S

HO

W T

O S

UR

VIV

E IN

TH

E D

IGIT

AL

DIS

RU

PTI

ON

Pro

f W

iku

s va

n N

ieke

rk

Ven

ue

A

ud

ito

riu

m

Sim

on

sber

g St

elle

nb

erg

Old

Win

e C

ella

r

Them

e 5

. En

gin

eeri

ng

Man

agem

ent

6. S

up

ply

Ch

ain

Man

age

me

nt

7. E

nte

rpri

se E

ngi

nee

rin

g 8

. In

du

stri

al E

ngi

nee

rin

g in

th

e H

ealt

h S

ecto

r

Ch

air

Ber

nad

ette

Su

njk

a

Lou

is L

ou

w

Saar

tjie

Gro

bb

elaa

r Li

ezl v

an D

yk

10:

05

THE

4TH

IND

UST

RIA

L R

EVO

LUTI

ON

'S IM

PA

CT

ON

R

ELA

TIO

NSH

IPS

BET

WEE

N

MA

NU

FAC

TUR

ERS

AN

D

DIS

TRIB

UTO

RS

(L

ud

olf

Bad

enh

ors

t*)

[Ref

:358

5]

LOO

KIN

G B

EYO

ND

TH

E ST

OR

M

(Ren

ier

Stey

nb

erg*

, A

shle

igh

Jaco

bs)

[R

ef:4

08

1]

TOW

AR

D T

HE

DEV

ELO

PM

ENT

OF

SUST

AIN

AB

LE B

USI

NES

S M

OD

ELS

FOR

SO

CIA

L EN

TER

PR

ISES

(Rid

ge A

rmst

ron

g*,

Sara

Gro

bb

elaa

r) [

Ref

:36

56

]

LEA

PFR

OG

GIN

G T

O IN

DU

STR

Y

4.0

: LES

SON

S FR

OM

TH

E

HEA

LTH

CA

RE

IND

UST

RY

(Wh

isp

er M

aisi

ri*,

Lie

zl v

an D

yk)

[Ref

:36

51

]

10:

25

IND

UST

RY

4.0

IMP

LIC

ATI

ON

S IN

TH

E A

UTO

MO

TIV

E A

FTER

SALE

S SE

CTO

R IN

SO

UTH

AFR

ICA

: A

LITE

RA

TUR

E R

EVIE

W

(Ed

war

d D

avie

s*,

Ro

jan

ette

C

oet

zee

) [R

ef:3

586

]

A C

ASE

STU

DY

- M

AN

AG

ING

OP

ERA

TIO

NA

L A

ND

SU

PP

LY

CH

AIN

EFF

ICIE

NC

Y: S

TOC

HA

STIC

MO

DEL

LIN

G O

F A

NEW

PR

OD

UC

TIO

N F

AC

ILIT

Y

(Jac

ob

us

de

Wet

*,

Jan

-Har

m

Pre

tori

us)

[R

ef:3

49

4]

A S

YSTE

MA

TIC

REV

IEW

OF

THE

DU

E D

ILIG

ENC

E ST

AG

E O

F

MER

GER

S A

ND

AC

QU

ISIT

ION

S

TOW

AR

DS

A C

ON

CEP

TUA

L

FRA

MEW

OR

K

(V

ivek

Bh

agw

an*,

Sar

a

Gro

bb

elaa

r, W

ou

ter

Bam

)

[Ref

:37

05

]

A D

ECIS

ION

SU

PP

OR

T TO

OL

FOR

EXP

LOR

ING

PH

AR

AM

CEU

TIC

AL

SUP

PLY

CH

AIN

DA

TA

(C

hri

stia

n N

olt

ing*

, Sa

ra

Gro

bb

elaa

r, J

an H

. van

Vu

ure

n)

[Ref

:36

75

]

24

10:

45

TEA

/CO

FFEE

Fo

yer

Ven

ue

A

ud

ito

riu

m

Sim

on

sber

g

Stel

len

ber

g

Old

Win

e C

ella

r

Them

e 9

. En

gin

eeri

ng

Man

agem

ent

10.

Ind

ust

rial

En

gin

ee

rin

g in

M

inin

g 1

1. S

imu

lati

on

an

d O

per

atio

ns

Re

sear

ch

12

. Rai

lway

En

gin

eeri

ng

Ch

air

Elm

a va

n d

er L

inge

n

Hen

dri

k B

ran

d

Fan

ie T

erb

lan

che

Leo

n P

reto

riu

s

11:

15

CO

MP

ETIT

IVE

AD

VA

NTA

GE

DU

RIN

G IN

DU

STR

Y 4

.0: T

HE

CA

SE

FOR

SO

UTH

AFR

ICA

N

MA

NU

FAC

TUR

ING

SM

ES

(Mat

t Fu

tch

er,

Ber

nad

ette

Sun

jka*

) [R

ef:3

526

]

OP

TIM

ISIN

G P

RO

DU

CTI

ON

TH

RO

UG

H IM

PR

OV

ING

TH

E EF

FIC

IEN

CY

OF

MIN

E C

OM

PR

ESSE

D A

IR N

ETW

OR

KS

WIT

H L

IMIT

ED IN

FRA

STR

UC

TUR

E (D

iaan

Nel

l*)

[Ref

:36

12

]

WA

RM

-STA

RT

HEU

RIS

TIC

S FO

R

SOLV

ING

PA

SSIV

E O

PTI

CA

L N

ETW

OR

K P

LAN

NIN

G P

RO

BLE

M

(Ru

an L

uie

s*,

Step

han

us

Terb

lan

che,

Mag

dal

ena

Gro

ble

r)

[Ref

:36

57

]

TRA

IN D

RIV

ER A

UTO

MA

TIO

N

STR

ATE

GIE

S TO

MIT

IGA

TE

SIG

NA

LS P

ASS

ED A

T D

AN

GER

ON

SOU

TH A

FRIC

AN

RA

ILW

AYS

(Jo

han

nes

Hen

dri

k va

n d

er

Mer

we

*, B

ern

adet

te S

un

jka)

[Ref

:35

39

]

11:

40

BA

LAN

CIN

G O

F P

RO

DU

CTI

ON

LIN

E FO

R C

AR

EN

GIN

E C

OO

LIN

G

SYST

EM C

OM

PO

NEN

TS F

OR

IN

VEN

TOR

Y R

EDU

CTI

ON

(K

ate

Lusi

ba*

, M

end

on

Dew

a)

[Ref

:377

4]

ENV

IRO

NM

ENTA

L D

ATA

B

ENC

HM

AR

KIN

G R

EPO

RTI

NG

ST

RU

CTU

RE

FOR

TH

E SO

UTH

A

FRIC

AN

GO

LD M

ININ

G

IND

UST

RY

(H

end

rika

Mag

dal

ena

Jan

se v

an

Ren

sbu

rg*)

[R

ef:3

65

2]

THE

SIN

OF

AV

ERA

GIN

G; W

HY

OP

TIM

ISA

TIO

N IS

IMP

ERA

TIV

E R

EQU

IRED

(P

hili

p V

ente

r*,

Ste

ph

anu

s Te

rbla

nch

e, M

arti

n v

an E

ldik

) [R

ef:3

76

7]

THE

QU

ALI

TY O

F C

OM

MU

TER

RA

IL S

ERV

ICE

IN T

HE

CIT

Y O

F C

AP

E

TOW

N:

IDEN

TIFY

ING

TH

E

FAC

TOR

S A

FFEC

TIN

G T

HE

PR

OV

ISIO

N O

F A

REL

IAB

LE

CO

MM

UTE

R R

AIL

(Ph

ilan

i Zin

cum

e*,

Tom

Rya

n,

Co

rrin

ne

Shaw

) [R

ef:3

64

1]

12:

05

AN

INFO

RM

ATI

ON

SYS

TEM

S

AP

PR

OA

CH

TO

TH

E P

RO

AC

TIV

E

MA

NA

GEM

ENT

OF

SUB

SCR

IBER

IDEN

TIFI

CA

TIO

N M

OD

ULE

S IN

IND

UST

RY

(Ja

co P

rin

slo

o*,

Mar

c M

ath

ews,

Joh

an d

u P

less

is,

Jan

Vo

slo

o)

[Ref

:355

3]

SIM

ULA

TIN

G O

PER

ATI

ON

AL

IMP

RO

VEM

ENTS

ON

MIN

E C

OM

PR

ESSE

D A

IR S

YSTE

MS

(C

har

l Cill

iers

*, B

ran

do

n

Frie

den

ste

in,

Joh

ann

Van

R

ensb

urg

) [R

ef:3

60

8]

DES

IGN

OP

TIM

ISA

TIO

N O

F W

ET

SPEN

T G

RA

IN D

RYI

NG

SYS

TEM

(Max

we

ll D

zan

ya,

Ku

dak

was

he

Pas

ura

yi,

Po

rtia

Mu

pfu

mir

a*,

Stev

en K

asu

kusa

) [R

ef:3

66

8]

AN

ALY

SIS

OF

DEM

AN

D

FOR

ECA

STIN

G S

TRA

TEG

IES

AN

D

PR

AC

TIC

ES F

OR

EM

PTY

RA

IL

WA

GO

NS

- A

SO

UTH

AFR

ICA

N

CA

SE

(Ro

ber

t M

uty

avav

ire*

, M

esh

ack

Maz

ibu

ko)

[Ref

:36

81

]

25

12:

30

THE

SUIT

AB

ILIT

Y O

F SA

P E

RP

TO

GEN

ERA

TE A

MA

INTE

NA

NC

E ZE

RO

BA

SED

BU

DG

ET

(Co

lin S

affy

*, J

oke

Bu

hrm

ann

) [R

ef:3

556

]

DYN

AM

IC O

PTI

MIS

ATI

ON

OF

DEE

P-L

EVEL

MIN

E R

EFR

IGER

ATI

ON

CO

NTR

OL

(P

iete

r P

each

*, J

oh

an

Bre

den

kam

p,

Joh

ann

van

R

ensb

urg

) [R

ef:3

89

4]

ESTI

MA

TIN

G D

ELA

Y A

T A

SI

GN

ALI

ZED

INTE

RSE

CTI

ON

USI

NG

Q

UEU

ING

MO

DEL

S

(Zan

ele

Mp

anza

*) [

Ref

:35

43

]

PR

OP

OSE

A C

ON

CEP

TUA

L P

RO

GN

OST

IC M

OD

EL B

ASE

D O

N

THE

CO

ND

ITIO

N O

F R

AIL

WA

Y V

EHIC

LE M

OV

ING

CO

MP

ON

ENTS

(J

acq

ues

Co

etze

e*,

Leo

n

Pre

tori

us)

[R

ef:3

82

3]

12:

50

LUN

CH

Fo

yer

Ro

se H

eath

cote

Ven

ue

A

ud

ito

riu

m

Old

Win

e C

ella

r

Them

e W

ork

sho

p:

Exp

lori

ng

Wo

lfra

m M

ult

i-p

ara

dig

m d

ata

sci

ence

W

ork

sho

p:

The

qu

est

for

op

era

tio

na

l exc

elle

nce

Pre

sen

ter

Cle

men

s D

emp

ers

Sisa

kun

ga P

asiy

a

14:

00

Wo

rksh

op

W

ork

sho

p

15:

30

TEA

/CO

FFEE

Fo

yer

16:

00

Wo

rksh

op

co

nti

nu

es

Wo

rksh

op

co

nti

nu

es

19:

00

CO

NFE

REN

CE

DIN

NER

Sim

ons

ber

g r

oom

s

26

F

RID

AY

26

OC

TOB

ER 2

01

8

08:

00

REG

ISTR

ATI

ON

F

oye

r

09:

00

AN

NO

UN

CEM

ENTS

A

ud

ito

rium

09:

10

KEY

NO

TE A

DD

RES

S

SUR

VIV

ING

IND

UST

RY

4.0

D

r Ir

Eri

c Lu

tte

rs

10:

00

Tea/

Co

ffee

Fo

yer

Ven

ue

A

ud

ito

riu

m

Sim

on

sber

g

Stel

len

ber

g

Old

Win

e C

ella

r

Them

e 1

3. E

ngi

nee

rin

g M

anag

emen

t 1

4. S

up

ply

Ch

ain

Man

age

me

nt

15.

Sim

ula

tio

n a

nd

Op

erat

ion

s R

ese

arch

1

6.

Ind

ust

rial

En

gin

eeri

ng

in t

he

Hea

lth

Sec

tor

Ch

air

An

tho

n B

oth

a

Mar

tin

Bai

ley

Pie

ter

Co

nra

die

Im

ke d

e K

ock

10:

30

RA

PID

LY A

RR

IVIN

G F

UTU

RES

:

FUTU

RE

REA

DIN

ESS

FOR

IND

UST

RY

4.0

(An

tho

n B

oth

a*)

[Ref

:38

57]

SUP

PLY

CH

AIN

S O

F TH

E FU

TUR

E

(Mar

tin

Bai

ley*

) [R

ef:3

69

2]

TAYL

OR

SER

IES

MET

HO

D F

OR

TH

E

AN

ALY

SIS

OF

NO

N-L

INEA

R A

ND

DYN

AM

IC E

NER

GY

CO

NSU

MP

TIO

N M

OD

EL U

ND

ER A

FLEX

IBLE

INV

ENTO

RY

MO

DEL

(Bla

ise

Bo

lan

Ben

ga*,

Th

om

as

Ten

gen

, A

lfay

o A

lugo

ngo

)

[Ref

:38

16

]

PU

BLI

C-P

RIV

ATE

SU

PP

LY C

HA

IN

INTE

GR

ATI

ON

AS

A P

OSS

IBLE

M

EAN

S TO

IMP

RO

VE

PU

BLI

C

HEA

LTH

SU

PP

LY C

HA

INS

(Je

ssic

a B

ote

s, W

ou

ter

Bam

*,

Imke

de

Ko

ck)

[Ref

:35

38

]

10:

55

USI

NG

AN

AD

AP

TED

SYS

TEM

DYN

AM

ICS

AP

PR

OA

CH

TO

DET

ERM

INE

THE

LIN

KA

GE

BET

WEE

N E

LEC

TRIC

VEH

ICLE

MA

RK

ET P

ENET

RA

TIO

N A

ND

AFF

OR

DA

BIL

ITY

(Nal

ini P

illay

*, A

lan

Bre

nt,

Jose

ph

ine

Mu

san

go)

[Ref

:37

23]

STU

DY

ON

RIS

K P

REV

ENTI

ON

AN

D

CO

NTR

OL

MEC

HA

NIS

M O

F

LOG

ISTI

CS

PR

OJE

CT

(Daf

eng

Xu

*) [

Ref

:38

87

]

AU

TOM

ATE

D IN

VES

TMEN

T

ASS

ESSM

ENT:

AN

INV

ESTM

ENT

DEC

ISIO

N M

AK

ING

MO

DEL

FO

R

THE

OR

DIN

AR

Y P

ERSO

N

(M

elis

sa V

an N

ieke

rk*)

[Ref

:40

83

]

EVA

LUA

TIN

G T

HE

RO

LE O

F IN

NO

VA

TIO

N IN

TH

E A

DO

PTI

ON

O

F P

HA

RM

AC

EUTI

CA

LS A

ND

H

EALT

HC

AR

E TE

CH

NO

LOG

IES

IN

SOU

TH A

FRIC

A

(Eliz

abet

h L

eon

ard

*, I

mke

de

Ko

ck,

Wo

ute

r B

am)

[Ref

:35

50

]

27

11:

20

CA

N T

HE

MA

CH

INE!

