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Online Appendix
List of Figures
Table A.1: Population in million for selected years...................................................................4
Table A.2: Land Area in square kilometers for selected years.................................................5
Table A.3: Land area in square kilometers for selected years. Leader-Laggard......................6
Table A.4: Gross domestic product based on purchasing-power-parity (PPP) valuation of country GDP in billion USD for selected years.........................................................................7
Table A.5: Gross domestic product based on purchasing-power-parity (PPP), valuation of country GDP in billion USD for selected years. Leader-Laggard..............................................8
Table A.6: Gross national income based on purchasing-power-parity (PPP) in current USD for selected years....................................................................................................................10
Table A.7: Gross national income based on purchasing-power-parity (PPP), in current USD for selected years. Leader-Laggard........................................................................................11
Table A.8: Estimated net import and export of petroleum in 1000bpd....................................12
Table A.9: Estimated net import and export of petroleum in 1000bpd. Leader-Laggard........13
Table A.10: Total coal exports in thousand barrels for selected years...................................14
Table A.11: Total Coal Exports in thousand barrels for selected years. Leader-Laggard......15
Table A.12: Total Coal Imports in thousand barrels for selected years..................................16
Table A.13: Total Coal Imports in thousand barrels for selected years. Leader-Laggard......17
Table A.14: Nuclear power electricity generation in billion KWh............................................18
Table A.15: Nuclear power electricity generation in billion KWh. Leader-Laggard.................19
Table A.16: Solar electricity net generation in billion KWh.....................................................20
Table A.17: Solar electricity net generation in billion KWh. Leader-Laggard..........................21
Table A.18: Wind electricity net generation in billion KWh.....................................................22
Table A.19: Wind electricity net generation in billion KWh. Leader-Laggard..........................23
Table A.20: Hydroelectricity net generation in billion KWh.....................................................24
Table A.21: Hydroelectricity net generation in billion KWh. Leader-Laggard.........................25
Table A.22: Geothermal electricity net generation in billion KWh...........................................26
Table A.23: Geothermal Electricity Net Generation in billion KWh. Leader-Laggard.............27
Table A.24: Biomass and waste electricity net generation in billion KWh..............................28
Table A.25: Biomass and waste electricity net generation in billion KWh. Leader-Laggard...29
Table A.26: Proven energy reserves (combined)...................................................................30
Table A.27: Proven energy reserves (combined and LL-standardised).................................31
Table A.28: Crude oil proved reserves in billion barrels.........................................................32
Table A.29: Crude oil proved reserves in billion barrels. Leader-Laggard..............................33
Table A.30: Natural gas proved reserves in trillion cubic feet.................................................34
Table A.31: Natural Gas Proved Reserves in trillion cubic feet. Leader-Laggard..................35
Table A.32: Coal proved reserves in million barrels...............................................................36
Table A.33: Coal proved reserves in million barrels. Leader-Laggard....................................37
1
Table A.34: Combined critical minerals..................................................................................38
Table A.35: Combination of combined production numbers of strategic minerals and metals with respective market concentration......................................................................................39
Table A.36: Combined production of critical minerals, Leader-Laggard.................................40
Table A.37: Production of antimony in Asian-Pacific countries, Leader-Laggard...................41
Table A.38: Production of chromium in Asian-Pacific countries, Leader-Laggard..................42
Table A.39: Production of cobalt in Asian-Pacific countries, Leader-Laggard........................43
Table A.40: Production of copper in Asian-Pacific countries, Leader-Laggard......................44
Table A.41: Production of gallium in Asian-Pacific countries, Leader-Laggard......................45
Table A.42: Production of germanium in Asian-Pacific countries, Leader-Laggard...............46
Table A.43: Production of indium in Asian-Pacific countries, Leader-Laggard.......................47
Table A.44: Production of lithium in Asian-Pacific countries, Leader-Laggard.......................48
Table A.45: Production of manganese in Asian-Pacific countries, Leader-Laggard...............49
Table A.46: Production of molybdenum in Asian-Pacific countries, Leader-Laggard.............50
Table A.47: Production of nickel in Asian-Pacific countries, Leader-Laggard........................51
Table A.48: Production of platinum in Asian-Pacific countries, Leader-Laggard....................52
Table A.49: Production of rare earth elements in Asian-Pacific countries, Leader-Laggard. .53
Table A.50: Production of silica in Asian-Pacific countries, Leader-Laggard.........................54
Table A.51: Production of rhenium in Asian-Pacific countries, Leader-Laggard....................55
Table A.52: Production of silver in Asian-Pacific countries, Leader-Laggard.........................56
Table A.53: Production of tantalum in Asian-Pacific countries, Leader-Laggard....................57
Table A.54: Production of titanium in Asian-Pacific countries, Leader-Laggard.....................58
Table A.55: Production of tungsten in Asian-Pacific countries, Leader-Laggard....................59
Table A.56: Production of vanadium in Asian-Pacific countries, Leader-Laggard..................60
Table A.57: Value added industrial output in billion (constant 2005) USD of countries in Asia- Pacific (in billion constant 2005 USD).....................................................................................61
Table A.58: Value added industrial output in billion (constant 2005) USD of countries in Asia-Pacific (in billion constant 2005 USD), Leader-Laggard.........................................................62
Table A.59: Net import and export of wheat in barrels for selected years..............................63
Table A.60: Net import and export of wheat in barrels for selected years. Leader-Laggard.. 64
Table A.61: Net import and export of rice in barrels for selected years..................................65
Table A.62: Net import and export of rice in barrel. Leader-Laggard.....................................66
Table A.63: Net import and export of sugar in barrel..............................................................67
Table A.64: Net import and export of sugar in barrel. Leader-Laggard..................................68
Table A.65: Net import and export of maize in barrel.............................................................69
Table A.66: Net import and export of maize in barrel. Leader-Laggard..................................70
Table A.67: Net import and export of soybeans in barrel.......................................................71
Table A.68: Net import and export of soybeans in barrel. Leader-Laggard............................72
Table A.69: Net import and export of vegetable oil in barrel...................................................74
Table A.70: Net import and export of vegetable oil in barrel. Leader-Laggard.......................74
2
Table A.71: Net import and export of meat in total barrel.......................................................75
Table A.72: Net import and export of meat in total barrel. Leader-Laggard...........................76
Table A.73: Net import and export of milk in total barrels. .....................................................77
Table A.74: Net import and export of milk in total barrel. Leader-Laggard.............................78
Table A.75: Net import and export of fish, crustaceans, molluscs and other aquatic invertebrates in barrel.............................................................................................................79
Table A.76: Net import and export of fish, crustaceans, molluscs and other aquatic invertebrates in barrels. Leader-Laggard................................................................................80
Table A.77: Net import and export of fruits, excluding wine in barrel. ...................................81
Table A.78: Net import and export of fruits, excluding wine in barrel. Leader-Laggard..........82
Table A.79: Trade and finance combined for selected years.................................................83
Table A.80: Trade and finance combined for selected years. Leader-Laggard......................84
Table A.81: Total trade volume, trade in goods and services including imports and exports.85
Table A.82: Total trade volume, trade in goods and services including imports and exports. Leader-Laggard......................................................................................................................86
Table A.83: Balance of payments for selected years.............................................................87
Table A.84: Balance of payments for selected years. Leader-Laggard..................................88
Table A.85: Combined conventional military capabilities........................................................89
Table A.86: Combined conventional military capabilities. Leader-Laggard............................90
Table A.87: Military expenditures in thousand USD (constant 2011). ...................................92
Table A.88: Military expenditures in thousand USD (constant 2011). Leader-Laggard..........93
Table A.89: Military expenditures share of GDP for selected years (per cent). .....................95
Table A.90: Military expenditures share of GDP for selected years. Leader-Laggard............96
Table A.91: Military personnel and active national forces......................................................97
Table A.92: Military personnel and active national forces. Leader-Laggard...........................98
Table A.93: Military troops abroad..........................................................................................99
Table A.94: Military troops abroad in thousand. Leader-Laggard.........................................100
Table A.95: Nuclear military capabilities...............................................................................101
Table A.96: Cluster Analysis of CIAP I (1:2:2)......................................................................103
Table A.97: Cluster Analysis of CIAP II (1:2:3; ‘Cline Scenario’)..........................................105
Table A.98: Cluster Analysis of CIAP III (1:1:1)....................................................................107
Table A.99: Cluster Analysis of CIAP IV (1:3:2)...................................................................109
Table A.100: Relative Political Extraction (RPE)..................................................................110
Table A.101: Relative Political Reach (RPR)........................................................................111
Table A.102: Relative Political Allocation (PLA)...................................................................112
3
Countries/Year 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012Australia 1,501 1,505 1,534 1,594 1,679
Bangladesh 9,650 10,157 10,700 11,112 11,452
Bhutan 0,045 0,042 0,046 0,051 0,054Brunei Darussalam 0,022 0,024 0,026 0,028 0,030
Cambodia 0,834 0,926 0,992 1,042 1,100China 100 100 100 100 100
Hong Kong 0,497 0,527 0,526 0,524 0,529Macao 0,031 0,033 0,034 0,039 0,042
DR Korea 1,788 1,807 1,815 1,829 1,833Fiji 0,064 0,063 0,063 0,064 0,065
French Polynesia 0,017 0,017 0,018 0,019 0,020
India 77,577 80,520 84,09
1 87,951 91,559
Indonesia 15,872 16,263 16,79
4 17,525 18,276
Japan 10,663 10,250 9,953 9,694 9,443
Kiribati 0,005 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,007Laos 0,385 0,414 0,432 0,456 0,491
Malaysia 1,648 1,772 1,906 2,034 2,164Maldives 0,019 0,020 0,021 0,023 0,024
Marshall Islands 0,003 0,003 0,003 0,003 0,003Federated States of
Micronesia 0,008 0,008 0,008 0,007 0,007
Mongolia 0,192 0,189 0,190 0,196 0,206Myanmar 3,727 3,793 3,847 3,856 3,908
Nauru 0 0 0 0 0Nepal 1,634 1,759 1,882 1,968 2,033
New Caledonia 0,015 0,015 0,016 0,018 0,019New Zealand 0,302 0,307 0,308 0,320 0,328
Northern Mariana Islands 0,003 0,004 0,005 0,004 0,003
Pakistan 10,067 10,860 11,69
0 12,438 13,264
Palau 0,001 0,001 0,001 0,001 0,001Papua New Guinea 0,374 0,407 0,441 0,485 0,530
Philippines 5,578 5,916 6,322 6,743 7,159Republic of Korea 3,747 3,735 3,719 3,687 3,701
Russian Federation 12,763 11,975 11,34
7 10,782 10,626
Samoa 0,013 0,013 0,013 0,013 0,013Singapore 0,276 0,308 0,325 0,347 0,393
Solomon Islands 0,027 0,030 0,033 0,037 0,040Sri Lanka 1,495 1,509 1,477 1,520 1,504Thailand 4,949 4,894 4,982 5,013 4,944
Timor-Leste 0,068 0,069 0,070 0,079 0,089Tonga 0,007 0,007 0,007 0,007 0,007Tuvalu 0 0 0 0 0
United States 22,018 22,165 22,46
3 22,857 23,240
Vanuatu 0,013 0,013 0,014 0,016 0,018Vietnam 5,875 6,040 6,211 6,390 6,572
TABLE A.1: POPULATION IN MILLION FOR SELECTED YEARS1
1 Own compilation and illustration based on data taken from World Bank (2014a), United States Census Bureau (2013) and FAO (2015b).
4
Countries/Year 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012
Australia 7.682.300 7.682.300 7.682.300
7.682.300 7.682.300
Bangladesh 130.170 130.170 130.170 130.170 130.170Bhutan 46.723 39.800 40.077 38.394 38.117
Brunei Darussalam 5.270 5.270 5.270 5.270 5.270Cambodia 176.520 176.520 176.520 176.520 176.520
China 9.388.250 9.388.230 9.327.487
9.327.489 9.388.211
Hong Kong 990 1.050 1.042 1.042 1.050Macao 20 20 28 28 30
DR Korea 120.410 120.410 120.410 120.410 120.410Fiji 18.270 18.270 18.270 18.270 18.270
French Polynesia 3.660 3.660 3.660 3.660 3.660
India 2.973.190 2.973.190 2.973.190
2.973.190 2.973.190
Indonesia 1.811.570 1.811.570 1.811.570
1.811.570 1.811.570
Japan 364.600 364.500 364.500 364.500 364.560Kiribati 810 810 810 810 810Laos 230.800 230.800 230.800 230.800 230.800
Malaysia 328.550 328.550 328.550 328.550 328.550Maldives 300 300 300 300 300
Marshall Islands 180 180 180 180 180Federated States of
Micronesia 700 700 700 700 700
Mongolia 1.553.560 1.553.560 1.553.560
1.553.560 1.553.560
Myanmar 653.540 653.540 653.540 653.520 653.290Nauru 20 20 20 20 20Nepal 143.000 143.000 143.350 143.350 143.350
New Caledonia 18.280 18.280 18.280 18.280 18.280New Zealand 263.310 263.310 263.310 263.310 263.310
Northern Mariana Islands 460 460 460 460 460Pakistan 770.880 770.880 770.880 770.880 770.880
Palau 460 460 460 460 460Papua New Guinea 452.860 452.860 452.860 452.860 452.860
Philippines 298.170 298.170 298.170 298.170 298.170Republic of Korea 96.460 96.460 96.790 96.920 97.350
Russian Federation 16389950 16.378.650
16380940
16377740 16.376.870
Samoa 2.830 2.830 2.830 2.830 2.830Singapore 670 670 675 695 700
Solomon Islands 27.990 27.990 27.990 27.990 27.990Sri Lanka 62.710 62.710 62.710 62.710 62.710Thailand 510.890 510.890 510.890 510.890 510.890
Timor-Leste 14.870 14.870 14.870 14.870 14.870Tonga 720 720 720 720 720Tuvalu 30 30 30 30 30
United States 9.158.960 9.158.960 9.161.920
9.161.920 9.147.420
Vanuatu 12.190 12.190 12.190 12.190 12.190Vietnam 325.490 325.490 310.550 310.070 310.070
TABLE A.2: LAND AREA IN SQUARE KILOMETERS FOR SELECTED YEARS2
2 Own compilation and illustration based on data taken from World Bank (2014a).5
Countries/Year 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012Australia 46,872 46,904 46,898 46,907 46,909
Bangladesh 0,794 0,795 0,795 0,795 0,795Bhutan 0,285 0,243 0,245 0,234 0,233
Brunei Darussalam 0,032 0,032 0,032 0,032 0,032Cambodia 1,077 1,078 1,077 1,078 1,078
China 57,280 57,320 56,941 56,952 57,326Hong Kong 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006
Macao 0 0 0 0 0DR Korea 0,735 0,735 0,735 0,735 0,735
Fiji 0,111 0,111 0,111 0,111 0,111French Polynesia 0,022 0,022 0,022 0,022 0,022
India 18,140 18,153 18,150 18,154 18,155Indonesia 11,053 11,060 11,059 11,061 11,062
Japan 2,224 2,225 2,225 2,225 2,226Kiribati 0,005 0,005 0,005 0,005 0,005Laos 1,408 1,409 1,409 1,409 1,409
Malaysia 2,004 2,006 2,006 2,006 2,006Maldives 0,002 0,002 0,002 0,002 0,002
Marshall Islands 0,001 0,001 0,001 0,001 0,001Federated States of
Micronesia 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004
Mongolia 9,479 9,485 9,484 9,486 9,486Myanmar 3,987 3,990 3,990 3,990 3,989
Nauru 0 0 0 0 0Nepal 0,872 0,873 0,875 0,875 0,875
New Caledonia 0,111 0,111 0,111 0,111 0,111New Zealand 1,606 1,608 1,607 1,608 1,608
Northern Mariana Islands 0,003 0,003 0,003 0,003 0,003Pakistan 4,703 4,706 4,706 4,707 4,707
Palau 0,003 0,003 0,003 0,003 0,003Papua New Guinea 2,763 2,765 2,764 2,765 2,765
Philippines 1,819 1,820 1,820 1,820 1,821Republic of Korea 0,588 0,589 0,591 0,592 0,594
Russian Federation 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000
Samoa 0,017 0,017 0,017 0,017 0,017Singapore 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004
Solomon Islands 0,171 0,171 0,171 0,171 0,171Sri Lanka 0,382 0,383 0,383 0,383 0,383Thailand 3,117 3,119 3,119 3,119 3,119
Timor-Leste 0,091 0,091 0,091 0,091 0,091Tonga 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004Tuvalu 0 0 0 0 0
United States 55,882 55,920 55,930 55,941 55,856Vanuatu 0,074 0,074 0,074 0,074 0,074Vietnam 1,986 1,987 1,896 1,893 1,893
TABLE A.3: LAND AREA IN SQUARE KILOMETERS FOR SELECTED YEARS. LEADER-LAGGARD3
3 Own compilation, standardization and illustration based on data taken from World Bank (2014a) and IMF (2014a).
6
Countries/Year 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012
Australia 331809,000 446552,000 584884,000 786615,000 961350,000
Bangladesh 68717,000 95963,000 134330,000 208061,000 302803,000Bhutan4 0,7700 1078,000 1649,000 2751,000 4454,000
Brunei Darussalam 10527,000 12751,000 15620,000 19435,000 21635,000Cambodia 5833,000 8602,000 13802,000 26021,000 36537,000
China 1204353 2288400 3704903 7301148 12255872
Hong Kong 118384,000 164740,000 190819,000 299348,000 365476,000
Macao NA5 NA NA NA NADR Korea NA NA NA NA NA
Fiji 1847,000 2365,000 2941,000 3687,000 4261,000French Polynesia NA NA NA NA NA
India 858563 1276563 1815599 3196280 4785509
Indonesia 334374,000 524462,000 564422,000 837119,000 1204001,000
Japan 2619375 3109215 3408395,000 4276971,000 4558698,000
Kiribati6 0,323 0,382 0,462 0,578 0,669Laos7 3403,000 5270,000 7416,000 12009,000 18917,000
Malaysia 110932,000 190842,000 235290,000 372291,000 494687,000
Maldives 0,520 0,842 1241,000 2185,000 2930,000Marshall Islands NA 0,2920 0,3450 0,417 0,476
Federated States of Micronesia NA 0,499 0,607 0,663 0,739
Mongolia 3498,000 4322,000 5468,000 9232,000 15044,000Myanmar8 NA NA 34442,000 73593,000 103526,000
Nauru NA NA NA NA NANepal 11349,000 16176,000 21264,000 29431,000 40026,000
New Caledonia NA NA NA NA NANew Zealand 49115,000 67142,000 85780,000 116856,000 131448,000
Northern Mariana Islands NA NA NA NA NA
Pakistan 167664,000 224963,000 288601,000 433394,000 546691,000
Palau NA NA 0,309 0,392 0,410Papua New Guinea 5956,000 7948,000 9180,000 11874,000 18677,000
Philippines 121866,000 167368,000 208014,000 309852,000 419572,000
Republic of Korea 413129,000 652303,000 899004,000 1282873,00
0 1597621,000
Russian Federation 1170302,000 966402,000 1283432,000 2107407,00
0 2486231,000
Samoa 0,407 0,560 0,737 1008,000 1129,000
Singapore 65927,000 112555,000 143034,000 243133,000 330061,000
Solomon Islands9 0,719 0,991 0,834 1350,000 1859,000Sri Lanka 29962,000 43737,000 54493,000 84849,000 124842,000
Thailand 203104,000 302244,000 346785,000 520023,000 645172,000
Timor-Leste10 NA NA 2822,000 12523,000 23411,000Tonga 0,417 0,475 0,588 0,684 0,826Tuvalu NA NA 0,0290 0,0330 0,0390
United States 6539275 8608475 10980200 14480350 16244575Vanuatu 0,470 0,619 0,664 0,970 1,205Vietnam 52973,000 89228,000 131626,000 235180,000 336214,000
4 IMF Estimate.5 NA = No available data.6 2012: IMF Estimate.7 2012: IMF Estimate.8 2012: IMF Estimate.9 2012: IMF Estimate.10 2012: IMF Estimate.
7
TABLE A.4: GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT BASED ON PURCHASING-POWER-PARITY (PPP) VALUATION OF COUNTRY GDP IN BILLION USD FOR SELECTED YEARS.11
11 Own compilation and illustration based on data taken from IMF (2015a).8
Countries/Year 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012Australia 5,074 5,187 5,327 5,432 5,918
Bangladesh 1,051 1,115 1,223 1,437 1,864Bhutan12 0 0,013 0,015 0,019 0,027
Brunei Darussalam 0,161 0,148 0,142 0,134 0,133Cambodia 0,089 0,100 0,126 0,180 0,225
China 18,417 26,583 33,742 50,421 75,446Hong Kong 1,810 1,914 1,738 2,067 2,250
Macao 0 0 0 0 0DR Korea 0 0 0 0 0
Fiji 0,028 0,027 0,027 0,025 0,026French Polynesia 0 0 0 0 0
India 13,129 14,829 16,535 22,073 29,459Indonesia 5,113 6,092 5,140 5,781 7,412
Japan 40,056 36,118 31,041 29,536 28,063Kiribati13 0 0 0 0 0Laos14 0,052 0,061 0,068 0,083 0,116
Malaysia 1,696 2,217 2,143 2,571 3,045Maldives 0 0 0,011 0,015 0,018
Marshall Islands 0 0 0 0 0Federated States of
Micronesia 0 0 0 0 0
Mongolia 0,053 0,050 0,050 0,064 0,093Myanmar15 0 0 0,314 0,508 0,637
Nauru 0 0 0 0 0Nepal 0,174 0,188 0,194 0,203 0,246
New Caledonia 0 0 0 0 0New Zealand 0,751 0,780 0,781 0,807 0,809
Northern Mariana Islands 0 0 0 0 0Pakistan 2,564 2,613 2,628 2,993 3,365
Palau 0 0 0 0 0Papua New Guinea 0,091 0,092 0,084 0,082 0,115
Philippines 1,864 1,944 1,894 2,140 2,583Republic of Korea 6,318 7,577 8,188 8,859 9,835
Russian Federation 17,897 11,226 11,689 14,554 15,305Samoa 0 0 0 0,007 0,007
Singapore 1,008 1,307 1,303 1,679 2,032Solomon Islands16 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,009 0,011
Sri Lanka 0,458 0,508 0,496 0,586 0,769Thailand 3,106 3,511 3,158 3,591 3,972
Timor-Leste17 0 0 0,026 0,086 0,144Tonga 0 0 0 0 0Tuvalu 0 0 0 0 0
United States 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000
Vanuatu 0 0 0 0 0Vietnam 0,810 1,037 1,199 1,624 2,070
TABLE A.5: GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT BASED ON PURCHASING-POWER-PARITY (PPP), VALUATION OF COUNTRY GDP IN BILLION USD FOR SELECTED YEARS. LEADER-LAGGARD.18
12 IMF Estimate.13 2012: IMF Estimate.14 2012: IMF Estimate.15 2012: IMF Estimate.16 2012: IMF Estimate.17 2012: IMF Estimate.18 Own compilation, standardization and illustration based on data taken from IMF (2015a).
