5 - CGC 1P1 STUDY NOTES: Seasons…

The earth is turning or ROTATING on it’s ______ which gives us day and night. It also in ORBIT around the sun.

As the earth rotates, it’s not in a perfect position.

When you spin a top, initially the top spins so that it remains level, but the earth, just like a top that starts to slow down, tilts. This gives us our seasons. The consistent fact is that the earth’s axis always points to the North Star

Our planet is divided into what are called . There are TWO HEMISPHERES:

Hemisphere (Area north of the equator)

Hemisphere (Area south of the equator)

When the earth is tilted so that the Northern Hemisphere is closer to the sun, we here in Canada have and in the Southern Hemisphere they have .

DATES TO REMEMBER…

As the seasons change certain dates become important. These dates are for the NORTHERN HEMISPHERE:

•September : Atumnal Equinox – Day and night are equal•December : Winter Solstice (Shortest Day)•March : Vernal Equinox – Day and night are equal •June : Summer Solstice (Longest Day)

NOTE: These dates vary slightly every year.

Seasons in the Hemispheres

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I know what season it is…

BASEBALL SEASON!!! Go Jays!

LOCATING PLACES ON MAPS!

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Grid Systems: A grid is made up of two sets of parallel lines, horizontal and vertical. We find

things where these lines cross.

are an excellent example of a grid system we use on maps

in Geography and we will talk more about this shortly. Let’s start with something more basic.

This kind of grid uses along one edge and along the other to

find points on a map. Have you ever played Battle Ship?? If you have you’ve seen this kind of

grid.

On page 28 in your text you will find an example of this type of grid.

In an Alphanumeric Grid you put the first then you put the .

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13 14 15 16

L

M

N

O

These types of grids are good if you want to find a general area of something and are often used

on maps so you can find something quickly but they are not overly accurate.

Map Grid or Grid

This Type of grid uses numbers on both the Horizontal and Vertical edges to locate places on a

map.

FOUR-DIGIT GRID REFERENCE:

In this case number represents the vertical grid line and the column to the

right of it

The line represents the horizontal grid line and also the row above it

The two together give us a on the map

Give the Four Digit Grid Reference for: 1- 2- 3-

4- 5- 6- (if you were not in class, see the powerpoint)

SIX-DIGIT GRID REFERENCE:

Allows us to give a more or location by dividing each box into

“ ” and then you estimate a more exact location rather than a

as a location.

Give the Six-Digit Grid Reference for the letters:

A.

B.

C.

D.

(If you were not in class see the powerpoint for answers)

LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE – Video notes

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If the Earth were flat, rectangular coordinates (x,y) would be sufficient to describe the locations of points on its surface. However, Earth is a sphere with no sides, and a special frame of reference is needed. The poles of Earth provide this reference frame.

Lines of Latitude EQUATOR – an imaginary line that divides the Earth into 2 equal parts (Northern & Southern hemispheres) • Are imaginary lines • The Equator is the starting point for latitude lines • Measure the distance North & South of the Equator • Lines are drawn around the Earth, parallel to the Equator • Lines never intersect each other • Lines are approximately 111 km apart

• Lines are used as political boundaries

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Latitude & Longitude

Lines of Longitude PRIME MERIDIAN – an imaginary line that divides the Earth into 2 equal parts (Eastern & Western hemispheres) • Are imaginary lines • The Prime Meridian is the starting point for longitude lines • The International Date Line is the 180 degree meridian • Measure the distance East and West of the Prime Meridian • Lines are drawn from the North Pole to the South Pole • Lines converge at the poles and are furthest apart at the Equator • Longitude lines are longer than latitude lines • Lines are used to determine time zones

ABSOLUTE LOCATION – the location of a point on the Earth using latitude and longitude lines Using the latitude & longitude grid we can pinpoint any place on the Earth. This location is specified by a series of numbers

degrees minutes seconds 44 25 14 N

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Using Latitude and LongitudeTo find your exact location on a map, you need to determine which latitude line and which longitude line meet where you are standing. When writing locations, the latitude is given first. Miami, Florida has a location of 250 North and 800 West. This is usually written in short form as 250N 800W.

Give the latitude and longitude of the objects positioned on the grid below.

1. Beaver ____________________

2. Maple Leaf _________________

3. Moose ____________________

4. Wolf ______________________

5. Seal______________________

6. Racoon ___________________

7. Polar Bear _________________

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50 E 40 E 30 E 20 E 10 E 0 10 W 20 W 30 W 40 W 50 W 50 N

40 N

30 N

20 N

10 N

10 S

20 S

30 S

40 S

50 S

0 degrees

degrees

Are you ready to race??

TIME ZONES!

Is time really different on different places on the earth??

Not really. Time is ___________ in reality, however, in order to make

life easier, we adjust it according to local conditions.

Local time is important because we base our lives on ______ days, and

in early times we would work ________________________________.

Canada has ________ time zones! So when you go to bed in

Newfoundland at 10pm, well in Vancouver B.C. you may just be having

dinner or coming home from work at 5:30pm!

What are time zones?

A Canadian named _________________________ came up with the idea of time

zones in the 1880’s so that the time day depends on the location and position of the

sun. There are ________time zones across the world since the world rotates one

complete rotation in 24 hours. Since the earth rotates through _____ ̊ (degrees) in

24 hours, it then rotates through ____ ̊ of longitude every hour. Each time zone is

then 15 ̊ wide. Every place within a time zone shares the _________ time.

Why do we need time zones?

We need time zones because we judge the time of day by the _______. When it is

3:00 pm for us on a Friday afternoon for example, we know that it should be day

time. So can it be 3:00pm for Australia at that very same time? No. In Australia it

would be ____________________, or about 5:30am. This is all according to when

the ___________________________.

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TIME ZONES… Continued

Where do we find Universal Time?

We find Universal time at the _______________________, or the center of the

time zone system.

How do we know if we are ahead or behind of Universal Time?

If you move __________of the prime meridian, every ______ degrees you move

one hour ________________. For every _____degrees West you shift one hour

_______________________ the time at the Prime Meridian.

Do all countries use the time zone system?

________________ now observe time zones, however some countries may modify

time zones to accommodate ___________________ so that your neighbourhood or

home does not fall directly on a time zone boundary.

Canada has ___________________, Ontario is very large and falls

into_______time zones but to keep things simple, the time zone is shifted slightly

west to avoid too much confusion and only a small part of Ontario changes time

zones.

THE INTERNATIONAL DATE LINE: This is on the opposite side of the world as

the Prime Meridian and when you cross it, you change the DATE as well as the

time.

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You Sunk My Battleship!Instructions

a) Draw the following ships onto your grid, either vertically or horizontally (don’t show your partner)

1 Air Craft Carrier – 5 squares

1 Battleship – 4 squares

1 Submarine – 3 squares

1 Cruiser – 3 squares

1 Destroyer – 2 squares

b) With a partner take turns calling out the gird reference (i.e. 3080 – bottom left corner box). When a grid reference is called, each player must tell whether it is a “HIT” or a “MISS”. When a reference includes a whole ship, that ship sinks. If only part of a ship is hit, the remaining parts must be called out before the ship is sunk.

c) Both players keep track

of their calls on their target

grid (where you’re shooting) and on their ocean grid (where your opponent is shooting)

d) The first player to sink the other players’ ships, wins!

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Target Grid

92

91

90

89

88

87

86

85

84

83

82

30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42

30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42

92

91

90

89

88

87

86

85

84

83

82

81

80

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Ocean Grid

92

91

90

89

88

87

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