WednesdayWednesday, January , January 2727thth Bell WorkBell Work: Please find your assigned : Please find your assigned

seat and take out any notes you have seat and take out any notes you have from Ch. 5 (set them aside). Next, from Ch. 5 (set them aside). Next, take out your phone or electronic take out your phone or electronic device and go to device and go to www.kahoot.it. .

Choose an appropriate nickname and Choose an appropriate nickname and I will display the game pin in a I will display the game pin in a moment. If you do not have an moment. If you do not have an

electronic device or cannot connect, electronic device or cannot connect, please partner up with a neighbor.please partner up with a neighbor.

Daily Agenda:Daily Agenda: Bell WorkBell Work: Kahoot! : Kahoot!

ReviewReview WODWOD dialoguedialogue LectureLecture: Eastern : Eastern

Classical Classical CivilizationsCivilizations

SummarizerSummarizer: : Review Quiz Review Quiz

Essential QuestionEssential Question: : How did Eastern Empires differ from Mediterranean Empires during the Classical era?

HomeworkHomework: Review for : Review for Unit 1 and 2 Test Unit 1 and 2 Test (Friday)(Friday)

(Read Aloud) Wednesday, January 28th, Block 1

Ever wondered what it would be like to speak a Ever wondered what it would be like to speak a foreign language fluently? Sure, flashcards can foreign language fluently? Sure, flashcards can teach you vocabulary, and courses can even teach you vocabulary, and courses can even instruct you on proper conjugation, but for many instruct you on proper conjugation, but for many foreign language speakers, language programs foreign language speakers, language programs featuring featuring dialoguedialogue are most successful. After all, are most successful. After all, the purpose of speech is for communication the purpose of speech is for communication between people, not merely the ability to read between people, not merely the ability to read text.text.

dialogue – speech between two or more people; a conversational passage in a play or narrative (dia “between” + log “speech”)

Click on either image to watch a brief dialogue illustrating the

frustrations of speaking a foreign language

[pronunciation]

Ch. 5 ReviewCh. 5 Review

Eastern Empires of the Eastern Empires of the Classical EraClassical Era

Siddhartha Gautama ca 563-Siddhartha Gautama ca 563-483 BCE483 BCE

Born the son of a Born the son of a Kshatriya chiefKshatriya chief

At age 29 assumed At age 29 assumed an ascetic lifestyle an ascetic lifestyle in search of Nirvana in search of Nirvana (Enlightenment)(Enlightenment)

Known as Buddha Known as Buddha “The Enlightened “The Enlightened One”One”

The Four Noble TruthsThe Four Noble Truths 1. All human life is 1. All human life is

sufferingsuffering 2. All suffering is caused by 2. All suffering is caused by

desiredesire 3. End suffering by ending 3. End suffering by ending

desiredesire 4. End desire by following 4. End desire by following

the Eightfold Noble Path: the Eightfold Noble Path: right understanding, right right understanding, right thought, right speech, right thought, right speech, right action, right livelihood, action, right livelihood, right effort, right right effort, right mindfulness, and right mindfulness, and right concentration.concentration.

Buddhist PracticesBuddhist Practices SelflessnessSelflessness Disapproval of Disapproval of

violence, meat violence, meat eating, animal eating, animal sacrifice, and warsacrifice, and war

Four Cardinal Four Cardinal Virtues: friendliness, Virtues: friendliness, compassion, joy, compassion, joy, and equanimityand equanimity

Buddhism and Hinduism Buddhism and Hinduism ComparedCompared

Belief in reincarnation, the Brahma or Belief in reincarnation, the Brahma or “Universal Soul”“Universal Soul”

Buddhism more egalitarian, no caste Buddhism more egalitarian, no caste systemsystem

Buddhism less patriarchal, women Buddhism less patriarchal, women have equal chance to achieve have equal chance to achieve Nirvana (can become monks as well)Nirvana (can become monks as well)

Two Types of BuddhismTwo Types of Buddhism Theravada Buddhism: philosophy rather Theravada Buddhism: philosophy rather

than religion. Buddha a man, not god, than religion. Buddha a man, not god, practiced primarily in Sri Lankapracticed primarily in Sri Lanka

Mahayana Buddhism: salvation religion. Mahayana Buddhism: salvation religion. Buddha became a god, good and Buddha became a god, good and devout people can become devout people can become bhoddisatvas: potential future Buddhas.bhoddisatvas: potential future Buddhas.