9
Countries/Year 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012
Australia 307.830.928.847,001
410.153.276.556,267
549.762.497.486,195
725.300.651.557,935
966.628.977.147,286
Bangladesh 87.251.900.332,404
122.418.022.605,841
173.586.674.491,566
274.523.986.210,551
408.255.768.191,072
Bhutan 792.242.648,548
1.150.616.844,557
1.978.565.251,167
3.490.273.875,215
5.322.217.500,184
Brunei Darussalam 14.528.625.572,857
17.598.134.282,130
21.558.136.820,044
26.918.478.242,314 NA
Cambodia NA 9.785.900.661,309
15.189.277.485,071
28.780.726.290,748
40.045.819.777,181
China 1.444.601.605.417,310
2.712.158.185.088,300
4.393.889.386.634,760
8.834.349.219.992,660
14.727.121.288.922,700
Hong Kong 114.239.598.442,740
164.061.328.783,906
192.306.692.247,853
309.334.592.763,061
373.900.030.622,640
Macao 11.579.795.901,964
13.981.845.578,816
15.967.558.678,660
37.057.758.322,031 NA
DR Korea NA NA NA NA NA
Fiji 3.022.152.420,108
3.825.013.515,466
4.876.265.304,599
5.854.347.427,220
6.460.036.639,884
French Polynesia NA NA NA NA NA
India 1.131.826.492.198,170
1.694.206.703.786,600
2.414.014.685.916,320
4.226.797.424.142,140
6.281.219.447.354,820
Indonesia 537.738.240.916,272
928.024.418.797,324
912.665.738.426,074
1.483.488.842.151,920
2.159.944.297.183,360
Japan 2.641.363.411.508,000
3.151.134.452.977,100
3.527.675.230.503,540
4.408.388.509.704,060
4.687.620.649.510,680
Kiribati 108.479.099,561
150.366.323,847
199.599.586,126
231.198.826,823
268.199.931,805
Laos 5.189.804.758,911
7.843.458.811,998
11.151.469.536,945
18.051.475.676,004
27.710.140.385,865
Malaysia 142.975.943.941,600
245.856.488.441,521
299.822.015.659,235
479.973.069.595,684
626.536.180.535,693
Maldives NA NA 1.481.235.681,474
2.371.776.460,242
3.288.729.256,029
Marshall Islands NA 142.262.887,085
175.001.572,697
214.863.579,868
226.606.418,729
Federated States of Micronesia NA 261.127.786,4
28292.631.567,47
6336.592.233,50
8379.602.565,58
6
Mongolia 5.221.993.252,799
6.518.556.214,640
8.304.598.671,906
14.153.687.385,647
22.024.726.845,426
Myanmar NA NA NA NA NANauru NA NA NA NA NA
Nepal 17.192.327.204,121
24.396.530.242,496
31.754.471.407,097
44.242.077.256,720
60.134.407.755,164
New Caledonia NA NA NA NA NA
New Zealand 49.121.199.091,764
67.010.051.459,427
86.428.700.426,870
112.914.913.893,453
144.613.196.945,622
Northern Mariana Islands NA NA NA NA NA
Pakistan 257.487.722.398,004
327.958.764.424,127
422.311.517.803,236
659.622.560.760,259
835.833.728.887,531
Palau 162.778.201,701
218.727.056,620
208.342.767,583
254.738.688,866
274.182.030,503
Papua New Guinea 5.196.247.263,380
7.402.613.552,698
7.603.518.753,998
11.129.250.067,443
16.670.469.386,681
Philippines 171.518.305.364,014
246.225.503.787,218
288.032.815.348,071
433.714.347.390,945
596.445.244.014,360
Republic of Korea 419.073.770.845,940
655.448.566.231,734
936.636.428.432,463
1.269.970.755.401,010
1.509.019.404.994,180
Russian Federation 1.010.166.387.669,820
825.469.563.236,178
1.144.425.550.264,660
2.321.279.723.689,650
3.272.880.638.528,870
Samoa 494.859.250,573
456.988.232,521
625.784.496,817
782.120.670,375
897.766.905,360
Singapore 80.542.466.581,481
140.049.404.137,737
169.661.768.163,253
280.856.689.521,963
381.959.323.003,211
Solomon Islands 294.731.792,7 579.229.790,9 493.879.905,61 743.058.726,52 761.778.803,14
10
25 22 8 4 0
Sri Lanka 42.385.473.862,147
61.062.139.238,275
78.543.033.681,043
123.133.016.754,165
179.711.427.477,767
Thailand 283.007.098.325,125
419.501.581.111,474
477.120.699.890,415
716.958.384.312,923
886.436.389.751,347
Timor-Leste NA NA 1.468.939.956,660
4.468.443.958,644
8.385.454.397,376
Tonga 251.106.260,613
317.041.537,796
405.956.586,678
465.236.056,636
563.438.953,681
Tuvalu NA NA 56.234.975,080 53.020.487,504 50.875.504,987
United States 6.459.500.000.000,000
8.620.300.000.000,000
11.098.900.000.000,000
14.586.600.000.000,000
16.514.500.000.000,000
Vanuatu 238.695.319,296
314.809.428,683
373.454.839,722
551.718.891,594
690.861.775,316
Vietnam 75.430.236.889,662
129.136.631.198,587
188.568.228.877,996
301.664.071.626,539
424.172.770.753,986
TABLE A.6: GROSS NATIONAL INCOME BASED ON PURCHASING-POWER-PARITY (PPP) IN CURRENT USD FOR SELECTED YEARS19
19 Own compilation and illustration based on data taken from World Bank (2014b).11
Countries/Year 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012Australia 4,764 4,756 4,953 4,972 5,853
Bangladesh 1,349 1,418 1,564 1,882 2,472Bhutan 0,011 0,012 0,017 0,024 0,032
Brunei Darussalam 0,223 0,203 0,194 0,184 0,000Cambodia 0,000 0,112 0,136 0,197 0,242
China 22,363 31,461 39,58
8 60,565 89,177
Hong Kong 1,767 1,902 1,732 2,120 2,264Macao 0,178 0,161 0,143 0,254 0
DR Korea 0 0 0 0 0Fiji 0,045 0,043 0,043 0,040 0,039
French Polynesia 0 0 0 0 0
India 17,521 19,652 21,75
0 28,977 38,034
Indonesia 8,323 10,764 8,223 10,170 13,079
Japan 40,890 36,554 31,78
4 30,222 28,385
Kiribati 0 0 0,001 0,001 0,001Laos 0,079 0,089 0,100 0,123 0,167
Malaysia 2,212 2,850 2,701 3,290 3,794Maldives 0 0 0,013 0,016 0,020
Marshall Islands 0 0 0,001 0,001 0,001Federated States of
Micronesia 0 0,001 0,002 0,002 0,002
Mongolia 0,079 0,074 0,074 0,097 0,133Myanmar 0 0 0 0 0
Nauru 0 0 0 0 0Nepal 0,264 0,281 0,286 0,303 0,364
New Caledonia 0 0 0 0New Zealand 0,759 0,776 0,778 0,774 0,875
Northern Mariana Islands 0 0 0 0 0Pakistan 3,985 3,803 3,804 4,522 5,061
Palau 0,001 0,001 0,001 0,001 0,001Papua New Guinea 0,079 0,084 0,068 0,076 0,101
Philippines 2,654 2,855 2,595 2,973 3,611Republic of Korea 6,486 7,602 8,439 8,706 9,137
Russian Federation 15,637 9,574 10,31
1 15,913 19,818
Samoa 0,006 0,004 0,005 0,005 0,005Singapore 1,245 1,623 1,528 1,925 2,313
Solomon Islands 0,003 0,005 0,004 0,005 0,004Sri Lanka 0,655 0,707 0,707 0,844 1,088Thailand 4,380 4,865 4,298 4,915 5,367
Timor-Leste 0 0 0,013 0,030 0,050Tonga 0,002 0,002 0,003 0,003 0,003Tuvalu 0 0 0 0 0
United States 100 100 100 100 100Vanuatu 0,002 0,002 0,003 0,003 0,004Vietnam 1,166 1,496 1,698 2,068 2,568
TABLE A.7: GROSS NATIONAL INCOME BASED ON PURCHASING-POWER-PARITY (PPP), IN CURRENT USD FOR SELECTED YEARS. LEADER-LAGGARD.20
20 Own compilation, standardization and illustration based on data taken from ibid.12
Countries/Year 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012Australia -111,252 -153,316 -138,178 -388,994 -607,008
Bangladesh -36,316 -54,025 -75,948 -84,033 -108,187Bhutan -0,644 -0,914 -1,088 -1,549 -1,744
Brunei Darussalam 170,370 162,748 177,937 160,837 126,133Cambodia -3,200 -13,295 -21,941 -33,202 -43,330
China 190,341 -631,715 -1625,853 -3578,043 -5904,380Hong Kong -152,076 -185,127 -272,635 -327,526 -289,473
Macao NA NA NA NA NADR Korea -73,105 -40,153 -24,384 -16,547 -14,886
Fiji NA NA NA NA NAFrench Polynesia NA NA NA NA NA
India -672,848 -985,875 -1447,574 -1948,110 -2631,573Indonesia 869,984 665,277 214,382 -185,408 -409,745
Japan -5396,342 -5600,927 -5198,584 -4904,600 -4579,291
Kiribati NA NA NA NA NALaos -2,018 -2,576 -2,852 -3,134 -3,457
Malaysia 365,000 296,041 332,170 159,659 44,661Maldives NA NA NA NA NA
Marshall Islands NA NA NA NA NAFederated States of
Micronesia NA NA NA NA NA
Mongolia NA NA NA NA NAMyanmar -1,429 -15,755 -18,919 -17,818 -6,535
Nauru NA NA NA NA NANepal NA NA NA NA NA
New Caledonia NA NA NA NA NANew Zealand -51,414 -60,817 -99,727 -108,406 -102,858
Northern Mariana Islands NA NA NA NA NAPakistan -163,536 -273,476 -287,964 -313,573 -372,358
Palau NA NA NA NA NAPapua New Guinea NA NA NA NA NA
Philippines -252,346 -366,927 -327,321 -288,889 -277,037
Republic of Korea -1550,589 -2255,694 -2127,240 -2210,476 -2239,992
Russian Federation 3395,558 3538,608 5022,482 7181,002 7201,493Samoa NA NA NA NA NA
Singapore -424,331 -624,449 -689,749 -877,980 -1359,833Solomon Islands NA NA NA NA NA
Sri Lanka -36,896 -60,626 -76,934 -87,873 -92,421Thailand -408,919 -648,393 -556,849 -567,915 -543,728
Timor-Leste NA NA NA NA NATonga NA NA NA NA NATuvalu NA NA NA NA NA
United States -7264,690 -9159,363 -
10762,871 -12211,057 -7385,708
Vanuatu NA NA NA NA NAVietnam 45,248 62,489 146,692 56,447 -24,341
TABLE A.8: ESTIMATED NET IMPORT AND EXPORT OF PETROLEUM IN 1000BPD21
21 Own compilation and illustration based on data taken from US Energy Information Administration (2015a).13
Countries/Year 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012Australia 67,104 70,925 67,307 60,963 46,470
Bangladesh 67,807 71,707 67,702 62,536 49,890Bhutan 68,141 72,125 68,176 62,961 50,619
Brunei Darussalam 69,746 73,414 69,310 63,799 51,496Cambodia 68,117 72,028 68,044 62,798 50,334
China 69,933 67,158 57,883 44,518 10,155Hong Kong 66,721 70,675 66,456 61,280 48,647
Macao 0 0 0 0 0DR Korea 67,462 71,816 68,028 62,884 50,529
Fiji 0 0 0 0 0French Polynesia 0 0 0 0 0
India 61,836 64,368 59,012 52,923 32,591Indonesia 76,308 77,372 69,541 62,013 47,822
Japan 17,526 28,024 35,250 37,678 19,239Kiribati 0 0 0 0 0Laos 68,129 72,112 68,165 62,953 50,608
Malaysia 71,571 74,464 70,287 63,793 50,938Maldives 0 0 0 0 0
Marshall Islands 0 0 0 0 0Federated States of
Micronesia 0 0 0 0 0
Mongolia 0 0 0 0 0Myanmar 68,134 72,008 68,063 62,877 50,587
Nauru 0 0 0 0 0Nepal 0 0 0 0 0
New Caledonia 0 0 0 0 0New Zealand 67,665 71,654 67,551 62,410 49,926
Northern Mariana Islands 0 0 0 0 0Pakistan 66,613 69,979 66,358 61,352 48,079
Palau 0 0 0 0 0Papua New Guinea 0 0 0 0 0
Philippines 65,780 69,243 66,109 61,480 48,732Republic of Korea 53,602 54,368 54,707 51,570 35,276
Russian Federation 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000
Samoa 0 0 0 0 0Singapore 64,167 67,215 63,813 58,442 41,309
Solomon Islands 0 0 0 0 0Sri Lanka 67,801 71,655 67,695 62,516 49,998Thailand 64,312 67,026 64,655 60,041 46,904
Timor-Leste 0 0 0 0 0Tonga 0 0 0 0 0Tuvalu 0 0 0 0 0
United States 0 0 0 0 0Vanuatu 0 0 0 0 0Vietnam 68,572 72,625 69,112 63,260 50,465
TABLE A.9: ESTIMATED NET IMPORT AND EXPORT OF PETROLEUM IN 1000BPD. LEADER-LAGGARD22
22 Own compilation, standardization and illustration based on data taken from ibid.14
Countries/Year 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012
Australia 139956,064 173977,802 225389,60
4 269393,873 332363,410
Bangladesh 0 0 0 0 0Bhutan 61,729 34,172 27,558 83,077 60,627
Brunei Darussalam 0 0 0 0 0Cambodia 0 0 0 0 0
China 27756,200 50609,319 107437,879 75409,120 15184,339
Hong Kong 0,617 1,952 3,085 0 0Macao 0 0 0 0 0
DR Korea 496,040 407,855 613,987 4122,644 13239,862Fiji 0 0 0 0 0
French Polynesia 0 0 0 0 0India 139,994 600,760 1675,513 1900,385 2307,138
Indonesia 18148,344 45996,519 80447,785 214823,949 421755,349Japan 3365,357 2957,501 3562,670 1527,804 1630,319Kiribati 0 0 0 0 0Laos 0 0 252,760 639,341 451,066
Malaysia 99,208 17,637 58,423 102,925 472,892Maldives 0 0 0 0 0
Marshall Islands NA NA NA NA NAFederated States of
Micronesia NA NA NA NA NA
Mongolia 97,003 3,307 0 3592,433 24320,296Myanmar 0 0 0 0 0
Nauru 0 0 0 0 0Nepal 0 0 0 0 0
New Caledonia 0 0 0 0 0New Zealand 848,780 1371,275 2129,666 2220,055 2436,108
Northern Mariana Islands NA NA NA NA NAPakistan 0 0 0 0 0
Palau NA NA NA NA NAPapua New Guinea 0 0 0 0 0
Philippines 0 0 0 880,747 3497,634Republic of Korea 2,205 0 0 0 0
Russian Federation 48056,366 28477,112 52377,427 112230,729 150720,135Samoa 0 0,000 0,000 0 0
Singapore 3,748 10,189 0,044 0 0Solomon Islands 0 0 0 0 0
Sri Lanka 0 0 0 0 0Thailand 0 0 0 0 0
Timor-Leste NA NA NA 0 0Tonga 0 0 0 0 0Tuvalu NA NA NA NA NA
United States 103158,199 84810,832 40393,075 60606,914 126719,953
Vanuatu 0 0 0 0 0Vietnam 1728,424 3807,383 6667,881 35353,330 21167,685
TABLE A.10: TOTAL COAL EXPORTS IN THOUSAND BARRELS FOR SELECTED YEARS.23
23 Own compilation and illustration based on data taken from ibid.15
Countries/Year 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012Australia 100 100 100 100 78,805
Bangladesh 0 0 0 0 0Bhutan 0,044 0,020 0,012 0,031 0,014
Brunei Darussalam 0 0 0 0 0Cambodia 0 0 0 0 0
China 19,832 29,090 47,668 27,992 3,600Hong Kong 0 0,001 0,001 0 0
Macao 0 0 0 0 0DR Korea 0,354 0,234 0,272 1,530 3,139
Fiji 0 0 0 0 0French Polynesia 0 0 0 0 0
India 0,100 0,345 0,743 0,705 0,547Indonesia 12,967 26,438 35,693 79,743 100
Japan 2,405 1,700 1,581 0,567 0,387Kiribati 0 0 0 0 0Laos 0 0 0,112 0,237 0,107
Malaysia 0,071 0,010 0,026 0,038 0,112Maldives 0 0 0 0 0
Marshall Islands 0 0 0 0 0Federated States of Micronesia 0 0 0 0 0
Mongolia 0,069 0,002 0 1,334 5,766Myanmar 0 0 0 0 0
Nauru 0 0 0 0 0Nepal 0 0 0 0 0
New Caledonia 0 0 0 0 0New Zealand 0,606 0,788 0,945 0,824 0,578
Northern Mariana Islands 0 0 0 0 0Pakistan 0 0 0 0 0
Palau 0 0 0 0 0Papua New Guinea 0 0 0 0 0
Philippines 0 0 0 0,327 0,829Republic of Korea 0,002 0 0 0 0
Russian Federation 34,337 16,368 23,239 41,660 35,736Samoa 0 0 0 0 0
Singapore 0,003 0,006 0 0 0Solomon Islands 0 0 0 0 0
Sri Lanka 0 0 0 0 0Thailand 0 0 0 0 0
Timor-Leste 0 0 0 0 0Tonga 0 0 0 0 0Tuvalu 0 0 0 0 0
United States 73,708 48,748 17,921 22,498 30,046Vanuatu 0 0 0 0 0Vietnam 1,235 2,188 2,958 13,123 5,019
TABLE A.11: TOTAL COAL EXPORTS IN THOUSAND BARRELS FOR SELECTED YEARS. LEADER-LAGGARD.24
24 Own compilation, standardization and illustration based on data taken from ibid.
16
Countries/Year 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012Australia 0 0 0 48,502 40,786
Bangladesh 186,291 712,093 805,790 1269,863 1102,311Bhutan 20,944 52,911 0 0 0
Brunei Darussalam 0 0 0 0 0Cambodia 0 0 0 0 62,832
China 1355,843 2216,748 12408,719 56235,516 318465,468
Hong Kong 11261,814 6296,889 9609,840 13515,922 13614,355Macao 2,205 1,102 1,054 1,469 0
DR Korea 3086,472 469,585 229,281 231,485 1420,879Fiji 22,046 24,251 17,968 0 0
French Polynesia 0 0 0 0 0India 7431,783 20629,757 28114,451 59571,110 97181,974
Indonesia 566,588 424,610 22,046 74,957 46,297
Japan 119554,485 147058,256 181881,37
4 208983,904 203469,040
Kiribati 0 0 0 0 0Laos 0 0 0 0 0
Malaysia 2483,507 2394,220 6018,620 14731,289 24251,952Maldives 0 0 0 0 0
Marshall Islands NA NA NA NA NAFederated States of
Micronesia NA NA NA NA NA
Mongolia 126,766 110,231 0 1,102 0Myanmar 11,023 1,102 0 0 0
Nauru 0 0 0 0 0Nepal 111,333 131,175 238,099 346,126 529,109
New Caledonia 187,393 124,561 304,238 268,964 330,693New Zealand 9,921 8,818 98,106 804,687 1,102
Northern Mariana Islands NA NA NA NA NAPakistan 1085,777 1058,219 1739,447 6599,538 3605,660
Palau NA NA NA NA NAPapua New Guinea 1,102 1,102 0,000 0,000 0,000
Philippines 1382,298 4883,239 7736,021 8681,804 13567,248
Republic of Korea 33189,493 55786,876 75852,249 94082,275 135702,245
Russian Federation 43787,114 23009,647 23006,340 26323,195 34768,003Samoa 0 0 0 0 0
Singapore 69,005 11,012 11,626 13,228 0Solomon Islands 0 0 0 0 0
Sri Lanka 1,874 3,307 29,762 74,957 1060,424Thailand 632,262 3721,690 6168,512 15328,742 18625,755
Timor-Leste NA NA NA 0 0Tonga 0 0 0 0 0Tuvalu NA NA NA NA NA
United States 5900,767 10625,776 20117,177 38806,432 10293,998Vanuatu 0 0 0 0 0Vietnam 16,535 24,251 0 870,826 1584,021
TABLE A.12: TOTAL COAL IMPORTS IN THOUSAND BARRELS FOR SELECTED YEARS.25
25 Own compilation and illustration based on data taken from ibid.
17
Countries/Year 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012Australia 0 0 0 0,023 0,013
Bangladesh 0,156 0,484 0,443 0,608 0,346Bhutan 0,018 0,036 0 0 0
Brunei Darussalam 0 0 0 0 0Cambodia 0 0 0 0 0,020
China 1,134 1,507 6,822 26,909 100Hong Kong 9,420 4,282 5,284 6,467 4,275
Macao 0,002 0,001 0,001 0,001 0,000DR Korea 2,582 0,319 0,126 0,111 0,446
Fiji 0,018 0,016 0,010 0 0French Polynesia 0 0 0 0 00
India 6,216 14,028 15,458 28,505 30,516
Indonesia 0,474 0,289 0,012 0,036 0,015Japan 100 100 100 100 63,890Kiribati 0 0 0 0 0Laos 0 0 0 0 0
Malaysia 2,077 1,628 3,309 7,049 7,615Maldives 0 0 0 0 0
Marshall Islands 0 0 0 0 0Federated States of
Micronesia 0 0 0 0 0
Mongolia 0,106 0,075 0 0,001 0Myanmar 0,009 0,001 0 0 0
Nauru 0 0 0 0 0Nepal 0,093 0,089 0,131 0,166 0,166
New Caledonia 0,157 0,085 0,167 0,129 0,104New Zealand 0,008 0,006 0,054 0,385 0
Northern Mariana Islands 0 0 0 0 0Pakistan 0,908 0,720 0,956 3,158 1,132
Palau 0 0 0 0 0Papua New Guinea 0,001 0,001 0 0 0
Philippines 1,156 3,321 4,253 4,154 4,260
Republic of Korea 27,761 37,935 41,70
4 45,019 42,611
Russian Federation 36,625 15,647 12,64
9 12,596 10,917
Samoa 0 0 0 0 0Singapore 0,058 0,007 0,006 0,006 0
Solomon Islands 0 0 0 0 0Sri Lanka 0,002 0,002 0,016 0,036 0,333Thailand 0,529 2,531 3,392 7,335 5,849
Timor-Leste 0 0 0 0 0Tonga 0 0 0 0 0Tuvalu 0 0 0 0 0
United States 4,936 7,226 11,061 18,569 3,232
Vanuatu 0 0 0 0 0
TABLE A.13: TOTAL COAL IMPORTS IN THOUSAND BARRELS FOR SELECTED YEARS. LEADER-LAGGARD.26
26 Own compilation, standardization and illustration based on data taken from ibid.18
Countries/Year 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012Australia 0 0 0 0 0
Bangladesh 0 0 0 0 0Bhutan 0 0 0 0 0
Brunei Darussalam 0 0 0 0 0Cambodia 0 0 0 0 0
China 0,5 11,35 25,166 62,6 98,2Hong Kong 0 0 0 0 0
Macao 0 0 0 0 0DR Korea NA NA NA NA NA
Fiji 0 0 0 0 0French Polynesia 0 0 0 0 0
India 6,012 10,45 17,76 15,913 29,7Indonesia 0 0 0 0 0
Japan 212,096 306,218 280,339 250,64 17,1Kiribati 0 0 0 0 0Laos 0 0 0 0 0
Malaysia 0 0 0 0 0Maldives 0 0 0 0 0
Marshall Islands 0 0 0 0 0Federated States of Micronesia 0 0 0 0 0
Mongolia 0 0 0 0 0Myanmar 0 0 0 0 0
Nauru 0 0 0 0 0Nepal 0 0 0 0 0
New Caledonia 0 0 0 0 0New Zealand 0 0 0 0 0
Northern Mariana Islands 0 0 0 0 0Pakistan 0,523 0,37 1,8 2,310 5,3
Palau 0 0 0 0 0Papua New Guinea 0 0 0 0 0
Philippines 0 0 0 0 0Republic of Korea 53,703 73,231 113,148 135,79 143,5
Russian Federation 119,6 108,3 141,7 160,1 178,2Samoa 0 0 0 0 0
Singapore 0 0 0 0 0Solomon Islands 0 0 0 0 0
Sri Lanka 0 0 0 0 0Thailand 0 0 0 0 0
Timor-Leste 0 0 0 0 0Tonga 0 0 0 0 0Tuvalu 0 0 0 0 0
United States 619 629 780 806 769Vanuatu 0 0 0 0 0Vietnam 0 0 0 0 0
TABLE A.14: NUCLEAR POWER ELECTRICITY GENERATION IN BILLION KWH.27
27 Own compilation and illustration based on data taken from US Energy Information Administration (2015a) and BP (2015).
19
Countries/Year 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012Australia 0 0 0 0 0
Bangladesh 0 0 0 0 0Bhutan 0 0 0 0 0
Brunei Darussalam 0 0 0 0 0Cambodia 0 0 0 0 0
China 0,081 1,805 3,226 7,763 12,764Hong Kong 0 0 0 0 0
Macao 0 0 0 0 0DR Korea 0 0 0 0 0
Fiji 0 0 0 0 0French Polynesia 0 0 0 0 0
India 0,972 1,662 2,277 1,973 3,860Indonesia 0 0 0 0 0
Japan 34,277 48,711 35,93
8 31,080 2,223
Kiribati 0 0 0 0 0Laos 0 0 0 0 0
Malaysia 0 0 0 0 0Maldives 0 0 0 0 0
Marshall Islands 0 0 0 0 0Federated States of
Micronesia 0 0 0 0 0
Mongolia 0 0 0 0 0Myanmar 0 0 0 0 0
Nauru 0 0 0 0 0Nepal 0 0 0 0 0
New Caledonia 0 0 0 0 0New Zealand 0 0 0 0 0
Northern Mariana Islands 0 0 0 0 0Pakistan 0,085 0,059 0,231 0,286 0,689
Palau 0 0 0 0 0Papua New Guinea 0 0 0 0 0
Philippines 0 0 0 0 0
Republic of Korea 8,679 11,649 14,505 16,839 18,653
Russian Federation 19,328 17,228 18,16
5 19,853 23,163
Samoa 0 0 0 0 0Singapore 0 0 0 0 0
Solomon Islands 0 0 0 0 0Sri Lanka 0 0 0 0 0Thailand 0 0 0 0 0
Timor-Leste 0 0 0 0 0Tonga 0 0 0 0 0Tuvalu 0 0 0 0 0
United States 100 100 100 100 100Vanuatu 0 0 0 0 0Vietnam 0 0 0 0 0
TABLE A.15: NUCLEAR POWER ELECTRICITY GENERATION IN BILLION KWH. LEADER-LAGGARD.28
28 Own compilation, standardization and illustration based on data taken from US Energy Information Administration (2015a) and BP (2015).
20
Countries/Year 1992 1997 2002 2007 201229
Australia 0,010 0,023 0,050 0,109 0,977Bangladesh 0 0 0,002 0,020 0,062
Bhutan 0 0 0 0 0Brunei Darussalam 0 0 0 0 0
Cambodia 0 0 0,001 0,002 0China 0,003 0,011 0,040 0,105 3,000
Hong Kong 0 0 0 0 0Macao 0 0 0 0 0
DR Korea 0 0 0 0 0Fiji 0 0 0 0 0
French Polynesia 0 0 0 0 0India 0 0,006 0,014 0,019 1,000
Indonesia 0 0 0 0 0Japan 0,020 0,096 0,669 2,015 4,186Kiribati 0 0 0 0 0Laos 0 0 0 0 0
Malaysia 0 0 0 0 0Maldives 0 0 0 0 0
Marshall Islands NA NA NA NA NAFederated States of
Micronesia NA NA NA NA NA
Mongolia 0 0 0 0 0Myanmar 0 0 0 0 0
Nauru 0 0 0 0 0Nepal 0 0 0 0 0
New Caledonia 0 0 0 0 0New Zealand 0 0 0 0 0
Northern Mariana Islands NA NA NA NA NAPakistan 0 0 0 0 0
Palau NA NA NA NA NAPapua New Guinea 0 0 0 0 0
Philippines 0 0 0 0,001 0,001Republic of Korea 0,002 0,003 0,007 0,070 1,568
Russian Federation 0 0 0 0 NASamoa 0 0 0 0 0
Singapore 0 0 0 0 0Solomon Islands 0 0 0 0 0
Sri Lanka 0 0 0,010 0,016 0,017Thailand 0 0 0 0,001 0,030
Timor-Leste NA NA NA 0 0Tonga 0 0 0 0 0Tuvalu NA NA NA NA NA
United States 0,400 0,511 0,555 0,612 4,327Vanuatu 0 0 0 0 0Vietnam 0 0 0 0 0
TABLE A.16: SOLAR ELECTRICITY NET GENERATION IN BILLION KWH.30
29 2011 figures only, except for Australia, Japan, New Zealand, ROK and United States.30 Own compilation and illustration based on data taken from US Energy Information Administration (2015a).
21
Countries/Year 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012Australia 2,602 4,499 7,474 5,409 22,579
Bangladesh 0 0,004 0,299 0,993 1,428Bhutan 0 0 0 0 0
Brunei Darussalam 0 0 0 0 0Cambodia 0 0 0,149 0,099 0,005
China 0,751 2,152 5,979 5,211 69,332Hong Kong 0 0 0 0 0
Macao 0 0 0 0 0DR Korea 0 0 0 0 0
Fiji 0 0,004 0,015 0,005 0,002French Polynesia 0 0 0 0 0
India 0 1,174 2,093 0,943 23,111Indonesia 0 0 0 0 0,005
Japan 5,005 18,780 100,000 100,000 96,741Kiribati 0 0 0 0 0Laos 0 0 0 0 0
Malaysia 0 0 0 0 0Maldives 0 0 0 0,001 0,005
Marshall Islands 0 0 0 0 0Federated States of Micronesia 0 0 0 0 0
Mongolia 0 0 0 0,020 0,009Myanmar 0 0 0 0 0
Nauru 0 0 0 0 0Nepal 0 0 0 0 0
New Caledonia 0 0 0 0 0New Zealand 0 0 0 0 0
Northern Mariana Islands 0 0 0 0 0Pakistan 0 0 0 0 0
Palau 0 0 0 0 0Papua New Guinea 0 0 0 0 0
Philippines 0 0 0 0,050 0,023Republic of Korea 0,500 0,587 1,046 3,474 36,238
Russian Federation 0 0 0 0 0,000Samoa 0 0 0 0,010 0,005
Singapore 0 0 0 0 0Solomon Islands 0 0 0 0 0
Sri Lanka 0 0 1,495 0,794 0,393Thailand 0 0 0 0,050 0,693
Timor-Leste 0 0 0 0 0Tonga 0 0 0 0 0Tuvalu 0 0 0 0 0
United States 100,000 100,000 82,934 30,362 100,000Vanuatu 0 0 0 0 0Vietnam 0 0 0 0 0
TABLE A.17: SOLAR ELECTRICITY NET GENERATION IN BILLION KWH. LEADER-LAGGARD.31
31 Own compilation, standardization and illustration based on data taken from US Energy Information Administration (2015a).
