· Web viewKS3 Bio 7B Reproduction 116marks 4Teachers. Q1. The drawing shows a baby inside its mother’s uterus. Some substances pass from the mother’s blood to the baby’s

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KS3 Bio 7B Reproduction 116marks 4Teachers

Q1. The drawing shows a baby inside its mother’s uterus.

Some substances pass from the mother’s blood to the baby’s blood.

Other substances pass from the baby’s blood to the mother’s blood.

Which way, if any, do the substances in the table pass?

Tick one box in each row.

4 marks

Patrick Brannac www.SmashingChemistry.com Page 1 of 36

http://www.SmashingChemistry.com/

Q2. The diagram shows a baby developing inside its mother’s body.

(Adapted from Introduction to Biology, D.G.Makean;

published by John Murray 1971)

(a) Eggs are produced in organ X.

What is the name of organ X?

....................................................................................................................1 mark

(b) The baby grows in a bag of amniotic fluid which is inside organ Y.

What is the name of organ Y?

....................................................................................................................1 mark

(c) (i) Through which part, labelled in the diagram, is food passed from the

mother to the baby?

.............................................................................................................1 mark

(ii) Name one useful substance, other than food, which passes from the mother to the unborn baby.

.............................................................................................................1 mark

(d) The diagram shows an organ system of the mother’s body.

What is the name of this organ system?

....................................................................................................................1 mark

Maximum 5 marks



Q3. The diagrams below show the male and female human reproductive systems.

not to scale

(a) The table below contains descriptions of parts of the human reproductive system.

Complete the table to give the name of each part.

name of part description

the tube that carries an egg to the uterus

the organ that produces sperm

he organ that produces the egg

3 marks

(b) The diagram below shows an unborn baby.



Complete the sentences below by filling in the gaps.

In humans, normal pregnancy lasts for .................. months.

When the foetus is ready to be born, muscles in the uterus wall start

to ............................................. .2 marks

After the baby is born, the .......................................................... connecting

the foetus to the mother is cut.1 marks

maximum 6 marks

Q4. The diagram shows a woman’s reproductive system just before fertilisation takes place.

An egg cell, a ciliated cell and a sperm cell are drawn in more detail.

not to scale



(a) An egg cell is fertilised by a sperm cell in the oviduct.

Describe one way in which a sperm cell is adapted to its function.

......................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................1 mark

(b) What is the function of the ciliated cells in the lining of the oviduct?

......................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................1 mark

(c) A hen’s egg contains yolk which is a food store for the developing chick.

A human egg cell does not contain yolk.

Describe the way a human foetus gets its food.

......................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................3 marks

Maximum 5 marks ##

(a) This question is about the menstrual cycle. Choose words from the list to complete the sentences.

a daily the uterus the middle an ovary a weekly

the beginning a monthly the end the vagina

Menstruation is part of ......................................................... cycle.

The cycle begins when the lining of ...................................... breaks away.

An ovum (egg) is released from .......................................... at about

.............................................. of each cycle.4 marks

(b) During adolescence, boys’ bodies change. Describe two of the changes.

......................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................



......................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................2 marks

Maximum 6 marks



Q6. The drawing shows a flower. Six parts are labelled P, Q, R, S, T and U.

(a) The names of three of these parts are given in the table.

Write the letter of each part next to its name in the table.

3 marks

(b) Which two letters on the drawing show parts of the stamen?

................................ and ..................................1 mark

Maximum 4 marks



Q7. (a) The graph below shows how the mass of a human foetus increases during the 40 weeks of pregnancy.

In which five-week period on the graph does the mass of the foetus increase most rapidly?

......................................................................................................................1 mark

The foetus is surrounded by a liquid called amniotic fluid.

(b) Give one function of the amniotic fluid.

......................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................1 mark



(c) The foetus needs oxygen but cannot breathe while it is in the uterus.

Describe how oxygen gets from the air to the cells of the foetus.

......................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................3 marks

Maximum 5 marks

Q8. (a) The diagram shows a human sperm cell.

(i) What is the function of the nucleus of a sperm?

