21 - CLASS NOTES CGC 1D1: Indigenous History

Canada: is from Kanata, meaning “ ” or “ ” in the language of the Huron.

Saskatchewan: the province got its name from the Saskatchewan River, which the Cree called Kisiskatchewani Sipi, meaning “ .”

Manitoba: the likeliest source is the Cree maniot-wapow, “the strait of the spirit or manitobau." This name refers to the roaring sound produced by pebbles on a beach on Manitoba Island in Lake Manitoba.

- The Cree believed the noise sounded like a manito, a spirit, beating a drum. - It has also been suggested that the name comes from the Assiniboine words

mini and tobow, meaning “Lake of the Prairie.”

: this Huron name, first applied to the lake, may be a version of onitariio, meaning “beautiful lake,” or kanadario, which translates as “sparkling” or “beautiful” water.

Quebec: Aboriginal peoples first used the name kebek for the region around the city of Quebec. It refers to the Algonquin word for “ ” or “strait” to indicate the narrowing of the river at Cape Diamond.

: this name belonged originally to the river, and is from a Loucheux word, LoYu-kun-ah, meaning “great river.”

Nunavut: the name of Canada’s , which came into being on April 1, 1999, and means “ ” in Inuktitut

TYPES OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLE:

DID YOU KNOW?? Video

When did Indigenous people get to vote?

What did they have to give up?

They were given the vote much earlier, but why was it taken away?

What was the Indian Act?

What were some of the strange rules that were introduced into the Act?

Was it ever put into Indigenous Languages?

How was the role of women different in Indigenous culture as opposed to European type culture?

Why is it so hard to set up a business for Indigenous people?

What was the purpose of the RESIDENTIAL SCHOOLS?

What are some of the issues brought up about land ownership and the rights of Indigenous people?

With many hardships over the past 500 years,Aboriginals signed treaties with Europeans hoping to accomplish two goals:

1-

2-

Using your text(Chapter 16 p177-80) answer the following questions:

1. What is a treaty?

a) What is the British Royal Proclamation of 1763?

b) What two important principles did this give to British administrators who dealt with FirstNations?

c) In what ways were the principles of theRoyal Proclamation not followed?

2. What is the Indian Act of 1876?

Present Day Aboriginal Treaties and Conditions

There are two critical ways Aboriginals failed to meet theneeds of their people:

1.

2.

Loss of land:

European settlement took away Aboriginal People’s access to land Unable to maintain a Traditional way of life The 2360 reserves in Canada were only given a total of 27 500 km2 – about 0.3

% of Canada’s total area Land was of poor quality

Loss of Self Government:

• The traditions of some of the oldest democracies in the world run by the Aboriginal People were taken away by the dominated government

• were developed

• Aboriginal children were taken from their homes and sent to live and learn in schools where the idea of “ ” was promoted taking away their culture and way of life to assimilate them

• In several cases the children were abused as well

• Lack of did not allow the people to hunt or fish traditionally as the ‘New’ government made legislation to protect wildlife

Most treaties were signed in the 18th and 19th century. By _______ this process came to an end and it was even illegal between 1927 and 1951 for a First Nation to ____________________________________________________________ on its behalf.

TWO MAJOR TYPES OF LAND CLAIMS:

Comprehensive Claim: First Nation people that

Comprehensive = covering many issues

Specific Land (Comprehensive) Claims:

Read the Article:

Toxic Water: The Kashechewan Story

Complete the Questions in full sentences

Problems continue: Attawapiskat 2011

2012 IDLE NO MORE – Movement in

response to the problems First Nations

people were facing with the government

THE INUIT PEOPLE – People of the North

INUIT translated means: “___________________________”

In the USA they are referred to as “Eskimo” which is actually a derogatory term literally meaning ‘Eaters of raw meat’

Sometimes referred to as “____________” these people lived off the land

________________ with animals (Food sources)

Because they lived in Northern less desirable locations they were less affected than the more southerly Indigenous People

COLD WAR CHANGED THIS!

Initially the Arctic region was a cold and desolate place which no one really had an interest in

As a link to the East Canada became concerned as other countries like Norway and the superpowers of the U.S.S.R. and the USA became interested

In order to lay claim to this huge area ____________________________________ and settlements and they _________ the Inuit People in to live in them, often relocating them to the far reaches of the north

The “_________________________” as it was termed came to be known came to pass

Time of __________________! Inuit were forced to live in towns built by the Canadian Government to show we had established settlements so that we could claim the Arctic region

Period of Darkness lasts from about 1973 to 1999

REVITALIZATION!

The Inuit culture lost after being forced to live in towns – living off the land

PROBLEMS DEVELOPED:

Alcoholism, Depression, Drug Abuse (Gas sniffing, etc.)

People no longer knew how to live

Cost to live in these northern regions was extreme

All food and supplies had to be shipped in

COST OF LIVING:

Water Melon $22

1L Pure Orange Juice $26

Grapes $28/kg

Peanut Butter $18/kg

Battling a suicide rate ______________ the Canadian average!

At this time no major ______________ in the area and ___% of teachers who work in Nunavut are Southerners

Trying to reintroduce the culture: Inuktituk Classes:

____________ are part of cultural classes

Some ________________ have been established

Tech classes and improvements in education

Fighting the Battle: the idea that Inuit are “Lazy people that don’t want to work” as termed by people living in the south, but it was the government who created this problem!