22
Countries/Year 1992 1997 2002 2007 201232
Australia 0 0,007 0,364 2,611 7,01Bangladesh 0 0 0 0,002 0,002
Bhutan 0 0 0 0 0Brunei Darussalam 0 0 0 0 0
Cambodia 0 0 0 0 0China 0,014 0,206 0,873 5,71 73,2
Hong Kong 0 0 0 0,001 0,001Macao 0 0 0 0 0
DR Korea 0 0 0 0 0Fiji 0 0 0 0,01 0,02
French Polynesia 0 0 0 0 0India 0,088 1,037 2,687 11,796 26
Indonesia 0 0 0 0,00002 0,004Japan 0 0,001 0,415 2,624 4,788Kiribati 0 0 0 0 0Laos 0 0 0 0 0
Malaysia 0 0 0 0 0Maldives 0 0 0 0 0
Marshall Islands NA NA NA NA NAFederated States of
Micronesia NA NA NA NA NA
Mongolia 0 0 0 0,00001 0,004Myanmar 0 0 0 0 0
Nauru 0 0 0 0 0Nepal 0 0 0 0 0
New Caledonia 0 0,005 0,008 0,04 0,03New Zealand 0,001 0,014 0,155 0,929 1,918
Northern Mariana Islands NA NA NA NA NAPakistan 0 0 0 0 0,018
Palau NA NA NA NA NAPapua New Guinea 0 0 0 0 0
Philippines 0 0 0 0,058 0,099Republic of Korea 0 0,001 0,015 0,376 1,66
Russian Federation 0 0 0,006 0,007 0,004Samoa 0 0 0 0 0
Singapore 0 0 0 0 0Solomon Islands 0 0 0 0 0
Sri Lanka 0 0 0,004 0,002 0,003Thailand 0 0 0,0003 0 0,001
Timor-Leste NA NA NA 0 0Tonga 0 0 0 0 0Tuvalu NA NA NA NA NA
United States 2,888 3,288 10,354 34,450 141Vanuatu 0 0 0 0 0Vietnam 0 0 0 0 0,05
TABLE A.18: WIND ELECTRICITY NET GENERATION IN BILLION KWH.33
32 2011 figures only, except for Australia, Japan, New Zealand, ROK and United States.33 Own compilation, standardization and illustration based on data taken from US Energy Information Administration (2015a).
23
Countries/Year 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012Australia 0 0,213 3,515 7,579 4,978
Bangladesh 0 0 0 0,006 0,001Bhutan 0 0 0 0 0
Brunei Darussalam 0 0 0 0 0Cambodia 0 0 0 0 0
China 0,485 6,265 8,431 16,575 51,981Hong Kong 0 0 0 0,003 0,001
Macao 0 0 0 0 0DR Korea 0 0 0 0 0
Fiji 0 0 0 0,029 0,014French Polynesia 0 0 0 0 0
India 3,048 31,539 25,951 34,241 18,463
Indonesia 0 0 0 5,806E-05 0,003Japan 0 0,030 4,008 7,617 3,400Kiribati 0 0 0 0 0Laos 0 0 0 0 0
Malaysia 0 0 0 0 0Maldives 0 0 0 0 0
Marshall Islands 0 0 0 0 0Federated States of
Micronesia 0 0 0 0 0
Mongolia 0 0 0 2,9028E-05 0,003
Myanmar 0 0 0 0 0Nauru 0 0 0 0 0Nepal 0 0 0 0 0
New Caledonia 0 0,152 0,077 0,116 0,021New Zealand 0,035 0,426 1,497 2,697 1,362
Northern Mariana Islands 0 0 0 0 0Pakistan 0 0 0 0 0,013
Palau 0 0 0 0 0Papua New Guinea 0 0 0 0 0
Philippines 0 0 0 0,168 0,070Republic of Korea 0 0,030 0,145 1,091 1,179
Russian Federation 0 0 0,058 0,020 0,003Samoa 0 0 0 0 0
Singapore 0 0 0 0 0Solomon Islands 0 0 0 0 0
Sri Lanka 0 0 0,039 0,006 0,002Thailand 0 0 0,003 0 0,001
Timor-Leste 0 0 0 0 0Tonga 0 0 0 0 0Tuvalu 0 0 0 0 0
United States 100 100 100 100 100Vanuatu 0 0 0 0 0Vietnam 0 0 0 0 0,036
TABLE A.19: WIND ELECTRICITY NET GENERATION IN BILLION KWH. LEADER-LAGGARD.34
34 Own compilation, standardization and illustration based on data taken from ibid.24
Countries/Year 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012Australia 15,194 16,733 15,718 14,396 13,886
Bangladesh 0,788 0,712 1,055 1,378 1,683Bhutan 1,604 1,82 2,178 6,494 6,745
Brunei Darussalam 0 0 0 0 0Cambodia 0,067 0,057 0,029 0,047 NA
China 130,185 192,624 285,094 480,411 856,35
Hong Kong 0 0 0 0 0Macao 0 0 0 0 0
DR Korea 14,058 10,593 10,514 13,147 NAFiji 0,386 0,43 0,45 0,508 0,525
French Polynesia 0,09 0,133 0,131 0,22 NAIndia 69,187 73,914 63,463 119,383 114,498
Indonesia 9,009 5,668 9,834 11,173 12,664Japan 81,72 88,901 81,554 73,269 76,946Kiribati 0 0 0 0 0Laos 0,858 1,164 3,212 3,336 11,14
Malaysia 4,316 3,831 5,248 6,423 8,062Maldives 0 0 0 0 0
Marshall Islands NA NA NA NA NAFederated States of
Micronesia NA NA NA NA NA
Mongolia 0 0 0 0 0Myanmar 1,503 1,669 2,21 3,583 NA
Nauru 0 0 0 0 0Nepal 0,83 1,051 2,098 2,755 NA
New Caledonia 0,342 0,355 0,317 0,386 NANew Zealand 20,425 23,592 24,667 23,403 22,564
Northern Mariana Islands NA NA NA NA NAPakistan 20,901 21,839 22,127 28,42 28,147
Palau NA NA NA NA NAPapua New Guinea 0,455 0,703 0,921 0,854 NA
Philippines 4,209 5,972 6,963 8,478 10,741Republic of Korea 3,066 2,785 3,201 3,595 3,633
Russian Federation 170,125 155,018 160,595 175,278 160,7
Samoa 0,025 0,033 0,062 0,052 NASingapore 0 0 0 0 0
Solomon Islands 0 0 0 0 0Sri Lanka 2,871 3,413 2,666 3,908 3,256Thailand 4,197 7,128 7,396 8,033 8,609
Timor-Leste NA NA NA 0 0Tonga 0 0 0 0 0Tuvalu NA NA NA NA NA
United States 253,088 356,453 264,329 247,510 276,24
Vanuatu 0 0 0 0 0Vietnam 7,156 11,54 18,016 22,292 52,267
TABLE A.20: HYDROELECTRICITY NET GENERATION IN BILLION KWH.35
35 Own compilation and illustration based on data taken from ibid.25
Countries/Year 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012Australia 6,003 4,694 5,513 2,997 1,622
Bangladesh 0,311 0,200 0,370 0,287 0,197Bhutan 0,634 0,511 0,764 1,352 0,788
Brunei Darussalam 0 0 0 0 0Cambodia 0,026 0,016 0,010 0,010 0
China 51,439 54,039 100,000 100,000 100,000Hong Kong 0 0 0 0 0
Macao 0 0 0 0 0DR Korea 5,555 2,972 3,688 2,737 0
Fiji 0,153 0,121 0,158 0,106 0,061French Polynesia 0,036 0,037 0,046 0,046 0
India 27,337 20,736 22,260 24,850 13,370Indonesia 3,560 1,590 3,449 2,326 1,479
Japan 32,289 24,940 28,606 15,251 8,985Kiribati 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000Laos 0,339 0,327 1,127 0,694 1,301
Malaysia 1,705 1,075 1,841 1,337 0,941Maldives 0 0 0 0 0
Marshall Islands 0 0 0 0 0Federated States of
Micronesia 0 0 0 0 0
Mongolia 0 0 0 0 0Myanmar 0,594 0,468 0,775 0,746 0
Nauru 0 0 0 0 0Nepal 0,328 0,295 0,736 0,573 0
New Caledonia 0,135 0,100 0,111 0,080 0New Zealand 8,070 6,619 8,652 4,871 2,635
Northern Mariana Islands 0 0 0 0 0Pakistan 8,258 6,127 7,761 5,916 3,287
Palau 0 0 0 0 0Papua New Guinea 0,180 0,197 0,323 0,178 0
Philippines 1,663 1,675 2,442 1,765 1,254Republic of Korea 1,211 0,781 1,123 0,748 0,424
Russian Federation 67,220 43,489 56,331 36,485 18,766Samoa 0,010 0,009 0,022 0,011 0
Singapore 0 0 0 0 0Solomon Islands 0 0 0 0 0
Sri Lanka 1,134 0,957 0,935 0,813 0,380Thailand 1,658 2,000 2,594 1,672 1,005
Timor-Leste 0 0 0 0 0Tonga 0 0 0 0 0Tuvalu 0 0 0 0 0
United States 100,000 100,000 92,716 51,520 32,258
Vanuatu 0 0 0 0 0Vietnam 2,827 3,237 6,319 4,640 6,103
TABLE A.21: HYDROELECTRICITY NET GENERATION IN BILLION KWH. LEADER-LAGGARD.36
36 Own compilation, standardization and illustration based on data taken from ibid.26
Countries/Year 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012Australia 0 0 0 0 0,009
Bangladesh 0 0 0 0 0Bhutan 0 0 0 0 0
Brunei Darussalam 0 0 0 0 0Cambodia 0 0 0 0 0
China 0 0 0 0,116 0,162Hong Kong 0 0 0 0 0
Macao 0 0 0 0 0DR Korea 0 0 0 0 0
Fiji 0 0 0 0 0French Polynesia 0 0 0 0 0
India 0 0 0 0 0Indonesia 1,084 2,605 6,238 7,021 10,557
Japan 1,787 3,756 3,374 3,043 2,918Kiribati 0 0 0 0 0Laos 0 0 0 0 0
Malaysia 0 0 0 0 0Maldives 0 0 0 0 0
Marshall Islands NA NA NA NA NAFederated States of
Micronesia NA NA NA NA NA
Mongolia 0 0 0 0 0Myanmar 0 0 0 0 0
Nauru 0 0 0 0 0Nepal 0 0 0 0 0
New Caledonia 0 0 0 0 0New Zealand 2,259 2,257 2,814 3,555 6,015
Northern Mariana Islands NA NA NA NA NAPakistan 0 0 0 0 0
Palau NA NA NA NA NAPapua New Guinea 0 0 0 0,4 0,4
Philippines 5,7 7,237 10,242 10,215 9,934
Republic of Korea 0 0 0 0 0Russian Federation 0,029 0,029 0,156 0,485 0,505
Samoa 0 0 0 0 0Singapore 0 0 0 0 0
Solomon Islands 0 0 0 0 0Sri Lanka 0 0 0 0 0Thailand 0,001 0,002 0,002 0,002 0,002
Timor-Leste NA NA NA 0 0Tonga 0 0 0 0 0Tuvalu NA NA NA NA NA
United States 16,138 14,726 14,49
1 14,637 15,562
Vanuatu 0 0 0 0 0Vietnam 0 0 0 0 0
TABLE A.22: GEOTHERMAL ELECTRICITY NET GENERATION IN BILLION KWH.37
37 Own compilation and illustration based on data taken from ibid.27
Countries/Year 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012Australia 0 0 0 0 0,0557
Bangladesh 0 0 0 0 0Bhutan 0 0 0 0 0
Brunei Darussalam 0 0 0 0 0Cambodia 0 0 0 0 0
China 0 0 0 0,793 1,041Hong Kong 0 0 0 0 0
Macao 0 0 0 0 0DR Korea 0 0 0 0 0
Fiji 0 0 0 0 0French Polynesia 0 0 0 0 0
India 0 0 0 0 0
Indonesia 6,717 17,690 43,046 47,967 67,836
Japan 11,073 25,506 23,28
3 20,789 18,748
Kiribati 0 0 0 0 0Laos 0 0 0 0 0
Malaysia 0 0 0 0 0Maldives 0 0 0 0 0
Marshall Islands 0 0 0 0 0Federated States of
Micronesia 0 0 0 0 0
Mongolia 0 0 0 0 0Myanmar 0 0 0 0 0
Nauru 0 0 0 0 0Nepal 0 0 0 0 0
New Caledonia 0 0 0 0 0
New Zealand 13,998 15,327 19,41
9 24,287 38,653
Northern Mariana Islands 0 0 0 0 0Pakistan 0 0 0 0 0
Palau 0 0 0 0 0Papua New Guinea 0 0 0 2,733 2,570
Philippines 35,320 49,144 70,67
7 69,788 63,835
Republic of Korea 0 0 0 0 0Russian Federation 0,180 0,197 1,077 3,313 3,245
Samoa 0 0 0 0 0Singapore 0 0 0 0 0
Solomon Islands 0 0 0 0 0Sri Lanka 0 0 0 0 0Thailand 0,006 0,014 0,014 0,014 0,013
Timor-Leste 0 0 0 0 0Tonga 0 0 0 0 0Tuvalu 0 0 0 0 0
United States 100 100 100 100 100Vanuatu 0 0 0 0 0Vietnam 0 0 0 0 0
TABLE A.23: GEOTHERMAL ELECTRICITY NET GENERATION IN BILLION KWH. LEADER-LAGGARD.38
38 Own compilation, standardization and illustration based on data taken from ibid.28
Countries/Year 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012Australia 0,670 0,970 1,580 3,950 3,267
Bangladesh 0 0 0 0 0,002Bhutan 0 0 0 0 0
Brunei Darussalam 0 0 0 0 0Cambodia 0 0 0 0,016 0,020
China 0 2,606 2,430 2,387 43,556Hong Kong 0 0 0 0 0
Macao 0 0 0 0 0DR Korea 0 0 0 0 0
Fiji 0,020 0,020 0,020 0,020 0,020French Polynesia 0 0 0 0 0
India 0 0 1,840 1,976 4,125Indonesia 0 0,005 0,011 0,036 NA
Japan 11,095 14,676 16,54
0 22,998 23,146
Kiribati 0 0 0 0 0Laos 0 0 0 0 0
Malaysia 0 0 0 0 NAMaldives 0 0 0 0 0
Marshall Islands NA NA NA NA NAFederated States of
Micronesia NA NA NA NA NA
Mongolia 0 0 0 0 0Myanmar 0 0 0 0 0
Nauru 0 0 0 0 0Nepal 0 0 0 0 0
New Caledonia 0 0 0 0 0New Zealand 0,526 0,483 0,389 0,565 0,606
Northern Mariana Islands NA NA NA NA NAPakistan 0 0 0 0 0
Palau NA NA NA NA NAPapua New Guinea 0 0 0 0 0
Philippines NA NA NA NA 0Republic of Korea 0 0,079 0,231 0,573 1,510
Russian Federation 1,852 1,532 2,801 1,997 2,800Samoa 0 0 0 0 0
Singapore 0,490 0,490 0,946 0,974 1,174Solomon Islands 0 0 0 0 0
Sri Lanka 0 0 0 0,001 0,001Thailand 0 0,343 0,686 1,782 3,172
Timor-Leste NA Na NA 0 0Tonga 0 0 0 0 0Tuvalu NA NA NA NA NA
United States 58,065 62,270 67,23
6 67,770 71,409
Vanuatu 0 0 0 0 0Vietnam 0 0 0 0,079 0,055
TABLE A.24: BIOMASS AND WASTE ELECTRICITY NET GENERATION IN BILLION KWH.39
39 Own compilation and illustration based on data taken from ibid.29
Countries/Year 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012Australia 1,154 1,558 2,350 5,829 4,575
Bangladesh 0 0 0 0 0,003Bhutan 0 0 0 0 0
Brunei Darussalam 0 0 0 0 0Cambodia 0 0 0 0,024 0,028
China 0 4,185 3,614 3,522 60,994Hong Kong 0 0 0 0 0
Macao 0 0 0 0 0DR Korea 0 0 0 0 0
Fiji 0,034 0,032 0,030 0,030 0,028French Polynesia 0 0 0 0 0
India 0 0 2,737 2,916 5,776Indonesia 0 0,008 0,016 0,053 0
Japan 19,108 23,569 24,600 33,936 32,413Kiribati 0 0 0 0 0Laos 0 0 0 0 0
Malaysia 0 0 0 0 0Maldives 0 0 0 0 0
Marshall Islands 0 0 0 0 0Federated States of
Micronesia 0 0 0 0 0
Mongolia 0 0 0 0 0Myanmar 0 0 0 0 0
Nauru 0 0 0 0 0Nepal 0 0 0 0 0
New Caledonia 0 0 0 0 0New Zealand 0,906 0,776 0,579 0,834 0,849
Northern Mariana Islands 0 0 0 0 0Pakistan 0 0 0 0 0
Palau 0 0 0 0 0Papua New Guinea 0 0 0 0 0
Philippines 0 0 0 0 0Republic of Korea 0 0,127 0,344 0,846 2,115
Russian Federation 3,190 2,460 4,166 2,947 3,921Samoa 0 0 0 0 0
Singapore 0,844 0,787 1,407 1,437 1,644Solomon Islands 0 0 0 0 0
Sri Lanka 0 0 0 0,001 0,001Thailand 0 0,551 1,020 2,629 4,442
Timor-Leste 0 0 0 0 0Tonga 0 0 0 0 0Tuvalu 0 0 0 0 0
United States 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000
Vanuatu 0 0 0 0 0Vietnam 0 0 0 0,117 0,077
TABLE A.25: BIOMASS AND WASTE ELECTRICITY NET GENERATION IN BILLION KWH. LEADER-LAGGARD.40
40 Own compilation, standardization and illustration based on data taken from ibid.30
Countries/Year 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012
Australia 13,987 14,434 16,19
8 12,249 12,076
Bangladesh 0,828 0,357 0,414 0,207 0,238Bhutan 0 0 0,000 0 0,000
Brunei Darussalam 1,162 1,360 1,364 0,910 0,816Cambodia 0 0 0 0 0
China 31,498 33,607 33,26
7 24,967 26,933
Hong Kong 0 0 0 0 0Macao 0 0 0 0 0
DR Korea 0,083 0,083 0,080 0,081 0,084Fiji 0 0 0 0 0
French Polynesia 0 0 0 0 0
India 13,172 13,410 15,29
9 16,136 11,825
Indonesia 10,425 10,082 7,077 5,591 6,309
Japan 0,183 0,181 0,188 0,118 0,087Kiribati 0 0 0 0 0Laos 0,070 0,070 0,067 0,068 0,071
Malaysia 3,661 5,211 4,435 3,643 3,911Maldives 0 0 0 0 0
Marshall Islands 0 0 0 0 0Federated States of
Micronesia 0 0 0 0 0
Mongolia 0,349 0,349 0,336 0,341 0,354Myanmar 0,318 0,373 0,351 0,333 0,306
Nauru 0 0 0 0 0Nepal 0 0 0 0 0
New Caledonia 0 0 0 0 0New Zealand 0,225 0,183 0,204 0,128 0,145
Northern Mariana Islands 0 0 0 0 0Pakistan 1,107 1,133 1,301 1,408 1,162
Palau 0 0 0 0 0Papua New Guinea 0,367 0,235 0,551 0,484 0,227
Philippines 0,070 0,308 0,281 0,211 0,197Republic of Korea 0,028 0,025 0,010 0,061 0,120
Russian Federation 88,423 88,423 87,60
2 87,886 88,722
Samoa 0 0 0 0 0Singapore 0 0 0 0 0
Solomon Islands 0 0 0 0 0Sri Lanka 0 0 0 0 0Thailand 0,765 0,609 0,937 0,768 0,647
Timor-Leste 0 0 0 0 0Tonga 0 0 0 0 0Tuvalu 0 0 0 0 0
United States 53,427 53,790 54,54
8 49,073 53,064
Vanuatu 0 0 0 0 0Vietnam 0,327 0,586 0,647 0,494 2,412
TABLE A.26: PROVEN ENERGY RESERVES (COMBINED)41
41 Own compilation, calculation and illustration based on data taken from BP (2015), US Energy Administration (2015a) and World Energy Council (2015).
31
Countries/Year 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012
Australia 15,819 16,324 18,49
1 13,938 13,611
Bangladesh 0,936 0,404 0,473 0,236 0,268Bhutan 0 0 0 0 0
Brunei Darussalam 1,315 1,538 1,557 1,036 0,920Cambodia 0 0 0 0 0
China 35,622 38,008 37,97
5 28,408 30,356
Hong Kong 0 0 0 0 0Macao 0 0 0 0 0
DR Korea 0,094 0,094 0,091 0,092 0,095Fiji 0 0 0 0 0,0
French Polynesia 0 0 0 0 0
India 14,897 15,166 17,46
4 18,360 13,328
Indonesia 11,789 11,402 8,079 6,361 7,111
Japan 0,207 0,204 0,215 0,134 0,098Kiribati 0 0 0 0 0Laos 0,079 0,079 0,077 0,077 0,080
Malaysia 4,141 5,894 5,062 4,145 4,408Maldives 0 0 0 0 0
Marshall Islands 0 0 0 0 0Federated States of
Micronesia 0 0 0 0 0
Mongolia 0,395 0,395 0,384 0,388 0,399Myanmar 0,360 0,422 0,401 0,379 0,345
Nauru 0 0 0 0 0Nepal 0 0 0 0 0
New Caledonia 0 0 0 0 0New Zealand 0,255 0,207 0,233 0,146 0,163
Northern Mariana Islands 0 0 0 0 0Pakistan 1,252 1,281 1,485 1,602 1,309
Palau 0 0 0 0 0Papua New Guinea 0,415 0,266 0,629 0,551 0,256
Philippines 0,079 0,349 0,321 0,241 0,222Republic of Korea 0,032 0,029 0,012 0,069 0,136
Russian Federation 100 100 100 100 100Samoa 0 0 0 0 0
Singapore 0 0 0 0 0Solomon Islands 0 0 0 0 0
Sri Lanka 0 0 0 0 0Thailand 0,865 0,689 1,069 0,874 0,729
Timor-Leste 0 0 0 0 0Tonga 0 0 0 0 0Tuvalu 0 0 0 0 0
United States 60,422 60,833 62,26
8 55,837 59,809
Vanuatu 0 0 0 0 0Vietnam 0,370 0,663 0,739 0,562 2,718
TABLE A.27: PROVEN ENERGY RESERVES (COMBINED AND LL-STANDARDISED).42
42 Own compilation, standardization and illustration based on data taken from US Energy Information Administration (2015a), BP (2015) and World Energy Council (2015)
32
Countries/Year 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012Australia 1,52 1,80 3,50 1,59 1,43
Bangladesh 0 0,01 0,06 0,03 0,03Bhutan 0 0 0 0 0
Brunei Darussalam 1,35 1,35 1,35 1,10 1,10Cambodia 0 0 0 0 0
China 24,00 24,00 24,00 16,00 20,35Hong Kong 0 0 0 0 0
Macao 0 0 0 0 0DR Korea 0 0 0 0 0
Fiji 0 0 0 0 0French Polynesia 0 0 0 0 0
India 6,13 4,33 4,84 5,62 5,61Indonesia 6,58 4,98 5,00 4,30 3,89
Japan 0,06 0,05 0,06 0,06 0,04Kiribati 0 0 0 0 0Laos 0 0 0 0 0
Malaysia 3,05 4,00 3,00 3,00 4,00Maldives 0 0 0 0 0
Marshall Islands NA NA NA NA NAFederated States of
Micronesia NA NA NA NA NA
Mongolia 0 0 0 0 0Myanmar 0,05 0,05 0,05 0,05 0,05
Nauru 0 0 0 0 0Nepal 0 0 0 0 0
New Caledonia 0 0 0 0 0New Zealand 0,17 0,14 0,09 0,05 0,10
Northern Mariana Islands NA NA NA NA NAPakistan 0,16 0,21 0,30 0,29 0,28
Palau NA NA NA NA NAPapua New Guinea 0,20 0,28 0,24 0,24 0,18
Philippines 0,04 0,21 0,18 0,14 0,14Republic of Korea 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,11 0,25
Russian Federation 55,01 48,57 48,57 76,10 87,20Samoa 0 0 0 0 0
Singapore 0 0 0 0 0Solomon Islands 0 0 0 0 0
Sri Lanka 0 0 0 0 0Thailand 0,26 0,30 0,52 0,29 0,44
Timor-Leste NA NA NA 0 0Tonga 0 0 0 0 0Tuvalu NA NA NA NA NA
United States 24,68 22,35 22,45 20,97 26,54Vanuatu 0 0 0 0 0Vietnam 0,50 0,60 0,60 0,60 4,40
TABLE A.28: CRUDE OIL PROVED RESERVES IN BILLION BARRELS.43
43 Own compilation and illustration based on data taken from U.S. Energy Information Administration (2015a).33
Countries/Year 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012Australia 2,770 3,706 7,206 2,092 1,635
Bangladesh 0,001 0,011 0,117 0,037 0,032Bhutan 0 0 0 0 0
Brunei Darussalam 2,454 2,779 2,779 1,445 1,261Cambodia 0 0 0 0 0
China 43,632 49,410 49,41
0 21,025 23,337
Hong Kong 0 0 0 0 0Macao 0 0 0 0 0
DR Korea 0 0 0 0 0Fiji 0 0 0 0 0
French Polynesia 0 0 0 0 0
India 11,139 8,921 9,965 7,391 6,429
Indonesia 11,965 10,252 10,29
4 5,650 4,456
Japan 0,109 0,104 0,121 0,077 0,051Kiribati 0 0 0 0 0Laos 0 0 0 0 0
Malaysia 5,536 8,235 6,176 3,942 4,587Maldives 0 0 0 0 0
Marshall Islands 0 0 0 0 0Federated States of
Micronesia 0 0 0 0 0
Mongolia 0 0 0 0 0Myanmar 0,091 0,103 0,103 0,066 0,057
Nauru 0 0 0 0 0Nepal 0 0 0 0 0
New Caledonia 0 0 0 0 0New Zealand 0,309 0,278 0,184 0,070 0,110
Northern Mariana Islands 0 0 0 0 0Pakistan 0,295 0,428 0,614 0,380 0,322
Palau 0 0 0 0 0Papua New Guinea 0,364 0,566 0,491 0,315 0,209
Philippines 0,069 0,439 0,367 0,182 0,159Republic of Korea 0 0 0 0,139 0,287
Russian Federation 100 100 100 100 100Samoa 0 0 0 0 0
Singapore 0 0 0 0 0Solomon Islands 0 0 0 0 0
Sri Lanka 0 0 0 0 0Thailand 0,476 0,608 1,062 0,381 0,507
Timor-Leste 0 0 0 0 0Tonga 0 0 0 0 0Tuvalu 0 0 0 0 0
United States 44,872 46,015 46,21
1 27,558 30,440
Vanuatu 0 0 0 0 0Vietnam 0,909 1,235 1,235 0,788 5,046
TABLE A.29: CRUDE OIL PROVED RESERVES IN BILLION BARRELS. LEADER-LAGGARD.44
44 Own compilation, standardization and illustration based on data taken from ibid.34
Countries/Year 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012Australia 15,057 19,429 90 30,37 27,85
Bangladesh 25,6 10,163 10,615 5 6,489Bhutan 0 0 0 0 0
Brunei Darussalam 11,2 14,1 13,8 13,8 13,8Cambodia 0 0 0 0 0
China 35,4 41,357 48,3 80 107Hong Kong 0 0 0 0 0
Macao 0 0 0 0 0DR Korea 0 0 0 0 0
Fiji 0 0 0 0 0French Polynesia 0 0 0 0 0
India 25,772 24,2 22,865 37,96 40,745Indonesia 64,837 72,268 92,5 97,78 141,06
Japan 0,968 1,052 1,414 1,4 0,738Kiribati 0 0 0 0 0Laos 0 0 0 0 0
Malaysia 59,055 80,2 75 75 83Maldives 0 0 0 0 0
Marshall Islands NA NA NA NA NAFederated States of
Micronesia NA NA NA NA NA
Mongolia 0 0 0 0 0Myanmar 9,35 11 10 10 10
Nauru 0 0 0 0 0Nepal 0 0 0 0 0
New Caledonia 0 0 0 0 0New Zealand 3,449 2,398 2,083 0,9 0,976
Northern Mariana Islands NA NA NA NA NAPakistan 22,6 22 25,078 28 26,62
Palau NA NA NA NA NAPapua New Guinea 8 1,5 12,23 12,2 5,483
Philippines 0,1 3,85 3,693 3,48 3,48Republic of Korea 0 0 0 0,106 0,25
Russian Federation 1084,2 1084,2 1052,4 1073,6 1161,9Samoa 0 0 0 0 0
Singapore 0 0 0 0 0Solomon Islands 0 0 0 0 0
Sri Lanka 0 0 0 0 0Thailand 13,6 7,12 12,705 14,75 10,589
Timor-Leste NA NA NA 0 0Tonga 0 0 0 0 0Tuvalu NA NA NA NA NA
United States 167 166,474 183 211,085 334,067Vanuatu 0 0 0 0 0Vietnam 0,1 5 6,8 6,8 24,7
TABLE A.30: NATURAL GAS PROVED RESERVES IN TRILLION CUBIC FEET.45
45 Own compilation and illustration based on data taken from ibid.35
Countries/Year 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012Australia 1,389 1,792 8,552 2,829 2,397
Bangladesh 2,361 0,937 1,009 0,466 0,558Bhutan 0 0 0 0 0
Brunei Darussalam 1,033 1,300 1,311 1,285 1,188Cambodia 0 0 0 0 0
China 3,265 3,815 4,590 7,452 9,209Hong Kong 0 0 0 0 0
Macao 0 0 0 0 0DR Korea 0 0 0 0 0
Fiji 0 0 0 0 0French Polynesia 0 0 0 0 0
India 2,377 2,232 2,173 3,536 3,507Indonesia 5,980 6,666 8,789 9,108 12,140
Japan 0,089 0,097 0,134 0,130 0,064Kiribati 0 0 0 0 0Laos 0 0 0 0 0
Malaysia 5,447 7,397 7,127 6,986 7,143Maldives 0 0 0 0 0
Marshall Islands 0 0 0 0 0Federated States of
Micronesia 0 0 0 0 0
Mongolia 0 0 0 0 0Myanmar 0,862 1,015 0,950 0,931 0,861
Nauru 0 0 0 0 0Nepal 0 0 0 0 0
New Caledonia 0 0 0 0 0New Zealand 0,318 0,221 0,198 0,084 0,084
Northern Mariana Islands 0 0 0 0 0Pakistan 2,084 2,029 2,383 2,608 2,291
Palau 0 0 0 0 0Papua New Guinea 0,738 0,138 1,162 1,136 0,472
Philippines 0,009 0,355 0,351 0,324 0,300Republic of Korea 0 0 0 0,010 0,022
Russian Federation 100 100 100 100 100Samoa 0 0 0 0 0
Singapore 0 0 0 0 0Solomon Islands 0 0 0 0 0
Sri Lanka 0 0 0 0 0Thailand 1,254 0,657 1,207 1,374 0,911
Timor-Leste 0 0 0 0 0Tonga 0 0 0 0 0Tuvalu 0 0 0 0 0
United States 15,409 15,355 17,43
3 19,661 28,752
Vanuatu 0 0 0 0 0Vietnam 0,009 0,461 0,646 0,633 2,126
TABLE A.31: NATURAL GAS PROVED RESERVES IN TRILLION CUBIC FEET. LEADER-LAGGARD.46
46 Own compilation, standardization and illustration based on data taken from ibid.36
Countries/Year 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012Australia 90940 90940 82090 78500 76400
Bangladesh 293 293 293 293 293Bhutan NA NA NA NA NA
Brunei Darussalam NA NA NA NA NACambodia NA NA NA NA NA
China 114500 114500 114500 114500 114500Hong Kong NA NA NA NA NA
Macao NA NA NA NA NADR Korea 600 600 600 600 600
Fiji NA NA NA NA NAFrench Polynesia NA NA NA NA NA
India 62548 69947 84396 92445 60600Indonesia 32063 32063 5370 4968 5529
Japan 844 821 773 359 350Kiribati NA NA NA NA NALaos 503 503 503 503 503
Malaysia 4 4 4 4 4Maldives NA NA NA NA NA
Marshall Islands NA NA NA NA NAFederated States of
Micronesia NA NA NA NA NA
Mongolia 2520 2520 2520 2520 2520Myanmar 2 2 2 2 2
Nauru NA NA NA NA NANepal 1 1 1 1 1
New Caledonia NA NA NA NA 2New Zealand 117 117 572 571 571
Northern Mariana Islands NA NA NA NA NAPakistan 2265 2265 2265 3050 2070
Palau NA NA NA NA NAPapua New Guinea NA NA NA NA NA
Philippines 316 316 316 316 316Republic of Korea 203 183 78 80 126
Russian Federation 157010 157010 157010 157010 157010Samoa NA NA NA NA NA
Singapore NA NA NA NA NASolomon Islands NA NA NA NA NA
Sri Lanka NA NA NA NA NAThailand 1354 1354 1354 1354 1239
Timor-Leste NA NA NA NA NATonga NA NA NA NA NATuvalu NA NA NA NA NA
United States 240560 240558 249994 246643 237295Vanuatu NA NA NA NA NAVietnam 150 150 150 150 150
TABLE A.32: COAL PROVED RESERVES IN MILLION BARRELS.47
47 Own compilation and illustration based on data taken from BP (2015).37
Countries/Year 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012
Australia 37,803 37,804 32,83
7 31,827 32,196
Bangladesh 0,122 0,122 0,117 0,119 0,123Bhutan 0 0 0 0 0
Brunei Darussalam 0 0 0 0 0Cambodia 0 0 0 0 0
China 47,597 47,598 45,80
1 46,423 48,252
Hong Kong 0 0 0 0 0Macao 0 0 0 0 0
DR Korea 0,249 0,249 0,240 0,243 0,253Fiji 0 0 0 0 0
French Polynesia 0 0 0 0 0
India 26,001 29,077 33,75
9 37,481 25,538
Indonesia 13,328 13,329 2,148 2,014 2,330
Japan 0,351 0,341 0,309 0,146 0,147Kiribati 0 0 0 0 0Laos 0,209 0,209 0,201 0,204 0,212
Malaysia 0,002 0,002 0,002 0,002 0,002Maldives 0 0 0 0 0
Marshall Islands 0 0 0 0 0Federated States of
Micronesia 0 0 0 0 0
Mongolia 1,048 1,048 1,008 1,022 1,062Myanmar 0,001 0,001 0,001 0,001 0,001
Nauru 0 0 0 0 0Nepal 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000
New Caledonia 0 0 0 0 0,001New Zealand 0,049 0,049 0,229 0,232 0,241
Northern Mariana Islands 0 0 0 0 0Pakistan 0,942 0,942 0,906 1,237 0,872
Palau 0 0 0 0 0Papua New Guinea 0 0 0 0 0
Philippines 0,131 0,131 0,126 0,128 0,133Republic of Korea 0,084 0,076 0,031 0,032 0,053
Russian Federation 65,269 65,269 62,80
6 63,659 66,167
Samoa 0 0 0 0 0Singapore 0 0 0 0 0
Solomon Islands 0 0 0 0 0Sri Lanka 0 0 0 0 0Thailand 0,563 0,563 0,542 0,549 0,522
Timor-Leste 0 0 0 0 0Tonga 0 0 0 0 0Tuvalu 0 0 0 0 0
United States 100 100 100 100 100Vanuatu 0 0 0 0 0Vietnam 0,062 0,062 0,060 0,061 0,063