Mahayana Buddhism Mahayana Buddhism spread through India spread through India to China, East Asiato China, East Asia

Emphasis on Emphasis on repetition of prayers repetition of prayers and devotions: and devotions: prayer flags, prayer prayer flags, prayer wheels, printing.wheels, printing.

Ashoka 272-232 BCEAshoka 272-232 BCE Last of the great Last of the great

Mauryan EmperorsMauryan Emperors Aggressive, cruel Aggressive, cruel

conqueror in early conqueror in early lifelife

After the bloody After the bloody conquest of Kalinga, conquest of Kalinga, Ashoka converted Ashoka converted to Buddhismto Buddhism

Ashoka’s IndiaAshoka’s India Ashoka became a vegetarian and Ashoka became a vegetarian and

renounced warfarerenounced warfare State would rule by right or law, not State would rule by right or law, not

mightmight Religious tolerationReligious toleration Better treatment of women and lower Better treatment of women and lower

castescastes Encouaged Buddhist expansion Encouaged Buddhist expansion

throughout India and Asiathroughout India and Asia

Asoka’s law Asoka’s law codecode Edicts scattered inEdicts scattered in

more than 30 places more than 30 places in India, Nepal, in India, Nepal, Pakistan, & Afghanistan. Pakistan, & Afghanistan. Written mostly inWritten mostly in Sanskrit, but one was in Sanskrit, but one was in Greek and Aramaic. Greek and Aramaic. 10 rock edicts.10 rock edicts. Each pillar [Each pillar [stupastupa] is 40’-50’ high.] is 40’-50’ high. Buddhist principles dominate his Buddhist principles dominate his laws.laws.

One of One of Asoka’Asoka’

ssStupasStupas

During Ashoka’s reign Buddhism During Ashoka’s reign Buddhism became dominant in India and became dominant in India and threatened to wipe out Hinduismthreatened to wipe out Hinduism

After Ashoka’s death, Hinduism After Ashoka’s death, Hinduism revived and Buddhism declinedrevived and Buddhism declined

Reasons for India’s Religious Reasons for India’s Religious Shift After AshokaShift After Ashoka

Hindu syncretism: Brahmins accepted Hindu syncretism: Brahmins accepted Buddha as god, encouraged Buddha as god, encouraged devotional cults and small sacrifices devotional cults and small sacrifices (personal worship and prayer), (personal worship and prayer), loosened caste restrictions and loosened caste restrictions and enhanced the role of womenenhanced the role of women

Buddhist withdrawal to monasteries, Buddhist withdrawal to monasteries, less active lives within Indialess active lives within India

Summarizer:Summarizer: Imagine you are the newly crowned king of a Imagine you are the newly crowned king of a

small kingdom in Southeast Asia. You would like small kingdom in Southeast Asia. You would like to unite the people of your kingdom under your to unite the people of your kingdom under your rule, but sense that they are skeptical about your rule, but sense that they are skeptical about your authority. An advisor recommends using a belief authority. An advisor recommends using a belief system as a unifying force. Your job now, is to system as a unifying force. Your job now, is to select the best system. Write a short speech to select the best system. Write a short speech to your people explaining which belief system you your people explaining which belief system you would choose and explain your reasoning to the would choose and explain your reasoning to the people of your kingdompeople of your kingdom

Qin Dynasty China 256-206 Qin Dynasty China 256-206 BCEBCE

Shi Huangdi Shi Huangdi became “First became “First Emperor”Emperor”

Conquered most of Conquered most of northern China by northern China by 221 BCE221 BCE

Qin DevelopmentsQin Developments Centralized government under Centralized government under

Legalist principlesLegalist principles Standardized weights and measuresStandardized weights and measures Public works and building programsPublic works and building programs Great Wall constructed to prevent Great Wall constructed to prevent

invasions by Hsiung-nuinvasions by Hsiung-nu

The Great WallThe Great Wall

Qin Cavalryman and horseQin Cavalryman and horse

Bronze Chariot and Horses of Bronze Chariot and Horses of Shi HuangdiShi Huangdi

Tomb of Shi HuangdiTomb of Shi Huangdi

Diagram showing tomb as Diagram showing tomb as originally constructedoriginally constructed

Fall of the Qin DynastyFall of the Qin Dynasty ““Ruthless efficiency” led to harsh, Ruthless efficiency” led to harsh,

Legalistic rule (book burnings, murder Legalistic rule (book burnings, murder of educated elites, conscription, etc.)of educated elites, conscription, etc.)