(Die

ter

Har

tman

n*)

[R

ef:3

784

]

DEM

AN

D F

OR

ECA

STIN

G F

OR

NET

WO

RK

CA

PA

CIT

Y P

LAN

NIN

G

IN E

LEC

TRIC

AL

UTI

LITI

ES: A

REV

IEW

OF

EXIS

TIN

G M

ETH

OD

S

CO

NSI

DER

ING

TH

E EV

OLV

ING

TEC

HN

OLO

GIE

S O

F TH

E EN

ERG

Y

AR

ENA

(Jan

a B

ree

dt*

, Lo

uis

Lo

uw

, Im

ke

De

Ko

ck)

[Ref

:37

43

]

PIL

OT

PR

OD

UC

TIO

N

ENV

IRO

NM

ENTS

DR

IVEN

BY

DIG

ITA

L TW

INS

(Er

ic L

utt

ers*

) [R

ef:3

56

8]

HO

SPIT

AL

INV

ENTO

RY

MA

NA

GEM

ENT:

A S

YSTE

MA

TIC

R

EVIE

W O

F TH

E LI

TER

ATU

RE

(M

atth

ew H

iggo

*, S

ara

Gro

bb

elaa

r, J

ou

ber

t va

n E

eden

) [R

ef:3

57

0]

11:

45

TOW

AR

DS

AN

INIT

IATI

VE

BA

SED

IND

UST

RY

4.0

MA

TUR

ITY

IMP

RO

VEM

ENT

PR

OC

ESS:

MA

STER

DR

ILLI

NG

AS

A C

ASE

STU

DY

(Gid

eon

Maa

sz*,

Has

an D

arw

ish

)

[Ref

:373

4]

TOW

AR

DS

AN

INTE

RN

ET-O

F-

THIN

GS

FRA

MEW

OR

K F

OR

ASS

ISTI

NG

QU

ALI

TY-

CO

NTR

OLL

ED-L

OG

ISTI

CS

DEC

ISIO

N M

AK

ING

WIT

HIN

TH

E

FRES

H P

RO

DU

CE

SUP

PLY

CH

AIN

(Lel

ani J

ou

ber

t*,

Lou

is L

ou

w)

[Ref

:35

83

]

DEV

ELO

PM

ENT

OF

A D

ISC

RET

E-

EVEN

T, S

TOC

HA

STIC

MU

LTI-

OB

JEC

TIV

E M

ETA

HEU

RIS

TIC

SIM

ULA

TIO

N O

PTI

MIS

ATI

ON

SUIT

E FO

R A

CO

MM

ERC

IAL

SIM

ULA

TIO

N S

OFT

WA

RE

PA

CK

AG

E

(To

uss

ain

t B

amp

ori

ki*,

Jam

es

Bek

ker)

[R

ef:3

62

8]

DEV

ELO

PIN

G A

CH

ALL

ENG

ES

LAN

DSC

AP

E R

ELA

TIN

G T

O D

RU

G-

SAFE

TY, -

PR

OV

ISIO

N A

ND

-D

ISTR

IBU

TIO

N IN

RES

OU

RC

E LI

MIT

ED S

ETTI

NG

S FO

R T

HE

CA

SE

OF

HIV

/AID

S

(Bia

ncé

Hu

ysam

en*,

Im

ke d

e K

ock

, Lo

uza

nn

e B

am)

[Ref

:35

84

]

12:

10

A M

ETH

OD

OLO

GY

TO A

SSIS

T P

RO

JEC

T-B

ASE

D O

RG

AN

ISA

TIO

NS

TO U

TILI

SE A

ND

DEV

ELO

P

PR

OJE

CT

MA

NA

GEM

ENT

CA

PA

BIL

ITY

AS

A S

TRA

TEG

IC

ASS

ET T

O IN

CR

EASE

CO

MP

ETIT

IVE

AD

VA

NTA

GE

(C

oen

raad

J N

el*)

[R

ef:3

713

]

A S

YSTE

MA

TIC

REV

IEW

OF

3P

Ls’

ENTR

Y IN

TO R

EVER

SE L

OG

ISTI

CS

(Lo

cad

ia T

om

bid

o*,

Lo

uis

Lo

uw

,

Jou

ber

t V

an E

ed

en)

[Ref

:35

93

]

A R

EAL-

TIM

E SC

HED

ULI

NG

SYST

EM F

OR

A S

ENSO

RIS

ED J

OB

SHO

P U

SIN

G C

LOU

D-B

ASE

D

SIM

ULA

TIO

N W

ITH

MO

BIL

E

DEV

ICE

AC

CES

S

(Ste

ph

an S

nym

an*,

Jam

es

Bek

ker,

Jo

hn

-Pie

ter

Bo

tha)

[Ref

:35

75

]

CO

NSI

DER

ING

TH

E N

EED

FO

R

ALT

ERN

ATI

VE

INTE

RV

ENTI

ON

ST

RA

TEG

IES

FOR

TH

E M

AN

AG

EMEN

T O

F D

IAB

ETIC

P

OLI

CY

FOR

MU

LATI

ON

IN S

OU

TH

AFR

ICA

(V

icto

ria-

Lea

Tho

mas

*, I

mke

de

Ko

ck,

Lou

zan

ne

Bam

) [R

ef:3

59

0]

12:

30

LUN

CH

Fo

yer

28

Ven

ue

A

ud

ito

riu

m

Sim

on

sber

g

Stel

len

ber

g

Old

Win

e C

ella

r

Them

e 1

7. E

ngi

nee

rin

g M

anag

emen

t 1

8. P

roje

ct D

eve

lop

me

nt

&

Man

age

me

nt

19

. Dat

a M

anag

eme

nt

20

. In

du

stri

al E

ngi

nee

rin

g in

th

e H

ealt

h S

ecto

r

Ch

air

Jacq

ues

Fau

ré

Co

rné

Sch

utt

e

Jam

es B

ekke

r

Imke

de

Ko

ck

13:

30

IND

UST

RY

4.0

: A M

YTH

OR

A

REA

LITY

IN S

OU

TH A

FRIC

A?

(Mn

ced

isi D

ewa,

Tin

ash

e

Ten

day

i, M

lon

do

lozi

Gxa

mza

,

Lilia

n G

and

uri

, Lu

ngi

le N

yan

ga,

Den

nit

Ad

ams)

[R

ef:3

715

]

RIS

K M

AN

AG

EMEN

T D

UR

ING

OU

TAG

E M

AN

AG

EMEN

T

PR

OJE

CTS

AT

PO

WER

PLA

NTS

(Jac

ob

us

Vis

ser*

, Si

mp

hiw

e

Hlo

ph

e) [

Ref

:37

03

]

UTI

LIZI

NG

MA

CH

INE

LEA

RN

ING

ALG

OR

ITH

MS

TO P

RED

ICT

FILL

ING

LIN

E U

TILI

ZATI

ON

FO

R O

PTI

MA

L

MA

INTE

NA

NC

E SC

HED

ULI

NG

(PJ

Vlo

k*,

Lau

ren

Sm

ith

)

[Ref

:35

52

]

A C

ON

CEP

TUA

L FR

AM

EWO

RK

FO

R

SUST

AIN

AB

LE E

HEA

LTH

IMP

LEM

ENTA

TIO

N IN

RES

OU

RC

E-

CO

NST

RA

INED

SET

TIN

GS

(G

etn

et B

oga

le F

anta

*,

Leo

n

Pre

tori

us)

[R

ef:3

82

0]

13:

55

SHA

PIN

G T

HE

FUTU

RE

OF

RES

IDEN

TIA

L H

OU

SIN

G P

RO

JEC

TS:

BR

EAK

THR

OU

GH

IN M

IND

SET

AN

D T

ECH

NO

LOG

Y

(Jo

han

n S

tim

ie*)

[R

ef:3

632

]

UN

INTE

ND

ED N

EGA

TIV

E EF

FEC

TS

OF

CLI

ENT

PR

OJE

CT

CO

ST

CO

NTR

OLS

: A S

YSTE

M D

YNA

MIC

S

AP

PR

OA

CH

(A

lfre

d C

hit

on

go*,

Leo

n

Pre

tori

us)

[R

ef:3

79

4]

DEV

ELO

PM

ENT

OF

A D

ATA

AN

ALY

TIC

S-D

RIV

EN S

YSTE

M F

OR

INST

AN

T, T

EMP

OR

AR

Y

PER

SON

ALI

SED

DIS

CO

UN

T O

FFER

S

(Zan

dal

ine

Els*

, Ja

mes

Bek

ker)

[Ref

:35

77

]

INC

OR

PO

RA

TIN

G P

RO

DU

CT

CA

TEG

OR

IZA

TIO

N T

O IM

PR

OV

E

THE

PER

FOR

MA

NC

E O

F SA

'S

PU

BLI

C H

EALT

HC

AR

E SU

PP

LY

CH

AIN

: A R

ESEA

RC

H A

GEN

DA

(New

ton

Map

ow

o*,

Lo

uza

nn

e

Bam

, Im

ke d

e K

ock

, Jo

ub

ert

van

Eed

en)

[Ref

:36

06

]

14:

20

IN D

IS T

REE

- 4

WH

AT?

(Te

resa

Hat

tin

gh*,

Die

ter

Har

tman

n)

[Ref

:368

8]

VA

RIE

TY F

OR

CO

MP

LEX

ITY:

I.T.

PR

OJE

CT

MET

HO

DO

LOG

Y

CU

STO

MIZ

ATI

ON

(St

eyn

De

Wet

*) [

Ref

:38

13

]

DEV

ELO

PM

ENT

AN

D

DEM

ON

STR

ATI

ON

OF

A

CU

STO

MER

SU

PER

-PR

OFI

LIN

G

TOO

L TO

EN

AB

LE E

FFIC

IEN

T

TAR

GET

ING

IN M

AR

KET

ING

CA

MP

AIG

NS

(Mar

isa

Wal

ters

*,

Jam

es B

ekke

r)

[Ref

:35

79

]

TOW

AR

DS

A M

OR

E EF

FIC

IEN

T

AN

D E

FFEC

TIV

E P

IPEL

INE

OF

TUB

ERC

ULO

SIS

MED

ICA

TIO

N: T

HE

VA

LUE

OF

IDEN

TIFY

ING

TR

END

S

AN

D IN

FLU

ENC

ING

FA

CTO

RS

(Nic

ola

Han

eko

m*,

Lo

uza

nn

e

Bam

, Im

ke d

e K

ock

) [R

ef:3

63

5]

29

14:

45

THE

IMP

LIC

ATI

ON

S O

F IN

DU

STR

Y

4.0

FO

R IN

DU

STR

IALI

SATI

ON

IN

AFR

ICA

(B

elin

da

Fyn

n-H

urw

itz*

,

Ber

nad

ette

Su

njk

a) [

Ref

:385

5]

LEA

DER

SHIP

STY

LES

IN P

RO

JEC

TS.

CU

RR

ENT

TREN

DS

AN

D F

UTU

RE

OP

PO

RTU

NIT

IES.

(Su

zaan

Pre

tori

us*

, H

erm

an

Stey

n,

Tary

n B

on

d-B

arn

ard

)

[Ref

:38

58

]

MA

NA

GIN

G C

UST

OM

ER

EXP

ERIE

NC

E U

SIN

G D

ATA

AN

ALY

TIC

S IN

A P

AR

TNER

ING

VEN

TUR

E

(Mar

yke

Ro

os*

, Ja

mes

Be

kke

r)

[Ref

:36

69

]

A C

ON

CEP

T D

EMO

NST

RA

TOR

FO

R

SELF

-OR

GA

NIS

ING

DEM

AN

D-

DR

IVEN

INV

ENTO

RY

MA

NA

GEM

ENT

IN

PH

AR

MA

CEU

TIC

AL

SUP

PLY

CH

AIN

S

(M

arn

o D

u P

less

is*,

Jan

H. v

an

Vu

ure

n,

Jou

ber

t va

n E

ed

en)

[Ref

:36

33

]

15:

10

A C

ON

CEP

TUA

L FR

AM

EWO

RK

TO

INC

REA

SE C

OM

PET

ITIV

ENES

S:

AP

PLI

ED T

O A

BIL

TON

G F

AC

TOR

Y

(Mie

ke H

enn

ing*

, D

evo

n

Hag

edo

rn-H

anse

n,

Ko

nra

d v

on

Leip

zig)

[R

ef:3

615

]

THE

MEG

AP

RO

JEC

T SP

ON

SOR

AS

LEA

DER

(Will

em L

ou

w*,

Jan

Wiu

m,

Her

man

Ste

yn,

Wim

Gev

ers)

[Ref

:38

60

]

DEV

ELO

PM

ENT

OF

A

DEM

ON

STR

ATO

R O

F B

IG D

ATA

AN

ALY

TIC

S

(Rh

ett

Bu

tler

*, J

ames

Be

kker

)

[Ref

:36

77

]

TOW

AR

DS

A H

EALT

HC

AR

E

PER

FOR

MA

NC

E A

SSES

SMEN

T

FRA

MEW

OR

K: A

REV

IEW

(Bro

nw

yn J

ou

ber

t*,

Wo

ute

r B

am)

[Ref

:35

96

]

15:

30

CLO

SIN

G &

PR

IZE

GIV

ING

A

ud

ito

riu

m

16:

00

TEA

/CO

FFEE

Fo

yer

30

LIST OF POSTERS

DISASTER RELIEF CHAINS ANALYSIS IN THE SADC REGION

(Jean-Claude Baraka, Sarma Yadavalli, Mendon Dewa*) [Ref:3492]

DEVELOPMENT OF A DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR ASSESSING ALTERNATIVE AGRICULTURE LAND USES:

A CASE STUDY OF THE STELLENBOSCH WINE REGION

(Jeanne-Mari de Villiers, Wouter Bam*, Joubert van Eeden) [Ref:3540]

INVESTIGATING THE SUSTAINABILITY AND FEASIBILITY OF DIFFERENT DISPOSABLE CUPS: A COFFEE SHOP

PERSPECTIVE

(Carla Vermeulen, Wouter Bam*) [Ref:3631]

A SIMULATION ANNEALING APPROACH TO DETERMINE THE EFFECTIVE TRAIN STATION LAYOUT WITH

DIFFERENT PEAK PERIODS

(Tshegofatso Bele*, Ebouele Benga, Thomas Tengen) [Ref:3721]

OPTIMAL SCHEDULING OF PROJECT ALLOCATION BY MEANS OF A WEIGHT-PARAMETER CALCULATION

ALGORITHM

(Philip Venter*) [Ref:3766]

CONTINUOUS PROCESS IMPROVEMENT ON HEAT EXCHANGER PLANT THROUGH VALUE STREAM MAPPING

(Kate Lusiba*, Mendon Dewa) [Ref:3775]

USE OF MULTIPLE ACTIVITY CHARTS FOR PROCESS IMPROVEMENT IN RUBBER WIRE CABLE

MANUFACTURING

(Mendon Dewa*) [Ref:3786]

LEAN STARTUP AND ITS APPLICATION IN BUSINESS AND OPERATIONS STRATEGY IN SOUTH AFRICA

(Nadeem Kola, Bruno Emwanu*) [Ref:3833]

APPLICATION OF MANUFACTURING STRATEGY PRINCIPLES IN ADAPTING CRAFT BREWERS FOR

SUSTAINABLE GROWTH IN THE SOUTH AFRICAN BEER INDUSTRY

(Gaolebalwe Ramorula, Bruno Emwanu*) [Ref:3835]

CHAINING THE BUILDING BLOCKS FOR BLOCKCHAIN IMPLEMENTATIONS IN SOUTH AFRICA’S PUBLIC

SECTOR

(Quintin Van Heerden*, Michael van Heerden, Anton Steenkamp) [Ref:3886]

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ABSTRACTS

Keynote Lectures

KEYNOTE PAPER 1 THE DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION: CHANCES AND CHALLENGES IN INDUSTRY 4.0 AND BEYOND

Prof Dietmar Theis The first three industrial revolutions and their respective impact were recognised and interpreted in hindsight. Now, for the first time, establishing a new industrial revolution is seen as a purposeful endeavour. However, technological innovation essentially is – and has always been - continuous. So, the essence of Industry 4.0 might foremost be that it allows for a paradigm shift in thinking about technological abilities and their interrelations. Therefore, Industry 4.0 can hardly be captured in terms of strategy, purpose, guideline or directive. Rather, it allows industry and academia alike to purposefully take on challenges related to the efficiency with which technological and business processes are organised. For this purpose, the Industry 4.0 ‘toolbox’ almost bursts with an abundance of tools related to e.g. IoT, Big Data, Cyber-physical-systems, Digital Twins and many more. However, it is essential to recognise that such tools only add value in the hands of proficient engineers that use them to address the right challenges – with ample common sense. This is only possible if a company works towards actual and self-determined goals and then purposefully assimilates the appropriate (i.e. effective and efficient) elements from the Industry 4.0 armoury. After all, usually substantial investments and efforts are involved, while having significant repercussions on the company, its culture and on how it interacts with other companies. Consequently, actualising the envisaged benefits or added value might be a far bigger challenge than effectuating the technological highlights involved. Therefore, to outlive and to harness the fourth industrial revolution, engineers need to address the right challenges with the right mindset. Surely, the success of Industry 4.0 does not depend on bits and bytes, but on the common sense and creativity of the engineers that align smart tools and approaches with purposeful visions and objectives. This keynote therefore aims to challenge engineers to rely on their ability to fathom actual and relevant challenges and to address these with purposefully selected (or developed) tools and techniques, irrespective of the ‘Industry 4.0’ label they might or might not have.