TABLE A.33: COAL PROVED RESERVES IN MILLION BARRELS. LEADER-LAGGARD.48
48 Own compilation, standardization and illustration based on data taken from ibid.
38
Countries/Year 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012Australia 75,278 64,137 54,293 43,519 33,135
Bangladesh 0 0 0 0 0Bhutan 0 0 0 0 0
Brunei Darussalam 0 0 0 0 0Cambodia 0 0 0 0 0
China 79,310 100 100 100 100Hong Kong 0 0 0 0 0
Macao 0 0 0 0 0DR Korea 0,520 0,394 0,112 0,066 0
Fiji 0,003 0,007 0 0 0French Polynesia 0 0 0 0 0
India 14,496 22,782 18,743 15,801 9,220Indonesia 3,506 3,412 4,491 5,074 2,796
Japan 24,623 16,153 16,151 7,328 6,631Kiribati 0 0 0 0 0Laos 0 0 0 0,055 0
Malaysia 1,693 0,780 0,370 0,280 0,665Maldives 0 0 0 0 0
Marshall Islands 0 0 0 0 0Federated States of
Micronesia 0 0 0 0 0
Mongolia 0 0 0 0 0Myanmar 0,197 0,087 0,043 0,071 0,148
Nauru 0 0 0 0 0
Nepal 7,4575E-06 0 0 0 0
New Caledonia 2,934 1,287 1,763 2,185 1,439New Zealand 0,096 0,085 0,067 0,029 0,009
Northern Mariana Islands 0 0 0 0 0Pakistan 0,087 0,093 0,559 0,071 0
Palau 0 0 0 0 0Papua New Guinea 1,047 0,339 0,362 0,216 0
Philippines 1,257 0,673 0,516 2,765 4,654Republic of Korea 1,216 0,948 0,191 6,785 6,920
Russian Federation 98,291 56,171 33,206 41,388 29,290Samoa 0 0 0 0 0
Singapore 0 0 0 0 0Solomon Islands 0 0 0 0 0
Sri Lanka 0,168 0,071 0 0,142 0,115Thailand 0,297 0,132 0,159 0,193 0,046
Timor-Leste 0 0 0 0 0Tonga 0 0 0 0 0Tuvalu 0 0 0 0 0
United States 78,500 61,670 40,216 30,898 31,949Vanuatu 0 0 0 0 0Vietnam 0 0,243 0,482 1,195 1,756
TABLE A.34: COMBINED CRITICAL MINERALS.49
49 Own compilation, standardization and illustration based on data taken from US Department of the Interior and US Geological Survey (2013a) and (2013b) as well as USGS (2015).
39
Countries/Year 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012
Australia 76,587 64,137 54,293 43,51
9 33,135
Bangladesh 0 0 0 0 0Bhutan 0 0 0 0 0
Brunei Darussalam 0 0 0 0 0Cambodia 0 0 0 0 0
China 80,689 100 100 100 100Hong Kong 0 0 0 0 0
Macao 11,191 11 11 11 11DR Korea 0,529 0,394 0,112 0,066 0
Fiji 0,003 0,007 0 0 0French Polynesia 0 0 0 0 0
India 14,748 22,782 18,743 15,80
1 9,220
Indonesia 3,567 3,412 4,491 5,074 2,796
Japan 25,051 16,153 16,151 7,328 6,631
Kiribati 0 0 0 0 0Laos 0 0 0 0,055 0
Malaysia 1,722 0,780 0,370 0,280 0,665Maldives 0 0 0 0 0
Marshall Islands 0 0 0 0 0Federated States of
Micronesia 0 0 0 0 0
Mongolia 0 0 0 0 0Myanmar 0,201 0,087 0,043 0,071 0,148
Nauru 0 0 0 0 0
Nepal 7,58723E-06 0 0 0 0
New Caledonia 2,985 1,287 1,763 2,185 1,439New Zealand 0,098 0,085 0,067 0,029 0,009
Northern Mariana Islands 0 0 0 0 0Pakistan 0,089 0,093 0,559 0,071 0
Palau 0 0 0 0 0Papua New Guinea 1,066 0,339 0,362 0,216 0
Philippines 1,279 0,673 0,516 2,765 4,654Republic of Korea 1,238 0,948 0,191 6,785 6,920
Russian Federation 100 56,171 33,206 41,38
8 29,290
Samoa 0 0 0 0 0Singapore 0 0 0 0 0
Solomon Islands 0 0 0 0 0Sri Lanka 0,171 0,071 0 0,142 0,115Thailand 0,302 0,132 0,159 0,193 0,046
Timor-Leste 0 0 0 0 0Tonga 0 0 0 0 0Tuvalu 0 0 0 0 0
United States 79,865 61,670 40,216 30,89
8 31,949
Vanuatu 0 0 0 0 0Vietnam 0 0,243 0,482 1,195 1,756
TABLE A.35: COMBINATION OF COMBINED PRODUCTION NUMBERS OF STRATEGIC MINERALS AND METALS WITH RESPECTIVE MARKET CONCENTRATION.50
50 Own compilation, calculation, standardization and illustration based on data taken from US Department of the Interior and US Geological Survey (2013a) and (2013b) as well as USGS (2015).
40
Countries/Year 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012
Australia 79,556 78,275 70,585 54,037 46,270
Bangladesh 0 0 0 0 0Bhutan 0 0 0 0 0
Brunei Darussalam 0 0 0 0 0Cambodia 0 0 0 0 0
China 87,620 100 100 100 100Hong Kong 0 0 0 0 0
Macao 0 0 0 0 0DR Korea 1,039 0,788 0,223 0,132 0
Fiji 0,007 0,015 0 0 0French Polynesia 0 0 0 0 0
India 14,991 12,563 12,486 9,603 8,440
Indonesia 7,013 6,823 8,982 10,149 5,591Japan 20,246 15,306 7,302 3,656 3,263Kiribati 0 0 0 0 0Laos 0 0 0 0,110 0
Malaysia 3,385 1,559 0,740 0,560 1,330Maldives 0 0 0 0 0
Marshall Islands 0 0 0 0 0Federated States of
Micronesia 0 0 0 0 0
Mongolia 0 0 0 0 0Myanmar 0,394 0,175 0,087 0,141 0,295
Nauru 0 0 0 0 0Nepal 1,5E-05 0 0 0 0
New Caledonia 5,868 2,574 3,526 4,369 2,878New Zealand 0,192 0,171 0,134 0,057 0,018
Northern Mariana Islands 0 0 0 0 0Pakistan 0,174 0,187 1,119 0,142 0
Palau 0 0 0 0 0Papua New Guinea 2,095 0,679 0,725 0,433 0
Philippines 2,514 1,346 1,032 5,529 9,309Republic of Korea 2,433 1,896 0,382 2,570 3,839
Russian Federation 96,581 45,342 28,412 26,777 18,581
Samoa 0 0 0 0 0Singapore 0 0 0 0 0
Solomon Islands 0 0 0 0 0Sri Lanka 0,335 0,141 0 0,284 0,231Thailand 0,594 0,264 0,318 0,387 0,091
Timor-Leste 0 0 0 0 0Tonga 0 0 0 0 0Tuvalu 0 0 0 0 0
United States 100 73,340 42,432 28,796 23,898
Vanuatu 0 0 0 0 0Vietnam 0 0,487 0,964 2,391 3,513
TABLE A.36: COMBINED PRODUCTION OF CRITICAL MINERALS, LEADER-LAGGARD.51
51 Own compilation, standardization and illustration based on data taken from US Department of the Interior and US Geological Survey (2013a) and (2013b) as well as USGS (2015).
41
Countries/Year 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012
Australia 2,883050847 1,450381679 1,2 0,619631902 0
Bangladesh 0 0 0 0 0Bhutan 0 0 0 0 0
Brunei Darussalam 0 0 0 0 0Cambodia 0 0 0 0 0
China 100 100 100 100 100Hong Kong 0 0 0 0 0
Macao 0 0 0 0 0DR Korea 0 0 0 0 0
Fiji 0 0 0 0 0French Polynesia 0 0 0 0 0
India 0 0 0 0 0Indonesia 0 0 0 0 0
Japan 0 0 0 0 0Kiribati 0 0 0 0 0Laos 0 0 0 0 0
Malaysia 0 0 0 0 0Maldives 0 0 0 0 0
Marshall Islands 0 0 0 0 0Federated States of
Micronesia 0 0 0 0 0
Mongolia 0 0 0 0 0Myanmar 0 0 0 0 0
Nauru 0 0 0 0 0Nepal 0 0 0 0 0
New Caledonia 0 0 0 0 0New Zealand 0 0 0 0 0
Northern Mariana Islands 0 0 0 0 0Pakistan 0,020338983 0 0 0 0
Palau 0 0 0 0 0Papua New Guinea 0 0 0 0 0
Philippines 0 0 0 0 0Republic of Korea 0 0 0 0 0
Russian Federation 16,94915254 4,580152672 1 2,147239264 4,482758621
Samoa 0 0 0 0 0Singapore 0 0 0 0 0
Solomon Islands 0 0 0 0 0Sri Lanka 0 0 0 0 0Thailand 0,457627119 0,040458015 0,001 0 0
Timor-Leste 0 0 0 0 0Tonga 0 0 0 0 0Tuvalu 0 0 0 0 0
United States 0 0,271755725 0 0 0Vanuatu 0 0 0 0 0Vietnam 0 0 0 0 0
United States 0 0 0 0 0Vanuatu 0 0 0 0 0
Vietnam 0 0,827653359 1,076297834 1,076297834 0
TABLE A.37: PRODUCTION OF ANTIMONY IN ASIAN-PACIFIC COUNTRIES, LEADER-LAGGARD52
52 Own compilation, standardization and illustration based on data taken from US Department of the Interior and US Geological Survey (2013a) and (2013b) as well as USGS (2015).
42
Countries/Year 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012Australia 0 0,503083414 2,426495482 2,62673477 0
Bangladesh 0 0 0 0 0Bhutan 0 0 0 0 0
Brunei Darussalam 0 0 0 0 0Cambodia 0 0 0 0 0
China 0,714285714 3,245699448 2,0731923992,07319239
9 0Hong Kong 0 0 0 0 0
Macao 0 0 0 0 0DR Korea 0 0 0 0 0
Fiji 0 0 0 0 0French Polynesia 0 0 0 0 0
India 30,91625714 22,12023694 34,4149938234,4149938
2 35,45454545Indonesia 0,057142857 0,03498864 0 0 0
Japan 0,228571429 0 0 0 0Kiribati 0 0 0 0 0Laos 0 0 0 0 0
Malaysia 0 0 0 0 0Maldives 0 0 0 0 0
Marshall Islands 0 0 0 0 0Federated States of
Micronesia 0 0 0 0 0Mongolia 0 0 0 0 0Myanmar 0,177142857 0,053537812 0,004146385 0 0
Nauru 0 0 0 0 0Nepal 0 0 0 0 0
New Caledonia 0,2334 0 0 0 0New Zealand 0 0 0 0 0
Northern Mariana Islands 0 0 0 0 0
Pakistan 0,652914286 0,38563778 3,3492423211,11952389
6 0Palau 0 0 0 0 0
Papua New Guinea 0 0 0 0 0
Philippines 1,877742857 1,419993509 0,4872002140,32748147
1 0Republic of Korea 0 0 0 0 0
Russian Federation 3,468571429 2,434274586 8,0510457298,05104572
9 0Samoa 0 0 0 0 0
Singapore 0 0 0 0 0Solomon Islands 0 0 0 0 0
Sri Lanka 0 0 0 0 0Thailand 0 0 0 0 0
Timor-Leste 0 0 0 0 0Tonga 0 0 0 0 0Tuvalu 0 0 0 0 0
United States 0 0 0 0 0Vanuatu 0 0 0 0 0
Vietnam 0 0,827653359 1,0762978341,07629783
4 0Vanuatu 0 0 0 0 0Vietnam 0 0 0 0 0
TABLE A.38: PRODUCTION OF CHROMIUM IN ASIAN-PACIFIC COUNTRIES, LEADER-LAGGARD53
53 Own compilation, standardization and illustration based on data taken from US Department of the Interior and US Geological Survey (2013a) and (2013b) as well as USGS (2015).
43
Countries/Year 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012
Australia 23,15484805 49,70178926 1,842465753 18,62204724 11,52941176
Bangladesh 0 0 0 0 0Bhutan 0 0 0 0 0
Brunei Darussalam 0 0 0 0 0Cambodia 0 0 0 0 0
China 3,762662808 3,313452618 6,849315068 24,01574803 13,7254902
Hongkong 0 0 0 0 0Macao 0 0 0 0 0
DR Korea 0 0 0 0 0Fiji 0 0 0 0 0
French Polynesia 0 0 0 0 0India 0 0 0 0 0
Indonesia 0 0 0 6,299212598 0
Japan 0 0 0 0 0Kiribati 0 0 0 0 0Laos 0 0 0 0 0
Malaysia 0 0 0 0 0Maldives 0 0 0 0 0
Marshall Islands 0 0 0 0 0Federated States of
Micronesia 0 0 0 0 0
Mongolia 0 0 0 0 0Myanmar 0 0 0 0 0
Nauru 0 0 0 0 0Nepal 0 0 0 0 0
New Caledonia 11,57742402 16,56726309 19,04109589 8,858267717 5,137254902
New Zealand 0 0 0 0 0Northern Mariana Islands 0 0 0 0 0
Pakistan 0 0 0 0 0Palau 0 0 0 0 0
Papua New Guinea 0 0 0 0 0
Philippines 0 0 0 3,937007874 0
Republic of Korea 0 0 0 0 0
Russian Federation 57,88712012 54,67196819 31,50684932 24,80314961 12,35294118
Samoa 0 0 0 0 0Singapore 0 0 0 0 0
Solomon Islands 0 0 0 0 0Sri Lanka 0 0 0 0 0Thailand 0 0 0 0 0
Timor-Leste 0 0 0 0 0Tonga 0 0 0 0 0Tuvalu 0 0 0 0 0
United States 0 0 0 0 0Vanuatu 0 0 0 0 0Vietnam 0 0 0 0 0
TABLE A.39: PRODUCTION OF COBALT IN ASIAN-PACIFIC COUNTRIES, LEADER-LAGGARD54
54 Own compilation, standardization and illustration based on data taken from US Department of the Interior and US Geological Survey (2013a) and (2013b) as well as USGS (2015).
44
Countries/Year 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012
Australia 19,55813111 16,4504717 18,9434621315,6559294
6 17,6427256Bangladesh 0 0 0 0 0
Bhutan 0 0 0 0 0Brunei Darussalam 0 0 0 0 0
Cambodia 0 0 0 0 0
China 1,728152326 15,06485849 12,9447718817,0235738
7 30,01841621Hong Kong 0 0 0 0 0
Macao 0 0 0 0 0
DR Korea 0,827857402 0,471698113 0,2619515390,21594385
5 0Fiji 0 0 0 0 0
French Polynesia 0 0 0 0 0
India 2,537175971 1,096698113 0,687622790,61004138
9 0
Indonesia 14,52988048 15,59908608 25,5779524114,3404714
8 6,629834254Japan 0,624721892 0,027476415 0 0 0Kiribati 0 0 0 0 0
Laos 0 0 01,12544538
4 0Malaysia 1,477518497 0,554864387 0 0 0Maldives 0 0 0 0 0
Marshall Islands 0 0 0 0 0Federated States of
Micronesia 0 0 0 0 0Mongolia 0 0 0 0 0
Myanmar 0,193045998 0,086291274 0,600305610,25013496
5 0Nauru 0 0 0 0 0Nepal 0,000103482 0 0 0 0
New Caledonia 0 0 0 0 0New Zealand 0 0 0 0 0
Northern Mariana Islands 0 0 0 0 0
Pakistan 0 0 00,33831203
9 0Palau 0 0 0 0 0
Papua New Guinea 10,00460496 3,287588443 4,4531761623,04452042
5 0
Philippines 6,391214363 1,432783019 0,4008731720,41140903
4 0Republic of Korea 0,000206964 0 0 0 0
Russian Federation 36,14114969 14,8879717 15,17135997 13,3165377 16,26151013Samoa 0 0 0 0 0
Singapore 0 0 0 0 0Solomon Islands 0 0 0 0 0
Sri Lanka 0 0 0 0 0Thailand 0 0 0 0 0
Timor-Leste 0 0 0 0 0Tonga 0 0 0 0 0Tuvalu 0 0 0 0 0
United States 91,06431417 57,19339623 24,885396221,0545258
2 21,54696133Vanuatu 0 0 0 0 0
Vietnam 0 0 00,22494151
5 0
TABLE A.40: PRODUCTION OF COPPER IN ASIAN-PACIFIC COUNTRIES, LEADER-LAGGARD55
55 Own compilation, standardization and illustration based on data taken from US Department of the Interior and US Geological Survey (2013a) and (2013b) as well as USGS (2015).
45
Countries/Year 1992 1997200
2 2007 2012Australia 100 100 100 0 0
Bangladesh 0 0 0 0 0Bhutan 0 0 0 0 0
Brunei Darussalam 0 0 0 0 0Cambodia 0 0 0 0 0
China 16 16 80 100 100Hong Kong 0 0 0 0 0
Macao 0 0 0 0 0DR Korea 0 0 0 0 0
Fiji 0 0 0 0 0French Polynesia 0 0 0 0 0
India 0 0 0 0 0Indonesia 0 0 0 0 0
Japan 14 14 40 20 10Kiribati 0 0 0 0 0Laos 0 0 0 0 0
Malaysia 0 0 0 0 0Maldives 0 0 0 0 0
Marshall Islands 0 0 0 0 0Federated States of
Micronesia 0 0 0 0 0Mongolia 0 0 0 0 0Myanmar 0 0 0 0 0
Nauru 0 0 0 0 0Nepal 0 0 0 0 0
New Caledonia 0 0 0 0 0New Zealand 0 0 0 0 0
Northern Mariana Islands 0 0 0 0 0Pakistan 0 0 0 0 0
Palau 0 0 0 0 0Papua New Guinea 0 0 0 0 0
Philippines 0 0 0 0 0Republic of Korea 0 0 0 0 0
Russian Federation 60 60 38 19 10Samoa 0 0 0 0 0
Singapore 0 0 0 0 0Solomon Islands 0 0 0 0 0
Sri Lanka 0 0 0 0 0Thailand 0 0 0 0 0
Timor-Leste 0 0 0 0 0Tonga 0 0 0 0 0Tuvalu 0 0 0 0 0
United States 6 6 0 0 0Vanuatu 0 0 0 0 0Vietnam 0 0 0 0 0
TABLE A.41: PRODUCTION OF GALLIUM IN ASIAN-PACIFIC COUNTRIES, LEADER-LAGGARD56
56 Own compilation, standardization and illustration based on data taken from US Department of the Interior and US Geological Survey (2013a) and (2013b) as well as USGS (2015).
46
Countries/Year 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012Australia 0 0 0 0 0
Bangladesh 0 0 0 0 0Bhutan 0 0 0 0 0
Brunei Darussalam 0 0 0 0 0Cambodia 0 0 0 0 0
China 61,53846154 0 74,07407407 100 100Hong Kong 0 0 0 0 0
Macao 0 0 0 0 0DR Korea 0 0 0 0 0
Fiji 0 0 0 0 0French Polynesia 0 0 0 0 0
India 0 0 0 0 0Indonesia 0 0 0 0 0
Japan 23,07692308 4,347826087 3,703703704 0 0Kiribati 0 0 0 0 0Laos 0 0 0 0 0
Malaysia 0 0 0 0 0Maldives 0 0 0 0 0
Marshall Islands 0 0 0 0 0Federated States of
Micronesia 0 0 0 0 0
Mongolia 0 0 0 0 0Myanmar 0 0 0 0 0
Nauru 0 0 0 0 0Nepal 0 0 0 0 0
New Caledonia 0 0 0 0 0New Zealand 0 0 0 0 0
Northern Mariana Islands 0 0 0 0 0Pakistan 0 0 0 0 0
Palau 0 0 0 0 0Papua New Guinea 0 0 0 0 0
Philippines 0 0 0 0 0Republic of Korea 0 0 0 0 0
Russian Federation 92,30769231 0 0 5,555555556 5,555555556
Samoa 0 0 0 0 0Singapore 0 0 0 0 0
Solomon Islands 0 0 0 0 0Sri Lanka 0 0 0 0 0Thailand 0 0 0 0 0
Timor-Leste 0 0 0 0 0Tonga 0 0 0 0 0Tuvalu 0 0 0 0 0
United States 100 86,95652174 74,07407407 3,333333333 3,333333333
Vanuatu 0 0 0 0 0Vietnam 0 0 0 0 0
TABLE A.42: PRODUCTION OF GERMANIUM IN ASIAN-PACIFIC COUNTRIES, LEADER-LAGGARD57
57 Own compilation, standardization and illustration based on data taken from US Department of the Interior and US Geological Survey (2013a) and (2013b) as well as USGS (2015).