.............................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................1 mark

(ii) Sperm use their tails to swim to the egg so that fertilisation can take place.

Give one other way in which a sperm is adapted for fertilisation. Explain your answer.

.............................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................1 mark

(b) The diagram shows the human male reproductive system.



The testes are outside the main part of the body.

Suggest the relationship between temperature and sperm production.

.....................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................1 mark

(c) A chemical called a hormone, which changes a boy’s body, is produced from adolescence onwards.

(i) Where is this hormone produced?

...........................................1 mark

(ii) Describe one change caused by this hormone.

.............................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................1 mark

(d) (i) During sexual intercourse about 250 million sperm are released at a time into the body of a woman.

Why is it necessary to release so many sperm at a time?

.............................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................1 mark

(ii) Before being released from the body, sperm are mixed with a fluid. The fluid contains sugar.

Explain how and why a sperm makes use of the sugar.

.............................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................2 marks

Maximum 8 marks



Q9. The diagram shows a section through the female reproductive system.

(a) (i) What happens at fertilisation?

.............................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................1 mark

(ii) In which labelled part of the female reproductive system does fertilisation normally take place?

.............................................................................................................1 mark

(iii) In which labelled part of the female reproductive system does the foetus develop?

.............................................................................................................1 mark

(b) Some women have blocked oviducts.

How do blocked oviducts prevent fertilisation taking place?

.....................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................1 mark

(c) When a baby is born it is pushed out of the mother's body.

Describe what happens in the wall of the uterus to push the baby out.

.....................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................1 mark

Maximum 5 marks



Q10. The diagrams below show a human ovum (egg) and a human sperm.

(a) What are eggs and sperm?

Tick the correct box.

animals cells organs 1 mark

(b) Which part does a sperm use to swim towards an egg?

......................................................1 mark

(c) Give the name of the male reproductive organ where sperm are made.

.......................................................1 mark

(d) The diagram below shows a sperm joining with an egg.

What is this process called?


fertilisation growth

nutrition respiration 1 mark

Maximum 4 marks



Q11. The diagram shows a section through the human female reproductive system.

(a) (i) How often are eggs normally released in the female reproductive system?

.............................................................................................................1 mark

(ii) In which labelled part is an egg normally fertilised by a sperm?

..........................................1 mark

(b) Fill the two gaps in the sentences below.

A fertilised egg divides into a tiny ball of cells called an embryo.

The embryo attaches to the lining of the uterus. Here the embryo

grows to become an unborn baby, called a ...................................... .

It takes about ...................................... months for a baby to develop

inside its mother.2 marks

(c) The diagram below shows a baby growing in its mother’s uterus.



(i) What is the function of the amniotic fluid?

.............................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................1 mark

(ii) Through which part can harmful substances, such as nicotine, pass from the mother’s blood to the baby’s blood?

.................................................1 mark

(iii) Give one other harmful substance which may be passed from the mother’s blood to the baby’s blood.

............................................1 mark

(d) When the baby is born it is pushed out of the mother’s body.

What happens in the wall of the uterus to push the baby out?

.....................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................1 mark

Maximum 8 marks

Q12. The diagram shows two families. Some of the people in the diagram have freckles.

family A family B



(a) (i) Which children are most likely to have freckles?

Tick the correct boxes.

Richard Simon Katie Penny Becca

1 mark

(ii) How did you decide?

.............................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................1 mark

(iii) Suggest why Bill does not have freckles.

.............................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................1 mark

(b) (i) Which two cells pass on information from parents to their children?

Tick the two correct boxes.



bone cell cheek cell

egg cell muscle cell

red blood cell sperm cell 1 mark

(ii) Which organ system produces these two cells?


circulatory system

digestive system

reproductive system

respiratory system 1 mark

maximum 5 marks

Q13. (a) The diagram below shows the female reproductive system and a ciliated cell.

not to scale

Ciliated cells move an ovum along part of the reproductive system.

(i) In which part of the reproductive system are ciliated cells found?

.............................................................1 mark

(ii) Describe how ciliated cells move an ovum along.

...............................................................................................................