Peasant Revolts over heavy taxation, Peasant Revolts over heavy taxation, forced laborforced labor

Qin collapsed in 206 BC, four years Qin collapsed in 206 BC, four years after the death of the First Emperorafter the death of the First Emperor

Establishment of Han Establishment of Han DynastyDynasty

202 BCE - 220 CE 202 BCE - 220 CE Liu Bang - leads Liu Bang - leads

peasant revolts peasant revolts after death of Shi after death of Shi HuangdiHuangdi

202 BCE - Liu 202 BCE - Liu Bang has Bang has eliminated almost eliminated almost all of his all of his competition competition through military through military might and might and diplomacydiplomacy

Han Dynasty 202 BCE-220 Han Dynasty 202 BCE-220 CECE

The Classical Period in Chinese The Classical Period in Chinese historyhistory

Legalism replaced by ConfucianismLegalism replaced by Confucianism ““Shi-Bureaucrats” ran centralized Shi-Bureaucrats” ran centralized

governmentgovernment Standardization of coinage, weights Standardization of coinage, weights

and measuresand measures

Han Wudi 141-85 BCEHan Wudi 141-85 BCE Greatest and most Greatest and most

powerful Han Emperorpowerful Han Emperor Defeated Hsiung-nuDefeated Hsiung-nu Expanded Chinese Expanded Chinese

territoryterritory Increased Chinese Increased Chinese

influence in Central Asiainfluence in Central Asia Helped lead to Helped lead to

establishment of the establishment of the Silk Road Silk Road

Han SocietyHan Society Some lower classes allowed into Some lower classes allowed into

bureaucracy bureaucracy Strict emphasis on family relationships Strict emphasis on family relationships WomenWomen

PatriarchalPatriarchal Some could gain influence through male relativesSome could gain influence through male relatives

Three main groups:Three main groups: Landowners & educated bureaucratsLandowners & educated bureaucrats Peasants and ArtisansPeasants and Artisans ““Mean People” - merchants, actors, musiciansMean People” - merchants, actors, musicians

Han Politics/GovernmentHan Politics/Government Centralized administration, with less Centralized administration, with less

brutality than Qin dynastybrutality than Qin dynasty Improved bureaucracy Improved bureaucracy Attacked warlords/regional princes Attacked warlords/regional princes Focused less on military buildup Focused less on military buildup Emphasized Confucianism - education for Emphasized Confucianism - education for

bureaucratsbureaucrats Wu Ti - most famous emperor (140-87 BCE)Wu Ti - most famous emperor (140-87 BCE)

Brought peace to much of AsiaBrought peace to much of Asia Expanded territory Expanded territory Civil Service ExaminationCivil Service Examination

Han Interactions Han Interactions

Expansion into Korea, Vietnam and Expansion into Korea, Vietnam and Central AsiaCentral Asia

Expanded contact/trade with India Expanded contact/trade with India and Persian empiresand Persian empires

Later with Roman EmpireLater with Roman Empire

Han CultureHan Culture Treated Confucianism as religion-Treated Confucianism as religion-

shrines constructed shrines constructed Gov’t promoted philosophyGov’t promoted philosophy Continued construction of Great WallContinued construction of Great Wall Innovations - Seismograph, anatomical Innovations - Seismograph, anatomical

research, hygieneresearch, hygiene Animal collarsAnimal collars Pulleys and gearsPulleys and gears Increased production of textilesIncreased production of textiles Water-power mills Water-power mills Paper Paper

Han EconomyHan Economy Taxes lower than Qin, but get higher as Taxes lower than Qin, but get higher as

dynasty progressesdynasty progresses Copper coins Copper coins Required people to work on gov’t projectsRequired people to work on gov’t projects Gov’t influenced and controlled parts of Gov’t influenced and controlled parts of

economyeconomy Iron and Salt productionIron and Salt production Weights and MeasuresWeights and Measures Trade - silk, jewelry, leather goods, Trade - silk, jewelry, leather goods,

agricultural goodsagricultural goods Public works programs - canal systemsPublic works programs - canal systems Store surplus of rice and grain Store surplus of rice and grain