47
Countries/Year 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012
Australia 0 0 0 0 0Bangladesh 0 0 0 0 0
Bhutan 0 0 0 0 0Brunei Darussalam 0 0 0 0 0
Cambodia 0 0 0 0 0China 25 90 100 100 100
Hong Kong 0 0 0 0 0Macao 0 0 0 0 0
DR Korea 0 0 0 0 0Fiji 0 0 0 0 0
French Polynesia 0 0 0 0 0India 0 0 0 0 0
Indonesia 0 0 0 0 0Japan 75 80 0 0 17,5308642Kiribati 0 0 0 0 0Laos 0 0 0 0 0
Malaysia 0 0 0 0 0Maldives 0 0 0 0 0
Marshall Islands 0 0 0 0 0Federated States of
Micronesia 0 0 0 0 0
Mongolia 0 0 0 0 0Myanmar 0 0 0 0 0
Nauru 0 0 0 0 0Nepal 0 0 0 0 0
New Caledonia 0 0 0 0 0New Zealand 0 0 0 0 0
Northern Mariana Islands 0 0 0 0 0Pakistan 0 0 0 0 0
Palau 0 0 0 0 0Papua New Guinea 0 0 0 0 0
Philippines 0 0 0 0 0Republic of Korea 0 0 0 18,91891892 40,74074074
Russian Federation 12,5 40 9,375 2,702702703 3,209876543Samoa 0 0 0 0 0
Singapore 0 0 0 0 0Solomon Islands 0 0 0 0 0
Sri Lanka 0 0 0 0 0Thailand 0 0 0 0 0
Timor-Leste 0 0 0 0 0Tonga 0 0 0 0 0Tuvalu 0 0 0 0 0
United States 0 0 0 0 0Vanuatu 0 0 0 0 0Vietnam 0 0 0 0 0
TABLE A.43: PRODUCTION OF INDIUM IN ASIAN-PACIFIC COUNTRIES, LEADER-LAGGARD58
58 Own compilation, standardization and illustration based on data taken from US Department of the Interior and US Geological Survey (2013a) and (2013b) as well as USGS (2015).
48
Countries/Year 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012Australia 94,48 100 100 100 100
Bangladesh 0 0 0 0 0Bhutan 0 0 0 0 0
Brunei Darussalam 0 0 0 0 0Cambodia 0 0 0 0 0
China 16,04444444 17,534135 16,43800974 8,321328084 5,252549128
Hong Kong 0 0 0 0 0Macao 0 0 0 0 0
DR Korea 0 0 0 0 0Fiji 0 0 0 0 0
French Polynesia 0 0 0 0 0India 0 0 0 0 0
Indonesia 0 0 0 0 0Japan 0 0 0 0 0Kiribati 0 0 0 0 0Laos 0 0 0 0 0
Malaysia 0 0 0 0 0Maldives 0 0 0 0 0
Marshall Islands 0 0 0 0 0Federated States of
Micronesia 0 0 0 0 0
Mongolia 0 0 0 0 0Myanmar 0 0 0 0 0
Nauru 0 0 0 0 0Nepal 0 0 0 0 0
New Caledonia 0 0 0 0 0New Zealand 0 0 0 0 0
Northern Mariana Islands 0 0 0 0 0Pakistan 0 0 0 0 0
Palau 0 0 0 0 0Papua New Guinea 0 0 0 0 0
Philippines 0 0 0 0 0Republic of Korea 0 0 0 0 0
Russian Federation 100 2,262469032 2,528924575 0 0Samoa 0 0 0 0 0
Singapore 0 0 0 0 0Solomon Islands 0 0 0 0 0
Sri Lanka 0 0 0 0 0Thailand 0 0 0 0 0
Timor-Leste 0 0 0 0 0Tonga 0 0 0 0 0Tuvalu 0 0 0 0 0
United States 0 0 0 0 0Vanuatu 0 0 0 0 0Vietnam 0 0 0 0 0
TABLE A.44: PRODUCTION OF LITHIUM IN ASIAN-PACIFIC COUNTRIES, LEADER-LAGGARD59
59 Own compilation, standardization and illustration based on data taken from US Department of the Interior and US Geological Survey (2013a) and (2013b) as well as USGS (2015).
49
Countries/Year 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012
Australia 32,21621622 77,34138973 65,36338852 97,69230769 85,55555556
Bangladesh 0 0 0 0 0Bhutan 0 0 0 0 0
Brunei Darussalam 0 0 0 0 0Cambodia 0 0 0 0 0
China 57,2972973 90,63444109 59,84440455 76,92307692 80,55555556
Hong Kong 0 0 0 0 0Macao 0 0 0 0 0
DR Korea 0 0 0 0 0Fiji 0 0 0 0 0
French Polynesia 0 0 0 0 0
India 37,13513514 45,77039275 39,96276348 27,92307692 22,22222222
Indonesia 0 0 0 0 0Japan 0 0 0 0 0Kiribati 0 0 0 0 0Laos 0 0 0 0 0
Malaysia 0 0 0 0,846153846 11,91666667
Maldives 0 0 0 0 0Marshall Islands 0 0 0 0 0
Federated States of Micronesia 0 0 0 0 0
Mongolia 0 0 0 0 0
Myanmar 0 0 0 0,746153846 3,194444444
Nauru 0 0 0 0 0Nepal 0 0 0 0 0
New Caledonia 0 0 0 0 0New Zealand 0 0 0 0 0
Northern Mariana Islands 0 0 0 0 0Pakistan 0 0 0 0 0
Palau 0 0 0 0 0Papua New Guinea 0 0 0 0 0
Philippines 0 0 0 0 0Republic of Korea 0 0 0 0 0
Russian Federation 0 0 0 0 0Samoa 0 0 0 0 0
Singapore 0 0 0 0 0Solomon Islands 0 0 0 0 0
Sri Lanka 0 0 0 0 0Thailand 0 0 0 0 0
Timor-Leste 0 0 0 0 0Tonga 0 0 0 0 0Tuvalu 0 0 0 0 0
United States 0 0 0 0 0Vanuatu 0 0 0 0 0Vietnam 0 0 0 0 0
TABLE A.45: PRODUCTION OF MANGANESE IN ASIAN-PACIFIC COUNTRIES, LEADER-LAGGARD60
60 Own compilation, standardization and illustration based on data taken from US Department of the Interior and US Geological Survey (2013a) and (2013b) as well as USGS (2015).
50
Countries/Year 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012Australia 0 0 0 0 0
Bangladesh 0 0 0 0 0Bhutan 0 0 0 0 0
Brunei Darussalam 0 0 0 0 0Cambodia 0 0 0 0 0
China 38,63179074 55,40765391 90,7120743 100 100Hong Kong 0 0 0 0 0
Macao 0 0 0 0 0DR Korea 0 0 0 0 0
Fiji 0 0 0 0 0French Polynesia 0 0 0 0 0
India 0 0 0 0 0Indonesia 0 0 0 0 0
Japan 0 0 0 0 0Kiribati 0 0 0 0 0Laos 0 0 0 0 0
Malaysia 0 0 0 0 0Maldives 0 0 0 0 0
Marshall Islands 0 0 0 0 0Federated States of
Micronesia 0 0 0 0 0
Mongolia 0 0 0 0 0Myanmar 0 0 0 0 0
Nauru 0 0 0 0 0Nepal 0 0 0 0 0
New Caledonia 0 0 0 0 0New Zealand 0 0 0 0 0
Northern Mariana Islands 0 0 0 0 0Pakistan 0 0 0 0 0
Palau 0 0 0 0 0Papua New Guinea 0 0 0 0 0
Philippines 0 0 0 0 0Republic of Korea 0 0 0 0 0
Russian Federation 10,06036217 3,327787022 8,978328173 4,947526237 3,75
Samoa 0 0 0 0 0Singapore 0 0 0 0 0
Solomon Islands 0 0 0 0 0Sri Lanka 0 0 0 0 0Thailand 0 0 0 0 0
Timor-Leste 0 0 0 0 0Tonga 0 0 0 0 0Tuvalu 0 0 0 0 0
United States 100 100 100 85,45727136 58,07692308
Vanuatu 0 0 0 0 0Vietnam 0 0 0 0 0
TABLE A.46: PRODUCTION OF MOLYBDENUM IN ASIAN-PACIFIC COUNTRIES, LEADER-LAGGARD61
61 Own compilation, standardization and illustration based on data taken from US Department of the Interior and US Geological Survey (2013a) and (2013b) as well as USGS (2015).
51
Countries/Year 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012Australia 20,60714286 31,99391304 60,64516129 66,0900025 58,01886792
Bangladesh 0 0 0 0 0Bhutan 0 0 0 0 0
Brunei Darussalam 0 0 0 0 0Cambodia 0 0 0 0 0
China 11,71428571 18,82608696 17,32258065 23,9482432 22,00471698Hong Kong 0 0 0 0 0
Macao 0 0 0 0 0DR Korea 0 0 0 0 0
Fiji 0 0 0 0 0French Polynesia 0 0 0 0 0
India 0 0 0 0 0
Indonesia 27,71428571 4,347391304 46,12903226 81,92443793 53,77358491
Japan 0 55,8273913 0 0 0Kiribati 0 0 0 0 0Laos 0 0 0 0 0
Malaysia 0 0 0 0 0Maldives 0 0 0 0 0
Marshall Islands 0 0 0 0 0Federated States of
Micronesia 0 0 0 0 0
Mongolia 0 0 0 0 0
Myanmar 0,003214286 0 0,003225806 0,003574365 0
Nauru 0 0 0 0 0Nepal 0 0 0 0 0
New Caledonia 40,35714286 19,26608696 32,20677419 44,80966508 31,13207547
New Zealand 0 0 0 0 0Northern Mariana Islands 0 0 0 0 0
Pakistan 0 0 0 0 0Palau 0 0 0 0 0
Papua New Guinea 0 0 0 0 0
Philippines 4,642857143 0 7,789677419 54,43757372 100
Republic of Korea 0 0 0 0 0Russian Federation 100 100 100 100 60,14150943
Samoa 0 0 0 0 0Singapore 0 0 0 0 0
Solomon Islands 0 0 0 0 0Sri Lanka 0 0 0 0 0Thailand 0 0 0 0 0
Timor-Leste 0 0 0 0 0Tonga 0 0 0 0 0Tuvalu 0 0 0 0 0
United States 2,382142857 6,956521739 0 0 0Vanuatu 0 0 0 0 0Vietnam 0 0 0 0 0
TABLE A.47: PRODUCTION OF NICKEL IN ASIAN-PACIFIC COUNTRIES, LEADER-LAGGARD62
62 Own compilation, standardization and illustration based on data taken from US Department of the Interior and US Geological Survey (2013a) and (2013b) as well as USGS (2015).
52
Countries/Year 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012
Australia 0,105374078 0,25893096 0,150492487 0,088231639 0
Bangladesh 0 0 0 0 0Bhutan 0 0 0 0 0
Brunei Darussalam 0 0 0 0 0Cambodia 0 0 0 0 0
China 0 0 0 0 0Hong Kong 0 0 0 0 0
Macao 0 0 0 0 0DR Korea 0 0 0 0 0
Fiji 0 0 0 0 0French Polynesia 0 0 0 0 0
India 0 0 0 0 0Indonesia 0 0 0 0 0
Japan 0,66280295 0,598130518 0,573376374 0,621349571 0
Kiribati 0 0 0 0 0Laos 0 0 0 0 0
Malaysia 0 0 0 0 0Maldives 0 0 0 0 0
Marshall Islands 0 0 0 0 0Federated States of
Micronesia 0 0 0 0 0
Mongolia 0 0 0 0 0Myanmar 0 0 0 0 0
Nauru 0 0 0 0 0Nepal 0 0 0 0 0
New Caledonia 0 0 0 0 0New Zealand 0 0 0 0 0
Northern Mariana Islands 0 0 0 0 0Pakistan 0 0 0 0 0
Palau 0 0 0 0 0Papua New Guinea 0 0 0 0 0
Philippines 0 0 0 0 0Republic of Korea 0 0 0 0 0
Russian Federation 29,50474183 25,89309604 20,3164857 16,77643842 18,4962406
Samoa 0 0 0 0 0Singapore 0 0 0 0 0
Solomon Islands 0 0 0 0 0Sri Lanka 0 0 0 0 0Thailand 0 0 0 0 0
Timor-Leste 0 0 0 0 0Tonga 0 0 0 0 0Tuvalu 0 0 0 0 0
United States 1,938883035 2,252699355 3,303310082 2,398409345 2,759398496
Vanuatu 0 0 0 0 0Vietnam 0 0 0 0 0
TABLE A.48: PRODUCTION OF PLATINUM IN ASIAN-PACIFIC COUNTRIES, LEADER-LAGGARD63
63 Own compilation, standardization and illustration based on data taken from US Department of the Interior and US Geological Survey (2013a) and (2013b) as well as USGS (2015).
53
Countries/Year 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012
Australia 15,49295775 0 0 0 3,2
Bangladesh 0 0 0 0 0Bhutan 0 0 0 0 0
Brunei Darussalam 0 0 0 0 0Cambodia 0 0 0 0 0
China 100 100 100 100 100Hong Kong 0 0 0 0 0
Macao 0 0 0 0 0DR Korea 0 0 0 0 0
Fiji 0 0 0 0 0French Polynesia 0 0 0 0 0
India 10,3286385 5,094339623 3,068181818 2,25 2,9Indonesia 0 0 0 0 0
Japan 0 0 0 0 0Kiribati 0 0 0 0 0Laos 0 0 0 0 0
Malaysia 2,004694836 0,788679245 0,272727273 0,316666667 0,1
Maldives 0 0 0 0 0Marshall Islands 0 0 0 0 0
Federated States of Micronesia 0 0 0 0 0
Mongolia 0 0 0 0 0Myanmar 0 0 0 0 0
Nauru 0 0 0 0 0Nepal 0 0 0 0 0
New Caledonia 0 0 0 0 0New Zealand 0 0 0 0 0
Northern Mariana Islands 0 0 0 0 0Pakistan 0 0 0 0 0
Palau 0 0 0 0 0Papua New Guinea 0 0 0 0 0
Philippines 0 0 0 0 0Republic of Korea 0 0 0 0 0
Russian Federation 37,55868545 3,773584906 0 0 2,4
Samoa 0 0 0 0 0Singapore 0 0 0 0 0
Solomon Islands 0 0 0 0 0
Sri Lanka 0,516431925 0,226415094 0 0 0
Thailand 0,417840376 0,022641509 0 0 0
Timor-Leste 0 0 0 0 0Tonga 0 0 0 0 0Tuvalu 0 0 0 0 0
United States 97,18309859 18,86792453 0 0 0,8
Vanuatu 0 0 0 0 0Vietnam 0 0 0 0 0,22
TABLE A.49: PRODUCTION OF RARE EARTH ELEMENTS IN ASIAN-PACIFIC COUNTRIES, LEADER-LAGGARD64
64 Own compilation, standardization and illustration based on data taken from US Department of the Interior and US Geological Survey (2013a) and (2013b) as well as USGS (2015).
54
Countries/Year 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012
Australia 7,936507937 8,771929825 14,82051282 17,60797342 10,48238761
Bangladesh 0 0 0 0 0Bhutan 0 0 0 0 0
Brunei Darussalam 0 0 0 0 0Cambodia 0 0 0 0 0
China 0 0 0 0 0Hong Kong 0 0 0 0 0
Macao 0 0 0 0 0DR Korea 0 0 0 0 0
Fiji 0 0 0 0 0French Polynesia 0 0 0 0 0
India 5,222222222 4,912280702 5,128205128 5,315614618 3,757837068
Indonesia 1,587301587 2,231578947 0,468864469 0,11627907 0,075156741
Japan 15,25 11,6 17,92447985 14,33222591 6,328988746
Kiribati 0 0 0 0 0Laos 0 0 0 0 0
Malaysia 2,297619048 3,333333333 1,638820513 2,388704319 2,37337078
Maldives 0 0 0 0 0Marshall Islands 0 0 0 0 0
Federated States of Micronesia 0 0 0 0 0
Mongolia 0 0 0 0 0Myanmar 0 0 0 0 0
Nauru 0 0 0 0 0Nepal 0 0 0 0 0
New Caledonia 0,123015873 0,140350877 0,146520147 0 0
New Zealand 0,285714286 0,09122807 0,22032967 0,285714286 0,197780898
Northern Mariana Islands 0 0 0 0 0Pakistan 0,535714286 0,578947368 0,63003663 0 0
Palau 0 0 0 0 0Papua New Guinea 0 0 0 0 0
Philippines 2,952380952 0,073684211 0,622710623 0,734219269 0,692233144
Republic of Korea 0,007936508 4,287719298 3,262120879 7,398671096 0,791123593
Russian Federation 0 0 0 0 0Samoa 0 0 0 0 0
Singapore 0 0 0 0 0Solomon Islands 0 0 0 0 0
Sri Lanka 0 0 0 0,23255814 0,124601966
Thailand 2,357142857 1,810526316 2,860857143 2,803986711 0,988904492
Timor-Leste 0 0 0 0 0Tonga 0 0 0 0 0Tuvalu 0 0 0 0 0
United States 100 100 100 100 100Vanuatu 0 0 0 0 0Vietnam 0 0 0 0 0
TABLE A.50: PRODUCTION OF SILICA IN ASIAN-PACIFIC COUNTRIES, LEADER-LAGGARD65
65 Own compilation, standardization and illustration based on data taken from US Department of the Interior and US Geological Survey (2013a) and (2013b) as well as USGS (2015).
55
Countries/Year 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012Australia 0 0 0 0 0
Bangladesh 0 0 0 0 0Bhutan 0 0 0 0 0
Brunei Darussalam 0 0 0 0 0Cambodia 0 0 0 0 0
China 0 0 0 0 0Hong Kong 0 0 0 0 0
Macao 0 0 0 0 0DR Korea 0 0 0 0 0
Fiji 0 0 0 0 0French Polynesia 0 0 0 0 0
India 0 0 0 0 0Indonesia 0 0 0 0 0
Japan 0 0 0 0 0Kiribati 0 0 0 0 0Laos 0 0 0 0 0
Malaysia 0 0 0 0 0Maldives 0 0 0 0 0
Marshall Islands 0 0 0 0 0Federated States of
Micronesia 0 0 0 0 0
Mongolia 0 0 0 0 0Myanmar 0 0 0 0 0
Nauru 0 0 0 0 0Nepal 0 0 0 0 0
New Caledonia 0 0 0 0 0New Zealand 0 0 0 0 0
Northern Mariana Islands 0 0 0 0 0Pakistan 0 0 0 0 0
Palau 0 0 0 0 0Papua New Guinea 0 0 0 0 0
Philippines 0 0 0 0 0Republic of Korea 0 0 0 0 0
Russian Federation 3,225806452 0 8,917197452 6,550218341 5,555555556
Samoa 0 0 0 0 0Singapore 0 0 0 0 0
Solomon Islands 0 0 0 0 0Sri Lanka 0 0 0 0 0Thailand 0 0 0 0 0
Timor-Leste 0 0 0 0 0Tonga 0 0 0 0 0Tuvalu 0 0 0 0 0
United States 100 100 21,65605096 30,96069869 29,2962963Vanuatu 0 0 0 0 0Vietnam 0 0 0 0 0
TABLE A.51: PRODUCTION OF RHENIUM IN ASIAN-PACIFIC COUNTRIES, LEADER-LAGGARD66
66 Own compilation, standardization and illustration based on data taken from US Department of the Interior and US Geological Survey (2013a) and (2013b) as well as USGS (2015).
56
Countries/Year 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012
Australia 58,0952381 41,28406122 72,36933798 53,77930564 32,2761194
Bangladesh 0 0 0 0 0Bhutan 0 0 0 0 0
Brunei Darussalam 0 0 0 0 0Cambodia 0 0 0 0 0
China 8,095238095 48,52556924 76,65505226 77,2773418 72,76119403Hong Kong 0 0 0 0 0
Macao 0 0 0 0 0
DR Korea 2,380952381 1,866368048 0,696864111 0,572424754 0
Fiji 0,047619048 0,111982083 0 0 0French Polynesia 0 0 0 0 0
India 2,238095238 1,866368048 1,81184669 2,355527863 0
Indonesia 4,761904762 8,174692049 10,24390244 7,699112942 0
Japan 8,476190476 3,247480403 2,822299652 0,15169256 0Kiribati 0 0 0 0 0Laos 0 0 0 0 0
Malaysia 0,714285714 0,37327361 0 0,085863713 0
Maldives 0 0 0 0 0Marshall Islands 0 0 0 0 0
Federated States of Micronesia 0 0 0 0 0
Mongolia 0 0 0 0 0Myanmar 0,238095238 0,074654722 0,034843206 0 0
Nauru 0 0 0 0 0Nepal 0 0 0 0 0
New Caledonia 0 0 0 0 0New Zealand 1,047619048 1,194475551 1,010452962 0,30246924 0
Northern Mariana Islands 0 0 0 0 0Pakistan 0 0 0 0 0
Palau 0 0 0 0 0
Papua New Guinea 4,523809524 1,829040687 2,195121951 1,393195988 0
Philippines 1,476190476 0,746547219 0,31358885 0,794353831 0
Republic of Korea 15,85714286 10,00373274 0,243902439 0,040069733 0
Russian Federation 38,0952381 14,93094438 13,93728223 26,0834498 27,98507463Samoa 0 0 0 0 0
Singapore 0 0 0 0 0Solomon Islands 0,333333333 0,223964166 0 0 0
Sri Lanka 0 0 0 0 0Thailand 0 0 0 0 0
Timor-Leste 0 0 0 0 0Tonga 0 0 0 0 0Tuvalu 0 0 0 0 0
United States 85,71428571 81,37364688 47,03832753 36,63518426 19,7761194
Vanuatu 0 0 0 0 0Vietnam 0 0 0 0 0
TABLE A.52: PRODUCTION OF SILVER IN ASIAN-PACIFIC COUNTRIES, LEADER-LAGGARD67
67 Own compilation, standardization and illustration based on data taken from US Department of the Interior and US Geological Survey (2013a) and (2013b) as well as USGS (2015).
57
Countries/Year 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012
Australia 100 100 100 100 93,33333333Bangladesh 0 0 0 0 0
Bhutan 0 0 0 0 0Brunei Darussalam 0 0 0 0 0
Cambodia 0 0 0 0 0China 0 0 0 0 0
Hong Kong 0 0 0 0 0Macao 0 0 0 0 0
DR Korea 0 0 0 0 0Fiji 0 0 0 0 0
French Polynesia 0 0 0 0 0India 0 0 0 0 0
Indonesia 0 0 0 0 0Japan 0 0 0 0 0Kiribati 0 0 0 0 0Laos 0 0 0 0 0
Malaysia 0 0 0 0 0Maldives 0 0 0 0 0
Marshall Islands 0 0 0 0 0Federated States of
Micronesia 0 0 0 0 0
Mongolia 0 0 0 0 0Myanmar 0 0 0 0 0
Nauru 0 0 0 0 0Nepal 0 0 0 0 0
New Caledonia 0 0 0 0 0New Zealand 0 0 0 0 0
Northern Mariana Islands 0 0 0 0 0Pakistan 0 0 0 0 0
Palau 0 0 0 0 0Papua New Guinea 0 0 0 0 0
Philippines 0 0 0 0 0Republic of Korea 0 0 0 0 0
Russian Federation 0 0 0 0 0Samoa 0 0 0 0 0
Singapore 0 0 0 0 0Solomon Islands 0 0 0 0 0
Sri Lanka 0 0 0 0 0Thailand 0,446428571 0 0 0 0
Timor-Leste 0 0 0 0 0Tonga 0 0 0 0 0Tuvalu 0 0 0 0 0
United States 0 0 0 0 0Vanuatu 0 0 0 0 0Vietnam 0 0 0 0 0
TABLE A.53: PRODUCTION OF TANTALUM IN ASIAN-PACIFIC COUNTRIES, LEADER-LAGGARD68
68 Own compilation, standardization and illustration based on data taken from US Department of the Interior and US Geological Survey (2013a) and (2013b) as well as USGS (2015).
58
Countries/Year 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012Australia 100 100 100 100 100
Bangladesh 0 0 0 0 0Bhutan 0 0 0 0 0
Brunei Darussalam 0 0 0 0 0Cambodia 0 0 0 0 0
China 7,526342198 6,805444355 34,49862006 39,07637655 71,11111111
Hong Kong 0 0 0 0 0Macao 0 0 0 0 0
DR Korea 0 0 0 0 0Fiji 0 0 0 0 0
French Polynesia 0 0 0 0 0
India 15,55444054 13,85108086 21,98712052 25,61278863 26,96296296
Indonesia 0 0 0 0 0Japan 0 0 0 0 0Kiribati 0 0 0 0 0Laos 0 0 0 0 0
Malaysia 16,95935775 6,70552442 4,877920883 2,191829485 0
Maldives 0 0 0 0 0Marshall Islands 0 0 0 0 0
Federated States of Micronesia 0 0 0 0 0
Mongolia 0 0 0 0 0Myanmar 0 0 0 0 0
Nauru 0 0 0 0 0Nepal 0 0 0 0 0
New Caledonia 0 0 0 0 0New Zealand 0 0 0 0 0
Northern Mariana Islands 0 0 0 0 0Pakistan 0 0 0 0 0
Palau 0 0 0 0 0Papua New Guinea 0 0 0 0 0
Philippines 0 0 0 0 0Republic of Korea 0 0 0 0 0
Russian Federation 0 0 0 0 0Samoa 0 0 0 0 0
Singapore 0 0 0 0 0Solomon Islands 0 0 0 0 0
Sri Lanka 1,808329152 0,838270616 0 2,676198934 2,37037037
Thailand 0,163120923 0 0 0 0Timor-Leste 0 0 0 0 0
Tonga 0 0 0 0 0Tuvalu 0 0 0 0 0
United States 0 0 18,39967801 14,20959147 22,22222222
Vanuatu 0 0 0 0 0
Vietnam 0 2,001601281 7,819687213 23,21492007 37,77777778
TABLE A.54: PRODUCTION OF TITANIUM IN ASIAN-PACIFIC COUNTRIES, LEADER-LAGGARD69
69 Own compilation, standardization and illustration based on data taken from US Department of the Interior and US Geological Survey (2013a) and (2013b) as well as USGS (2015).