...............................................................................................................1 mark

(b) The diagrams below represent what happens at fertilisation and after fertilisation

has taken place.

not to scale

(i) Some women find it difficult to become pregnant. Doctors have developed

a technique in which an ovum is fertilised in a test-tube. An embryo is then

implanted into the woman’s reproductive system.

Which stage in part (b) shows an embryo and which stage shows a foetus?

embryo ...........................................................

foetus .............................................................1 mark

(ii) Into which part of the woman’s reproductive system is the embryo

implanted?

.............................................................1 mark

(c) (i) Explain why a child can look like both parents but is not identical to either

of the parents.

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................2 marks

(ii) In the table below, tick one box by each human characteristic to show

whether it is:Patrick Brannac www.SmashingChemistry.com Page 17 of 36


• inherited only

• inherited and affected by environmental conditions.

humancharacteristic inherited only

inherited and affected by environmental

conditions

eye colour

skin colour

weight

1 markmaximum 7 marks

Q14. (a) When fertilisation takes place, the nucleus of a sperm joins with the nucleus of

an ovum (egg).

In which part of the reproductive system does fertilisation normally take place in

humans?


cervix ovary

oviduct uterus 1 mark

(b) The table below gives information about fertilisation in three animals.

animal Does fertilisation take place inside or outside the body?

Number of eggs released at a time

human inside 1

bird inside 4

frog outside 3000

Frogs release their eggs and sperm into water.

The eggs are fertilised in the water.

Why is it an advantage for frogs to release large numbers of eggs and sperm?

......................................................................................................................



......................................................................................................................1 mark

(c) The diagram shows a section through a fertilised egg of a bird.

(i) The shell of a bird’s egg is porous. This means it has microscopic holes in

it.

Why does it need to be porous?

.............................................................................................................1 mark

(ii) Give one other function of the egg shell.

.............................................................................................................1 mark

(d) A bird’s egg contains yolk which is a food store for the developing chick.

A human egg does not contain yolk.

Why does a human egg not need to contain a food store for the embryo?

......................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................1 mark

maximum 5 marks

Q15. During pregnancy a woman's body increases in mass.

The table shows the average increase in mass in some parts of the body during pregnancy.

partincrease in mass

during pregnancy (kg)

foetus 3.6

uterus 0.9

placenta 0.7



red blood cells 0.2

amniotic fluid 0.9

breast tissue 0.4

fat 3.9

(a) Explain why the mass of the placenta increases as the foetus develops.

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................2 marks

(b) Pregnant women need to make sure they have plenty of iron in their diet.

Use information in the table to explain why they need extra iron.

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................1 mark

(c) The foetus is not part of a woman’s body before she becomes pregnant.

Which two other parts from the table are not present in her body before she becomes pregnant?

........................................................ and ........................................................1 mark

(d) (i) The diagram shows the blood supply in the placenta and umbilical cord.

not to scale

When the mother breathes, oxygen and other gases pass to the foetus.

Complete the flow diagram below to show how oxygen passes from the mother



to the foetus. Use all the words from the list below.

lungs umbilical cord blood of foetus windpipe placenta

2 marks

(ii) When a pregnant woman breathes in cigarette smoke, carbon monoxide gas combines with some of her red blood cells.

How could this harm the foetus?

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................1 mark

maximum 7 marks

Q16. Choose words from the box below to answer all the questions.

cell division digestion fertilisation foetus genesintestine ovary ovum (egg) sperm testis uterus

(a)

A

(i) What is the name of cell A?

.............................................................1 mark

(ii) Where is cell A produced?

.............................................................



1 mark

(b)

B

(i) What is the name of cell B?

.............................................................1 mark

(ii) Where is cell B produced?

.............................................................1 mark

(c)

C not to scale

What process is shown in C? Choose your answer from the box above.

.............................................................1 mark

(d) The diagram shows a baby developing inside its mother.



(i) Which word means an unborn baby? Choose your answer from the box

above.

.............................................................1 mark

(ii) Where does the unborn baby develop? Choose your answer from the box

above.

.............................................................1 mark

maximumm 7 marks

Q17. During pregnancy a woman's body increases in mass.