KEYNOTE PAPER 2 TO FOLLOW OR LEAD – AT WHAT EXPENSE

Marang Marekimane Small and medium sized enterprises (SME) are expected to be the lifeline for exposing job opportunities. Considering the cost of doing business in South Africa, small business owners are forced to bootstrap their business operations, often at the cost of hiring. Is it still relevant or practical to expect SME’s to create jobs? What role do large corporates and governments play in facilitating job creation in the SME sector? Have we adapted our measures for growth in this sector to account for the 4th Industrial Revolution?

KEYNOTE PAPER 3 HOW TO SURVIVE IN THE DIGITAL DISRUPTION

Prof Wikus van Niekerk The Fourth Industrial Revolution are fundamentally changing the world of work for which we are preparing our students. At the same time the students who enter our programmes are much better prepared for the Digital World than they were in the past, expect for those students, in the South African context, who come from disadvantaged environments. Universities tend to be slow to react to changes in the environment and therefore all these factors put together result in a significant challenge for the development and implementation of Engineering Programmes. The integration of fast computing, big data and machine learning enable engineers to be significantly more product than in the past by speeding up and integrating processes, from design to manufacture, implementation and commissioning. This new approach is also blurring the boundaries between disciplines forcing engineers to work collectively in multi-disciplinary teams. It also poses new challenges such as mastering software suites and manipulating complex digital models of physical systems. “Multiphysics” refers to digital models that can simultaneously solve for multiple physical phenomena. These models speed up the design processes and deliver large amounts of data that need to be analysed. Stellenbosch University is approaching this challenge through the establishment of the Stellenbosch School for Data Science and Computational Thinking. This new initiative will attempt to work across all ten faculties of the University and will span the entire academic project: from under- and postgraduate training to research and specialist consultation. The main purpose will be to coordinate and integrate the various activities in this area at Stellenbosch University and provide a

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platform for collaborative learning and research as well as the generation of knowledge, ideas, applications and products. In this presentation we will share some of the detail of the plans of Stellenbosch University to prepare our students for the world of the Digital Disruption.

KEYNOTE PAPER 4 SURVIVING INDUSTRY 4.0

Dr Ir Eric Lutters A profound change is now underway in the world´s leading industrial and manufacturing companies. They are digitizing essential functions within their vertical operation processes and along their horizontal value chains. The new product portfolios are enhanced with digital functionalities and innovative data-based services are generated. At the end of these transformative processes we will see the emergence of truly digital enterprises, working together with customers and suppliers in industrial digital ecosystems. The term Industry 4.0 was coined in Germany to emphasize this computerization of manufacturing. The core of this vision is being built on the (Industrial) Internet of Things, the ubiquitous interlinking and networking of persons, things and machines. The talk will highlight the developments in Industry 4.0 from a German/European perspective, introduce the corresponding reference architecture model and try to give an outlook on the digital transformation in our societies at large, including short glances on platform industries, artificial intelligence and employment. The talk will conclude with some considerations on social and ethical aspects in the context of the digital transformation.

1. Engineering Management

3581 PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF AN OBJECTIVE METHODOLOGY TO EVALUATE INDUSTRIAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY

MODELS FOR THE RSA SECTION 12L TAX INCENTIVE Lee-Ann Botes*

Section 12L of the Income Tax Act (1962) allows a significant tax rebate for quantified energy efficiency (EE) savings resulting from an energy saving measure (ESM). However, EE savings cannot be directly measured since it refers to the absence of energy use. Therefore, models are used to quantify EE savings. In order to have a high level of confidence in the reported EE savings, the development of multiple models is recommended. These various models should be objectively evaluated to ensure that the final selected model adheres to the multiple requirements associated with 12L. This paper provides a brief overview of an evaluation and model selection methodology. The paper primarily focusses on the practical application of the methodology on industrial ESMs. The methodology is applied to three case studies: boilers, blast furnace and compressed air network ESMs. The evaluation results are used to rank the modelling options and recommend a final model. The results obtained are validated by comparing them to independent SANAS accredited measurement and verification results. The results show a 10% to 33% variance in the potential claim value. This significant variance highlights the importance of presenting a transparent and objective model selection process.

NWU - CRCED Pretoria

3582 DEVELOPMENT OF AN ASSURANCE FRAMEWORK FOR SOUTH AFRICAN CARBON TAX

Andries Gous* The Carbon Tax on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, set to help transition South Africa towards a low-carbon economy, induces several uncertainties. Liable parties, as well as national bodies (e.g. the South African Revenue Service, SARS), are at risk due to the lack of published guidance. Such uncertainties and risks can be managed or mitigated by introducing assurance mechanisms focused on the different key structures within the process. This paper presents an assurance-centered reporting framework developed to document and support all decisions affecting the values submitted to SARS. The framework merges several international and national best practice auditing assurance standards together with the technical and legal requirements of carbon tax. Assurance is thereby provided by a transparent and traceable process presented in such a manner that it can be easily audited by independent parties. The developed framework assures the (1) dataset constructed and used in (2) GHG quantification methods to (3) report the results for industrial case studies. Several practical assurance mechanisms are identified and applied within each structure to address the associated uncertainties. Aggregating these mechanisms ultimately provides holistic assured results that are likely to pass all levels of scrutiny.

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NWU - CRCED Pretoria

3574 A SYSTEMS APPROACH TO SUSTAIN RSA SECTION 12L TAX INCENTIVE PROJECTS

Walter Booysen* Section 12L of the South African Income Tax Act (12L) incentivises companies towards improved energy efficiency (EE). Research shows that two key issues generally prevent eligible EE projects from achieving maximum 12L benefits: 1) poor data integrity which affects application compliance and 2) savings are not sustained throughout the assessment period. A need therefore exists to make use of intelligent data driven analyses to effectively identify these issues in order to maximise 12L potential. This paper presents the development of a performance tracking and reporting system. This system monitors and analyses project data to identify potential anomalies. Once an anomaly has been detected, it triggers a report to notify and inform the end-user of the specific issue. This detection increases the opportunities to sustain targeted savings and improve data integrity. The functionality of the system is illustrated by using three case studies. These case studies test whether the system can correctly identify and report anomalies. The value of the system is further validated by assessing the potential increase in savings due to timely corrective action. The paper concludes with a discussion of the benefits, including a potential increase of R 63.9 million in 12L related value.

Post-doctoral fellow and North-West University Consultant to TEMMI, HVAC and Enermange.

3573 A RISK MANAGEMENT STRATEGY TO IDENTIFY AND PRIORITISE FACTORS AFFECTING INDUSTRY'S CARBON

TAX Janine Booysen*

The proposed South African carbon tax system forms part of an extensive structure of strategies aimed at addressing the main challenges of climate change. The system is however complex, with various concerns and uncertainties. Industries therefore need to positively adapt in order to ensure their sustainability and competitiveness. To that end, this paper presents a risk management strategy for industries to identify and prioritise potential factors affecting the cost of carbon tax. The risk management strategy consists of five phases: 1) establishing the concept, 2) identifying the associated risks, 3) analysing the risks, 4) evaluating the risks, and 5) managing the risks according to relevant international or national standards. The risks are effectively prioritised by evaluating the individual severity, likelihood and correctability of each risk. The strategy is applied to case studies in the iron and steel, ferrochrome and cement industries. The combined carbon tax exposure for these case studies is approximately R453 million. A discussion of the results revealed that the risk management strategy can be used to effectively identify and prioritise carbon tax associated risks and further mitigate the potential tax liabilities.

NWU - CRCED Pretoria

2. Quality Management, Reliability & Maintenance

3765 DEVELOPING A MODEL TO OVERCOME THE ORGANISATIONAL COMMUNICATION DEFICIENCIES BETWEEN

STAKEHOLDERS IN THE ASSET MANAGEMENT INDUSTRY Nina van Rooyen*, Johannes Jooste

In providing Asset Management (AM) services, strategic partnerships are established for reaching organisational objectives and to obtain a competitive advantage. For this relationship to be optimal, effective communication is essential. Stakeholders collaborating in this relationship however, have diverse backgrounds, knowledge and experience and are not always effective communicators. The problem is the likelihood that service delivery objectives are not being met due to communication deficiencies. Although research about effective communication is available in other service providing industries, such as aviation and medicine, it remains a challenge in the AM services industry. This paper identifies the root causes of communication deficiencies in the AM services industry and presents a model, the COMMPAS model, that could support AM stakeholders in overcoming these deficiencies.

Currently a Masters student at Stellenbosch University. Commencing employment in 2018.

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3604 CONTINUOUS EVALUATION OF OPERATIONAL RISKS ON DEEP-LEVEL MINE EQUIPMENT

Stephan van Jaarsveld*, Wihan van Blerk, Johannes Marais, Pieter Goosen Underground mining operations comprise complex systems that provide the service areas with cold water, compressed air and ventilation. Equipment is located on the surface and underground, which makes the monitoring thereof a challenging task. A condition monitoring process on deep mines involves several types of parameters and equipment. Software tools and applications are used to analyse the raw data and identify operational risks. This automated analysis results in a substantial amount of risk information being generated on a regular basis. It is therefore necessary to examine the information for knowledge discovery to take place. A software-based application was developed to categorise the risk information according to system class, parameter type and risk severity over a selected date range. The solution enables site managers to determine where critical risks occur repeatedly and what the maintenance impact is. The newly developed application was used to evaluate the risk information of six mining sites over a period ranging from six to 12 months. Up to 96 daily risk identifiers per site were evaluated resulting in more than 17 000 values over a period of six months. The application and associated reports facilitated the identification of problem areas within the respective operation.

Dr. Stephan van Jaarsveld holds a PhD in Computer and Electronic engineering from the North-West University. He is currently a post-doctoral student at the North-West University's Centre for Research and Continued Engineering Development (CRCED) in Pretoria.

3760 IMPLEMENTING A REMOTE CONDITION MONITORING SYSTEM FOR SOUTH AFRICAN GOLD MINES

Antonie Stols* The South African gold mining industry is currently under a lot of financial pressure due to electricity tariff increases, strikes, increased minimum wages and volatile commodity prices. Besides decreasing electricity consumption, mining companies have started looking towards improved maintenance strategies to reduce the operational costs of mines. There are a great variety of maintenance strategies being used in different industries worldwide. In the South African mining sector, maintenance strategies are however not being implemented according to any specific process. This also applies to the condition monitoring of machines, which serves as the foundation of a properly structured and efficient maintenance strategy. There are different possible causes for this, which are different for each mine. Some mines lack proper infrastructure for monitoring machine conditions, while others simply do not have the required technical resources to implement and maintain a proper condition monitoring system. Specialised condition monitoring systems are also expensive to implement and maintain, while requiring continuous manual user input to analyse and identify machine deterioration. This paper will therefore focus on developing an implementation process for a basic remote condition monitoring system on South African gold mines. This process will include the implementation of an alarm notification process that can be used to structure the maintenance strategy. The developed process was used to deploy the same basic condition monitoring system on different South African gold mines within the same mining group. The resulting system was further used to centralise condition monitoring data from these mines for easier access and simplified reporting.

NWU - CRCED Pretoria

3838

A MODEL FOR THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SUSTAINABILITY AND OPERATIONS STRATEGY PERFORMANCE OF A WATER UTILITY IN SOUTH AFRICA

Mthunzi Lushozi, Bruno Emwanu* Water is a scarce resource in South Africa and is recognised as a priority issue in the National Development Plan, one of whose key milestones is to ensure that all South Africans have access to clean running water in their homes. The increased expectation for clean water has come with an increased water demand but with little or no expansion of capacity to match the increased demand. The country is currently faced with an aging infrastructure being used to meet increased demand which threatens the sustainability of water utilities. This study considers the sustainability of South African water utility infrastructure, defined by maintenance and capital expansion, and the role of operations strategy defined by five generic operations strategy performance objectives. A framework was developed to investigate the relationship between water utility sustainability in South Africa and operations strategy, and the mediating role of trade-offs in this relationship. A questionnaire was used to collect data from key operatives in several water utilities and data analysed for results. It is

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expected that results will support a model that can be used to guide South African water utilities towards sustainability by proposing the most appropriate key performance objectives to pursue and indicating expected trade-offs.

University of the Witwatersrand

3. Data Management

3587 A DATA QUALITY EVALUATION FRAMEWORK FOR INDUSTRIAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY REPORTING

Waldt Hamer*, Walter Booysen, Edward Mathews Data quality is fundamental in quantifying and reporting industrial-scale energy consumption. A narrow focus on isolated aspects of data quality can lead to inconsistent levels of rigour in dataset evaluation and selection. In this paper, a data quality framework is therefore developed to holistically evaluate if a dataset provides a fair representation of the underlying energy system. The developed framework is based on three core aspects of data quality, namely accuracy, integrity and relevance. The framework emphasizes the use of traceability pathways to test data integrity and relevance. Quantitative and qualitative comparisons are proposed as practical options to test and evaluate multiple data sources. Based on the framework, a dataset can either be validated for reporting purposes or discarded based on the lack of data quality assurance. The framework is applied to six isolated case studies. The results indicate that discrepancies relating to data integrity and relevance can significantly impact reporting functions. If left unchecked, these quantifiable discrepancies could result in data-based errors amounting to R1240 million (at R0.95/kWh) if viewed within the context of the Section 12L energy efficiency tax incentive. This highlights the role of holistic data quality evaluation to avoid propagation of erroneous data into reporting functions. Dr Waldt Hamer holds a PhD in Mechanical Engineering from the North-West University. He is currently a post-doctoral student at the North-West University's Centre for Research and Continued Engineering Development (CRCED) in Pretoria.

3610 USING DATA-DRIVEN ANALYTICS TO DEVELOP A MATERIAL BALANCE OVER FERROCHROME FURNACES

Kristy Campbell*, Walter Booysen, Marius Kleingeld Furnaces used for ferrochrome production are complex systems. There are a significant number of inlet and outlet streams with various parameters. However, some of these parameters are not always measured, which can limit decision-making abilities. Linking available data and additional information together with data analytics can possibly produce estimates of the unknown streams. It is, therefore, necessary to perform a material balance on a typical ferrochrome furnace to evaluate the underlying fundamentals of this concept. This paper provides a brief overview of the furnace parameters measured in practice, before presenting an approach to perform the material balance. The available measurements of input and output streams are used together with literature-based compositions. This analytical approach links the known composition together with the known mass to estimate the unknown streams. The analytics are structured in such a way that it can later be automated. The approach is applied to several industrial case studies and the results are presented in order to provide a proof of concept. The analysis manages to balance all elements (in and out) within an accuracy margin of 1.25%. The results are further discussed to illustrate the potential benefit in various application areas. NWU - CRCED Pretoria

3548 CONCEPTUAL EVALUATION TOOL FOR ASSESSING THE COMPANY READINESS LEVEL TO IMPLEMENT AN ERP

SOLUTION AS A STEPPING STONE FOR THE 4TH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Johannes Oberholzer, Leri Bezuidenhout*

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) solutions aim to increase efficiency and automate certain business processes to help gain a competitive edge in the market. The implementation process of an ERP system is a complex, costly and time-consuming process, with a high failure rate. ERP failure is mostly caused by organisational and social factors, rather than technical factors. With the Fourth Industrial Revolution on the rise, companies need to aim at bringing together digital, biological and physical technologies in new combinations starting with the ERP system. This research aims at identifying the readiness level of a company to implement a system that integrates company wide data and processes management across multiple platforms, departments and locations. The outcome of this research is a suggested framework showing the organisational readiness level for successful Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) implementation.

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Qmuzik Technologies

3892 THE CURSE OF COUNTING AND THE DESTINY OF DATA

Paul Kruger* Writing numbers for counting and record keeping predates the art of writing by a considerable margin. Never in the history of humankind has the urge to count and to measure everything been so prevalent as today. Numbers were traditionally used to count, measure, and label, but simple numbers have transformed into “DATA” which has become an important, intrinsic and all invasive part of life. Furthermore, the transformation from data to useful knowledge and maybe some wisdom requires inter alia the application of statistical analysis and mathematical modelling. Two applications, illustrating this process, will be presented: The possible existence of an association between some human characteristics, for example, neck circumference and general health, will be investigated and a model based on nonlinear regression presented. A system dynamics model to investigate the dynamic characteristics of a human sub-system will be developed and discussed. This paper is merely an attempt to investigate the possibility and viability of developing data dependent models of a medical nature.

Professor Emeritus, Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Pretoria, South Africa.