59
Countries/Year 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012Australia 0,636 0 0,012704174 0,017073171 0
Bangladesh 0 0 0 0 0Bhutan 0 0 0 0 0
Brunei Darussalam 0 0 0 0 0Cambodia 0 0 0 0 0
China 100 100 100 100 100Hong Kong 0 0 0 0 0
Macao 0 0 0 0 0DR Korea 4 3,6 1,08892922 0,56097561 0
Fiji 0 0 0 0 0French Polynesia 0 0 0 0 0
India 0,044 0,004 0 0 0Indonesia 0 0 0 0 0
Japan 1,388 0 0 0 0Kiribati 0 0 0 0 0Laos 0 0 0 0 0
Malaysia 0,012 0 0 0 0Maldives 0 0 0 0 0
Marshall Islands 0 0 0 0 0Federated States of
Micronesia 0 0 0 0 0
Mongolia 0 0 0 0 0Myanmar 2,124 1,088 0,150635209 0,446341463 0
Nauru 0 0 0 0 0Nepal 0 0 0 0 0
New Caledonia 0 0 0 0 0New Zealand 0 0 0 0 0
Northern Mariana Islands 0 0 0 0 0Pakistan 0 0 0 0 0
Palau 0 0 0 0 0Papua New Guinea 0 0 0 0 0
Philippines 0 0 0 0 0Republic of Korea 0,988 0 0 0 0
Russian Federation 26 12 9,618874773 8,292682927 4,6875Samoa 0 0 0 0 0
Singapore 0 0 0 0 0Solomon Islands 0 0 0 0 0
Sri Lanka 0 0 0 0 0Thailand 0,308 0,12 0,056261343 1,163414634 0
Timor-Leste 0 0 0 0 0Tonga 0 0 0 0 0Tuvalu 0 0 0 0 0
United States 0 0 0 0 0Vanuatu 0 0 0 0 0Vietnam 0 0,84 0 0 0
TABLE A.55: PRODUCTION OF TUNGSTEN IN ASIAN-PACIFIC COUNTRIES, LEADER-LAGGARD70
70 Own compilation, standardization and illustration based on data taken from US Department of the Interior and US Geological Survey (2013a) and (2013b) as well as USGS (2015).
60
Countries/Year 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012Australia 0 0 12,12986086 0 0
Bangladesh 0 0 0 0 0Bhutan 0 0 0 0 0
Brunei Darussalam 0 0 0 0 0Cambodia 0 0 0 0 0
China 33,57142857 96,21552277 52,32489 80,89925913 100
Hong Kong 0 0 0 0 0Macao 0 0 0 0 0
DR Korea 0 0 0 0 0Fiji 0 0 0 0 0
French Polynesia 0 0 0 0 0India 0 0 0 0 0
Indonesia 0 0 0 0 0
Japan 1,75 1,571520205 1,978039402 2,384399217 1,435897436
Kiribati 0 0 0 0 0Laos 0 0 0 0 0
Malaysia 0 0 0 0 0Maldives 0 0 0 0 0
Marshall Islands 0 0 0 0 0Federated States of
Micronesia 0 0 0 0 0
Mongolia 0 0 0 0 0Myanmar 0 0 0 0 0
Nauru 0 0 0 0 0Nepal 0 0 0 0 0
New Caledonia 0 0 0 0 0New Zealand 0 0 0 0 0
Northern Mariana Islands 0 0 0 0 0Pakistan 0 0 0 0 0
Palau 0 0 0 0 0Papua New Guinea 0 0 0 0 0
Philippines 0 0 0 0 0Republic of Korea 0 0 0 0 0
Russian Federation 78,57142857 57,72931366 31,71205454 61,73890829 38,46153846
Samoa 0 0 0 0 0Singapore 0 0 0 0 0
Solomon Islands 0 0 0 0 0Sri Lanka 0 0 0 0 0Thailand 0 0 0 0 0
Timor-Leste 0 0 0 0 0Tonga 0 0 0 0 0Tuvalu 0 0 0 0 0
United States 9,642857143 0 0 0 0,697435897Vanuatu 0 0 0 0 0Vietnam 0 0 0 0 0
TABLE A.56: PRODUCTION OF VANADIUM IN ASIAN-PACIFIC COUNTRIES, LEADER-LAGGARD71
71 Own compilation, standardization and illustration based on data taken from US Department of the Interior and US Geological Survey (2013a) and (2013b) as well as USGS (2015).
61
Countries/Year 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012Australia 116,37 136,59 157,00 183,47 205,74
Bangladesh 6,29 9,12 12,60 18,72 26,71Bhutan 0,12 0,15 0,25 0,45 0,5872
Brunei Darussalam 5,66 6,02 6,75 6,63 6,13Cambodia 0,2973 0,49 1,07 2,02 2,69
China 248,07 496,86 761,62 1395,31 2255,56Hong Kong NA NA 17,16 14,80 17,70
Macao NA NA NA NA NADR Korea NA NA NA NA NA
Fiji 0,34 0,42 0,47 0,47 0,51French Polynesia NA NA NA NA NA
India 91,26 129,44 166,62 265,05 348,46Indonesia 84,06 118,40 117,83 145,58 181,80
Japan 1311,99 1312,40 1201,09 1371,79 1289,1674
Kiribati 0,01 0,01 0,01 0,01 NALaos 0,16 0,29 0,44 0,81 1,64
Malaysia 30,81 50,87 56,17 71,68 78,05Maldives NA NA 0,09 0,21 0,23
Marshall Islands NA NA NA NA NAFederated States of
Micronesia NA 0,01 0,01 0,02 0,0275
Mongolia 0,44 0,52 0,64 0,93 1,15Myanmar NA NA NA NA NA
Nepal 0,74 1,01 1,25 1,45 1,64Nauru NA NA NA NA NA
New Caledonia NA NA NA NA NANew Zealand 17,63 21,37 24,18 26,10 NA
Northern Mariana Islands NA NA NA NA NAPakistan 14,40 17,06 20,57 31,35 35,83
Palau NA NA 0,03 0,03 0,01Papua New Guinea NA NA NA NA NA
Philippines 22,05 28,58 30,50 38,58 48,14Republic of Korea 129,77 186,39 238,09 322,70 387,32
Russian Federation 247,55 156,48 200,18 273,00 280,72Samoa 0,08 0,08 0,11 0,14 0,12
Singapore 17,03 26,37 30,64 44,04 58,01Solomon Islands 0,04 0,06 0,04 0,04 NA
Sri Lanka 3,63 5,25 6,18 8,57 12,49Thailand 38,81 56,90 62,23 86,66 98,89
Timor-Leste NA NA 0,06 0,06 0,1976
Tonga 0,03 0,04 0,04 0,04 0,06Tuvalu 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00
United States 1757,31 2170,71 2406,60 2686,20 2498,3077
Vanuatu 0,03 0,03 0,03 0,04 0,05Vietnam 6,03 11,28 16,86 25,32 33,77
TABLE A.57: VALUE ADDED INDUSTRIAL OUTPUT IN BILLION (CONSTANT 2005) USD OF COUNTRIES IN ASIA-PACIFIC (IN BILLION CONSTANT 2005 USD).78
72 Data for 2011 only.73 Data for 1993 only.74 Data for 2011 only.75 Data for 2011 only.76 Data for 2011 only.77 Data for 2011 only.78 Own compilation and illustration based on data taken from World Bank (2015a).
62
Countries/Year 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012Australia 6,62 6,29 6,52 6,83 8,24
Bangladesh 0,36 0,42 0,52 0,70 1,07Bhutan 0,01 0,01 0,01 0,02 0,02
Brunei Darussalam 0,32 0,28 0,28 0,25 0,25Cambodia 0,02 0,02 0,04 0,08 0,11
China 14,12 22,89 31,65 51,94 90,28Hong Kong 0 0 0,71 0,55 0,71
- Macao 0 0 0 0 0DR Korea 0 0 0 0 0
Fiji 0,02 0,02 0,02 0,02 0,02French Polynesia 0 0 0 0 0
India 5,19 5,96 6,92 9,87 13,95Indonesia 4,78 5,45 4,90 5,42 7,28
Japan 74,66 60,46 49,91 51,07 51,60Kiribati 0 0 0 0 0Laos 0,01 0,01 0,02 0,03 0,07
Malaysia 1,75 2,34 2,33 2,67 3,12Maldives 0 0 0 0,01 0,01
Marshall Islands 0 0 0 0 0Federated States of
Micronesia 0 0 0 0 0
Mongolia 0,02 0,02 0,03 0,03 0,05Myanmar 0 0 0 0 0
Nepal 0,04 0,05 0,05 0,05 0,07Nauru 0 0 0 0 0
New Caledonia 0 0 0 0 0New Zealand 1,00 0,98 1,00 0,97 0
Northern Mariana Islands 0 0 0 0 0Pakistan 0,82 0,79 0,85 1,17 1,43
Palau 0 0 0 0 0Papua New Guinea 0 0 0 0 0
Philippines 1,25 1,32 1,27 1,44 1,93Republic of Korea 7,38 8,59 9,89 12,01 15,50
Russian Federation 14,09 7,21 8,32 10,16 11,24Samoa 0 0 0 0,01 0
Singapore 0,97 1,21 1,27 1,64 2,32Solomon Islands 0 0 0 0 0
Sri Lanka 0,21 0,24 0,26 0,32 0,50Thailand 2,21 2,62 2,59 3,23 3,96
Timor-Leste 0 0 0 0 0,01Tonga 0 0 0 0 0Tuvalu 0 0 0 0 0
United States 100,00 100,00 100,0
0 100,00 100,00
Vanuatu 0 0 0 0 0Vietnam 0,34 0,52 0,70 0,94 1,35
TABLE A.58: VALUE ADDED INDUSTRIAL OUTPUT IN BILLION (CONSTANT 2005) USD OF COUNTRIES IN ASIA-PACIFIC (IN BILLION CONSTANT 2005 USD), LEADER-LAGGARD.79
79 Own compilation, standardization and illustration based on data taken from ibid.63
Countries/Year 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012Australia 8096810 19377207 14697041 6755779 17656048
Bangladesh -1475200 -1411860 -1635782 4038397 -3112314Bhutan80 -15915 -21163 -2310 -6830 -16074
Brunei Darussalam81 100 190 116 0 10Cambodia NA 11000 15681 27222 15744
China -11614372 -2844237 -1078989 903305 -2572480Hong Kong -166000 -57000 -400000 -33400 -80458
Macao82 NA NA NA NA NADR Korea83 -45876 -72000 -106795 -136061 -102898
Fiji84 0 -206 -164 -850 -959French Polynesia85 -142491 -18527 -8602 -6289 -2778
India -1326946 -1485781 3632104 -2677596 499876Indonesia86 -2456438 -3611913 -4270734 -4575336 -5604861
Japan87 -5979327 -6315254 -5862815 -5275086 -6214220Kiribati88 1 0 0 0 0Laos89 0 0 0 0 0
Malaysia -1 -3 0 -2 -4Maldives90 -926122 -1068300 -2096733 2151034 -1134751
Marshall Islands NA 1 3 5 2Federated States of Micronesia NA NA NA NA NA
Mongolia 1400 -17273 -139284 -91840 -7402Myanmar91 0 4857 31678 90270 -149710
Nauru92 0 0 0 0 0Nepal93 -25000 0 -10000 -113 -824
New Caledonia94 -17423 -26568 -27143 -29437 -32198New Zealand -135435 -215903 -332653 -342880 -311777
Northern Mariana Islands NA NA NA NA NAPakistan 95 -2018165 -2500203 375403 322922 2065581
Palau NA NA NA NA NAPapua New Guinea -66000 -127000 -135000 -155593 -165644
Philippines -1745098 -2398828 -3099749 -1795865 -2766569Republic of Korea96 -3546304 -3325264 -3861349 -3178716 -4671334Russian Federation -17593008 -1599699 9994492 13978671 15065810
Samoa97 0 0 0 0 0Singapore -217746 -133061 -140130 -168897 -170075
Solomon Islands98 -5000 -102000 -5246 -13989 -15907Sri Lanka99 -783000 -872748 -1084330 -972103 -1303320Thailand -484084 -546248 -877159 -852808 -1426199
Timor-Leste NA NA NA NA NATonga 100 0 0 1 1 0Tuvalu NA NA NA NA NA
United States 32402423 23551745 22330173 30601278 30790817Vanuatu101 0 0 0 0 0Vietnam -29780 -251000 -702000 -1222000 -2421217
TABLE A.59: NET IMPORT AND EXPORT OF WHEAT IN BARRELS FOR SELECTED YEARS.102
80 2002, 2007: No export data available.81 1992: No export data available.82 2002: No import data available.83 Estimates, no export data available.84 1992, 2002: No export data available.85 No export data available.86 No export data available.87 1992: No export data available.88 No export data available.89 No export data available.90 No export data available, 1992: No import data available.91 1992: No import data available, 1997: No export data available.92 No export data available.93 1992: No export data available.94 1992: No export data available.95 1992: No export data available.96 1992, 2007: No export data available.97 1992: No export data available.98 No export data available.99 1992: No export data available.100 No export data available.101 No export data available.102 Own compilation and illustration based on data taken from FAO (2015a) and (2015b).
64
Countries/Year 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012
Australia 51,384 86,023 72,92
5 33,534 64,505
Bangladesh 32,239 16,417 14,99
3 25,960 8,382
Bhutan 35,157 21,074 20,78
7 14,684 16,749
Brunei Darussalam 35,189 21,145 20,79
6 14,704 16,793
Cambodia 0,000 21,181 20,851 14,779 16,835
China 11,958 11,622 16,96
8 17,221 9,841
DR Korea 34,857 20,954 19,37
7 14,610 16,575
Federated States of Micronesia 0 0 0 0 0
Fiji 35,097 20,904 20,41
6 14,324 16,515
French Polynesia 35,189 21,144 20,79
5 14,701 16,790
Hong Kong 34,904 21,083 20,76
5 14,686 16,785
India 32,535 16,170 33,67
8 7,240 18,144
Indonesia 30,276 9,051 5,647 1,950 1,647
Japan 23,229 0 0 0 0
Kiribati 35,189 21,145 20,79
5 14,704 16,793
Laos 35,189 21,145 20,79
5 14,704 16,793
Macao 35,189 21,145 20,79
5 14,704 16,793
Malaysia 33,337 17,568 13,35
8 20,699 13,726
Maldives 0 21,145 20,795 14,704 16,793
Marshall Islands 0 0 0 0 0
Mongolia 35,192 21,087 20,30
1 14,448 16,773
Myanmar 35,189 21,161 20,90
8 14,955 16,388
Nauru 35,189 21,145 20,79
5 14,704 16,793
Nepal 35,139 21,145 20,76
0 14,703 16,791
New Caledonia 35,154 21,056 20,69
9 14,621 16,706
New Zealand 34,918 20,422 19,61
5 13,748 15,950
Northern Mariana Islands 0 0 0 0 0
Pakistan 31,153 12,773 22,12
7 15,604 22,375
Palau 0 0 0 0 0
Papua New Guinea 35,057 20,719 20,31
6 14,270 16,345
Philippines 31,699 13,113 9,801 9,698 9,317
Republic of Korea 28,096 10,011 7,099 5,843 4,169
Russian Federation 0,000 15,789 56,246 53,667 57,506
Samoa 35,189 21,145 20,79
5 14,704 16,793
Singapore 34,75 20,699 20,29 14,233 16,333
65
4 8
Solomon Islands 35,179 20,803 20,77
7 14,665 16,750
Sri Lanka 33,623 18,222 16,94
9 11,994 13,271
Thailand 34,221 19,316 17,68
4 12,326 12,939
Timor-Leste 0 0 0 0 0
Tonga 35,189 21,145 20,79
5 14,704 16,793
Tuvalu 0 0 0 0 0United States 100 100 100 100 100
Vanuatu 35,189 21,145 20,79
5 14,704 16,793
Vietnam 35,130 20,304 18,30
5 11,297 10,250
TABLE A.60: NET IMPORT AND EXPORT OF WHEAT IN BARRELS FOR SELECTED YEARS. LEADER-LAGGARD.103
103 Own compilation, standardization and illustration based on data taken from ibid.66
Countries/Year 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012Australia 478953 604312 257140 65856 117871
Bangladesh -17724 -178816 -942798 -597298 -1E+06
Bhutan -19567 -28983 -13907 -7233 -54507Brunei Darussalam -28000 -33291 -34231 -33740 -28779
Cambodia -81000 -24000 -64895 -45918 -161917China 553250 311890 1E+06 341176 -558221
Hong Kong -348670 -336458 -331331 -
340168 -339724
Macao -25361 -24676 -24969 -31838 -27127
DR Korea -310000 -327320 -833475 -
784937 -98738
Fiji -29957 -51200 -23745 -29892 -31129French Polynesia -7209 -9500 -9874 -9892 -10048
India 478017 2E+06 5E+06 6E+06 5E+06
Indonesia -567075 -329250 -2E+06 -1E+06 -3E+06
Japan -17861 -517081 -626167 -623947 -716508
Kiribati104 -5191 -5046 -4500 -4317 -10568Laos105 -7014 -19927 -26400 -24628 -17071
Malaysia -444041 -629934 -493399 -
778670 -1E+06
Maldives106 -10000 -11773 -18251 -20356 -23710Marshall Islands NA NA NA NA NA
Federated States of Micronesia NA NA NA NA NA
Mongolia -4500 -7693 -18087 -28333 -14175Myanmar 198800 25668 777500 355546 221163Nauru107 0 0 -44 0 -3
Nepal -25000 -29500 -17557 -226260 -160800
New Caledonia -9090 -8319 -9408 -9328 9903New Zealand -16671 -24671 -35012 -39036 -31097
Northern Mariana Islands NA NA NA NA NAPakistan 2E+06 2E+06 2E+06 3E+06 3E+06
Palau NA NA NA NA NA
Papua New Guinea -149797 -168000 -182174 -
178137 -60787
Philippines 34466 -722397 -1E+06 -2E+06 -706076
Republic of Korea -903 -21650 -136187 -241232 -527,8
Russian Federation -588536 -360739 -458170 -
220395 -58273
Samoa -5000 -7000 -6000 -2701 -25000
Singapore -233417 -273704 -486399 -
249497 -275521
Solomon Islands -13084 -24000 -16018 -35706 -27235
Sri Lanka -236454 -304050 -92859 -
124208 -31622
Thailand 5E+06 6E+06 7E+06 9E+06 1E+07Timor-Leste -18000 -26500 -31500 -26508 -14061
Tonga108 -277 -241 -267 -402 -4Tuvalu109 -400 -1050 -1609 -58 0
United States 2E+06 2E+06 -3E+06 2E+06 3E+06Vanuatu110 -7975 -11000 -13000 -10915 -11277Vietnam 2E+06 4E+06 3E+06 5E+06 7E+06
104 No export data available.105 No export data available.106 No export data available.107 No export data available.108 No export data available.109 No export data available.110 No export data available.
67
TABLE A.61: NET IMPORT AND EXPORT OF RICE IN BARRELS FOR SELECTED YEARS.111
111 Own compilation and illustration based on data taken from FAO (2015a).68
Countries/Year 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012Australia 18,62 21,144 30,26 17,059 21,353
Bangladesh 9,9568 8,663 18,42
4 11,012 10,72
Bhutan 9,9246 11,051 27,58
7 16,393 20,067
Brunei Darussalam 9,7775 10,982 27,38
6 16,151 20,259
Cambodia 8,853 11,13 27,084 16,04 19,266
China 19,916 16,483 41,22
8 19,569 16,309
Hong Kong 4,184 6,1507 24,456 13,357 17,939
Macao 9,8236 11,12 27,47
8 16,168 20,271
DR Korea 4,8586 6,2963 19,50
3 9,3012 19,737
Fiji 9,7434 10,697 27,49 16,186 20,241
French Polynesia 10,14 11,361 27,627 16,368 20,399
India 18,604 49,582 77,55
8 75,261 57,797
Indonesia 0,3743 6,2656 10,10
3 3,6734 0
Japan 9,9544 3,2721 21,54
8 10,769 15,128
Kiribati 10,175 11,432 27,68 16,419 20,395
Laos 10,144 11,195 27,46
4 16,234 20,346
Malaysia 2,5205 1,4736 22,85
7 9,3584 12,787
Maldives 10,092 11,325 27,54
4 16,273 20,297
Marshall Islands 0 0 0 0 0Federated States of
Micronesia 0 0 0 0 0
Mongolia 10,187 11,39 27,54
6 16,2 20,368
Myanmar 13,734 11,922 35,39
3 19,7 22,123
Nauru 10,266 11,513 27,72
3 16,458 20,473
Nepal 9,8299 11,043 27,55
1 14,395 19,274
New Caledonia 10,107 11,38 27,63
1 16,373 20,547
New Zealand 9,9751 11,12 27,37
9 16,103 20,241
Northern Mariana Islands 0 0 0 0 0
Pakistan 36,637 39,673 44,20
1 44,962 45,773
Palau 0 0 0 0 0
Papua New Guinea 7,653 8,8354 25,927 14,834 20,02
Philippines 10,867 0 15,92
5 0 15,206
Republic of Korea 10,25 11,168 26,381 14,259 20,47
Russian Federation 0 5,7637 23,205 14,449 20,039
Samoa 10,179 11,401 27,66
5 16,434 20,287
Singapore 6,1944 7,1508 22,92
6 14,184 18,418
69
Solomon Islands 10,038 11,13 27,56
6 16,133 20,27
Sri Lanka 6,1414 6,6672 26,80
8 15,326 20,238
Thailand 100 100 100 100 100
Timor-Leste 9,952 11,09 27,413 16,217 20,369
Tonga 10,261 11,509 27,72
1 16,455 20,473
Tuvalu 10,259 11,496 27,70
8 16,458 20,473
United States 44,523 41,777 0 37,23 39,634
Vanuatu 10,127 11,337 27,59
6 16,359 20,389
Vietnam 44,177 68,484 59,29
7 58,274 73,51
TABLE A.62: NET IMPORT AND EXPORT OF RICE IN BARREL. LEADER-LAGGARD.112
112 Own compilation, standardization and illustration based on data taken from ibid.70
Countries/Year 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012Australia 2265895 4235739 3429669 2901599 1790012
Bangladesh -76524 -207196 -459691 -1145611 -1520989Bhutan -3397 -3711 -1741 -449 -2962
Brunei Darussalam -5979 -5648 -10850 -11808 -13675Cambodia -6631 -57107 -281402 -221260 -17970
China 493556 -773614 -1371256 -1512033 -3620347Hong Kong -169755 -203321 -163663 -184968 -189304
Macao -6860 -6262 -5943 -7418 -7620DR Korea -86960 -47828 -43023 -95397 -101996
Fiji 362389 305711 281614 209471 104814French Polynesia -8268 -8498 -8448 -7944 -9105
India 424173 -178765 1744893 4879202 2803872Indonesia -355302 -1234614 -1028041 -3169125 -2513111
Japan -1831250 -1701794 -1475468 -1525851 -1536398Kiribati -2771 -3388 -6539 -5004 -5762Laos -14131 -22949 -27810 -22832 -50885
Malaysia -643946 -1031212 -908638 -1230213 -1495860Maldives -8153 -10123 -11515 -10713 -10174
Marshall Islands NA NA NA NA NAFederated States of Micronesia NA NA NA NA NA
Mongolia -45437 -11627 -27313 -36984 -31121Myanmar -13392 5977 13930 -6276 -75708
Nauru -174 -326 -388 -200 -170Nepal -17392 -32610 -8459 -9652 -17882
New Caledonia -6453 -6918 -6308 -8375 -8770New Zealand -179602 -220488 -242927 -207397 -174464
Northern Mariana Islands NA NA NA NA NAPakistan -127276 -448980 -77452 -682727 -118874
Palau NA NA NA NA NAPapua New Guinea 2618 -3158 11902 -12915 -36536
Philippines 191587 122293 -92697 215402 548178Republic of Korea -944994 -1148917 -1195433 -1125248 -1257346
Russian Federation -5240273 -3511113 -4386053 -3212475 -2308946Samoa -5315 -4631 -9127 -8252 -8536
Singapore -231944 -281903 -348245 -299095 -265013Solomon Islands -2433 -3114 -3362 -3967 -3938
Sri Lanka -373344 -545206 -611127 -709186 -612808Thailand 3868768 416986 4204508 4609806 6714938
Timor-Leste -2174 -2718 -4348 -12609 -6531Tonga -2374 -2293 -1648 -1963 -2323Tuvalu 0 0 -398 -508 -468
United States -1432066 -2806987 -1289556 -1616541 -3207832Vanuatu -1663 -2474 -2881 -3754 -2400Vietnam -30161 -61959 -8304 -26501 -388451
TABLE A.63: NET IMPORT AND EXPORT OF SUGAR IN BARRELS.113
113 Own compilation and illustration based on data taken from ibid.71
Countries/Year 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012
Australia 82,403 100,000 90,980 75,560 52,348
Bangladesh 56,688 42,649 45,706 25,543 20,313Bhutan 57,491 45,275 51,036 39,695 35,000
Brunei Darussalam 57,463 45,250 50,930 39,555 34,897Cambodia 57,455 44,586 47,781 36,967 34,855
China 62,947 35,337 35,094 21,015 0,000Hong Kong 55,665 42,699 49,152 37,415 33,197
Macao 57,453 45,242 50,987 39,609 34,955DR Korea 56,574 44,706 50,556 38,522 34,042
Fiji 61,507 49,269 54,335 42,290 36,043French Polynesia 57,437 45,213 50,958 39,603 34,941
India 62,185 43,016 71,368 100,000 62,158Indonesia 53,628 29,386 39,090 0,536 10,713
Japan 37,425 23,356 33,881 20,844 20,163Kiribati 57,498 45,279 50,981 39,639 34,973Laos 57,373 45,027 50,733 39,419 34,537
Malaysia 50,459 32,012 40,479 24,498 20,556Maldives 57,439 45,192 50,923 39,569 34,931
Marshall Islands 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000Federated States of
Micronesia 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000
Mongolia 57,029 45,173 50,739 39,244 34,728Myanmar 57,381 45,400 51,219 39,623 34,296
Nauru 57,526 45,319 51,052 39,699 35,027Nepal 57,337 44,902 50,958 39,582 34,856
New Caledonia 57,457 45,234 50,983 39,597 34,944New Zealand 55,557 42,477 48,229 37,138 33,341
Northern Mariana Islands 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000Pakistan 56,131 39,527 50,155 31,264 33,879
Palau 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000Papua New Guinea 57,557 45,282 51,195 39,541 34,675
Philippines 59,632 46,902 49,978 42,363 40,333Republic of Korea 47,154 30,492 37,141 25,795 22,863
Russian Federation 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 12,689Samoa 57,470 45,263 50,950 39,599 34,946
Singapore 54,982 41,684 47,003 36,005 32,465Solomon Islands 57,502 45,283 51,018 39,652 34,991
Sri Lanka 53,430 38,285 43,943 30,937 29,100Thailand 100,000 50,706 100,000 96,671 100,000
Timor-Leste 57,504 45,288 51,006 39,545 34,966Tonga 57,502 45,293 51,037 39,677 35,007Tuvalu 57,528 45,323 51,052 39,695 35,024
United States 41,807 9,089 36,045 19,723 3,991Vanuatu 57,510 45,291 51,023 39,655 35,006Vietnam 57,197 44,523 50,960 39,373 31,271
TABLE A.64: NET IMPORT AND EXPORT OF SUGAR IN BARRELS. LEADER-LAGGARD.114
114 Own compilation, standardization and illustration based on data taken from ibid.72
Countries/Year 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012 (2011)Australia 11444 7764 70631 817 41049
Bangladesh 0 -13344 -217713 -223145 -529259Bhutan115 -1405 -2164 -10000 -5533 -9399
Brunei Darussalam116 -8,5 -4998 -2631 -145 -5401Cambodia117 6000 995 -162 77530 4510
China 4934750 815308 6558755 335876 -5793972Hong Kong118 -50056 -15510 -53241 -51267 -28717
Macao -107 -2 0 -11 0DR Korea119 -586500 -654000 -408000 -71388 -148415
Fiji120 -3470 -1900 -45 -79 -12French Polynesia121 -4800 6274 -5201 -5299 -3429
India122 425 1605 78068 2723442 3939841Indonesia 93819 -1079397 -1137757 -600213 -3194940
Japan123 -16382338 -16097484 -16420530 -16627581 -15284561
Kiribati124 0 0 -22 -1 -2Laos 5000 140 -12218 21630 202091
Malaysia -1811387 -2733600 -2391848 -2657319 -2859141Maldives125 0 -29 -9 -13 -16
Marshall Islands NA NA NA NA NAFederated States of
Micronesia NA NA NA NA NA
Mongolia126 0 0 0 -36 -1000Myanmar 44400 49200 217427 159447 139151
Nauru NA NA NA NA NANepal127 0 -329 -1643 -58956 -194738
New Caledonia128 -2894 -1044 -790 -254 -3510New Zealand 7816 -286 -20665 -7997 -549
Northern Mariana Islands NA NA NA NA NAPakistan129 -25734 -2750 -2984 -5860 236310
Palau NA NA NA NA NAPapua New Guinea -3500 -500 -596 -117 -295
Philippines -563 -302591 -277879 -151946 -66181Republic of Korea -6612233 -8312573 -9112502 -8578913 -7758598
Russian Federation -5489384 -282337 -447100 -40459 607402Samoa130 -220 -3 -2 -12 27Singapore -98574 -59814 -35909 -9774 -20997
Solomon Islands131 0 0 -29 -34 -36Sri Lanka132 -34843 -90237 -94595 -78757 -8243
Thailand -300009 -181607 137143 281033 186060Timor-Leste133 0 0 0 -5000 -3822
Tonga134 -1 -1 -1 -3 0Tuvalu NA NA NA NA NA
United States 42892009 41491020 47385505 56680022 45247772Vanuatu135 -6 0 0 -11 -8Vietnam 69323 45300 -295226 -535356 -877085
TABLE A.65: NET IMPORT AND EXPORT OF MAIZE IN BARRELS.136
115 2002, 2007: No export data available.116 1992: No export data available.117 1992: No import data available.118 1992: No export data available, 2002: No import data available.119 1992: No export data available.120 1992: No export data available.121 No export data available.122 1992: No import data available.123 1997: No import data available.124 No export data available.125 No export data available.126 No export data available.127 1997, 2002: No export data available.128 1992: No export data available, 2002: No import data available.129 1992: No export data available, 2002: No import data available.130 No export data available.131 No export data available.132 2002: No export data available.133 No export data available.134 No export data available.135 1992: No export data available, 1997: No import data available.136 Own compilation and illustration based on data taken from FAO (2015a).