The table shows the average increase in mass in some parts of the body during pregnancy.

partincrease in mass

during pregnancy (kg)

foetus 3.6

uterus 0.9

placenta 0.7

red blood cells 0.2

amniotic fluid 0.9

breast tissue 0.4

fat 3.9

(a) Explain why the mass of the placenta increases as the foetus develops.



........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................2 marks

(b) Pregnant women need to make sure they have plenty of iron in their diet.

Use information in the table to explain why they need extra iron.

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................1 mark

(c) The foetus is not part of a woman’s body before she becomes pregnant.

Which two other parts from the table are not present in her body before she becomes pregnant?

........................................................ and ........................................................1 mark

(d) (i) The diagram shows the blood supply in the placenta and umbilical cord.

not to scale

When the mother breathes, oxygen and other gases pass to the foetus.

Complete the flow diagram below to show how oxygen passes from the mother to the foetus. Use all the words from the list below.

lungs umbilical cord blood of foetus windpipe placenta



2 marks

(ii) When a pregnant woman breathes in cigarette smoke, carbon monoxide gas combines with some of her red blood cells.

How could this harm the foetus?

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................1 mark

maximum 7 marks

Q18. Diagram 1 shows a baby in its mother’s uterus.

diagram 1



(a) What is the normal length of pregnancy in humans?

.................. months1 mark

(b) (i) What is the function of the amniotic fluid around the baby?

................................................................................................................1 mark

(ii) As a baby is born, it is pushed out of the mother’s body.

Look at the diagram above.

What happens in the wall of the uterus to push the baby out?

................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................1 mark

(c) How does a baby get oxygen from its mother while it is inside its mother’s uterus?

.........................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................1 mark

(d) Diagram 2 shows a section through the mother’s lungs.

diagram 2

Look at diagram 2.

From which labelled part is oxygen absorbed into the blood?

..............................................1 mark

maximum 5 marks

Q19. Diagram 1 shows the female reproductive system.



diagram 1

(a) Diagram 2 is a graph showing how the thickness of the uterus changed over a

28-day cycle.

diagram 2

(i) Why did the thickness of the lining of the uterus decrease between day 1

and day 5 of this cycle?

................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................1 mark

(ii) Suggest which day in this cycle an ovum (egg) is most likely to be fertilised.

day ..............

What evidence is there for this in the graph?

................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................1 mark

(iii) The graph shows that the lining of the uterus builds up again between day



5 and day 14.

Why is this necessary?

................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................1 mark

(b) (i) Continue the line on the graph to show what would happen to the thickness

of the lining of the uterus after 28 days if an ovum was fertilised.1 mark

(ii) Explain your answer.

................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................1 mark

maximum 5 marks

Q20.The diagram shows the reproductive parts of a flower.

(a) Draw one line from each function to the correct structure.

Function Structure

anthers

where female gametes are formed

ovules

where pollen grains are produced

stigma

where pollen Patrick Brannac www.SmashingChemistry.com Page 28 of 36


grains land during pollination

style

(3)

(b) Suggest one way in which flowers attract pollinating insects.

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................(1)

(c) The pollen grains land on the female part of the flower.

Describe the next stages in the process which results in seed formation.

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................(4)

(Total 8 marks)



Mark SchemeM1.

substance passes from the mother’s blood to the baby’s blood

passes from the baby’s blood to

the mother’s blood

poisons from cigarette smoke

oxygen digested food carbon dioxide

[4] M2. (a) ovaryaccept ‘ovaries’ do not accept ‘ovum’

1 (L6)(b) uterusaccept ‘womb’

1 (L6)(c) (i) placentado not accept ‘umbilical cord’

1 (L6)(ii) any one from• oxygen• antibodies• waterdo not accept ‘air’ or ‘blood’ or ‘liquidor ‘food’ or any type of nutrient

1 (L6)(d) reproductive systemaccept ‘reproductive’ or ‘reproduction’do not accept ‘sex organs’

1 (L6)[5]