4. Manufacturing Environment

3598 ENERGY COST REDUCTION IN SECONDARY STEEL MAKING THROUGH IMPROVED PRODUCTION PLANNING

Wiehan Pelser* The international steel manufacturing industry is under financial pressure due to a surplus in production flooding the market. In a South African context, steel producers deal with additional challenges such as the increasing cost of raw materials, electricity tariffs, wages, and transportation. Steel manufacturing facilities consume approximately 18% of industrial energy worldwide. Further research indicates that between 20% and 40% of steel production costs originate from energy expenses. In this paper, production scheduling is used in a novel way to reduce energy cost. The developed solution uses various energy awareness implementation techniques and supporting systems to assist production planners with scheduling tasks. Opportunities for energy cost reduction by improving production planning methods are evaluated, and suggestions are made for production planners to adapt schedules to reduce energy costs. The solution is applied at a secondary steel making facility, and is used to manage electricity costs by utilising time-of-use tariffs. Electrical energy intensity of different steel qualities are evaluated, and production is scheduled accordingly. The practical implementation indicates an annual cost reduction of R 1.5-million. This solution makes provision for the addition and integration of other potential production scheduling solutions.

Wiehan Pelser holds a Masters degree in Electric and Electronic Engineering from the North-West University. He is currently a PhD student at the North-West University's Centre for Research and Continued Engineering Development (CRCED) in Pretoria.

3837 A RECONFIGURABLE ROBOTIC END EFFECTOR FOR MACHINING AND PART HANDLING

Clydene Reddy* Robot machining forms a significant portion of Industry 4.0 in Smart Factories. Industrial robots require an end effector to perform tasks. The purpose of this study is to research and develop a reconfigurable robotic end effector for machining and part handling. Such a device would eliminate the need of multiple robots for part handling and lengthy end effector changes. This research will involve the complete mechanical, conceptualization, detailed design, manufacturing and testing of this new end effector. The reconfigurable platform requires modular gripper architecture and compact machine tool system. Flexible tendon cable-driven grippers are versatile, compact and offer a large degree of compliance. Vibrations at the tool-tip results in reduced surface quality while instability can decrease spindle life. The spindle will be designed to reduce chatter and enhance dynamic stability. The concept utilizes a flexible gripper system in conjunction with a compact, lightweight milling cutter capable of machining non-ferrous metals. Analytical tools such as Kinematic analysis to determine gripper-finger dynamics, Vibration analysis of the spindle-tool to determine the frequency response function, Stability Lobes to determine chatter-free cutting parameters and Finite Element Analysis to determine strength properties of the mechanical design; will be utilized to enhance and validate the concept.

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Clydene Emmanual Reddy completed his graduate studies in Mechanical Engineering (BSc Eng) in 2017 at the University of

KwaZulu-Natal. He is currently enrolled as a postgraduate engineer at the University of KwaZulu-Natal. His primary

function is Masters research on the project – The research and development of a reconfigurable robotic end effector for

machining and part handling. He tutors and demonstrates at the University as well. His research is a component of the

Robotic Machining Project at MR2G (Mechatronics and Robotics Research Group). The project has been awarded the NRF

Thuthuka grant in 2018.

3783 ROOT CAUSE ANALYSIS FOR REDUCTION OF WASTE ON RUBBER CABLES

Mendon Dewa* In view to meet rising demand of infrastructure needs, rubber electrical cable manufacturing plants should be equipped with latest state of the art modern machinery to offer quality products that are specifically designed to meet electrical and physical specifications and standards. The case-in-point plant experienced a sudden significant increase in excess length scrap and this scenario necessitated an investigation to ascertain the root cause of waste on rubber cables. The methodology that was employed embraced determination of the cable process and material flow and then development of a cause and effect diagram. The cause and effect diagram highlighted that there were numerous causes for the waste on rubber cables, with human error as the greatest source of waste. Additionally, concerning measurement, improper calibration resulted in huge variance in length from machine to machine. It was recommended that machine length counters should be calibrated to a single reference machine and use of two main length counters. An internal printing line was also created to eliminate the rewind line phase. It was also imperative to educate the operators about the correct standard operating procedures and methods to be followed.

Durban University of Technology, Department of Industrial Engineering - Lecturer

3594 DEVELOPING A BY-PRODUCT GAS CONTROLLER TO IMPROVE ON-SITE ELECTRICITY GENERATION FOR IRON

AND STEEL MANUFACTURING Wynand Breytenbach*, Alexander Ludick, Johan Marais

High production costs and low steel demands recently placed the South African steelmaking industry under severe pressure. The industry is forced to evaluate and improve its current systems to improve profitability. The dated sector can relieve stress by implementing technologies of the present age. This paper proposes a simulation model that can be used to test system improvement initiatives on the gas network. The iron and steel making process produces combustible gases. These gases are recovered as by-products and used as fuel gas in combination with natural gas and Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO). By-product gases are used to generate heat typically for furnaces or to generate additional electricity through an on-site power generation plant. This gas distribution network is kept safe by flaring excess by-product gas. The proposed simulation model was verified on a case study highlighting the difficulties in predicting by-product gas behaviour as well as the benefit that a gas distribution simulation model can have.

Holds a PhD in Engineering development and management from the North-West University. Currently a post-doctoral student at the North-West University's Centre for Research and Continued Engineering Development (CRCED) in Pretoria.

5. Engineering Management

3585 THE 4TH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION'S IMPACT ON RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN MANUFACTURERS AND

DISTRIBUTORS Ludolf Badenhorst*

A system that will be affected by Industry 4.0 is the value chain of manufacturers. Currently the relationship between manufacturers and distributors plays an important role in their success, but it will be tested vigorously while competing in the Industry 4.0 era. Governance structure between the manufacturer and distributor is a means to nurture their relationship, but will have to be tested whether it is sufficient to mitigate risks the distributor might face in the era of Industry 4.0. This study analysed the feedback from 98 South African distributors and found that there is a correlation between the current governance structure in place and distributors willingness to invest towards Industry 4.0, as well as the potential increase in transaction costs.

University of PretoriaFaculty of Engineering, the Built Environment and Information Technology (EBIT), Graduate School of Technology Management(GSTM). Course: Masters in Engineering Management (MEM) Rank: Postgraduate Student

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3586 INDUSTRY 4.0 IMPLICATIONS IN THE AUTOMOTIVE AFTERSALES SECTOR IN SOUTH AFRICA: A LITERATURE

REVIEW Edward Davies*, Rojanette Coetzee

Industry 4.0 is currently a hot topic that has gained swift momentum across various industries and disciplines in recent years. It is therefore not surprising that several transformation frameworks have been developed for specific industries, to assist organisations to prepare and align themselves adequately for the change management required to usher them into the next era of Industrial Revolution. This paper provides a literature review of Industry 4.0 in general, where after the implications thereof in the automotive industry, and more specifically the automotive aftersales sector, are discussed. After considering existing Industry 4.0 transformation frameworks, the author proposes a transformation framework for the South African automotive aftersales sector.

Holds Masters in Electrical Engineering as well as a Doctorate in Operations Management. I am currently employed in the Automotive industry and have held positions in manufacturing as Production Quality Engineer, Production Supervisor and acting Production Manager. Currently I am employed within the Sales and Marketing sphere of the business as a Regional Manager.

6. Supply Chain Management

4081 LOOKING BEYOND THE STORM Renier Steynberg*, Ashleigh Jacobs

RCL FOODS is a leading African food producer based in Durban, South Africa. Employing over 20 000 staff and with operations across South Africa, Swaziland, Namibia, Botswana, Uganda and Zambia, RCL delivers much loved brands to foodservice customers & consumers. The logistics division of RCL FOODS, Vector, is a sales & merchandising and specialist multi-temperature supply chain partner covering bulk & secondary warehousing and transport service solutions, offering services to both RCL FOODS and external partners. Given the prevailing economic climate, stagnant GDP and increasing political instability prior to 2018, South African businesses were faced with continued low growth prospects & rising costs. The added volatility and disruption in the form of imports, avian flu, drought, and retailer centralisation, coupled with the rise of the digital supply chain and ever increasing customer expectations, made this challenging business environment even more turbulent for Vector to navigate. These challenges, and the journey that was taken by the company to navigate this period, are discussed.

RCL FOODS & Vector Logistics

3494 A CASE STUDY - MANAGING OPERATIONAL AND SUPPLY CHAIN EFFICIENCY: STOCHASTIC MODELLING OF A

NEW PRODUCTION FACILITY Jacobus de Wet*, Jan-Harm Pretorius

An industrial company has embarked on an expansion project to create more capacity to meet the growing demand for one of its high-end product ranges. The final step in the production process constitutes of solidification, packaging, local storage and distribution. A stochastic simulation model in Arena Simulation Software was developed to represent the packaging activities, transportation between intermediate storage facilities and the product outbound supply chain. The aim of this study is to analyse the impact of the additional production volumes on the high-end product range packaging facility and the outbound supply chain capabilities and constraints. The study determined the required fleet and staging capacity at the production facility. A compelling business case is justified to expand the staging capacity as it holds significant opportunity cost.

Sasol Group Supply Chain

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7. Enterprise Engineering

3656 TOWARD THE DEVELOPMENT OF SUSTAINABLE BUSINESS MODELS FOR SOCIAL ENTERPRISES

Ridge Armstrong*, Sara Grobbelaar With social depravation and inequities on the rise, social enterprise has been the response offered to combat this trend. These social enterprises are required to be autonomous, sustainable and meet the social needs that are not being fulfilled by government or the private sector. Research has been focussed on the definition of social enterprise but has not sufficiently examined the concepts of sustainability and business models within the social enterprise context. A conceptual framework is proposed that synthesizes sustainability, business model and social enterprise components.

Master of Industrial Engineering student, Stellenbosch University

3705 A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE DUE DILIGENCE STAGE OF MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS TOWARDS A

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK Vivek Bhagwan*, Sara Grobbelaar, Wouter Bam

Organisations are under constant pressure to grow in the face of increased competition, changing conditions, shrinking geographical boundaries and increasingly relaxed country and currency regulatory environments. In order to remain a player or an industry leader, it is imperative for companies to achieve real growth. Mergers and acquisitions (M&A) is an external mechanism for organisations to achieve real growth. There are different stages in the typical M&A transaction. The due diligence stage of a transaction is critical in evaluating whether or not to proceed with a deal. It further provides essential information that is used in setting negotiating parameters, determining bid prices and providing a basis for initial integration recommendations. The due diligence process therefore should be managed effectively as in doing so, a higher probability of success is secured for the deal. A systematic literature review was undertaken to establish the key concepts behind due diligence. The due diligence process is multidisciplinary in nature thus a wide range of literature was reviewed in order to gain a hollistic understanding of due diligence processes. Concepts identified during the review process were then individually examined. Concepts which had similarities were grouped together into one new concept. The outcome of this paper forms the basis of a conceptual framework which captures the key areas of due diligence, the due diligence process as well as due diligence principles. Vivek Bhagwan is a full-time postgraduate student at the Department of Industrial Engineering at Stellenbosch University. He is completing his M.Eng (Engineering Management). He is part of the Mergers and Acquisitions Research group in the department. His research focus is on due diligence in mergers and acquisitions.

8. Industrial Engineering in the Health Sector

3651 LEAPFROGGING TO INDUSTRY 4.0: LESSONS FROM THE HEALTHCARE INDUSTRY

Whisper Maisiri*, Liezl van Dyk The first three industrial revolutions, namely Industry 1.0 (mechanization), Industry 2.0 (mass production through electrification) and Industry 3.0 (automation), lasted several hundreds of years. Now the era of Industry 4.0 (the fourth industrial revolution) has come. Industry 4.0 encompasses a paradigm shift from automated systems to intelligent systems, with the objective being to optimize and achieve sustainable systems. Industry 4.0 is becoming standard practice in developed countries. In contrast, developing countries still have to catch up with the industrial revolution phases that have played out in developed countries already. This presents a leapfrogging opportunity for developing countries to go straight into Industry 4.0. The impact of this could be far-reaching, as it could enable developing countries to attain the goal of inclusive and sustainable industrial development. The purpose of this article is to critically investigate the opportunities and challenges of Industry 4.0 for developed and developing countries using the private and public health sector as a point of investigation. The article presents a comprehensive literature review on Industry 4.0 focusing on healthcare systems. Applying this to the private and public healthcare sectors could aid the identification of leapfrogging opportunities beyond the healthcare industry.

Lecturer at Walter Sisulu University and pursueing a PhD in Industrial Engineering with North-West Uiniversity, Potchefstroom Campus.

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3675 A DECISION SUPPORT TOOL FOR EXPLORING PHARAMCEUTICAL SUPPLY CHAIN DATA

Christian Nolting*, Sara Grobbelaar, Jan H. van Vuuren South Africa is facing a serious burden of disease, which is exacerbated by a dysfunctional public health care system. Blind, general estimates are often made in respect of crucial pharmaceutical inventory variables. This results in slow-moving pharmaceutical drugs being overstocked and fast-moving drugs being understocked at outlets and distribution centres. Consequently, large wastages are incurred in terms of drugs being discarded in bulk after passing their expiration date. As a result, patients are deprived of essential medicines due to enduring stock-outs. This paper aims to present the conceptual design of a decision support tool, which aids decision makers in determining pharmaceutical inventory variables that align with key objectives and keep the best interest of patients in mind.

Industrial Engineering Department, MEng (Research) Engineering Management Student, Stellenbosch University

9. Engineering Management

3526 COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE DURING INDUSTRY 4.0: THE CASE FOR SOUTH AFRICAN MANUFACTURING SMES

Matt Futcher, Bernadette Sunjka* With the expected disruption of industry 4.0 and the current challenges that SMEs face in South Africa, there is an increasing threat that SMEs will lose any competitive advantage they currently have. This exploratory study investigates how South African manufacturing SMEs can remain competitive during the fourth industrial revolution. Data, in the form of current literature, was analysed using thematic content analysis. From the analysis process, 8 emergent themes were used to organise the results of the study. Notable findings towards generating competitive advantage included: the location of SMEs within clusters, collaboration with disruption leaders, the sharing of outcomes across the value chain, the shift of business models towards a service and software orientation, the use of data-driven insights to find and capture high margin markets and the increased effectiveness of labour through technology use. The study also found that the use of the internet of things and cloud computing can significantly reduce infrastructure requirements and promote a competitive advantage.

Masters student in the School of Mechanical, Industrial and Aeronautical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand

3553 AN INFORMATION SYSTEMS APPROACH TO THE PROACTIVE MANAGEMENT OF SUBSCRIBER IDENTIFICATION

MODULES IN INDUSTRY Jaco Prinsloo*, Marc Mathews, Johan du Plessis, Jan Vosloo

The Industry 4.0 paradigm focuses heavily on decentralisation, modularity and interoperability. These principles form the foundation for an effective Industry 4.0 ecosystem. The South African heavy industry still relies heavily on the traditional approach to centralised monitoring and control. Various Industry 4.0 initiatives have however been proposed and implemented in the heavy industry sector. For these initiatives to operate effectively, a stable network layer is required to facilitate reliable data transfer. To achieve data transfer over large geographical distances, most industrial information systems make use of mobile cellular networks, which implies the use of subscriber identification modules (SIMs) and supporting hardware such as network routers. The mismanagement of SIM cards can however result in excessive communication costs, which can in turn hamper the effectiveness of wireless data transmission. This paper presents a comprehensive information and asset management system to assist with overall SIM card management. The system allows for the accurate analysis of communication costs and ensures transparency both in the financial domain and in the physical domain. Results in this paper illustrate the effectiveness of this system in isolating communication anomalies that result in excessive data costs. The results show that the system can improve the quality and reliability of wide-area wireless telemetry and maintain indirect expenses that are associated with industrial information system communications. The proposed system assisted in reducing overall wide-area wireless communication cost with approximately 62%.

Mr. Jaco Prinsloo holds a B.Eng. degree in Computer Engineering. He is currently enrolled for his Masters studies at the North-West University's Centre for Research and Continued Engineering Development (CRCED) in Pretoria.

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3556 THE SUITABILITY OF SAP ERP TO GENERATE A MAINTENANCE ZERO BASED BUDGET

Colin Saffy*, Joke Buhrmann To determine the ability of SAP ERP to generate a maintenance zero-based budget, a case study was conducted at Company X, using the FY17 maintenance budget (approximately R138M). From the information obtained it was determined that the maintenance module (within SAP ERP) could only accurately allocate 35.3% of the maintenance costs for FY17. Further findings found that by changing the cost centre structure of the maintenance module in SAP ERP one could increase the cost visibility to from 35.3% to 88%. It was therefore concluded that SAP ERP is suitable to generate a maintenance zero-based budget, if setup correctly.