Chandragupta Maurya 321-297 Chandragupta Maurya 321-297 BCEBCE

Conquered Conquered Northern India, Northern India, Indus ValleyIndus Valley

Established Established Mauryan DynastyMauryan Dynasty

During Ashoka’s reign Buddhism During Ashoka’s reign Buddhism became dominant in India and became dominant in India and threatened to wipe out Hinduismthreatened to wipe out Hinduism

After Ashoka’s death, Hinduism After Ashoka’s death, Hinduism revived and Buddhism declinedrevived and Buddhism declined

Reasons for India’s Religious Reasons for India’s Religious Shift After AshokaShift After Ashoka

Hindu syncretism: Brahmins accepted Hindu syncretism: Brahmins accepted Buddha as god, encouraged Buddha as god, encouraged devotional cults and small sacrifices devotional cults and small sacrifices (personal worship and prayer), (personal worship and prayer), loosened caste restrictions and loosened caste restrictions and enhanced the role of womenenhanced the role of women

Buddhist withdrawal to monasteries, Buddhist withdrawal to monasteries, less active lives within Indialess active lives within India

Fa-Hsien: Life in Gupta Fa-Hsien: Life in Gupta IndiaIndia

Chinese Buddhist monk traveled along the Chinese Buddhist monk traveled along the Silk Road and visited India in the 5c. Silk Road and visited India in the 5c. He was following the pathHe was following the path of the Buddha. of the Buddha. He reported the people to He reported the people to be happy, relatively free of be happy, relatively free of government oppression, and government oppression, and inclined towards courtesy and inclined towards courtesy and charity. Other references in charity. Other references in the journal, however, indicate the journal, however, indicate that the caste system was that the caste system was rapidly assuming its basic features, including rapidly assuming its basic features, including "untouchability," the social isolation of a lowest "untouchability," the social isolation of a lowest class that is doomed to menial labor. class that is doomed to menial labor.

India Under The Gupta Dynasty India Under The Gupta Dynasty 320-550 CE320-550 CE

Hinduism dominantHinduism dominant Heavy rice cultivation in Ganges valleyHeavy rice cultivation in Ganges valley Economic expansion due to Silk Road Economic expansion due to Silk Road

and Indian Ocean tradeand Indian Ocean trade Cultural FloweringCultural Flowering Indian cultural influence on Southeast Indian cultural influence on Southeast

AsiaAsia

International Trade International Trade Routes during the GuptasRoutes during the Guptas

Extensive Trade:Extensive Trade:4c4c

spices

spices

spicesspices

gold & gold &

ivoryivorygold & gold & ivoryivory

rice & rice & wheatwheathorseshorses

cotton goodscotton goods

cotton goodscotton goodssilkssilks

GuptGuptaa

ArtArt

Greatly influenced Greatly influenced Southeast Asian art & Southeast Asian art &

architecture.architecture.

MedicineMedicine LiteratureLiterature

MathematicsMathematicsAstronomyAstronomy

PrintedPrintedmedicinal medicinal

guidesguides

1000 1000 diseasesdiseasesclassifiedclassified

PlasticPlasticSurgerySurgery

C-sectionsC-sectionsperformeperforme

dd

InoculatioInoculationsns

500 healing500 healingplants plants

identifiedidentified

DecimalDecimalSystemSystem

ConceptConceptof Zeroof Zero

PI = 3.1416PI = 3.1416

KalidasKalidasaa

SolarSolarCalendarCalendar

The The earthearth

is roundis round

GuptaGuptaIndiaIndia

Gupta Gupta AchievemenAchievemen

tsts

Kalidasa, Gupta India’s Kalidasa, Gupta India’s greatest writergreatest writer

Greatest of Greatest of India’s Sanskrit India’s Sanskrit WritersWriters

Famous for 3 Famous for 3 plays and 2 Epic plays and 2 Epic PoemsPoems

Mauryan and Gupta Mauryan and Gupta SimilaritiesSimilarities

““Theater-State” System: Reign down Theater-State” System: Reign down riches on those areas most loyalriches on those areas most loyal

25% Agricultural Tax to finance govt.25% Agricultural Tax to finance govt. Government monopolies over key Government monopolies over key

industries (ship building, iron metallurgy, industries (ship building, iron metallurgy, armaments, etc.)armaments, etc.)

Both dynasties fade off into decentralized Both dynasties fade off into decentralized states (though not a decline in India)states (though not a decline in India)