M3. (a)

part description• oviduct • testes • ovary

accept ‘fallopian (tube)’ for oviduct‘egg tube’ is insufficientaccept ‘testis’ or ‘testicle(s)’ for testesdo not accept ‘ovules’ for ovaryaccept only the technical terms given

3 (L5)(b) • 9accept ‘9 ½’accept a number in the range of 37– 42 only if the unit is changed to ‘weeks’

1 (L5)• contractaccept ‘contractions’‘tense’ is insufficientaccept ‘contract and relax’‘squeeze’ is insufficient

accept ‘(muscles) get shorter’‘get smaller’ is insufficient as the volume of the muscles does not change

1 (L5)• umbilical cordaccept ‘cord’ or ‘umbilical’‘tube’ is insufficient

1 (L5)[6]

M4. (a) any one from• has tail or flagellum• it is streamlinedaccept ‘it has a pointed head’accept ‘it only contains half the number of chromosomes’

1 (L7)(b) cilia move or push the eggaccept ‘to waft the egg along’

1 (L7)(c) any three from• from the mother’s intestineaccept ‘through the mother’s gut’• carried in the mother’s blood• through the placenta• into the blood of the foetus• along the umbilical cord

3 (L7)[5]

M5. (a) • a monthly

1 (L6)• the uterusaccept ‘uterus’

1 (L6)• an ovaryaccept ‘ovary’

1 (L6)• the middle

1 (L6)(b) any two from• voice becomes deeper• increase in facial hair• increase in body hairaccept ‘voice breaks or changes’accept ‘grows a beard’accept ‘growth of pubic hairor hairy chestor hair in armpits’• growth of penis• growth of testes or testicles• start to produce sperm• growth spurtaccept ‘rapid growth’do not accept ‘growth’ or ‘gets taller’accept ‘development of more adult body shape’or a description of a more adult body shape,



such as ‘wider shoulders’ accept ‘sweats more’2 (L5)

[6] ## (a)

name of part letter of partanther (*)Tstyle (*)P

stigma (*)U

3 (L4)(b) T and Sletters may be in either orderboth letters are required for the mark

1 (L4)[4]

M7. (a) 35 to 40 weeksaccept ‘35 and 40’ or ‘the last five weeks’

1(b) any one from• it allows the foetus to moveaccept ‘it allows the foetus to grow’• it protects or cushions the foetus• it supports the foetus

1(c) any three from• taken in by mother’s lungaccept ‘breathed in’• diffusion into the mother’s blood• transported in mother’s blood• through the placentaaccept ‘diffusion from the mother’s blood to the baby’s blood’• through the umbilical cord• in blood of foetusaccept ‘in baby’s blood’• diffusion into the cells of the foetusaccept ‘in the blood’ as an alternative to either ‘transportedin mother’s blood’ or ‘in blood of foetus’, but not to both

3[5]

M8. (a) (i) any one from• it controls the activities of the sperm or cell• it carries or passes on genetic informationaccept ‘passes on information’• it contains the genesaccept ‘it contains chromosomes’do not accept ‘it carries all the genetic information of the baby’• fertilisation

1 (L6)(ii) Both the adaptation and the reason are required for the mark.any one from• streamlined or has a pointed head to help it swim

or penetrate the egg• it produces a chemical to help it penetrate the egg• very little cytoplasm so it swims faster

1 (L7)(b) the best temperature for making sperm is lower than body temperatureaccept ‘a lower temperature is needed for producing sperm’accept ‘at higher temperatures sperm might be defective’

1 (L7)(c) (i) in the testes or testis

1 (L7)(ii) any one from• body hair or pubic hair or hairy armpitsdo not accept ‘acne or spots’• facial hair or beard• breaking or lowering of the voice• growth of the penis or testesdo not accept ‘the testes drop’• body becomes more muscularaccept ‘shoulders broaden’ or ‘muscles develop’• sperm production begins• growth spurtdo not accept ‘grows taller’

1 (L6)(d) (i) any one from• to increase the chance of one reaching the egg or the oviductaccept ‘to make sure an egg is fertilised’• most sperm die before reaching the egg or oviductaccept ‘most do not reach the egg’‘most sperm die’ is insufficient