University of the Witwatersrand

10. Industrial Engineering in Mining

3612 OPTIMISING PRODUCTION THROUGH IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF MINE COMPRESSED AIR NETWORKS

WITH LIMITED INFRASTRUCTURE Diaan Nell*

The gold mining industry of South Africa has been experiencing a decline in gold production. This decline is due to a unique set of challenges faced by this industry; encouraging deep-level mines to use existing infrastructure much more efficiently. One area offering large potential for optimisation is addressing deep-level gold mine compressed air network inefficiencies. Through addressing these inefficiencies, an increase in rock penetration rate can be achieved on the pneumatically hand operated rock drills, leading to reduced drilling times and potentially improved production figures. An investigation performed on Mine A indicated that a specific compressed air network inefficiency contributed to a pressure drop of approximately 19% during peak drilling periods. Simulations indicated that replacing specific undersized pipe sections with the correct sized pipes, would reduce the pressure drop to only 5% during peak drilling periods. The simulated solution was implemented and resulted in a peak drilling pressure increase of approximately 62 kPa. This supply pressure increase translated into a potential production increase of approximately R 11-million per annum.

NWU CRCED Pretoria

3652 ENVIRONMENTAL DATA BENCHMARKING REPORTING STRUCTURE FOR THE SOUTH AFRICAN GOLD MINING

INDUSTRY Hendrika Magdalena Janse van Rensburg*

In recent years legislative and economic pressure have placed pressure on the gold mining industry to be pro-active in sustainable development. Companies should therefore not only report but manage their environmental impact. Most mining companies have implemented an environmental data management system which collects the data for reporting. However, companies lack the reporting structure to identify environmental optimisation opportunities. This paper develops a simplified environmental report structure that can be used by top management for effective environmental management. The methodology focuses on identifying environmental standard requirements followed by benchmarking each business unit in terms of best practices and previous performance. Each business unit will then be visually displayed against set benchmarking targets to identify underperformance. The main goal is to structure the knowledge obtain from the operations information in a manner to drive optimisation opportunity identification. The methodology was implemented on a large gold mining company. Underperforming business units were identified. Further investigation identified electricity and water use saving opportunities at one of these operations.

Mrs. HM Janse van Rensburg is currently enrolled in her PhD studies at the North-West University's Centre for Research and Continued Engineering Development (CRCED) in Pretoria.

3608 SIMULATING OPERATIONAL IMPROVEMENTS ON MINE COMPRESSED AIR SYSTEMS

Charl Cilliers*, Brandon Friedenstein, Johann Van Rensburg Compressed air systems are one of the most significant energy users on mines with an approximate contribution of 20% to the total electrical energy consumption on a mine. Research has shown that these compressed air networks are systemically inefficient. Hence, improving the efficiency of these systems would result in a significant reduction in energy

42

costs. For this paper, a simulation methodology was developed and investigations were conducted into compressed air systems. A compressed air system was subsequently modelled and a proposed means of improvement was simulated, analysed and quantified. A South African gold mine was used as a case study. the results showed that by reducing air usage at refuge bays, an average power reduction of 0.9 megawatt could be achieved. The improvement in efficiency could potentially lead to R 6.3 – million in annual energy cost savings. The study shows how simulations can help to improve efficiency and profitability of the mining industry.

Dr Charl Cilliers holds a PhD in mechanical engineering from the North-West University. He is currently a post-doctoral student at the North-West University's Centre for Research and Continued Engineering Development (CRCED) in Pretoria.

3894 DYNAMIC OPTIMISATION OF DEEP-LEVEL MINE REFRIGERATION CONTROL

Pieter Peach*, Johan Bredenkamp, Johann van Rensburg Artificial cooling remains vital to the deep-level mining industry. This is mainly to ensure a safe underground working environment. Unfortunately, the refrigeration systems of South African gold mines are outdated. Aging infrastructure and increasing distances to active mining areas present this industry with a unique set of cooling challenges. Mines are deeper and more complex than ever, yet their refrigeration systems operate according to original design specifications. The importance of mine refrigeration systems adapting to a dynamic environment becomes evident. One solution to this challenge is to re-evaluate the control of refrigeration systems based on dynamic cooling needs. Control optimisation strategies were implemented on a case study to improve the overall performance of a refrigeration system. The implementation of these strategies resulted in multiple benefits for the mine. The operational performance of the refrigeration system was optimised, resulting in both service delivery improvements and energy efficiency. During summer months the chill dam temperature decreased by 1°C at a lower energy consumption of 38 MWh per day. This accumulates to a financial cost saving of R9 million per annum. This study proves that operational performance increases are possible through dynamic control optimisation of deep-level mine refrigeration systems.

Mr. Peach, PFH, holds a Masters degree in mechanical engineering from the North-West University. He is currently enrolled in his PhD studies at the North-West University's Centre for Research and Continued Engineering Development (CRCED) in Pretoria.

11. Simulation and Operations Research

3657 WARM-START HEURISTICS FOR SOLVING PASSIVE OPTICAL NETWORK PLANNING PROBLEM

Ruan Luies*, Stephanus Terblanche, Magdalena Grobler The use of automated network planning systems is crucial for reducing deployment cost and planning time of passive optical telecommunication networks. Mixed integer linear programming is well suited for the purpose of modelling passive optical networks, however, excessive computing times for solving large-scale problem instances render these approaches impractical. In this paper, an arc-based, path-based and a composite integer linear programming formulation of the passive optical network planning problem is considered. A reduction in computing times and peak memory usage are obtained by applying multiple heuristics as warm-starts to these problem formulations. Finally, the computational results presented in this paper are based on real-world Geographic Information System data, more specifically, a neighbourhood in Potchefstroom, South Africa.

Ruan Luies is pursuing his PhD in Industrial Engineering at the North-West University. He received his MEng in Computer and Electronic Engineering in 2018. His research interests include optimisation, automated network planning and parallel algorithms.

3767 THE SIN OF AVERAGING; WHY OPTIMISATION IS IMPERATIVE REQUIRED

Philip Venter*, Stephanus Terblanche, Martin van Eldik A common engineering practise is to implement averaging of production-related data during decision-making processes. Average values of a data set are typically applied to determine an operating set-point or the sizing of equipment for investment purposes. In a production environment, where production-related outputs are within a sufficient small standard deviation, making use of average parameter levels may prove to be satisfactory. This may, however, not be suitable towards engineering production plants where more erratic fluctuations are observed.

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This paper demonstrates how the averaging of production data in a fluctuating process environment may result in sub-optimal design and investment decisions. A case study is presented where results from an investment optimisation model, which incorporates historic profiles, are compared to possible investment outcomes based on average parameter levels. Results indicate that typical averaged production profiles may yield sub-optimal investment decisions with over-optimistic expected incomes.

School of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering; Lector

3668

DESIGN OPTIMISATION OF WET SPENT GRAIN DRYING SYSTEM Maxwell Dzanya, Kudakwashe Pasurayi, Portia Mupfumira*, Steven Kasukusa

The purpose of this research was to optimize a wet spent grain drying system. Wet spent grains commonly known as ‘masase’, in Zimbabwe is one of the major raw material used in food industries to produce animal feeds since it has high protein and fiber content in it. The design was fast, efficient and reduced drying time unlike the current drying method (sun drying) which has high drying time of about two to three days for a 4-ton batch. Current drying method practiced at Windmill Stock Feeds is time consuming, depletes nutrient content and produces toxic gases due to prolonged time of exposure of wet brewer’s grains, it was necessary to come up with a drying system that addresses the stated problems associated with this conventional method. The design is a microcontroller based which uses moisture and temperature sensors that detect the inner temperature and moisture content of the material at the outlet. It also consists of a temperature control and monitoring system for effective drying of wet brewer’s grains. Quantitative and qualitative methods were used as tools to gather relevant information on how to come up with an effective drying system and different types of drying methods in which heat is applied to the material through radiation, convection or conduction. The researchers managed to develop an effective and efficient dryer with an above 70% drying efficiency reducing food contamination and the drying time of wet brewer’s grains.

Lecturer, Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Enineering, Harare Institute of Technology

3543

ESTIMATING DELAY AT A SIGNALIZED INTERSECTION USING QUEUING MODELS Zanele Mpanza*

Intersections have been identified as the most complex location in a traffic system. This is due to the number of movements that occur within an intersection. Delays have a negative impact on motorists as well as in the economy. Traffic signals are implemented to reduce this burden, but this is determined by the signal timing. The pre-timed traffic signal control assigns the right of way at an intersection according to predetermined schedule; and does not accommodate short-term fluctuations. The purpose of this study was to estimate the delay at an intersection using queuing models. The study uses field data collection.

Zanele Mpanza is a Lecturer in the department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering.

12. Railway Engineering

3539 TRAIN DRIVER AUTOMATION STRATEGIES TO MITIGATE SIGNALS PASSED AT DANGER ON SOUTH AFRICAN

RAILWAYS Johannes Hendrik van der Merwe*, Bernadette Sunjka

Train derailments or collisions have the potential to result in catastrophic loss of life and/or destruction of property. Ever higher demands for train density (i.e. trains per hour for a given section of track) as well as the catastrophic results when accidents do occur have given rise to the development of railway signalling systems as mitigation measures. Signals Passed At Danger (SPADs) refers to when a train driver passes a stop signal without authority and is one of the typical causes of such accidents resulting in significant damages reported within Transnet Freight Rail (TFR) in recent years. Studies have shown human train driver error and violation of signals to be a significant cause of SPAD events. This study investigated the application of train driver automation as a mitigation measure against SPADs within the South African railway environment in general and TFR in particular. The study was qualitative in nature, following a model development methodology and used in-depth, semi-structured interviews with railway signalling engineers for data collection. The primary goal was defined to be the development of a train driver function automation method that could be considered the most appropriate within the TFR operational environment. The study determined the most appropriate method to be that of having a human driver with technical supervision. In this

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arrangement, the human driver could remain in his conventional role of driving the train but with a technical supervision system superimposed that automatically intervenes if a train driver exceeds his movement authority (e.g. Automatic Train Protection or ATP). This approach mitigates many of the costs imposed by human failure associated with SPAD events, yet retains the value of human flexibility which is especially useful under abnormal circumstances.

Masters student in the School of Mechanical, Industrial and Aeronautical Engineering, UNiversity of the Witwatersrand

3641

THE QUALITY OF COMMUTER RAIL SERVICE IN THE CITY OF CAPE TOWN: IDENTIFYING THE FACTORS AFFECTING THE PROVISION OF A RELIABLE COMMUTER RAIL

Philani Zincume*, Tom Ryan, Corrinne Shaw The 2013 survey conducted by the National Household Travel Survey found that the majority of the commuter rail service users are dissatisfied with the quality of the service due to the lack of reliability characterised by the increase in the percentage of train cancellations and delays. This paper uses the Grounded Theory as its main methodology and develops the theory of commuter rail provision using Systems Archetypes and presents it in the form of a Causal Loop Diagram. The developed theory is then used to recommend a solution loop that seeks to improve the quality of commuter rail service.

Stellenbosch University, Department of Industrial Engineering, Lecturer

3681

ANALYSIS OF DEMAND FORECASTING STRATEGIES AND PRACTICES FOR EMPTY RAIL WAGONS - A SOUTH AFRICAN CASE

Robert Mutyavavire*, Meshack Mazibuko Optimized demand management strategies and associated forecasting approaches make critically important contributions towards enhanced customer demand satisfaction and overall business sustainability. In this paper we interrogate current empty rail wagon demand forecasting practices in the Southern African rail industry and present inadequacies noted. We further analyze case company time series demand data for empty wagons over a period of four years. A quantitative forecasting model based on the Holts-Winters method is developed and tested against real life data. Good to reasonable forecast results are recorded for forecast periods up to twelve months with the best forecasts recorded for the six to twelve months’ forecast period.

Lecturer, Industrial Engineering Department, University of Johannesburg

3823

PROPOSE A CONCEPTUAL PROGNOSTIC MODEL BASED ON THE CONDITION OF RAILWAY VEHICLE MOVING COMPONENTS

Jacques Coetzee*, Leon Pretorius The aim of all companies is to increase their profitability and it is no different for the railway environment. Possible steps toward obtaining this goal includes reducing costs, increasing productivity and efficiency. One focus area within the railway technical environment that can facilitate in obtaining these goals is maintenance. Even though conventional strategies such as corrective and preventive maintenance have proven to be lifesaving in some cases, it does not always adhere to the cost saving and process efficiency drives by companies. A new strategy of predictive maintenance is being investigated which is based on forecasting of system degradation through a prognostic process by using condition monitoring data. The objective of this paper is to propose a prognostic model which will be used for predicting the most cost and time effective maintenance schedule for a railway wagon based on the condition of its bogies, wheels, bearings and brake blocks.

University of Pretoria, Research Group for Systems Energy and Innovation

13. Engineering Management

3857

RAPIDLY ARRIVING FUTURES: FUTURE READINESS FOR INDUSTRY 4.0 Anthon Botha*

The future being shaped by Industry 4.0 has arrived. Tools are available which anticipate the future, approximate it, estimate it and select a preferred future, but do we know how to make disruptive futures part of our business and lives? Building on Technology Readiness Levels and Manufacturing Readiness Levels, Future Readiness Levels and a Future Readiness Index are suggested in this paper. The Future Readiness Levels (FRL) are based on readiness at the technology,

45

behaviour, event and future thinking capability levels. A Future Readiness Index (FRI) is then determined based on the entire future thinking space (technology, behaviour, events and capability to do future thinking). Once the FRL and FRI are known, it will become clear what strategic interventions are required to thrive in a preferred future. The existing and desired situation in future readiness are compared and the gaps are addressed. This approach provides a tool for internal monitoring and evaluation of the state of the organisation to remain sustainable and competitive in a future that is arriving rapidly , to competitively compare organisations in a similar cluster, benchmarking at industry level, as well as ultimately, having a potential for measuring the future readiness of nations. Dr Anthon Botha is Managing Director of TechnoScene (Pty) Ltd, a Future Thinking consultancy that operates in the realms of technology management, innovation management and knowledge management. He is also a part-time academic at the Graduate School of Technology Management at the University of Pretoria and Extra-ordinary Professor at the Department of Industrial Engineering, Stellenbosch University, South Africa.

3723

USING AN ADAPTED SYSTEM DYNAMICS APPROACH TO DETERMINE THE LINKAGE BETWEEN ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET PENETRATION AND AFFORDABILITY

Nalini Pillay*, Alan Brent, Josephine Musango This paper focuses on an adapted process for system dynamics modelling based on industry experience and the successful implementation of system dynamics models within an electricity utility. The modelling process was demonstrated using a case study of battery electric vehicle (BEV) market penetration in South Africa and its substitution of internal combustion engine vehicle, as a function of affordability based on real disposable income. The results indicate that South Africans are living beyond their “income” constraints and purchasing far more vehicles than what their disposable income allows, with the situation worsening over time. The Gauteng province will have the largest potential to absorb BEVs (81,123) and the highest impact on residential electricity consumption (an additional 4,291 GWh) whilst the lowest is the Northern Cape province with 5,140 BEVs (an equivalent of 272 GWh). However, if disposable income is used as a parametric to determine the affordability of BEVs then there may be 80% less than the expected number of BEVs in terms of market penetration. To benefit from a reduction in carbon emissions in the transport sector, a renewables heavy supply mix would be required else there is not much benefit with South Africa’s current coal heavy supply mix.

Eskom Research Testing & Development Corporate Specialist: System Dynamics

3784

CAN THE MACHINE! Dieter Hartmann*

Informal waste collection is a sophisticated network of waste collectors, scavengers, sorters and transporters. This system sources waste to recycling companies in exchange for money. Millions of people make a living as waste pickers. Their work contributes positively toward the economy, the environment and public health. Informal waste collection is well described in many countries, however, little information on the commercial and spatial structure exists for South African operations. This study explored the operations of informal waste collection in Bethlehem in the Free State and Johannesburg in Gauteng, with 20 and 40 informal participants respectively. Data were collected through interviews, group discussions and participant and direct observations. Informal waste pickers collect, sort, transport and sell recyclables to registered and privately-owned companies in exchange for money. The most common materials collected are white paper, plastic bottles and aluminium cans. Informal waste collectors in Bethlehem and Johannesburg collect their recyclables from the streets, dumpsites, landfill sites, shops, rubbish bins and municipal containers. Most informal waste pickers are male. Waste pickers use trolleys and wheeled bins as transport. Informal waste collectors usually collect recyclables at proximity to where they live and trade their recyclables at the nearest formal recycling company.