73
Countries/Year 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012Australia 27,657 27,966 25,846 22,683 25,318
Bangladesh 27,638 27,929 25,394 22,378 24,376Bhutan 27,636 27,949 25,719 22,674 25,235
Brunei Darussalam 27,638 27,944 25,731 22,682 25,241Cambodia 27,648 27,954 25,735 22,788 25,258
China 35,963 29,368 36,014 23,140 15,679Hong Kong 27,554 27,926 25,652 22,612 25,203
Macao 27,638 27,953 25,735 22,682 25,250DR Korea 26,649 26,817 25,096 22,585 25,005
Fiji 27,632 27,949 25,735 22,682 25,250French Polynesia 27,630 27,963 25,727 22,675 25,245
India 27,639 27,955 25,857 26,397 31,759Indonesia 27,796 26,078 23,952 21,863 19,972
Japan 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000Kiribati 27,638 27,953 25,735 22,682 25,250Laos 27,647 27,953 25,716 22,711 25,584
Malaysia 24,582 23,206 21,986 19,057 20,527Maldives 27,638 27,953 25,735 22,682 25,250
Marshall Islands 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000Federated States of
Micronesia 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000
Mongolia 27,638 27,953 25,735 22,682 25,249Myanmar 27,713 28,038 26,076 22,899 25,480
Nauru 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000Nepal 27,638 27,952 25,732 22,602 24,929
New Caledonia 27,633 27,951 25,734 22,682 25,244New Zealand 27,651 27,952 25,703 22,671 25,249
Northern Mariana Islands 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000Pakistan 27,595 27,948 25,730 22,674 25,641
Palau 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000Papua New Guinea 27,632 27,952 25,734 22,682 25,250
Philippines 27,637 27,427 25,300 22,475 25,141Republic of Korea 16,483 13,518 11,454 10,979 12,433
Russian Federation 18,377 27,462 25,034 22,627 26,254Samoa 27,638 27,953 25,735 22,682 25,250
Singapore 27,472 27,849 25,679 22,669 25,216Solomon Islands 27,638 27,953 25,735 22,682 25,250
Sri Lanka 27,579 27,796 25,587 22,574 25,237Thailand 27,132 27,637 25,950 23,065 25,558
Timor-Leste 27,638 27,953 25,735 22,675 25,244Tonga 27,638 27,953 25,735 22,682 25,250Tuvalu 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000
United States 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000
Vanuatu 27,638 27,953 25,735 22,682 25,250Vietnam 27,755 28,031 25,272 21,952 23,801
TABLE A.66: NET IMPORT AND EXPORT OF MAIZE IN BARRELS. LEADER-LAGGARD.137
137 Own compilation, standardization and illustration based on data taken from ibid.74
Countries/Year 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012Australia -60615 -53010 6502 -7943 674
Bangladesh138 NA 0 0 -140340 -129100Bhutan 171 105 0 0 -13
Brunei Darussalam -260 -161 -674 -237 -249Cambodia 10000 5460 -663 20437 7259
China -1719470 -5469661 -13593760
-32718060 -54615278
Hong Kong -22508 -21809 -20497 -23862 -24458Macao -308 -175 -720 -656 -530
DR Korea139 -46200 -26000 -89343 -43332 -26400Fiji140 0 0 4 -3 -13
French Polynesia141 -15 -14 -9 -15 -5India142 0 11372 1715 7431 30435
Indonesia -690222 -616369 -1365018 -2238923 -2088069Japan -4725248 -5056861 -5038837 -4159509 -2830758Kiribati NA NA NA NA NALaos 600 100 48 195 215
Malaysia -502264 -458400 -633920 -480692 -608658Maldives143 0 0 0 0 -2
Marshall Islands NA NA NA NA NAFederated States of
Micronesia NA NA NA NA NA
Mongolia144 0 0 0 -3 13Myanmar145 3700 440 2031 4200 5000
Nauru NA NA NA NA NANepal146 NA 0 -677 -318 -71411
New Caledonia 0 -19 -22 -14 -7New Zealand -366 -420 -746 -1,056 -730
Northern Mariana Islands NA NA NA NA NAPakistan147 0 -18500 -257112 0 -3
Palau NA NA NA NA NAPapua New Guinea148 -60 0 -551 0 0
Philippines149 -51893 -111052 -264110 -166679 -51642Republic of Korea -1289377 -1567588 -1474648 -1185047 -1147421
Russian Federation -211475 84885 -64304 -108874 -885990Samoa NA NA NA NA NA
Singapore150 -22525 -30729 -19477 -18095 -18804Solomon Islands151 0 0 0 0 -9
Sri Lanka152 -214 -200 -3511 -17 -49Thailand -157266 -869068 -1527722 -1538177 -1993126
Timor-Leste NA NA NA NA NATonga153 0 0 -2 0 0Tuvalu NA NA NA NA NA
United States 19810436
26095025 27323413 29564479 33941183
Vanuatu154 0 0 0 -1 -1Vietnam 7773 21700 -1250 -49024 -874742
138 No export data available.139 1992: No export data available.140 2011: No export data available.141 No export data available.142 1992: No import data available.143 No export data available, 2007: No import data available.144 No export data available.145 No import data available.146 2011: No export data available.147 1992: No import data available.148 No export data available.149 1992: No export data available.150 1997: No export data available.151 No export data available.152 1997: No export data available, 2007, 2011: No import data available.153 No export data available.154 No export data available.
75
TABLE A.67: NET IMPORT AND EXPORT OF SOYBEANS IN BARRELS.155
155 Own compilation and illustration based on data taken from FAO (2015a).76
Countries/Year 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012
Australia 19,012 17,160 33,23
9 52,519 61,674
Bangladesh 0 17,328 33,223 52,306 61,527
Bhutan 19,259 17,329 33,22
3 52,532 61,673
Brunei Darussalam 19,258 17,328 33,22
1 52,531 61,673
Cambodia 19,299 17,346 33,22
1 52,564 61,681
China 12,251 0 0 0 0
Hong Kong 19,167 17,259 33,17
3 52,493 61,645
Macao 19,257 17,328 33,22
1 52,531 61,672
DR Korea 19,070 17,246 33,00
4 52,462 61,643
Fiji 19,259 17,328 33,22
3 52,532 61,673
French Polynesia 19,259 17,328 33,22
3 52,532 61,673
India 19,259 17,364 33,22
7 52,544 61,707
Indonesia 16,446 15,376 29,88
7 48,937 59,315
Japan 0 1,308 20,908 45,853 58,476
Kiribati 0 0 0 0 0
Laos 19,261 17,329 33,22
3 52,532 61,673
Malaysia 17,212 15,876 31,67
3 51,760 60,986
Maldives 19,259 17,328 33,22
3 52,532 61,673
Marshall Islands 0 0 0 0 0Federated States of
Micronesia 0 0 0 0 0
Mongolia 19,259 17,328 33,22
3 52,532 61,673
Myanmar 19,274 17,330 33,22
8 52,538 61,678
Nauru 0 0 0 0 0
Nepal 0 17,328 33,221 52,531 61,592
New Caledonia 19,259 17,328 33,22
3 52,532 61,673
New Zealand 19,257 17,327 33,22
1 52,532 61,672
Northern Mariana Islands 0 0 0 0 0
Pakistan 19,259 17,270 32,59
4 52,532 61,673
Palau 0 0 0 0 0
Papua New Guinea 19,258 17,328 33,22
1 52,532 61,673
Philippines 19,047 16,977 32,57
7 52,264 61,615
Republic of Korea 14,004 12,362 29,61
9 50,629 60,377
Russian Federation 18,397 17,597 33,06
5 52,357 60,672
Samoa 0 0 0 0 0
Singapore 19,167 17,231 33,17
5 52,503 61,652
Solomon Islands 19,259 17,328 33,22
3 52,532 61,673
77
Sri Lanka 19,258 17,328 33,21
4 52,532 61,673
Thailand 18,618 14,575 29,48
9 50,062 59,422
Timor-Leste 0 0 0 0 0
Tonga 19,259 17,328 33,22
3 52,532 61,673
Tuvalu 0 0 0 0 0United States 100 100 100 100 100
Vanuatu 19,259 17,328 33,22
3 52,532 61,673
Vietnam 19,290 17,397 33,22
0 52,453 60,685
TABLE A.68: NET IMPORT AND EXPORT OF SOYBEANS IN BARRELS. LEADER-LAGGARD.156
156 Own compilation, standardization and illustration based on data taken from ibid.78
Countries/Year 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012Australia -1693 -815 -313 -5524 -14207
Bangladesh157 0 -1 36 -28 12517Bhutan158 -822 -1081 -400 -160 -1420
Brunei Darussalam159 -20 -542 -598 -40 -41Cambodia160 NA -24 -4084 -1985 -672
China -1051 -4682 -6209 12991 7615Hong Kong -67 -5918 -172 -396 -820
Macao -278 -74 -140 -63 -114
DR Korea161 -3 -186 -25100 -1100 -290
Fiji -1 -4 -637 -1723 -18166French Polynesia162 -10 -7 -27 -22 -96
India 7772 -1744 -2846 5350 -6155Indonesia 4336 307 1693 436 5853
Japan -9001 -5602 -5039 -7424 -6786Kiribati163 -28 -33 -130 -2 -2Laos164 NA -50 -10 -230 -110
Malaysia 30 -120 1011 -4549 -13956Maldives165 -25 -3313 -4006 -6180 -6806
Marshall Islands NA NA NA NA NAFederated States of
Micronesia NA NA NA NA NA
Mongolia166 0 8 -2 -264 -150Myanmar167 NA -40 -85 -657 7
Nauru168 NA 0 -2 0 -4Nepal 0 -27 -1215 4472 1321
New Caledonia169 -20 -12 0 0 0New Zealand -213 -837 -866 -2100 -2399
Northern Mariana Islands NA NA NA NA NAPakistan -2811 -1831 -3056 1692 954
Palau NA NA NA NA NAPapua New Guinea170 -1100 0 -108 -1 0
Philippines171 -49 -361 -601 -711 -17660Republic of Korea -153 -211 -977 -25755 -20658
Russian Federation -250 -8123 116 -282 -1239Samoa172 -10 -70 -70 -13 -28
Singapore -3690 -10476 -13518 -14344 -12334
Solomon Islands173 0 -20 -403 -59 -210Sri Lanka -522 -99 -112 -5550 -1170Thailand 12 -5 -154 0 0
Timor-Leste174 -650 -900 -1200 -1200 -26Tonga NA 0 -89 -39 -19
Tuvalu175 NA 0 -1 -1 -8United States 2944 3461 77207 95426 98824
Vanuatu -34 -200 -200 -269 -116
157 1992: No export data available.158 1997: No export data available.159 1992: No export data available.160 No export data available.161 No export data available.162 1992: No export data available.163 No export data available.164 No export data available.165 No export data available.166 2007: No export data available.167 1997: No export data available.168 No export data available.169 No export data available.170 No export data available.171 1992: No export data available.172 1992: No export data available.173 No export data available.174 No export data available.175 No export data available.
79
Vietnam NA NA NA NA NA
TABLE A.69: NET IMPORT AND EXPORT OF VEGETABLE OIL IN BARRELS.176
Countries/Year 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012
Australia 43,570 69,319 24,22
8 16,695 5,399
Bangladesh 53,664 75,160 24,56
9 21,230 27,766
Bhutan 48,763 67,410 24,14
3 21,121 16,101
Brunei Darussalam 53,544 71,278 23,94
9 21,220 17,255
Cambodia 0,000 74,995 20,542 19,615 16,727
China 47,398 41,573 18,46
5 31,974 23,663
Hong Kong 53,264 32,704 24,36
6 20,927 16,603
Macao 52,006 74,636 24,39
7 21,201 17,194
DR Korea 53,646 73,832 0 20,346 17,047
Fiji 53,658 75,138 23,91
1 19,831 2,086
French Polynesia 53,604 75,117 24,50
8 21,235 17,209
India 100 62,653 21,752 25,668 12,138
Indonesia 79,515 77,370 26,18
9 21,613 22,188
Japan 0,000 34,972 19,609 15,127 11,610
Kiribati 53,497 74,930 24,40
7 21,252 17,288
Laos 0,000 74,808 24,524 21,064 17,198
Malaysia 53,842 74,306 25,52
2 17,499 5,609
Maldives 53,515 51,396 20,61
8 16,154 11,593
Marshall Islands 0 0 0 0 0Federated States of
Micronesia 0 0 0 0 0
Mongolia 53,664 75,224 24,53
2 21,035 17,164
Myanmar 0 74,880 24,451 20,711 17,295
Nauru 0 75,167 24,532 21,253 17,286
Nepal 53,664 74,973 23,34
6 24,944 18,395
New Caledonia 53,544 75,081 24,53
4 21,253 17,290
New Zealand 52,394 69,161 23,68
8 19,520 15,282
Northern Mariana Islands 0 0 0 0 0
Pakistan 36,905 62,029 21,54
7 22,650 18,088
Palau 0 0 0 0 0
Papua New Guinea 47,105 75,167 24,42
8 21,253 17,290
Philippines 53,371 72,577 23,94
7 20,667 2,509
Republic of Korea 52,751 73,653 23,57
9 0 0
176 Own compilation and illustration based on data taken from FAO (2015a).80
Russian Federation 52,173 16,883 24,64
7 21,021 16,253
Samoa 53,604 74,665 24,46
6 21,243 17,266
Singapore 31,664 0,000 11,32
1 9,416 6,967
Solomon Islands 53,664 75,023 24,14
0 21,205 17,114
Sri Lanka 50,551 74,456 24,42
5 16,673 16,310
Thailand 53,735 75,131 24,38
3 21,253 17,290
Timor-Leste 49,788 68,709 23,36
1 20,263 17,268
Tonga 0,000 75,167 24,447 21,221 17,274
Tuvalu 0,000 75,167 24,533 21,253 17,283
United States 71,216 100 100 100 100
Vanuatu 53,461 73,732 24,33
9 21,031 17,193
Vietnam 0 0 0 0 0
TABLE A.70: NET IMPORT AND EXPORT OF VEGETABLE OIL IN BARRELS. LEADER-LAGGARD.177
177 Own compilation, standardization and illustration based on data taken from ibid.81
Countries/Year 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012 (2011)
Australia 1256072 1371138 1587409 1593729 1323317Bangladesh -293 -374 -180 -442 -111
Bhutan -116 -46 -46 -26 -3023Brunei Darussalam -9759 -9689 -3065 -5767 -8026
Cambodia 0 -76 -96 -528 -519China 99627 -46071 -573828 -950775 -1636931
Hong Kong -333076 -474995 -514995 -669216 -1150287Macao -14683 -15152 -19522 -36832 -45316
DR Korea -9068 -2486 -29230 -1168 -1248Fiji -13196 -12045 -10228 -9891 -6861
French Polynesia -18580 -20485 -25497 -29292 -29663India 88717 184628 306166 497588 1006395
Indonesia -3765 -31888 -8257 -61026 -81732Japan -1614304 -2239210 -2578210 -2661927 -2982488Kiribati -768 -1156 -1755 -4428 -2198Laos -135 -22 -18 -11 -1
Malaysia -73097 -109481 -180812 -192453 -195495Maldives -721 -2929 -4133 -7734 -10997
Marshall Islands NA NA NA NA NAFederated States of Micronesia NA NA NA NA NA
Mongolia 12700 7623 23026 10143Myanmar 0 -406 -1098 -317 -9139
Nauru -674 -640 -376 -102 -78Nepal 2 -20 -132 -137 2344
New Caledonia -8476 -10609 -11031 -15283 -18477New Zealand 822875 810274 760598 833192 629764
Northern Mariana Islands NA NA NA NA NAPakistan 182 184 2701 2061 40524
Palau NA NA NA NA NAPapua New Guinea -59836 -46157 -30957 -37417 -37747
Philippines -20372 -107744 -156185 -187280 -290630Republic of Korea -210478 -254517 -614706 -753654 -1102722
Russian Federation -865517 -2659918 -2652744 -2899747 -1968743Samoa -7101 -5027 -9229 -9705 -12,795
Singapore -101363 -122180 -201689 -230798 -258741Solomon Islands -357 -871 -1041 -1942 -5466
Sri Lanka -511 -1444 -1648 -4352 838Thailand 192070 217432 562341 497636 704274
Timor-Leste -3820 -4625 -5210 -5210 -5522Tonga -5229 -5752 -6569 -8498 -11816Tuvalu -171 -233 -698 -483 -438
United States 242005 2668730 2465975 3303701 5609980Vanuatu 1001 1619 -409 -782 -1253Vietnam 14378 64,428 3948 -204887 -1053305
TABLE A.71: NET IMPORT AND EXPORT OF MEAT IN TOTAL BARRELS.178
178 Own compilation and illustration based on data taken from ibid.82
Countries/Year 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012 (2011)Australia 100 75,649 82,836 72,435 50,111
Bangladesh 56,230 49,910 51,821 46,737 34,709Bhutan 56,236 49,916 51,823 46,744 34,675
Brunei Darussalam 55,900 49,735 51,764 46,651 34,617Cambodia 56,240 49,916 51,822 46,736 34,704
China 59,711 49,053 40,614 31,418 15,660Hong Kong 44,636 41,003 41,763 35,956 21,323
Macao 55,729 49,633 51,443 46,150 34,183DR Korea 55,924 49,871 51,253 46,725 34,696
Fiji 55,780 49,691 51,625 46,585 34,631French Polynesia 55,593 49,533 51,326 46,272 34,365
India 59,331 53,382 57,806 54,765 46,423Indonesia 56,109 49,319 51,663 45,760 33,759
Japan 0,000 7,895 1,456 3,834 0,000Kiribati 56,213 49,896 51,790 46,673 34,685Laos 56,235 49,917 51,824 46,744 34,710
Malaysia 53,694 47,863 48,292 43,642 32,435Maldives 56,215 49,862 51,744 46,619 34,583
Marshall Islands 0 0 0 0 0Federated States of
Micronesia 0 0 0 0 0
Mongolia 56,683 50,060 52,274 46,908 34,710Myanmar 56,240 49,910 51,803 46,739 34,604
Nauru 56,217 49,905 51,817 46,742 34,710Nepal 56,240 49,917 51,822 46,742 34,738
New Caledonia 55,945 49,718 51,609 46,498 34,495New Zealand 84,908 65,123 66,684 60,175 42,040
Northern Mariana Islands 0 0 0 0 0Pakistan 56,246 49,921 51,877 46,777 35,182
Palau 0 0 0 0 0Papua New Guinea 54,156 49,051 51,220 46,141 34,271
Philippines 55,530 47,895 48,773 43,725 31,328Republic of Korea 48,907 45,141 39,815 34,595 21,877
Russian Federation 26,087 0 0 0 11,798Samoa 55,993 49,823 51,644 46,588 34,710
Singapore 52,709 47,624 47,884 43,024 31,699Solomon Islands 56,228 49,901 51,804 46,713 34,647
Sri Lanka 56,222 49,890 51,792 46,674 34,720Thailand 62,932 53,998 62,810 54,766 42,907
Timor-Leste 56,107 49,831 51,723 46,660 34,646Tonga 56,058 49,809 51,696 46,607 34,573Tuvalu 56,234 49,913 51,811 46,736 34,705
United States 64,671 100 100 100 100Vanuatu 56,275 49,948 51,816 46,732 34,696Vietnam 56,741 49,919 51,902 43,441 22,452
TABLE A.72: NET IMPORT AND EXPORT OF MEAT IN TOTAL BARRELS. LEADER-LAGGARD.179
179 Own compilation, standardization and illustration based on data taken from ibid.83
Countries/Year 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012Australia 2142871 4276606 5809954 3370991 2291352
Bangladesh -237061 -207958 -366776 -360635 -535197Bhutan NA NA NA NA NA
Brunei Darussalam -19093 -22617 -37131 -22100 -18230Cambodia -7406 -14500 -11543 -55322 -16345
China -1328973
-1934899 -2938145 -2808839 -7790721
Hong Kong -327375 -443589 -446532 -481429 -679044Macao -18381 -18594 -23024 -38563 -51804
DR Korea180 -198 -587 -1789 -18614 -9013Fiji -38732 -46920 -24424 -51461 -56693
French Polynesia -22761 -27948 -33508 -37858 -34548India -53834 -17602 86575 525703 212365
Indonesia -372421 -505572 -875353 -1787480 -2233985
Japan -1583960
-1677837 -1628473 -1763181 -1654795
Kiribati181 -1021 -973 -1381 -508 -2276Laos182 -7387 -15609 -22009 -17337 -15241
Malaysia -903067 -1231375 -1109581 -1214469 -1100332
Maldives -9120 -15942 -18094 -28230 -38220Marshall Islands NA NA NA NA NA
Federated States of Micronesia NA NA NA NA NA
Mongolia -4702 -2188 -10054 -7689 -6562Myanmar183 -45540 -111047 -118950 -123828 -137782
Nauru184 -469 -399 -403 -23 -82Nepal -11498 9482 -5120 -8852 -21335
New Caledonia -24801 -27974 -34756 -35875 -40455
New Zealand 5489488 7821099 10982706
11933424 10863597
Northern Mariana Islands NA NA NA NA NAPakistan -197237 -64593 -34823 -182748 -339572
Palau NA NA NA NA NAPapua New Guinea -31260 -38328 -26506 -24557 -23440
Philippines -1040321
-1429462 -1420459 -1138705 -1277111
Republic of Korea -213974 -340652 -478513 -687143 -1008658
Russian Federation -1657686
-2170404 -1125892 -1758692 -2242465
Samoa185 -5216 -5670 -5296 -5117 -4699Singapore -394077 -453639 -512517 -741133 -1019488
Solomon Islands -2242 -2308 -1530 -2423 -3949Sri Lanka -245181 -333079 -491731 -548484 -658682
Thailand -805648 -1316383 -863921 -667654 -1018839
Timor-Leste186 -7350 -8400 -10080 -59 -6670Tonga -3821 -4684 -5796 -5812 -3581
Tuvalu187 -177 -289 -278 -232 -188United States 967299 664215 588130 4065664 7100621
Vanuatu -1140 -1745 -1440 -4477 -5424Vietnam -89930 -175071 -507425 -814745 -1143836
TABLE A.73: NET IMPORT AND EXPORT OF MILK IN TOTAL BARRELS. 188
180 No export data available.181 No export data available.182 No export data available.183 No export data available.184 No export data available.185 No export data available.186 No export data available.187 No export data available.188 Own compilation and illustration based on data taken from FAO (2015a).