1 (L7)(ii) for respirationaccept ‘for energy’do not accept ‘for food’

1 (L7) for movement or for swimmingaccept ‘to reach the egg’

1 (L7)[8]

M9. (a) (i) the nucleus of the egg and the nucleus of the sperm join or fuseaccept ‘the sperm and the egg join’accept ‘a sperm fertilises an egg’‘a sperm meets an egg’is insufficient

1 (L5)(ii) the oviduct or fallopian tube

1 (L5)(iii) uterusaccept womb

1 (L5)(b) any one from• the egg cannot pass down the oviduct• the sperm and egg cannot meet• sperm cannot get through



do not accept ‘the egg cannot reach the uterus’

1 (L6)(c) any one from• muscles contract• contractions

1 (L6)[5]

M10. (a) cells if more than one box is ticked, award no mark

1 (L3)(b) tail

1 (L3)(c) testis or testicleaccept plurals

1 (L4)(d) fertilisation if more than one box is ticked, award no mark

1 (L3)[4]

M11. (a) (i) any one from• every month or once a month• every four weeks• every 28 daysaccept answers from 26 days to 30 days

1 (L5)(ii) oviduct or fallopian tube

1 (L6)(b) foetus

1 (L5)9answers must be in the correct order

1 (L5)(c) (i) any one from• it cushions the baby• it protects the baby against shocks or bumpsaccept ‘it protects the baby’• it absorbs shocksdo not accept ‘keeps it warm’ or ‘keeps it moist’

1 (L6)(ii) placenta

1 (L5)(iii) alcoholaccept ‘drugs’ or a named drugaccept a named toxinaccept ‘viruses’ or a named virus or a named viral disease

1 (L5)(d) muscles contractaccept ‘contractions’

1 (L6)[8]

M12. (a) (i) Katie Becca both answers are required for the markif more than two boxes are ticked, award no mark

1 (L3)(ii) any one from• their mother or Pam has freckles• their father or David has freckles• their parents have freckles• their grandmother or Mary has freckles• only family B has frecklesaccept ‘Rachel and Bill do not have freckles’accept ‘a grandparent has freckles’accept ‘their family or the family on the right has freckles’accept ‘freckles run in the family’accept ‘family A does not have freckles’

1 (L4)(iii) his parents or Bob and Emily do not have frecklesaccept ‘his family does not have freckles’accept ‘his grandparents do not have freckles’accept ‘he is not in family B’ if the answer for (ii) is‘only family B has freckles’

1 (L4)(b) (i) egg cell sperm cell both answers are required for the markif more than two boxes are ticked, deductone mark for each incorrect tickminimum mark zero

1 (L4)(ii) reproductive system if more than one box is ticked, award no mark

1 (L4)[5]

M13. (a) (i) oviduct or fallopian tube1 (L7)

(ii) cilia move in a wave or from side to sideaccept ‘they waft or carry it along’ accept ‘the hairs move it along’ accept ‘the hairs or cilia waft or move’‘the hairs’ or ‘the cilia’ are insufficient

1 (L7)(b) (i) embryo: stage 3accept ‘3’foetus: stage 4accept ‘4’both answers are required for the mark

1 (L7)(ii) uterusaccept ‘womb’

1 (L6)(c) (i) any two from• a reference to genes or genetic material or DNAor chromosomesaccept for one mark ‘to be the same as someoneelse you need exactly the same genes’• it has a different combination (of genes)• it is made from an egg and spermaccept for two marks ‘it only has half the DNAor chromosomes from each parent’



• (it gets genetic information) from both parents

2 (L7)(ii)

human characteristic inherited only

inherited and affected by environmental

conditionseye colour skin colour

weight

all three ticks are required for the markif there is more than one tick in any row, award no mark

1 (L7)[7]

M14. (a) oviduct if more than one box is ticked, award no mark

1 (L6)(b) any one from• some eggs or sperm might be eaten or lost• eggs or sperm are not protected inside the body• to increase the chance of an egg being fertilisedaccept ‘to make fertilisation more likely’• some eggs might not be fertilised• some are washed awayaccept ‘some die’• some of the offspring might be eatenaccept ‘more tadpoles’