Informal workers in Johannesburg work longer hours a compared to those in Bethlehem, but those in Bethlehem earn more money due to lower competition.

Hazaa! Consulting

3734

TOWARDS AN INITIATIVE BASED INDUSTRY 4.0 MATURITY IMPROVEMENT PROCESS: MASTER DRILLING AS A CASE STUDY

Gideon Maasz*, Hasan Darwish Industry 4.0 is an unavoidable global revolution with disruptive effects. Many sectors in South Africa are currently ‘underprepared’ for the transformation necessary to stay competitive. Therefore, an ever-present need exists for the

46

country to stay relevant within the global industry. The mining sector consists of different companies, contributing to the sector in its entirety. Major potential exists if this Industry 4.0 wave is properly leveraged and its technologies integrated into the operations of this sector. To fully utilize emerging opportunities, areas of weakness within the sector should be identified and appropriately addressed. This article takes a different approach in understanding mining sector readiness by analyzing a company within the sector. A case study is done at Master Drilling to identify possible areas of weakness and potential focusing on Industry 4.0 initiatives. This is further enforced by use of a TOWS analysis on the company, regarding Industry 4.0. An Industry 4.0 maturity analysis is conducted to identify the areas of further investigation. A process is created to enable any entity to analyze its maturity, providing an approach leading to area-focused technology innovations within that company.

Gideon Maasz is currently a Junior Industrial Engineer, employed full time by Master Drilling, a world leader in the Raisebore industry. He is in the first year of his Masters studies in Industrial Engineering which focuses specifically on the use of data-driven dashboards to increase the effectiveness of drilling operations. This is his first attempted/published article as well as the first conference at which he presents.

3713 A METHODOLOGY TO ASSIST PROJECT-BASED ORGANISATIONS TO UTILISE AND DEVELOP PROJECT

MANAGEMENT CAPABILITY AS A STRATEGIC ASSET TO INCREASE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE Coenraad J Nel*

Project Management, in business, plays both a functional and a strategic role in the sustainability of the organisation. The former, and its role towards the success of the organisation, has been researched intensively. The strategic role of Project Management towards the long-term sustainable success of an organisation is a new research topic with limited existing work done. A need therefore exists in project-based organisations to utilise their Project Management capabilities, not only towards functionally delivering successful projects but to apply it as a strategic asset to increase long-term organisational competitive advantage. The aim of this study, and goal of this paper, is to research the importance of Project Management as a strategic asset and to develop a model which can be used to evaluate the strength of Project Management as a strategic asset. This aim will be reached by conducting an integrated literature study on the knowledge areas of Project-Based Organisations, Project Management Capability- and Maturity Models and Strategic Management.

Stellenbosch University Department of Industrial Engineering PHD Candidate

14. Supply Chain Management

3692 SUPPLY CHAINS OF THE FUTURE

Martin Bailey* It is estimated that Supply Chains contribute close on 15% of the Gross National Product of South Africa. Strategically the efficiency of supply chains often drives the competitiveness of business. Radical changes are happening throughout the world’s supply chains. Ecommerce has revolutionised the way retail businesses are thinking and automation (of physical and information processes) is changing processes in almost every sphere of the business. Add Artificial Intelligence, and it is clear the supply chains of tomorrow are going to be very different to the supply chains of today. This presentation focuses on presenting the future trends in supply chains and how industry and personnel will need to adapt to this rapidly changing environment.

Martin Bailey is a Professional Engineer with a Masters Degree from the University of Witwatersrand. He is presently Chairman of Industrial Logistic Systems, a leading Warehousing and Supply Chain Consultancy in South Africa. He has designed and implemented over 500 warehouse facilities locally and abroad. His clients include the “who’s who” of the industry and he’s known for his practical and pragmatic approach to solving problems. Martin is on council of several institutes. He promotes education in the Supply Chain sector and is a regular contributor to journals, also helping set many standards used in the local distribution industry.

3887

STUDY ON RISK PREVENTION AND CONTROL MECHANISM OF LOGISTICS PROJECT Dafeng Xu*

This paper analyzes the definition and division of modern logistics in the logistics industry, and expounds the project management model faced by logistics issues in the transitional period. It further analyzes and interprets project management in the logistics industry, regulates and annotates the meaning of the project, and defines its specific

47

operation contents as "5 + 1", which extracts the theoretical basis and practical needs of the project risk management mechanism. The risk categories are divided into two major categories, four sub-categories, eight classifications and 24 sub-items. Furthermore the probability of various risk occurrences is initially established and then the evaluation methods as well as responding solutions against various degrees of losses are designed so as to establish a set of independent risk prevention and control mechanisms for the logistics project - Five Steps Risk Management and "network" risk control mechanism. This study is carried out based on the case of Korea Hanjin Shipping Bankruptcy, which proves the necessity of the project management mode and risk prevention and control mechanism. Through the practical trial operation in the logistics enterprises, the study validates the feasibility of the theory contained in this paper in a real operation.

University of Pretoria

3743

DEMAND FORECASTING FOR NETWORK CAPACITY PLANNING IN ELECTRICAL UTILITIES: A REVIEW OF EXISTING METHODS CONSIDERING THE EVOLVING TECHNOLOGIES OF THE ENERGY ARENA

Jana Breedt*, Louis Louw, Imke De Kock Planning for sufficient energy resources in a country is of paramount importance to ensure sustainable development of the economy and prosperity of its citizens. In South Africa the national utility, Eskom, is tasked to create a balance between the electricity demand and the supply thereof. Forecasting the electricity load on the networks to supply the country demand becomes an important task to ensure that capacity planning does not constrain potential growth, and neither does it construct overinvestment to compromise feasibility of implementation. The landscape of energy utilization is currently experiencing rapid evolution in technology and poses significant challenges to the way the electricity demand forecast needs to be done. Technology is evolving to provide more efficient, cost effective and reliable alternative energy sources than the conventional methods used in the past. Improved electricity efficiency and user behavior plays a significant role in future electricity demand requirements. This paper provides a comparative literature review on current forecasting methodologies to provide insight to which of these methods can be utilized in the future. A set of requirements is concluded on to identify the most relevant and effective forecasting methodologies to improve accuracy on forecasting electricity demand into the technology advanced future.

Jana is a committed, cheerful and passionate person who strives to add a positive contribution towards energy planning of the future. She completed her Bachelor's Degree in Industrial Engineering with first class distinction in 2006 at the University of Pretoria and her BEng. Honors (Industrial Engineering) in 2011. After completing her studies Jana was employed at Eskom Distribution where she gained experience in Quality Management, and Business Engineering. In 2012 she was appointed at Eskom Transmission Division where she is still gaining expertise as a Senior Demand Forecaster. She is currently enrolled at University of Stellenbosch to pursue her part time studies for a Masters in Industrial Engineering to aid in solving some of the forecasting challenges of the future.

3583

TOWARDS AN INTERNET-OF-THINGS FRAMEWORK FOR ASSISTING QUALITY-CONTROLLED-LOGISTICS DECISION MAKING WITHIN THE FRESH PRODUCE SUPPLY CHAIN

Lelani Joubert*, Louis Louw Fresh food is mainly wasted due to overproduction and the natural decay of food quality which cannot be prevented. Hence, actors in the fresh food supply chain are responsible to monitor and control activities that influences the quality of fresh food. The emergence of new technologies such as Internet-of-Things (IoT) creates the opportunity to collect real-time food quality information, which may be used to assist and adapt logistic activities to ensure that food quality remains in the accepted quality limits. The aim of this paper is to identify current knowledge on quality-controlled logistics (QCL) in the fresh produce industry, and to identify whether there are opportunities to implement IoT-technologies, from the perspective of experts working in the fresh produce industry.

Student at Stellenbosch University

3593

A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF 3PLs’ ENTRY INTO REVERSE LOGISTICS Locadia Tombido, Louis Louw*, Joubert Van Eeden

The concepts of Industry 4.0 and closed loop supply chains are becoming popular as logistics management evolves. Industry 4.0, through its instruments such as cloud manufacturing and the internet of things has been known to significantly improve operations management. At the same time, closed loop supply chains have gained momentum with the increase in environmental sustainability issues. However, closed loop supply chains are often associated with uncertainties in the timing, quality and quantity of returns. For these and other reasons, most organisations employ third

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parties to perform most reverse logistics activities. This paper systematically reviews literature on the entry and use of third parties in reverse logistics with the objective of providing researchers with future research directions to the fast emerging topic. The results show that there is a need to expand on literature and managerial issues such as performance measurement of reverse logistics networks with third parties. Literature also needs to consider how third parties utilise technological aspects such as Industry 4.0 to successfully manage and operate reverse supply chains.

Dr Louis Louw is a Senior Lecturer in the Department of Industrial Engineering at Stellenbosch University. His research areas include Operations and Supply Chain Management as well as Enterprise Engineering, with a specific focus on digitalisation and innovation within the value chain.

15. Simulation and Operations Research

3816 TAYLOR SERIES METHOD FOR THE ANALYSIS OF NON-LINEAR AND DYNAMIC ENERGY CONSUMPTION MODEL

UNDER A FLEXIBLE INVENTORY MODEL Blaise Bolan Benga*, Thomas Tengen, Alfayo Alugongo

Existing literature shows that operational inefficiency is one important cause of energy consumption problem encountered within most manufacturing plants. Energy consumption can be perceived as an important key performance indicator because it is mostly influenced by the production rate, which in turn is linked to the lot-size and lead-time. Machines and processes within a plant produce goods at variable rates. When speeds vary, slow rates typically result in dropped profits while faster speeds affect quality control. Producing more, earlier, or faster than required by the next process is waste. It causes inventory to accommodate the excess and frequent reprocessing. This is why it is important for operating speeds to remain consistent with the inventory model’s parameters, and it can be done by carefully handling the random behavior of lot-size and lead-time. In this research paper, Taylor Series Method is used to analyze, approximate the dynamic property of energy consumption around the average lead-time or lot-size, which are two important components of a hybrid inventory ordering policy. The results revealed that it is possible to achieve good approximation of energy consumption in the neighborhood of important average point (decision parameter of the inventory model). DTech Student Department of industrial Engineering & Operations Management, Vaal University of Technology

4083

AUTOMATED INVESTMENT ASSESSMENT: AN INVESTMENT DECISION MAKING MODEL FOR THE ORDINARY PERSON

Melissa Van Niekerk* The ordinary person invests to achieve their long-term financial goals. However, choosing what to invest in can be challenging and using the services of a financial broker can be expensive. Thus, it was decided to develop a customised model to select investment portfolios for the ordinary person. To find an optimal investment portfolio, four metrics must be considered together and thus this is a multi-objective optimisation (MOO) problem. Three simple MOO methods were used (lexicographic, weighted sum and weighted product methods) to ensure that the ordinary person using the model will be able to understand the model logic. The model selected investment a total of 13 464 investment portfolios and the return on investment of each was calculated. It was observed that most of the model portfolio had returns that were the same or similar. Furthermore, when compared to the returns on investment received by various unit, it was found that the model portfolios outperform the unit trusts 96% of the time. However, the time and effort required to use the model is worth more than the brokerage fees of a unit trust. Thus, it was concluded investors should rather invest in unit trusts.

University of Pretoria

3568

PILOT PRODUCTION ENVIRONMENTS DRIVEN BY DIGITAL TWINS Eric Lutters*

Establishing production environments requires joint decision making by stakeholders from many disciplines at different levels of aggregation, because of the significant, unpredictable and risky investments involved. Pilot plants offer a platform to develop, test, improve and upscale (parts of) a production environment. They consist of physical and virtual components, integrated based on the digital twin concept. This concept synthesizes sensoring/ measurement (in-situ & ex-situ) with modelling and simulation of existing and evolving resources/processes at operational, tactical and strategic level. Virtual dashboards supplement the pilot plant to provide an insightful basis for decision making for all perspectives and

49

stakeholders involved.

Department of Design, Production and Management, Faculty of Engineering Technology University of Twente Enschede, The Netherlands

3628

DEVELOPMENT OF A DISCRETE-EVENT, STOCHASTIC MULTI-OBJECTIVE METAHEURISTIC SIMULATION OPTIMISATION SUITE FOR A COMMERCIAL SIMULATION SOFTWARE PACKAGE

Toussaint Bamporiki*, James Bekker In this paper, the authors present the development of an optimisation suite and its implementation. This paper is part of an ongoing project that aims at developing a hybrid metaheuristic optimisation suite to solve multi-objective simulation optimisation problems. The suite is developed as a third-party library to solve discrete-event, stochastic simulation optimisation (SO) problems with multi-objectives, and is integrated with Tecnomatix Plant Simulation, which is a simulation software package developed by Siemens. Two real-life multi-objective SO problems are selected to test the suite performance and the test results are discussed.

Toussaint Bamporiki is currently a final year Master student with the USMA research group at Stellenbosch University.

3575

A REAL-TIME SCHEDULING SYSTEM FOR A SENSORISED JOB SHOP USING CLOUD-BASED SIMULATION WITH MOBILE DEVICE ACCESS

Stephan Snyman*, James Bekker, John-Pieter Botha Scheduling is a challenge that continues to trouble management of the operational phase of the manufacturing life cycle and can be attributed to the complex, dynamic and stochastic nature of a manufacturing system. Computer simulation is often used to assist with scheduling, as it can sufficiently mimic complex, discrete, dynamic, stochastic processes. We propose and develop a prototype real-time simulation scheduling system for a sensorised factory, which is to serve as a decision support tool for real-time rescheduling of machine steps in a job shop.

Stephan holds a degree in Industrial Engineering, and he is currently pursuing his masters degree in Industrial Engineering at Stellenbosch University. His interests in the field of Industrial Engineering include information systems and simulation modelling, while his non-academic interests include road running and watching a good series.

16. Industrial Engineering in the Health Sector

3538 PUBLIC-PRIVATE SUPPLY CHAIN INTEGRATION AS A POSSIBLE MEANS TO IMPROVE PUBLIC HEALTH SUPPLY

CHAINS Jessica Botes, Wouter Bam*, Imke de Kock

Struggling health supply chains and poor health outcomes in developing countries, have highlighted the need to improve these supply chains. A number of different methods have been used to improve health supply chains. However, it has been argued that the results are not sufficient and sustainable, neither do they aim to resolve impending challenges. In this paper, we put forward that public-private supply chain integration may be an important tool towards improving public health supply chains. However, further research is required to establish tools that support the determination to improve the supply chains and it. Moreover, research is required to determine whether improvements can be accomplished, as well as what the impact would be on the health supply chains in specific circumstances.

Stellenbosch University

3550

EVALUATING THE ROLE OF INNOVATION IN THE ADOPTION OF PHARMACEUTICALS AND HEALTHCARE TECHNOLOGIES IN SOUTH AFRICA

Elizabeth Leonard*, Imke de Kock, Wouter Bam Healthcare systems face numerous challenges that put strain on the system. This is despite the countless resources that are expended on creating innovative healthcare solutions (ranging from innovative healthcare technologies, organisational innovations to pharmaceutical innovations). The literature on innovation and healthcare has shown that the adoption of innovations in practice within the healthcare system is hindered and limited. There is a need to explore and evaluate the role of the innovation system in South Africa insofar as it impacts the adoption of innovations into the national healthcare system. As a starting point, for assessing innovation adoption into health systems, it is necessary to be able to thoroughly

50

describe a health system. In this paper a consolidated health system framework is developed. The purpose of this framework is to be utilised when developing a healthcare innovation adoption framework, i.e. as an input to the healthcare innovation adoption framework. The methodology used to develop the consolidated health systems framework are the eight phases of Jabareen’s conceptual framework. Jabareen’s framework is a qualitative technique for developing conceptual frameworks. The advantages of using this conceptual framework methodology include its capability to be modified, its flexibility and the focus being placed on understanding, rather than on predictions. The results of this research paper are a consolidated health systems framework which was created by considering existing health system frameworks. The consolidated health systems framework thoroughly describes all aspects of a health system by combining elements from six existing health system frameworks. The elements of the existing frameworks were categorised, integrated and synthesised, as per Jabareen’s methodology, to create a complete view of a health system; which includes health processes, building blocks, intermediate objectives and goals. This paper contributes to the field of health systems engineering by providing an extensive list of existing health system frameworks and by providing a framework that combines the major aspects of a health system to thoroughly and completely describe health systems.

