Week 9 & 10. By the end of 1852, 90,000 foreign people had flocked to Victoria in search of gold. Small cities like Ballarat and Bendigo grew, bringing

Week 9 & 10

A power point presentation by Stephanie

VICTORIA AFTER THE GOLD RUSH

By the end of 1852, 90,000 foreign people had flocked to Victoria in search of gold. Small cities like Ballarat and Bendigo grew, bringing railways, roads, libraries, theatres, art galleries and stock exchanges.In the 1850s the heaviest traffic in Australia was on the road from Melbourne to Bendigo, and by the 1880s Melbourne was named 'Marvellous Melbourne' one of the world's largest, booming and biggest cities of the era.

IRISH BEFORE AND AFTER THE GOLD RUSH

The reason that Australia was already well known to many Irish men and women by the middle of the 19th century is because Australia represented different things to different people, to those struggling to feed themselves could mean a place to forge a new life in freedom. To others who were caught up in the harsh court system for stealing even a crust of bread to feed their family meant refugee to the far away punishing colony, transportation.. Australia represented different things to different people, to those struggling to feed themselves is could mean a place to forge a new life in freedom. To others who were caught up in the harsh judicial system for stealing even a crust of bread to feed the family it meant exile to the far away penal colony, transportation .


Between 1851 and 1860 about 101,540 Irish came to Australia, mainly wanting to find gold. Most of the early gold found was alluvial, so the fact that the Irish had little to none mining skills was not a problem. Once the alluvial gold ran out, many of the Irish worked as unskilled miners for the reef mining operators, or went into other jobs available in colonial life. The diggers' needs meant there was a lot of available and often very commercial work, either working for or becoming brewers, cartage operators, grocers, publicans or even policemen, with many women becoming domestic workers and general cleaners. Many of the Irish enjoyed a much higher standard of living than they had left behind in Ireland.


The Irish immigrants had a colourful sense of humour, which they used to ease their daily routine. Many were reliable Catholics, others loud and really active. The leader of the Eureka stockade of 1854, Peter Lalor, as were nearly half of the diggers who took part.


The amount of Irish who migrated to Australia is huge, and they played an important part in Australian history.

CHINESE BEFORE AND AFTER THE GOLD RUSH

The number of Chinese people that came to Australia in the 1800's Gold Rush is so many. It is believed about 7000 Chinese worked in the Araluen gold fields in Southern NSW.


Australia first became multi-cultural during the gold rush period with a large number of international immigration to Australia. The lure of gold however often took a personal toll on those people who did not speak English.


The Chinese were particularly industrious, with techniques that differed widely from the Europeans. This and their physical appearance and fear of the unknown led to them to being persecuted in a racist way that would be regarded as untenable today.

HISTORY OF THE GOLD RUSH

One of the ways it shaped Australian history was through arrival. The gold rush brought a large number of immigrants to Australia, all of whom had their own cultural influences. It was the beginning of multiculturalism in Australia. The Chinese in particular joined on Australia, and anger against the Asian nationalities was a dedicating issue to the institution of the White Australia Policy in the twentieth century. Enormous numbers of immigrants, especially Chinese, brought their unique cultural influences to Australia, and many of the Chinese stayed on to build businesses in the towns once the main gold deposits were mined out.


There were huge increases in the population. In 1851, Australia's population was 437,655. By the end of the gold rush, 1861, Australia's population had more than doubled and Victoria's, the site of the gold rush, had improved seven-fold. After the goldrush, many of the new towns shrank to just a fraction of their previous size, resulting in ghost towns in many areas.


The wealth of the newly-formed state of Victoria caused conflict with New South Wales, and incidentally led to the most tragic of searches that of Burke and Wills. The Victorian government, fired up with passion, confidence and wealth, ordered an enormous search party that was ruined to failure by its hasty preparation, interesting choice of leader, and the Victorian desire to be the first to cross Australia from south to north. These factors all had a part in the failure of the journey and the deaths of Burke and Wills.


There was a new successful Victorian building in cities such as Melbourne, and the richness of this building can still be seen today. Unfortunately, the smashed certainly follows a bang donated to the general reduction of prices from 1860-1900 which caused multiple depression in Australia's budget.


There was a huge arrival of people to the Victorian goldfields, but businessmen, tradesmen, labourers together with many of the state's own managers, abandoned their work. This threatened the state’s structure and jobs, which had no-one to do them. Nonetheless, the new wealth meant that Britain no longer had any reason to withhold independence. New rules, policies and law were carried out, giving Australia more of an understanding of how to draft future laws and, indeed, its own structure.


Because of the rivalry between Victoria and NSW, a new site was chosen for the Australian capital. Canberra lies where it is today because of this very rivalry brought on by the gold rush. Of course, there quite possibly wouldn't have been the need for a capital city where it is not for the gold rush: Australia now had the confidence to go it alone, to break free from 'Mother Britain" and aim for independence, which it achieved with the partnership of the states in 1901.


The gold rushes helped bring improvements in transportation. The famous "Cobb and Co Coaches" ran successfully for half a century, thanks to the gold rush. Train lines were built, linking the major centres, and roadways were improved.

HISTORY OF THE GOLD RUSHAnother way in which the gold rush shaped history was in the development of politics. The Eureka Stockade was the 1854 miners' rebellion on the goldfields of Ballarat, Victoria, Australia. Conditions on the Australian goldfields were harsh. The main source of displeasure was the miner's licence, which cost a monthly fee of 30 shillings and permitted the holder to work a 3.6 metre square claim. Licences had to be paid regardless of whether a digger's claim resulted in the finding of any gold. Regular licence hunts, during which the miners were ordered to produce proof of their licences, added to the increasing strife. Previous assignments for miners' rights had met with delay from the Victorian government, so on 29 November 1854, the miners burned their licences in a mass display of resistance against the laws which controlled the miners. Following a massive licence hunt on November 30, Irish immigrant Peter Lalor was elected to lead the rebellion.


On December 1st, the miners began to create a wooden fence, a stockade from which they planned to defend themselves against further licence arrests or other invasions by the authorities. At 3:00am on Sunday, 3 December 1854, 276 police and military employees and several civilians stormed the stockade. It remains unclear which side fired first, but in the ensuing battle, 22 diggers and 5 officers died.


Although the rebellion itself failed in its objective, it gained the attention of the Government. A Commission of Enquiry was shown and changes were made. These included closure of monthly gold licences, replaced by an affordable annual miner's licence. The numbers of officers were reduced by a heap, and Legislative Council was expanded to allow representation to the major goldfields. Peter Lalor and another representative, John Basson Humffray, were elected for Ballarat. Later, Lalor was elected Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Victoria. For these reasons, the Eureka Stockade is regarded by many as the birthplace of Australian Democracy.

That’s All!

So that is what happened after the gold rush!

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Week 9 & 10. By the end of 1852, 90,000 foreign people had flocked to Victoria in search of gold. Small cities like Ballarat and Bendigo grew, bringing