1 (L5)(c) (i) any one from• to let oxygen or air into the egg• to let carbon dioxide or waste gases out• to allow gas exchangeaccept ‘for respiration’do not accept ‘to let waste out’

1 (L5)(ii) any one from• for protection• to stop the egg drying outaccept ‘it stops it drying out’• it stops infection or diseaseaccept ‘it stops micro-organisms or bacteriaor viruses or germs getting in’accept ‘to retain the contents’‘it stops infection getting in’ is insufficient

1 (L5)(d) any one from• food passes from the mother to the embryo or babyaccept ‘the mother provides food’• the embryo is fed through the placentaaccept ‘it is fed through the umbilical cord’• it gets food from the mother’s blooddo not accept ‘it gets food from the blood’

1 (L6)[5]

M15. (a) any one from• the placenta provides or passes oxygen or food or gets rid of wasteaccept responses that refer to a baby rather than a foetus• the foetus needs oxygen or food or to remove waste‘the foetus needs blood from the placenta’ is insufficient

1 (L7)• as the foetus develops it needs more (food or oxygen from the placenta)‘it needs or provides more oxygen’ is insufficient as themeaning is ambiguousaccept, for two marks, ‘the placenta provides more oxygenor food or waste removal’accept, for two marks, ‘the foetus needs more oxygenor food or waste removed as it grows’a two mark answer must include one of the first twomarking points and a reference to the foetus needingmore food or oxygen from the placenta

1 (L7)(b) any one from• the number or mass of red blood cells increasesaccept ‘they need (to make) more red blood cells’‘the mass of blood increases’ is insufficient• iron is needed for the formation of red blood cellsaccept ‘for haemoglobin’‘the number of blood cells increases’ is insufficient‘for red blood cells’ is insufficient

1 (L7)(c) placentaamniotic fluidboth answers are required for the mark‘umbilical cord’ is insufficientanswers may be in either order

1 (L7)(d) (i) • windpipe lungs mother’s red blood cellsaward a mark for ‘windpipe’ and ‘lungs’in the first places in the correct order• placentaumbilical cordaccept ‘umbilical’ or ‘cord’ blood of foetusaccept ‘umbilical cord’ and ‘blood of foetus’ in either orderaward a mark for ‘placenta’, ‘umbilical cord’ and ‘blood



of foetus’ in the last three places in an appropriate orderall five answers are required for two marks

2 (L7)(ii) any one from• less oxygen passes through the placenta• less oxygen in the foetus’ bloodaccept ‘the foetus’ heart beat rises’or ‘the foetus’ blood pressure goes up’• smaller or brain damaged foetusaccept ‘less oxygen in the mother’s blood’accept ‘less oxygen for the foetus’do not accept ‘no oxygen’• baby may be prematureaccept responses that refer to a baby rather than a foetusaccept ‘the red blood cells of the foetus will contain carbon monoxide’do not accept ‘only carbon monoxide passes through the placenta’‘it passes to the foetus’ blood’ is insufficient‘it poisons the foetus’ is insufficient

1 (L7)[7]

M16. (a) (i) • sperm

1 (L3)(ii) • testisaccept ‘testes’

1 (L4)(b) (i) • ovum or egg

1 (L3)(ii) • ovaryaccept ‘ovaries’

1 (L4)(c) fertilisation

1 (L3)(d) (i) • foetus

1 (L4)(ii) • uterus

1 (L3)[7]

M17. (a) any one from• the placenta provides or passes oxygen or food or gets rid of wasteaccept responses that refer to a baby rather than a foetus• the foetus needs oxygen or food or to remove waste‘the foetus needs blood from the placenta’ is insufficient

1 (L7)• as the foetus develops it needs more (food or oxygen from the placenta)‘it needs or provides more oxygen’ is insufficient as themeaning is ambiguousaccept, for two marks, ‘the placenta provides more oxygenor food or waste removal’

accept, for two marks, ‘the foetus needs more oxygenor food or waste removed as it grows’a two mark answer must include one of the first twomarking points and a reference to the foetus needingmore food or oxygen from the placenta