Masters student at Stellenbosch University

3570

HOSPITAL INVENTORY MANAGEMENT: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE Matthew Higgo*, Sara Grobbelaar, Joubert van Eeden

Hospitals and clinics provide an essential service to the populace, assisting people to overcome a range of ailments. In order to do so physicians are reliant on the tools and inventory they have at their disposal. When stock levels appear frighteningly low or even become depleted, physicians begin to order more than the ideal amount causing overstocking and consequently, wastage. This paper performs a systematic literature review in order to identify the causes for the unsatisfactory inventory management currently experienced in South African healthcare facilities.

Matthew Higgo is enrolled as a Master student at the Department of Industrial Engineering at Stellenbosch University.

3584

DEVELOPING A CHALLENGES LANDSCAPE RELATING TO DRUG-SAFETY, -PROVISION AND -DISTRIBUTION IN RESOURCE LIMITED SETTINGS FOR THE CASE OF HIV/AIDS

Biancé Huysamen*, Imke de Kock, Louzanne Bam Since 2010 pharmaceutical organisations have begun to avail drug patents in sub-Saharan Africa through the UN Medicine Patent Pool. This initiative allows any pharmaceutical manufacturer to access patents and manufacture these drugs; thereby aiming to decreasing lead time and costs associated with these drugs. The participation of numerous manufacturers, some of whom may not have well-established quality control systems in the market, intensifies the need for effective drug quality monitoring. Furthermore, research indicates that it is often the case that these ‘niche drug provision systems’ face many challenges with regards to the quality of new generation drugs and the implementation of effective pharmacovigilance (PV) systems for the reporting of ADR. The lack of resource efficiency in ADR reporting within

the sub-Saharan context, is also a growing concern. Master of Engineering Management student

3590

CONSIDERING THE NEED FOR ALTERNATIVE INTERVENTION STRATEGIES FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF DIABETIC POLICY FORMULATION IN SOUTH AFRICA

Victoria-Lea Thomas*, Imke de Kock, Louzanne Bam The increasing prevalence of diabetes in South Africa, alongside other non-communicable diseases, places a heavy burden on the health care system; especially when faced with the significant difference in quality of care between private and public health care, and the increased burden of disease. This paper analyses various diabetic policies already implemented in South Africa, and considers the need to investigate alternative policies and intervention strategies to manage diabetes in South Africa. Due to the complex nature and non-linear interactions which exist within the health care system, a system dynamics-based approach is suggested as a useful analysis tool to evaluate and understand the dominant factors that influence the effective management of diabetes to potentially inform more effective and efficient diabetic policy formulation.

Master of Engineering Management student

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17. Engineering Management

3715 INDUSTRY 4.0: A MYTH OR A REALITY IN SOUTH AFRICA?

Mncedisi Dewa, Tinashe Tendayi, Mlondolozi Gxamza, Lilian Ganduri, Lungile Nyanga, Dennit Adams There has been much discussion on the subject of the fourth industrial revolution, also known as Industry 4.0, over the past decade in academia, industry and media. It is generally agreed and documented that the shift towards Industry 4.0 started in Germany and rapidly spread to the rest of the developed economies such as the United States and Japan. What has received little attention or documentation, is the use of Industry 4.0 in developing economies such as South Africa. This paper attempts to shed more light on the state of preparedness of South African companies to embrace and implement Industry 4.0. A comprehensive literature study is conducted, from which the critical technological framework for Industry 4.0 is outlined. From this information, an empirical study is then performed through a survey of carefully selected companies in South Africa. From this survey, the preparedness of the investigated firms with regards to awareness and implementation of Industry 4.0 is identified. The paper then concludes with recommendations on the way forward if South African companies are to ensure that they don’t get ‘left behind the train’ of Industry 4.0.

Mr. Mncedisi Trinity Dewa holds a Bachelor of Engineering degree in Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering and a Master of Engineering degree in Manufacturing Systems and Operations Management obtained at the National University of Science and Technology (Zimbabwe). He is a PhD student in the Department of Industrial Engineering at University of Stellenbosch. He is also a member of the Zimbabwe Institution of Engineers (ZIE) and an Associate member of the South African Institute of Industrial Engineers. Â He enjoys programming microcontrollers and building applications for the Internet of Things. His research interests are in Holonic Control Systems, Cyber Physical Systems and the Industrial Internet of Things.

3632

SHAPING THE FUTURE OF RESIDENTIAL HOUSING PROJECTS: BREAKTHROUGH IN MINDSET AND TECHNOLOGY Johann Stimie*

The objective of this paper is to illustrate how the application of Fourth Industrial Revolution principles and technology during the construction and management of a residential housing development can add value and contribute to the well-being of property owners, managers and residents. In the pursuit of this objective the methodologies involved in the development of formal theory seemed most appropriate to achieve these objectives. Building theory from case studies is a research strategy that involves using one or more cases to create theoretical constructs, from case-based, empirical evidence. In the paper the nature and extent of the South African residential housing landscape is firstly described. Some of the challenges inherent to the development and management of large scale residential developments are then discussed. A solutions framework to address some of these challenges consisting of six core elements is then presented. These core elements are a Centrailised Hot Water System powered by a PV plant, smart metering of three utilities (electricity, cold water and hot water), an automated shut-off mechanism for hot water, an Integrated Utilities Management Platform, an optimized utilities payment protocol and a Smart Payment Application. The paper concludes with an evaluation of the impact of the framework measured against the three core design objectives namely increased control, optimized operational efficiency and sustainability. University of Stellenbosch

3688

IN DIS TREE - 4 WHAT? Teresa Hattingh*, Dieter Hartmann

The 4th

industrial revolution has become a popular topic in nearly every industry in South Africa. But what exactly does everyone mean by this revolution and what is the potential impact on South African companies? This paper presents thoughts on the history and purpose of the fourth industrial revolution and compares this to the context, trends and needs of manufacturing organisations in South Africa. The paper then presents thoughts on how best to integrate the benefits that can be achieved with an internationally oriented view of industrial development while being sensitive to the implications in a local context.

Lecturer of Industrial Engineering School of Mechanical, Industrial and Aeronautical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg

52

3855

THE IMPLICATIONS OF INDUSTRY 4.0 FOR INDUSTRIALISATION IN AFRICA Belinda Fynn-Hurwitz*, Bernadette Sunjka

The traditional path to industrialisation by growing manufacturing output has leveraged two key sources of competitive advantage: (1) low-cost labour and (2) the economies of scale derived from centralised mass production. The maturing technologies of Industry 4.0 erode both of these foundational pillars. The implication for less developed countries is that the model for successful industrialisation going forward is likely to differ substantially from that of the past. This offers both challenges and opportunities, requiring a fundamentally different approach to driving industrialisation. This paper explores what this may mean for countries that are still seeking to become more industrialised.

Masters student, University of the Witwatersrand

3615

A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK TO INCREASE COMPETITIVENESS: APPLIED TO A BILTONG FACTORY Mieke Henning*, Devon Hagedorn-Hansen, Konrad von Leipzig

The global annual biltong market value was estimated at roughly R640 million to R1.1 billion in 2003. By 2015, biltong sales were reported to be more than R2.5 billion. To stay competitive as a biltong manufacturing company, in an ever-changing landscape, the company’s success is dictated by efficient operations. To achieve efficient operations, the accurate determination of performance measurements is of utmost importance. In world class manufacturing facilities, one of the primary features of performance measurement is the measurement of cycle time. Although there is an emphasis, especially with regard to Industry 4.0, on real-time data, the biltong factory where this study was conducted is still very much a manual operation. The focus of this study is, therefore, rather on performance measurements in order to achieve efficient operations and competitiveness. The aim of this study is to present different competitive advantage concepts in order to build a production management model. The biltong factory currently has not established cycle times for their production activities. A production management model has the potential to be used by the factory to manage their production processes more efficiently and ultimately increase their competitiveness.

Stellenbosch University

18. Project Development & Management

3703

RISK MANAGEMENT DURING OUTAGE MANAGEMENT PROJECTS AT POWER PLANTS Jacobus Visser*, Simphiwe Hlophe

Outages are needed for the maintenance of most continuously operated plants such as power plants, refineries, and petrochemical plants. Such plants comprise thousands of complex equipment and machinery that operate under rigorous operating conditions. Tasks carried out during outage projects include overhauls, inspections, repairs, replacement of equipment and modification. Like most complex projects, outage projects have high inherent risks with a chance of cost and schedule overruns. Effective management of risks and uncertainty is essential for successful outage projects. A study was done to investigate the management of risks on outage projects at South African power plants. The main objective was to determine if project risk management is understood and recognised as a success factor for outage projects. A conceptual framework developed from literature was used to design a survey questionnaire that was emailed to potential respondents who are involved in the management of outage projects. Results of a survey indicated that ineffective or weak outage risk management often result in large cost and schedule overruns. Effective planning and risk management were identified as the most important success factors for outage projects. The study identified training in risk management, enabling culture, and management support as areas for improvement in outage project risk management.

Department of Engineering and Technology Management, University of Pretoria, Professor

3794

UNINTENDED NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF CLIENT PROJECT COST CONTROLS: A SYSTEM DYNAMICS APPROACH Alfred Chitongo*, Leon Pretorius

Project controls have been defined in extant literature as managerial decisions and actions aimed at rectifying poor project performance. Understanding potential unintended negative effects of such controls will be beneficial to project management practice and the resulting project performance. This paper investigates, using the System Dynamics approach, some unintended negative effects of client project cost controls. Empirical data from a raw-water infrastructure

53

project are used to calibrate the formulated System Dynamics simulation model. Simulation results suggest that the client project cost controls (aimed at minimising project cost), unintendedly, generate some counteractive effect (an increase in the project cost and time schedule duration).

PhD Student, Department of Engineering and Technology Management, University of Pretoria

3813

VARIETY FOR COMPLEXITY: I.T. PROJECT METHODOLOGY CUSTOMIZATION Steyn De Wet*

The Multi-Level Model of the Large, Complex IT Project Popular approaches to the management of large, complex IT projects are inadequate in describing and enabling the formation and take-up of optimally customized project management methodologies. Before new tools and methods are developed in response, an enriched theoretical construct of the large, complex IT project is required. This is proposed as the Multi-Level Model of the Large, Complex IT Project. Among 29 main project management methodologies investigated, all describe the project as a defined initiative that can be viewed and interpreted from one level – the project’s level. The Multi-Level Model is proposed to allow for the large, complex project to be interpreted, planned for and managed uniquely on every inter- and intra-organisational level at which a function of the project is delivered. This highly customisable approach allows for different parts of the project to each be subjected to an optimally customized methodology, offering a valuable advantage over the single approach per project or portfolio. The spirit of the time may lean towards deconstruction and simplified approaches, but the Multi-Level Model rather offers the requisite variety in order navigate complexity. PhD Student, Industrial Engineering, Stellenbosch University; Risk Management Research Group; Project Management qualifications include PMP (PMI), PRINCE2 Practitioner (APMG), and Agile PM (DSDM Consortium)

3858

LEADERSHIP STYLES IN PROJECTS. CURRENT TRENDS AND FUTURE OPPORTUNITIES Suzaan Pretorius*, Herman Steyn, Taryn Bond-Barnard

Currently, many organisations experience challenges pertaining to uncertainty, fast-changing environments, globalisation and increasingly complex work tasks. In order to adapt to these challenges, a shift in leadership style may be needed. Traditionally, leadership was seen as a vertical relationship (top-down influence). For a number of decades this vertical leadership model has been the principal one in the leadership field but lately, shared and balanced leadership have gained importance, especially in project management literature. This theoretical study highlights some differences between leadership and management and explores current trends in leadership literature. It especially focusses on vertical, shared and balanced leadership in project management and identifies future opportunities for research.

Researcher and PhD student at the Department of Engineering and Technology Management, University of Pretoria

3860 THE MEGAPROJECT SPONSOR AS LEADER

Willem Louw*, Jan Wium, Herman Steyn, Wim Gevers The importance of the sponsor role, including its contribution to the success or failure of a project, is widely recognised in project management literature. References to the sponsor’s leadership, and the substantial component it forms in the profile of the sponsor, are equally prevalent in literature reviewed. A megaproject is a large-scale, complex venture that typically costs US$1 billion or more, takes many years to develop and build, involves multiple public and private stakeholders, is transformational, and influences millions of people. Executive sponsors are primarily allocated to projects of strategic importance that are complex, carry a considerable degree of risk and are very discernible. A megaproject is thus entitled to a sponsor from the executive (most senior) ranks within an organisation. Rather than joining the debates on complexity and leadership in project management literature, this paper explains how leadership theories are used to identify instruments that can assist in the assessment of the leadership style, and traits/attributes of a sponsor. In conclusion, a framework is proposed to identify assessment instruments to evaluate the leadership style and leader traits/attributes of a project sponsor.

Retired/ PhD student in Business Management and Administration at Business School of University of Stellenbosch

54

19. Data Management

3552 UTILIZING MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHMS TO PREDICT FILLING LINE UTILIZATION FOR OPTIMAL

MAINTENANCE SCHEDULING PJ Vlok*, Lauren Smith

Small margins within the packaging industry mean financial success in this field relies on high equipment availability. To achieve this high equipment availability, maintenance schedules should be carefully planned to minimize downtime. A key component of maintenance schedule planning is predicting equipment utilization. This can prove very difficult as there are many variables such as market demand, seasonality of products, capability and diversity of equipment, and inherent reliability, to name a few. Even some of the leading players in the packaging industry treat the complexities and chaos involved with predicting equipment utilization as a topic best avoided. Current approaches to this problem range from no prediction at all to only a simple linear extrapolation. This paper investigates the merits of using machine learning algorithms to predict equipment utilization in the packaging industry with the aim of optimizing maintenance schedules. Machine learning entails pattern recognition of past data and inclusion of pertinent variables in the present to forecast behaviour. This paper begins with a brief literature review of the field before using data, obtained from a multinational packaging company, to test some of the most promising methods of machine learning in a case study.

Stellenbosch University

3577

DEVELOPMENT OF A DATA ANALYTICS-DRIVEN SYSTEM FOR INSTANT, TEMPORARY PERSONALISED DISCOUNT OFFERS

Zandaline Els*, James Bekker The innovation of targeting customers with personalised discount offers has been incorporated into business strategies in order to ensure a competitive advantage amongst peers along with ensuring customer experience. In this article, a demonstrator model was developed which provides a holistic view of an individual customer’s behaviour in retail outlets. The demonstrator creates instant, temporary personalised discount offers based on the purchasing tendencies of that customer in retail outlets. The model illustrates the utilisation of customer behavioural data and data analytics to identify unique cross-selling and upselling opportunities to ultimately improve customer experience. This article also includes the architecture of the proposed model along with the results from the demonstrator model.

Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Stellenbosch

3579

DEVELOPMENT AND DEMONSTRATION OF A CUSTOMER SUPER-PROFILING TOOL TO ENABLE EFFICIENT TARGETING IN MARKETING CAMPAIGNS

Marisa Walters*, James Bekker Being part of a competitive generation demands having good marketing policies to attract new customers as well as to retain existing customers. This research outlines a general methodology for segmentation of customers by using the model of Recency, Frequency and Monetary (RFM) to identify types of customers, and then predict their customer profiles, based on demographic and behavioural features. A few previous studies dealt with the question using non-aggregate customer data. We, however, also address the problem by using decision trees, something which has rarely been done before. We applied and demonstrated this tool on a large customer dataset and found useful results.

Marisa Walters was born in 1994 in Cape Town. In 2012 she matriculated at High School Tygerberg. In 2016 she obtained

her degree in Industrial Engineering at the University of Stellenbosch. She is currently enrolled for Masters at Stellenbosch,

under the supervision of Prof James Bekker. Her non-academic interests include, ballet, music and her love for animals,

especially dogs.

3669 MANAGING CUSTOMER EXPERIENCE USING DATA ANALYTICS IN A PARTNERING VENTURE

Maryke Roos*, James Bekker Today’s technologies are changing the physical, digital and biological worlds. This change impacts the economy and how industries operate. In the light of this, we ask how these changes can be incorporated into customer experience. To investigate this, a demonstrator was developed in which a customer’s activities are simulated on a full-scale partnering

55

platform while the business data are captured and analysed. The focus is on the domain of travel, in which customers use several modes of transportation while engaging with various collaborating enterprises. This paper will discuss the results and findings obtained, showing how customer experience can be managed and improved with the use of data analytics in a partnering venture.

Maryke Roos was born in Pretoria but she grew up in Cape Town. She matriculated in 2010 and took a 2-year gap year where she went to America to au pair. In 2016, she obtained her BEng degree in Industrial Engineering at the University of Stellenbosch. She is currently busy with her MEng degree in Industrial Engineering. The things that she is passionate about are her religion, exercising, reading books and enjoying the company of friends and family.