1 (L7)(b) any one from• the number or mass of red blood cells increasesaccept ‘they need (to make) more red blood cells’‘the mass of blood increases’ is insufficient• iron is needed for the formation of red blood cellsaccept ‘for haemoglobin’‘the number of blood cells increases’ is insufficient‘for red blood cells’ is insufficient

1 (L7)(c) placentaamniotic fluidboth answers are required for the mark‘umbilical cord’ is insufficientanswers may be in either order

1 (L7)(d) (i) • windpipe lungs mother’s red blood cellsaward a mark for ‘windpipe’ and ‘lungs’in the first places in the correct order• placentaumbilical cordaccept ‘umbilical’ or ‘cord’ blood of foetusaccept ‘umbilical cord’ and ‘blood of foetus’ in either orderaward a mark for ‘placenta’, ‘umbilical cord’ and ‘bloodof foetus’ in the last three places in an appropriate orderall five answers are required for two marks

2 (L7)(ii) any one from• less oxygen passes through the placenta• less oxygen in the foetus’ bloodaccept ‘the foetus’ heart beat rises’or ‘the foetus’ blood pressure goes up’• smaller or brain damaged foetusaccept ‘less oxygen in the mother’s blood’accept ‘less oxygen for the foetus’do not accept ‘no oxygen’• baby may be prematureaccept responses that refer to a baby rather than a foetusaccept ‘the red blood cells of the foetus will contain carbon monoxide’do not accept ‘only carbon monoxide passes



through the placenta’‘it passes to the foetus’ blood’ is insufficient‘it poisons the foetus’ is insufficient

1 (L7)[7]

M18. (a) • 9

1 (L5)(b) (i) any one from• it protects the baby• it helps to maintain a constant temperature• it allows the baby to moveaccept ‘it keeps it safe’accept ‘it keeps the baby warm’accept ‘it absorbs shocks’accept ‘it protects against infection or disease’

1 (L6)(ii) • muscles contractaccept ‘contractions’‘the uterus or it contracts’ is insufficient

1 (L6)(c) any one from• (through the) placenta• (through the) umbilical cord• (from the) mother’s bloodignore references to food‘through the blood’ is insufficient‘it gets everything from the mother’ is insufficientdo not accept ‘the mother breathes for the child’

1 (L5)(d) • alveolus‘air sac’ is insufficient

1 (L6)[5]

M19. (a) (i) any one from• menstruation• the lining of the uterus is shedaccept ‘the period’accept ‘the lining of the uterus breaks up’accept ‘the wall of the uterus breaks down’do not accept ‘the uterus is shed’‘the wall of the uterus breaks’ is insufficientboth the answer and the correct explanationare required for the mark

1 (L7)(ii) a day from day 14 to day 18accept ‘in the middle’do not accept ‘around day 14’ any one from• it is just after ovulation or day of ovulation• that is when an egg is likely to be in the oviductor fallopian tube

• that is just after an egg is released• an egg is released on day 14accept ‘that is when an egg is released’‘it is in the middle of the cycle’ is insufficient

1 (L7)(iii) any one from• so that a fertilised egg can be implanted• to receive an egg

1 (L7)(b) (i) • a line which continues to rise or remains horizontal after day 28accept a line rising or remaining horizontal after day 1

1 (L7)(ii) any one from• menstruation stopsaccept ‘the embryo or foetus or baby needs a blood supply’‘provides support’ is insufficient • so the ovum or embryo will implantaccept ‘the lining is not shed’

1 (L7)[5]

M20.(a)

two lines from any box will not gain a mark

3(b) any one from:• brightly coloured (petals) / large petals• smell or perfume• nectar

1(c) pollen tube grows down style / into ovule

1pollen nuclei fuse with / fertilise

1egg cell nucleus (to form embryo)

1and endosperm nuclei (to form seed)

1[8]

Mark Scheme





Documents

· Web viewKS3 Bio 7B Reproduction 116marks 4Teachers. Q1. The drawing shows a baby inside its mother’s uterus. Some substances pass from the mother’s blood to the baby’s