3677

DEVELOPMENT OF A DEMONSTRATOR OF BIG DATA ANALYTICS Rhett Butler*, James Bekker

Big Data Analytics is now not only being applied in the fields of science and business, but in healthcare and economic development, by organisations such as the United Nations. The research presented in this article provides a demonstration of developing a Big Data Analytics Demonstrator by integrating selected hardware and software. The components of such an analytics tool are presented, as well as the analysis of results of test data sets. Experience gained when setting up a proprietary data analytics suite is shared, and practical recommendations are made. The goal of this demonstrator is to illustrate that a system could be built to provide meaningful insights into a given dataset, by making use of free-to-use software, commodity hardware and leveraging machine learning to mine the data for these insights.

Born and raised in Cape Town, received my B.Eng at Stellenbosch University. I am a 1st year M.Eng student at Stellenbosch University, part of the USMA (Unit for Systems Modelling and Analysis) research group, researching the world of Big Data. I am a avid hiker and enjoy sailing.

20. Industrial Engineering in the Health Sector

3820 A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR SUSTAINABLE EHEALTH IMPLEMENTATION IN RESOURCE-CONSTRAINED

SETTINGS Getnet Bogale Fanta*, Leon Pretorius

There exists evidence of several eHealth pilot projects in the developing countries that could not progress to the full-scale implementation; sometimes referred to as “pilotitis” of the eHealth system. The sustainable eHealth implementation frameworks reported in the literature are linearly modeled that fail to reflect the nonlinear and dynamic complexity of eHealth systems implementation. This study proposes a sustainable eHealth implementation framework to support the long-term sustainability of eHealth systems in the developing countries. The framework addresses the nonlinear and dynamic relationships among elements of the ecosystem in the implementation of eHealth through feedback systems by following a system dynamics method. A literature review and systems approach is used to understand the interactions between the elements of a sustainable eHealth system. A system dynamics modeling is applied to develop a nonlinear and dynamic model of sustainable eHealth implementation. The study indicated that the long-term sustainability of eHealth not only depend on technological factors but also the economic, social, organizational factors. Moreover, the causal loop diagram highlights the dynamic interplay between factors of sustainable eHealth system through feedback loops. Getnet Bogale Fanta is a Ph.D. student in the Department of Engineering and Technology Management, University of Pretoria. Getnet studied Electrical Engineering at Addis Ababa University and Masters in Engineering Management at the University of Pretoria. He worked in the telecommunication sector as a network and transmission engineer. Getnet was involved as a technical lead in the design and implementation of pharmaceuticals information tracking systems. He is passionate about the implementation of successful electronic health systems in the healthcare facilities of developing counties by applying the concepts of a systems approach.

3606 INCORPORATING PRODUCT CATEGORIZATION TO IMPROVE THE PERFORMANCE OF SA'S PUBLIC

HEALTHCARE SUPPLY CHAIN: A RESEARCH AGENDA Newton Mapowo*, Louzanne Bam, Imke de Kock, Joubert van Eeden

In an influential publication from the late 1990’s, Marshall Fisher argued that many of the challenges in supply chains could be traced back to a lack of alignment between the type of product and the type of supply chain. Subsequently, the

56

idea of tailoring supply chain management practices and policies to the characteristics of the products being supplied has received significant research attention, and various researchers have worked on modifying the premise as well as on its application to diverse sectors, with promising findings. The South African National Department of Health is in the process of rolling out the Visibility and Analytics Network (VAN) reference framework, with the aim of ensuring sustained availability of and access to commodities. At present, the VAN strategy does not incorporate a product categorization element. This paper proposes a research agenda for determining how product categorization could be incorporated into the VAN strategy to enable supply chain practices and policies to be tailored to the characteristics of products.

Newton Mapowo is a Master's student at Stellenbosch University studying towards M.Eng (Engineering Management) in the Industrial department. He is affiliated to the Health Systems Engineering and Innovation (HSE&I) Hub under the university and his study focus for my Masters study is public healthcare pharmaceutical supply chain management.

3635 TOWARDS A MORE EFFICIENT AND EFFECTIVE PIPELINE OF TUBERCULOSIS MEDICATION: THE VALUE OF

IDENTIFYING TRENDS AND INFLUENCING FACTORS Nicola Hanekom*, Louzanne Bam, Imke de Kock

Tuberculosis poses a significant risk to global health with estimated 1.7 million deaths worldwide in 2016. One key issue in tuberculosis management relates to the drug pipeline, with drug development not keeping pace with the rate at which the disease expands and changes. Identifying and addressing factors that inhibit tuberculosis research and development is essential. Research to identify trends in the drug pipeline and evaluate the relations between these trends and other influencing factors will strengthen the existing body of knowledge, enabling improved decision-making on investment in drug research and development, and structuring incentives to encourage investment.

Master of Engineering Management student, Stellenbosch University

3633 A CONCEPT DEMONSTRATOR FOR SELF-ORGANISING DEMAND-DRIVEN INVENTORY MANAGEMENT IN

PHARMACEUTICAL SUPPLY CHAINS

Marno Du Plessis*, Jan H. van Vuuren, Joubert van Eeden Perennial stock-outs of essential medicines are commonplace in the pharmaceutical supply chains of developing countries. Stock-outs are mainly attributed to a general lack of collective information sharing in pharmaceutical supply chains. In this paper, a computerised agent-based simulation model concept demonstrator is proposed and demonstrat-ed hypothetically as part of a larger drive to establish the value of leveraging information sharing in pharmaceutical supply chains with a view to enhance decision-making. The objective of this paper is to outline the prerequisite research inputs, design requirements and hypothetical implementation of the aforementioned demonstrator. The work reported on in this paper remains a work in progress.

Stellenbosch University

3596

TOWARDS A HEALTHCARE PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT FRAMEWORK: A REVIEW Bronwyn Joubert*, Wouter Bam

Improving health is the fundamental goal of all health systems, and with an evident gap between the potential of the public health system and its performance, bettering the services that provide care is critical to achieving this goal. This gap creates a need to identify and understand what drives performance so as to be able to assess how the potential can be reached. Thus, this research investigates the key inputs into a performance assessment framework and develops a core set of performance dimensions that is inclusive of all the factors that affect performance. Stellenbosch University

57

POSTERS 3492

DISASTER RELIEF CHAINS ANALYSIS IN THE SADC REGION Jean-Claude Munyaka Baraka*

SADC region has been ravaged, for decades by severe man-made and natural disasters killing over 120 thousand people while affecting millions other. Disaster relief chains represent, among many others, the biggest challenge for humanitarian agencies in the region. This paper intends to present the outcome of a survey developed, targeting disaster management agencies operating in SADC. The detailed analysis associated with a transportation problem approach assisted the research investigates the region disaster relief chains readiness. The survey focused on the supply chain planning, the transportation modes decision approach, the natural of relief`s supports as well as the coordination between relief agencies. The outcome showcased the region lacks and potentials in disaster emergency response and lives saving operations.

Department of Industrial Engineering, Durban University of Technology, Research Assistant

3540 DEVELOPMENT OF A DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR ASSESSING ALTERNATIVE AGRICULTURE LAND USES: A

CASE STUDY OF THE STELLENBOSCH WINE REGION Jeanne-Mari de Villiers, Wouter Bam*, Joubert van Eeden

The wine industry is accountable for 1.2 percent of the South African GDP. Financial margins of Stellenbosch wine estates have begun to shrink due to factors such as high production costs and increased competition. To be economically sustainable wine estates need to rethink their current business strategy and consider adopting a diversification strategy. This article identifies a holistic set of considerations that decision-makers in this industry need to evaluate when considering pursuing land use alternatives. It also considers how these factors can be used to develop a decision support system (DSS) to guide farmers through the decision-making process.

Stellenbosch University

3631 INVESTIGATING THE SUSTAINABILITY AND FEASIBILITY OF DIFFERENT DISPOSABLE CUPS: A COFFEE SHOP

PERSPECTIVE Carla Vermeulen, Wouter Bam*

With convenience being a sought-after factor in today's society, disposable coffee cups play a significant role in many people's daily routines. There still, however, appears to be a general confusion in many coffee shop environments regarding optimal waste treatment of disposable coffee cups to minimise their environmental impact. This study thus compares the different disposable coffee cup options that are available to South African coffee shops to determine which options (in terms of different materials) are more environmentally friendly under different conditions, whilst also satisfactorily meeting the requirements of coffee shops and customers.

Industrial Engineering Graduate of the University of Stellenbosch

3721 A SIMULATION ANNEALING APPROACH TO DETERMINE THE EFFECTIVE TRAIN STATION LAYOUT WITH

DIFFERENT PEAK PERIODS Tshegofatso Bele*, Ebouele Benga, Thomas Tengen

On daily basis different types of passengers use the Johannesburg commuter rail system. This means that there should be a dynamic and heterogeneous element that should be controlled in the commuter rail system design. A standard approach to designing an effective flow layout is to use From-To-Chart technique from which one can improve on efficiency by minimizing backtracking and then use Block Diagram strategy to obtain the physical display. This has been employed and improvements were achieved in previous study. However, the data that considered was for an overall period. The issue that arises is when the commuter rail system experiences different peak periods and different volumes that sum up to the overall data. If different peak periods and their associated volumes are used to design the layout then the layout will have different efficiencies under the different conditions. This research paper uses the techniques borrowed from simulated annealing to compare different periods and different efficiencies to decide on the layout that is suitable for the commuter rail system under the different peak scenarios. Results shows how flexibility in the layout design can be managed.

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Department of Industrial Engineering and Operations Management Vaal University of Technology, M-tech Student

3766 OPTIMAL SCHEDULING OF PROJECT ALLOCATION BY MEANS OF A WEIGHT-PARAMETER CALCULATION ALGORITHM Philip v Z Venter* A common scheduling task is the allocation of projects amongst a number of recipients. Various techniques can be employed to assist such a decision-making process, which could even include simplistic ‘first-come-first serve’ or random allocation methods. However, when recipient satisfactory-levels are deemed relevant, allocation methods should typically incorporate personal preferences. This paper presents two models to address project allocations. Firstly, a mixed integer linear programming model is formulated, which optimises client satisfactory levels relative towards the entire population. A more preferred project is indicated by a higher numerical value and the model optimised accordingly. Potential problems that typically arise are a ‘cluster’ of personal preferences. When a significant number of recipients prefer relative corresponding allocations, a simplistic numerical optimisation model may prove insufficient to yield suitable solutions. The second proposed model is a novel pseudo-code algorithm that calculates weight parameters to be used in the optimisation matrix. When individual projects can be grouped in a way that relevancy is established between various choices, non-zero positive and negative values can be determined for choices outside the selected preferences. The applicability of the optimisation model in conjunction with the algorithm is demonstrated through a real-life project scheduling case study.

North West University Potchefstroom Campus , Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering; Lector 3775

CONTINUOUS PROCESS IMPROVEMENT ON HEAT EXCHANGER PLANT THROUGH VALUE STREAM MAPPING Kate P Lusiba*, Mendon Dewa

Lean manufacturing is an optimum approach for the reduction and elimination of waste within an organisation. The case study company is based in South Africa and produces heat exchangers through main processes which include pre-assembly, core building, brazing and final assembly. A plant walkthrough revealed an inefficient portrayed by inventory stacked awaiting final assembly and frequent delays at the brazing furnace as it waited for material from core building. This paper proposes a framework for continuous process improvement through the deployment of value stream mapping. Process analysis was conducted using value stream analysis and it was revealed that operators were not fully utilizing the capacity of the bottleneck workstations. Two instead of one planning points and inefficiency at assembly were identified as root causes of the high work in process level. Furthermore, work in process build-up was caused by the furnace that was run two shifts while the preceding assembly and core building were running three shifts. Recommendations were made for continuous process improvement and a roadmap for reduction of waste was proposed.

Durban University of Technology, Industrial Engineering - Student

3786 USE OF MULTIPLE ACTIVITY CHARTS FOR PROCESS IMPROVEMENT IN RUBBER WIRE CABLE

MANUFACTURING Mendon Dewa*

Waste reduction becomes an increasingly dominant topic for companies that strive to survive in the modern manufacturing world. This paper applies multiple activity charts for process improvement in rubber cable manufacturing at a case study company. The process is first mapped to outline the basic manufacturing process which included mixing, milling, straining and cooling. Tasks were then categorised as value-adding task, non-value adding but necessary, and non-value added. The non-value adding waiting was noted where the mixer operator waited for the miller operators to complete rolling a batch before mixing a new batch. Two scenario, where mixer waits for miller and where miller waits for mixer, were analysed through the use multiple activity charts. The analysis revealed that the current method employed was unbalanced since more time was wasted in waiting since the mixing time was longer than milling time. It was thus proposed that the mixer operator continuously works while the miller milled the batches as they became available. The mixer waiting time was eliminated as the mixer was continuously loaded, leading to productivity improvement. It was also recommended that the technique of job rotation should be employed due the disparity in workloads for mixing and milling operators.

Durban University of Technology, Industrial Engineering - Lecturer

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3833 LEAN STATUP AND ITS APPLICATION IN BUSINESS AND OPERATIONS STRATEGY IN SOUTH AFRICA

Bruno Emwanu* Lean startup is a relatively new concept initially developed to help startups grow their business in a more effective and scientific way. This methodology uses data to help inform decisions such as entering new markets in a fast-changing business environment with several uncertainties. The methodology contrasts with the traditional approach by supporting experimentation over preconceived assumptions and iterative development over linear methods to evaluate new business ventures. This study evaluates the extent to which lean startup principles have been applied across industry in South Africa and how these have been used in conjunction with the corporate and operations strategy. While Lean startup methodology has been applied in other parts of the world, its applicability and extent of application within the South African context is not evident. Prevalence of Lean startup methodology is the desirable state whereas paucity would be a concern. The results of the study show that a number of participants used the methodology to help develop the business and operations strategy. Participants also typically saw value in the concepts for application across industry as long as the right structures are in place to help support the initiative.

University of the Witwatersrand

3835 APPLICATION OF MANUFACTURING STRATEGY PRINCIPLES IN ADAPTING CRAFT BREWERS FOR SUSTAINABLE

GROWTH IN THE SOUTH AFRICAN BEER INDUSTRY Bruno Emwanu*

The beer industry is known for having few big producers who dominate and control the market such that it is considered saturated and mature with high barriers to entry. Nevertheless, in-roads into the beer market by much smaller players, namely craft brewers are observed, that are apparently growing and managing to retain market share. Being SMMEs, the ability of craft brewers to achieve this position points to their agility and resilience, however it is not clear how this is achieved through the manufacturing function expected to meet consumer requirements. This raises the question whether craft brewers use manufacturing strategies at all and if these align with consumer needs and company long term plans. This study investigates the craft beer industry in South Africa by interviewing five craft beer producers and surveying over four-hundred consumers to understand expectations of consumers and practices of craft brewers regarding manufacturing strategy. Results indicate that application of manufacturing strategy principles is limited and does not seem purposive to improve the manufacturing process and sustain performance but seems to be survival moves. This suggests long-term risk to stability of craft breweries in South Africa and the need to adapt manufacturing strategy principles to improve this.

University of the Witwatersrand

3886 CHAINING THE BUILDING BLOCKS FOR BLOCKCHAIN IMPLEMENTATIONS IN SOUTH AFRICA’S PUBLIC SECTOR

Quintin van Heerden*, Michael van Heerden The emergence of the 4th industrial revolution has brought about several technological advancements in which blockchain fulfils a prominent role. To most people, the notion of blockchain is merely synonymous with the popular cryptocurrency Bitcoin. However, blockchain is not a cryptocurrency per se, but rather provides the backbone for the existence of cryptocurrencies. Blockchain has multiple inherent and potential benefits, especially so for governmental use-cases with the governments of Dubai, Estonia and Gibraltar already investing in such implementations. Blockchain applications include healthcare, identity management, voting, and banking services, among others. Since records on the blockchain cannot be altered, it is deemed to be a secure option for many of these implementations. The contribution of this paper is twofold. Firstly, it provides a description of the use of smart contracts, a form of self-executing contract, based on predefined rules between buyers and sellers. It describes how these contracts can potentially be used in South Africa to eradicate corruption in governmental processes by improving accountability and transparency. Secondly, it provides a blueprint of the use of Industrial Engineering tools and techniques to adequately design and implement blockchain use-cases, especially in the public sector.

Quintin van Heerden is an Industrial Engineer in the CSIR Built Environment where he leads the Urban Growth Modelling team in the Spatial Planning and Systems competence area. He holds a masters degree in Industrial Engineering.

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