84
Countries/Year 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012
Australia 53,176 64,525 62,84
2 41,919 54,047
Bangladesh 19,877 19,641 18,47
1 16,607 38,895
Bhutan 0 0 0 0 0
Brunei Darussalam 22,926 21,496 20,83
9 18,903 41,666
Cambodia 23,090 21,577 21,02
3 18,678 41,676
China 4,599 2,357 0 0 0
Hong Kong 18,613 17,283 17,89
8 15,787 38,123
Macao 22,936 21,536 20,94
1 18,791 41,486
DR Korea 23,191 21,717 21,09
3 18,927 41,715
Fiji 22,652 21,253 20,93
1 18,704 41,460
French Polynesia 22,875 21,443 20,86
5 18,796 41,578
India 22,440 21,546 21,72
8 22,619 42,902
Indonesia 17,983 16,662 14,81
8 6,928 29,788
Japan 1,032 4,930 9,408 7,093 32,893
Kiribati 23,179 21,713 21,09
6 19,050 41,751
Laos 23,090 21,566 20,94
8 18,935 41,682
Malaysia 10,558 9,398 13,13
5 10,815 35,865
Maldives 23,066 21,563 20,97
6 18,861 41,559
Marshall Islands 0 0 0 0 0Federated States of
Micronesia 0 0 0 0 0
Mongolia 23,128 21,701 21,03
4 19,001 41,728
Myanmar 22,556 20,611 20,25
2 18,213 41,025
Nauru 23,187 21,719 21,10
3 19,053 41,763
Nepal 23,033 21,817 21,06
9 18,993 41,649
New Caledonia 22,847 21,443 20,85
6 18,810 41,547
New Zealand 100 100 100 100 100Northern Mariana Islands 0 0 0 0 0
Pakistan 20,434 21,076 20,85
6 17,813 39,943
Palau 0 0 0 0 0
Papua New Guinea 22,756 21,339 20,91
6 18,886 41,638
Philippines 8,638 7,416 10,902 11,329 34,917
Republic of Korea 20,200 18,313 17,66
9 14,392 36,357
Russian Federation 0 0 13,018 7,123 29,742
Samoa 23,121 21,666 21,06
8 19,018 41,738
Singapore 17,680 17,182 17,42
4 14,026 36,298
Solomon Islands 23,162 21,699 21,09
5 19,037 41,742
85
Sri Lanka 19,763 18,389 17,57
4 15,332 38,233
Thailand 11,921 8,547 14,90
0 14,524 36,302
Timor-Leste 23,091 21,638 21,03
4 19,053 41,728
Tonga 23,140 21,676 21,06
4 19,014 41,744
Tuvalu 23,191 21,720 21,10
4 19,051 41,763
United States 36,728 28,370 25,33
1 46,631 79,828
Vanuatu 23,178 21,705 21,09
6 19,023 41,735
Vietnam 21,935 19,970 17,46
1 13,526 35,632
TABLE A.74: NET IMPORT AND EXPORT OF MILK IN TOTAL BARRELS. LEADER-LAGGARD.189
189 Own compilation, standardization and illustration based on data taken from ibid.86
Countries/Year 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012Australia -26682 -66205 -91855 -89098 -59853
Bangladesh190 NA -23 -1204 -573 -2864Bhutan NA NA NA -118 -247
Brunei Darussalam191 -1098 -695 -371 -137 25Cambodia192 NA 0 188 -14 -1601
China -640081 -951872 -951977 -1007252 -1420465
Hong Kong -23906 -24003 -26500 -17004 -6383Macao193 -130 -1225 -863 -482 -661
DR Korea194 0 -414 -1579 128 1270Fiji 350 -1210 1196 2206 1675
French Polynesia195 -150 640 1271 2390 2857India -196 -7240 -33845 3775 26203
Indonesia -53862 -109130 -33185 48830 62499
Japan -265521 -584451 -479849 -487293 -415606
Kiribati196 388 141 141 58 4Laos NA -75 -305 -548 -2700
Malaysia -5561 -19178 25364 11302 7000Maldives197 2174 2513 2812 2191 667
Marshall Islands198 NA 0 -3 33 344Federated States of Micronesia NA NA 25 24 100
Mongolia199 NA -4 -63 0 -69Myanmar200 0 -10 -6 -156 22348
Nauru NA NA NA NA NANepal201 NA -100 -56 -23 -5531
New Caledonia202 0 -1362 -1706 -2803 -2560New Zealand 14926 21036 15121 19341 20575
Northern Mariana Islands NA NA NA NA NAPakistan 3201 1444 7125 9609 15486Palau203 NA NA 1 1 32
Papua New Guinea -1460 0 -538 5436 2425Philippines -48479 -93194 -39675 -15947 18139
Republic of Korea -21168 -22298 -34706 -29923 -12702Russian Federation 11345 -45646 -69402 -25715 -5584
Samoa204 0 -2 -147 -2 -136Singapore -5075 -2380 7529 -2162 281
Solomon Islands205 0 70 266 493 1059Sri Lanka -6520 -6129 -9717 -8281 -10788Thailand -70250 -85546 -26823 71504 53559
Timor-Leste206 NA NA NA 0 -159Tonga 207 NA 150 28 108 107Tuvalu NA NA NA NA NA
United States 65952 67454 98213 64082 74991Vanuatu NA NA 53 0 4
Vietnam208 357 -2159 -16024 -92893 -26404
TABLE A.75: NET IMPORT AND EXPORT OF FISH, CRUSTACEANS, MOLLUSCS AND OTHER AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES IN BARRELS.209
190 1997, 2002: No export data available.191 1992: No export data available.192 1997: No export data available.193 2002, 2011: No export data available.194 1992: No export data available.195 1992: No export data available.196 No import data available.197 1992, 1997: No import data available.198 1997: No export data available.199 No export data available.200 1992, 1997, 2002: No export data available.201 1997: No export data available.202 1992, 1997: No export data available.203 No import data available.204 1992, 1997: No export data available.205 1992: No export data available.206 No export data available.207 1997: No import data available.208 1992: No import data available.209 Own compilation and illustration based on data taken from FAO (2015a).
87
Countries/Year 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012Australia 86,880 86,888 81,902 85,112 90,983
Bangladesh 0 93,380 90,533 93,319 94,794Bhutan 0 0 0 93,361 94,969
Brunei Darussalam 90,503 93,314 90,613 93,359 94,987Cambodia 0 93,382 90,666 93,370 94,878
China 0 0 0 0 0Hong Kong 87,273 91,028 88,125 91,795 94,559
Macao 90,640 93,262 90,566 93,327 94,941DR Korea 90,659 93,342 90,498 93,383 95,070
Fiji 90,708 93,264 90,762 93,576 95,097French Polynesia 90,638 93,445 90,769 93,593 95,176
India 90,631 92,672 87,425 93,722 96,738Indonesia 83,030 82,676 87,488 97,898 99,165
Japan 53,051 36,045 44,956 48,200 67,194Kiribati 90,714 93,396 90,661 93,377 94,986Laos 0,000 93,375 90,619 93,321 94,805
Malaysia 89,871 91,501 93,063 94,419 95,453Maldives 90,967 93,629 90,916 93,575 95,030
Marshall Islands 0,000 93,382 90,648 93,375 95,008Federated States of
Micronesia 0,000 0,000 90,650 93,374 94,992
Mongolia 0,000 93,382 90,642 93,372 94,981Myanmar 90,659 93,382 90,648 93,357 96,480
Nauru 0 0 0 0 0Nepal 0 93,373 90,643 93,369 94,616
New Caledonia 90,659 93,249 90,486 93,112 94,814New Zealand 92,773 95,446 92,088 95,165 96,361
Northern Mariana Islands 0 0 0 0 0Pakistan 91,112 93,524 91,327 94,262 96,021
Palau 0 0 90,648 93,372 94,988Papua New Guinea 90,452 93,382 90,597 93,876 95,148
Philippines 83,792 84,240 86,870 91,893 96,198Republic of Korea 87,661 91,195 87,343 90,598 94,136
Russian Federation 92,266 88,904 84,040 90,988 94,612Samoa 90,659 93,382 90,634 93,371 94,976
Singapore 89,940 93,149 91,365 93,171 95,004Solomon Islands 90,659 93,389 90,673 93,417 95,056
Sri Lanka 89,735 92,781 89,723 92,604 94,264Thailand 80,709 84,990 88,094 100 98,567
Timor-Leste 0 0 0 93,372 94,975Tonga 0 93,397 90,651 93,382 94,993Tuvalu 0 0 0 0 0
United States 100 100 100 99,312 100,000Vanuatu 0 0 90,653 93,372 94,986Vietnam 90,709 93,171 89,122 84,761 93,220
TABLE A.76: NET IMPORT AND EXPORT OF FISH, CRUSTACEANS, MOLLUSCS AND OTHER AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES IN BARRELS. LEADER-LAGGARD.210
210 Own compilation, standardization and illustration based on data taken from ibid.88
Countries/Year 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012Australia 304780 255003 65629 -382176 -665051
Bangladesh -29489 -112126 -110162 -117540 -350972Bhutan NA NA NA NA NA
Brunei Darussalam -19918 -24545 -49359 -26774 -24105Cambodia 0 -10418 -10913 -57117 -31669
China -325651 -831103 -37523 2915841 1185882Hong Kong -551941 -720466 -733094 -717197 -663254
Macao -28196 -25430 -21584 -53894 -36476DR Korea -3000 -1860 -8760 -11952 -8050
Fiji -1780 -4554 -3686 -15428 -16635French Polynesia -9038 -6870 -5732 -11800 -9482
India 25373 41441 116075 270315 225157Indonesia 118684 14030 107930 -240427 -482442
Japan -2552673 -3210120 -4276965 -4783135 -4396439
Kiribati211 -251 -259 -180 -466 -872Laos -500 -894 -618 -33029 -29579
Malaysia -26304 -219145 -259656 -390718 -455441Maldives212 -751 -11730 -16567 -26589 -31299
Marshall Islands NA NA NA NA NAFederated States of
Micronesia NA NA NA NA NA
Mongolia -2895 -20465 -33855 -99973 -78376Myanmar 9300 -2140 43013 32593 174525
Nauru NA NA NA NA NANepal NA NA NA NA NA
New Caledonia -6399 -10702 -9692 -15354 -20070New Zealand 348305 357155 379410 381333 541100
Northern Mariana Islands NA NA NA NA NAPakistan 99341 135579 140528 76974 539853
Palau NA NA NA NA NAPapua New Guinea NA NA NA NA NA
Philippines 1411504 1862413 2226129 3191570 2959012Republic of Korea -716868 -793999 -704010 -1193265 -1253907
Russian Federation -3199794 -2939672 -3755939 -8297607 -8153629
Samoa 2199 1909 1576 348 369Singapore NA NA NA NA NA
Solomon Islands -224 -103 -474 -2051 -3443Sri Lanka -780 2787 -36736 -14472 -41467Thailand 1167009 1228325 1660672 2704309 3896679
Timor-Leste213 -5625 -7500 -8270 -2292 -633Tonga NA NA NA NA NATuvalu NA NA NA NA NA
United States -5533451 -5988549 -6750121 -
13049689 -9231402
Vanuatu -1042 -678 -644 -1621 -2674Vietnam 30550 -16511 173842 107876 288124
TABLE A.77: NET IMPORT AND EXPORT OF FRUITS, EXCLUDING WINE IN BARRELS. 214
211 No export data available.212 No export data available.213 No export data available.214 Own compilation and illustration based on data taken from FAO (2015a).
89
Countries/Year 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012
Australia 84,064 79,526 75,93
1 77,996 65,252
Bangladesh 79,251 74,850 73,97
3 79,625 67,645
Bhutan 0 0 0 0 0
Brunei Darussalam 79,389 75,965 74,65
0 80,184 70,134
Cambodia 79,676 76,145 75,07
8 79,997 70,077
China 74,987 65,692 74,78
2 98,302 79,351
Hong Kong 71,728 67,101 67,03
3 75,933 65,266
Macao 79,270 75,954 74,95
9 80,017 70,040
DR Korea 79,633 76,254 75,10
2 80,275 70,257
Fiji 79,650 76,220 75,15
9 80,254 70,191
French Polynesia 79,546 76,190 75,13
6 80,276 70,246
India 80,041 76,806 76,49
3 82,013 72,033
Indonesia 81,385 76,457 76,40
2 78,869 66,643
Japan 42,920 35,390 27,55
2 50,898 36,829
Kiribati 79,672 76,275 75,19
8 80,346 70,311
Laos 79,669 76,267 75,19
3 80,146 70,093
Malaysia 79,297 73,487 72,30
7 77,943 66,849
Maldives 79,665 76,128 75,01
5 80,185 70,080
Marshall Islands 0 0 0 0 0Federated States of
Micronesia 0 0 0 0 0
Mongolia 79,634 76,017 74,82
3 79,733 69,721
Myanmar 79,810 76,251 75,67
9 80,550 71,647
Nauru 0 0 0 0 0Nepal 0 0 0 0 0
New Caledonia 79,584 76,142 75,09
2 80,254 70,165
New Zealand 84,691 80,827 79,42
7 82,697 74,440
Northern Mariana Islands 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000
Pakistan 81,106 78,005 76,76
5 80,823 74,430
Palau 0 0 0 0 0Papua New Guinea 0 0 0 0 0
Philippines 100 100 100 100 92,858
Republic of Korea 69,354 66,165 67,35
7 73,002 60,767
Russian Federation 33,602 38,834 33,35
7 29,259 8,210
Samoa 79,707 76,302 75,21
7 80,351 70,321
Singapore 0 0 0 0 0
Solomon Islands 79,673 76,277 75,19
5 80,336 70,292
Sri Lanka 79,665 76,313 74,79
1 80,260 70,002
90
Thailand 96,480 91,923 93,70
1 97,000 100
Timor-Leste 79,595 76,182 75,10
8 80,335 70,313
Tonga 0 0 0 0 0Tuvalu 0 0 0 0 0
United States 0 0 0 0 0
Vanuatu 79,661 76,269 75,19
3 80,339 70,298
Vietnam 80,116 76,068 77,13
6 81,013 72,513
TABLE A.78: NET IMPORT AND EXPORT OF FRUITS, EXCLUDING WINE IN BARRELS. LEADER-LAGGARD.215
215 Own compilation, standardization and illustration based on data taken from ibid.91
Countries/Year 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012
Australia 16,884 31,339 42,40
6 35,484 36,778
Bangladesh 15,967 29,855 40,47
5 33,892 35,481
Bhutan 15,727 29,668 40,12
2 33,465 34,749
Brunei Darussalam 16,311 30,104 40,46
3 33,865 35,380
Cambodia 15,766 29,721 40,22
0 33,585 34,817
China 41,261 46,846 57,76
7 79,642 93,070
Hong Kong 27,861 39,658 51,19
6 45,105 46,705
Macao 0,265 0,214 0,253 0,355 0,684DR Korea 0 0 0 0 0
Fiji 0,065 0,061 0,043 0,047 0,050French Polynesia 0 0 0,054 0,048 0,033
India 16,811 31,103 43,74
7 39,193 38,112
Indonesia 17,626 32,045 43,29
3 36,756 37,142
Japan 76,805 73,001 68,22
3 62,454 59,037
Kiribati 0,003 0,002 0,002 0,002 0
Laos 15,748 29,647 40,12
6 33,441 34,615
Malaysia 18,557 33,100 45,01
8 39,487 41,212
Maldives 0,017 0,020 0,020 0,026 0,047Marshall Islands 0 0 0 0 0
Federated States of Micronesia 0 0 0,004 0,003 0
Mongolia 0,033 0,030 0,035 0,062 0,135
Myanmar 15,758 29,673 40,24
2 33,563 34,564
Nauru 0 0 0 0 0Nepal 0,064 0,081 0,055 0,064 0,088
New Caledonia 0 0 0,048 0,082 0,064
New Zealand 16,134 29,701 40,74
3 33,873 35,079
Northern Mariana Islands 0 0 0 0 0
Pakistan 16,236 29,490 40,89
3 33,863 35,192
Palau 0 0 0 0 0Papua New Guinea 0,168 0,126 0,078 0,121 0,156
Philippines 16,671 28,745 41,84
1 35,332 36,743
Republic of Korea 22,156 36,459 48,76
7 45,689 51,125
Russian Federation 15,375 34,547 46,98
0 45,210 51,166
Samoa 0,007 0,006 0,005 0,006 0,006
Singapore 23,847 41,150 48,01
9 44,594 49,385
Solomon Islands 0,012 0,013 0,004 0,007 0,013
Sri Lanka 15,838 29,852 40,37
5 33,654 34,804
Thailand 17,363 32,665 43,78
6 38,468 40,298
Timor-Leste 0 0 0 0,007 0,018Tonga 0,004 0,004 0,003 0,003 0,004Tuvalu 0 0 0,001 0,001 0
92
United States 50 50 50 50 50Vanuatu 0,007 0,006 0,005 0,006 0,008
Vietnam 15,980 29,975 40,92
9 34,627 37,914
TABLE A.79: TRADE AND FINANCE COMBINED FOR SELECTED YEARS.216
216 Own compilation and illustration based on data taken from UNCTAD (2015) and IMF (2014a).93
Countries/Year 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012
Australia 21,983 42,930 62,158 44,555 39,516
Bangladesh 20,789 40,897 59,327 42,555 38,123
Bhutan 20,477 40,640 58,811 42,020 37,337
Brunei Darussalam 21,237 41,238 59,311 42,522 38,014
Cambodia 20,527 40,713 58,953 42,170 37,410
China 53,721 64,172 84,674 100,000 100,000
Hong Kong 14,322 15,068 16,124 13,812 11,819
Macao 0,346 0,293 0,372 0,446 0,735DR Korea 0 0 0 0 0
Fiji 18,228 19,178 20,521 17,579 15,042
French Polynesia 0 0 0,080 0,060 0,036
India 21,888 42,606 64,124 49,212 40,950
Indonesia 22,949 43,896 63,458 46,152 39,907
Japan 100 100 100 78,418 63,433Kiribati 0,004 0,003 0,002 0,002 0
Laos 20,504 40,612 58,817 41,989 37,193
Malaysia 24,161 45,342 65,987 49,582 44,280
Maldives 0,022 0,028 0,029 0,033 0,051Marshall Islands 0 0 0 0 0
Federated States of Micronesia 0 0 0,006 0,004 0
Mongolia 0,043 0,041 0,051 0,078 0,145
Myanmar 20,517 40,647 58,986 42,143 37,138
Nauru 0 0 0 0 0Nepal 0,083 0,111 0,080 0,080 0,095
New Caledonia 0 0 0,071 0,103 0,069
New Zealand 21,006 40,686 59,720 42,532 37,691
Northern Mariana Islands 0 0 0 0 0
Pakistan 21,139 40,397 59,940 42,520 37,813
Palau 0 0 0 0 0Papua New Guinea 0,219 0,172 0,114 0,152 0,167
Philippines 21,706 39,376 61,331 44,364 39,479
Republic of Korea 28,847 49,943 71,481 57,368 54,931
Russian Federation 20,018 47,325 68,863 56,767 54,976
Samoa 0,009 0,008 0,007 0,008 0,007
Singapore 31,049 56,369 70,385 55,993 53,063
Solomon Islands 0,016 0,018 0,005 0,009 0,014
Sri Lanka 20,621 40,892 59,180 42,257 37,396
Thailand 22,606 44,746 64,181 48,302 43,299
Timor-Leste 0 0 0 0,009 0,019Tonga 0,005 0,005 0,004 0,003 0,004Tuvalu 0 0 0,001 0,001 0
94
United States 65,100 68,492 73,289 62,781 53,723
Vanuatu 0,009 0,008 0,007 0,007 0,008
Vietnam 20,806 41,062 59,993 43,479 40,737
TABLE A.80: TRADE AND FINANCE COMBINED FOR SELECTED YEARS. LEADER-LAGGARD.217
217 Own compilation, standardization and illustration based on data taken from UNCTAD (2015) and IMF (2014a).95
Countries/Year 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012Australia 108950,40 166418,90 173522,90 383029,70 645887,33
Bangladesh 6723,79 13361,63 16136,87 33645,10 65340,02Bhutan 196,10 258,47 368,62 1217,26 1909,81
Brunei Darussalam NA 5998,49 6492,15 11813,57 NACambodia 821,20 2148,40 5110,05 11983,34 18071,63
China 152636,00 371654,00 693407,50 2376497,00 4272634,19Hong Kong 284224,78 459880,01 476216,00 838960,00 1129220,18
Macao 6756,76 8463,41 12087,44 28471,08 67885,21DR Korea NA NA NA NA NA
Fiji 1645,45 2428,11 2060,70 3750,44 4985,99French Polynesia NA NA 2588,64 3839,56 3296,47
India 54619,09 102985,51 146360,80 520129,20 1023035,39Indonesia 72061,00 126069,00 118524,90 240089,50 425000,61
Japan 682448,90 909545,92 868991,14 1528712,49 1935338,66Kiribati 76,05 73,24 79,99 134,41 NALaos 498,10 1135,90 952,48 2309,31 6244,19
Malaysia 88820,10 185591,00 199956,30 372843,50 494911,71Maldives 436,66 803,01 951,20 2111,06 4711,28
Marshall Islands NA NA NA NA NAFederated States of
Micronesia NA NA 208,86 246,93 NA
Mongolia 845,20 1179,40 1653,94 5008,06 13344,77Myanmar 1322,30 4046,16 5125,21 10202,43 NA
Nauru NA NA NA NA NANepal 1627,13 3195,88 2599,41 5091,42 8776,59
New Caledonia NA NA 2297,77 6558,13 6392,95New Zealand 24054,69 36765,60 38918,12 74862,44 98484,83
Northern Mariana Islands NA NA NA NA NAPakistan 20872,53 23384,36 24930,00 59550,20 79573,76
Palau NA NA NA NA NAPapua New Guinea 4285,65 4963,84 3714,93 9675,06 15429,11
Philippines 31393,00 NA 83194,00 124698,00 140814,00Republic of Korea 180711,20 337160,60 380732,10 899964,80 1285916,00
Russian Federation NA 194027,38 205374,80 675288,50 1042141,45Samoa 175,80 220,07 238,15 480,76 633,54
Singapore 160688,88 326285,80 327090,79 719784,42 1048411,00Solomon Islands 303,23 518,52 167,17 582,19 1285,97
Sri Lanka 6762,40 12094,86 13046,79 22183,45 35282,95Thailand 88016,09 144858,00 155171,30 343948,40 548349,70
Timor-Leste NA NA NA 570,08 1765,83Tonga 102,47 145,28 146,06 216,46 360,32Tuvalu NA NA 24,01 42,86 NA
United States 1272972,50 1977184,52 2384354,4
0 4008727,00 4960119,00
Vanuatu 181,31 238,06 243,82 471,64 775,71Vietnam 6149,00 25300,00 41112,00 121196,77 242140,00
TABLE A.81: TOTAL TRADE VOLUME, TRADE IN GOODS AND SERVICES INCLUDING IMPORTS AND EXPORTS.218
218 Own compilation and illustration based on data taken from UNCTAD (2015).96
Countries/Year 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012Australia 8,559 8,417 7,278 9,555 13,022
Bangladesh 0,528 0,676 0,677 0,839 1,317Bhutan 0,015 0,013 0,015 0,030 0,039
Brunei Darussalam 0 0,303 0,272 0,295 0Cambodia 0,065 0,109 0,214 0,299 0,364
China 11,991 18,797 29,08
2 59,283 86,140
Hong Kong 22,328 23,259 19,97
3 20,928 22,766
Macao 0,531 0,428 0,507 0,710 1,369DR Korea 0 0 0 0 0
Fiji 0,129 0,123 0,086 0,094 0,101French Polynesia 0 0 0,109 0,096 0,066
India 4,291 5,209 6,138 12,975 20,625Indonesia 5,661 6,376 4,971 5,989 8,568
Japan 53,611 46,002 36,44
6 38,135 39,018
Kiribati 0,006 0,004 0,003 0,003 0,000Laos 0,039 0,057 0,040 0,058 0,126
Malaysia 6,977 9,387 8,386 9,301 9,978Maldives 0,034 0,041 0,040 0,053 0,095
Marshall Islands 0 0 0 0 0Federated States of
Micronesia 0 0 0,009 0,006 0
Mongolia 0,066 0,060 0,069 0,125 0,269Myanmar 0,104 0,205 0,215 0,255 0
Nauru 0 0 0 0 0Nepal 0,128 0,162 0,109 0,127 0,177
New Caledonia 0 0 0,096 0,164 0,129New Zealand 1,890 1,859 1,632 1,867 1,986
Northern Mariana Islands 0 0 0 0 0Pakistan 1,640 1,183 1,046 1,486 1,604
Palau 0 0 0 0 0Papua New Guinea 0,337 0,251 0,156 0,241 0,311
Philippines 2,466 0 3,489 3,111 2,839
Republic of Korea 14,196 17,053 15,96
8 22,450 25,925
Russian Federation 0 9,813 8,613 16,845 21,010Samoa 0,014 0,011 0,010 0,012 0,013
Singapore 12,623 16,503 13,71
8 17,955 21,137
Solomon Islands 0,024 0,026 0,007 0,015 0,026Sri Lanka 0,531 0,612 0,547 0,553 0,711Thailand 6,914 7,326 6,508 8,580 11,055
Timor-Leste 0 0 0 0,014 0,036Tonga 0,008 0,007 0,006 0,005 0,007Tuvalu 0 0 0,001 0,001 0
United States 100 100 100 100 100Vanuatu 0,014 0,012 0,010 0,012 0,016Vietnam 0,483 1,280 1,724 3,023 4,882
TABLE A.82: TOTAL TRADE VOLUME, TRADE IN GOODS AND SERVICES INCLUDING IMPORTS AND EXPORTS. LEADER-LAGGARD.219
219 Own compilation, standardization and illustration based on data taken from ibid.
97
Countries/Year 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012Australia -10,285 -11,989 -15,457 -58,375 -56,901
Bangladesh -0,126 -0,666 0,167 0,617 0,823Bhutan -0,070 0,018 -0,081 0,145 -0,350
Brunei Darussalam 1,870 1,399 2,347 5,857 7,887Cambodia -0,025 0,042 -0,104 -0,166 -1,553
China 64,020 36,962 35,422 353,183 193,139Hong Kong 3,135 -7,729 12,412 25,544 7,156
Macao NA NA NA NA NADR Korea NA NA NA NA NA
Fiji NA NA NA NA NAFrench Polynesia NA NA NA NA NA
India -3,526 -5,499 6,345 -15,736 -88,163Indonesia -3,100 -3,800 7,822 6,795 -24,074
Japan 112,333 96,521 112,715 212,103 60,446Kiribati NA NA NA NA NALaos -0,041 -0,185 -0,172 -0,662 -2,602
Malaysia -2,207 -5,935 8,025 29,736 18,566Maldives NA NA NA NA NA
Marshall Islands NA NA NA NA NAFederated States of
Micronesia NA NA NA NA NA
Mongolia NA NA NA NA NAMyanmar220 -0,114 -0,412 0,144 -0,157 -2,452
Nauru NA NA NA NA NANepal NA NA NA NA NA
New Caledonia NA NA NA NA NANew Zealand -1,810 -4,204 -2,222 -10,743 -8,507
Northern Mariana Islands NA NA NA NA NAPakistan -1,065 -3,599 2,833 -6,878 -4,658
Palau NA NA NA NA NAPapua New Guinea NA NA NA NA NA
Philippines -0,993 -4,330 -0,282 7,112 7,177Republic of Korea -2,240 -8,183 7,542 21,770 43,139
Russian Federation -1,200 -0,080 29,116 71,346 74,799Samoa NA NA NA NA NA
Singapore 5,885 15,378 11,843 46,348 51,437Solomon Islands NA NA NA NA NA
Sri Lanka -0,554 -0,531 -0,236 -1,400 -3,915Thailand -6,018 -3,110 4,685 15,682 0,169
Timor-Leste NA NA NA NA NATonga NA NA NA NA NATuvalu NA NA NA NA NA
United States -51,614 -140,720 -457,797 -713,390 -440,417Vanuatu NA NA NA NA NAVietnam -0,008 -1,528 -0,627 -6,992 9,061
TABLE A.83: BALANCE OF PAYMENTS FOR SELECTED YEARS.221
220 1992, 1997: Asia Development Bank.221 Own compilation and illustration based on data taken from IMF (2014a).
98
Countries/Year 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012
Australia 25,209 54,262 77,53
4 61,413 60,534
Bangladesh 31,405 59,034 80,27
2 66,944 69,645
Bhutan 31,439 59,323 80,22
9 66,900 69,460
Brunei Darussalam 32,623 59,905 80,65
5 67,435 70,760
Cambodia 31,467 59,333 80,22
5 66,871 69,270
China 70,531 74,895 86,45
2 100 100
Hong Kong 33,394 56,057 82,41
9 69,281 70,645
Macao 0 0 0 0 0DR Korea 0 0 0 0 0
Fiji 0 0 0 0 0French Polynesia 0 0 0 0 0
India 29,331 56,997 81,35
5 65,411 55,600
Indonesia 29,591 57,713 81,61
4 67,523 65,715
Japan 100 100 100 86,773 79,056Kiribati 0 0 0 0 0
Laos 31,457 59,237 80,21
3 66,824 69,104
Malaysia 30,136 56,814 81,65
0 69,674 72,446
Maldives 0 0 0 0 0Marshall Islands 0 0 0 0 0
Federated States of Micronesia 0 0 0 0 0
Mongolia 0 0 0 0 0
Myanmar222 31,412 59,142 80,26
8 66,871 69,128
Nauru 0 0 0 0 0Nepal 0 0 0 0 0
New Caledonia 0 0 0 0 0
New Zealand 30,378 57,543 79,85
4 65,879 68,172
Northern Mariana Islands 0 0 0 0 0
Pakistan 30,833 57,798 80,74
0 66,241 68,780
Palau 0 0 0 0 0Papua New Guinea 0 0 0 0 0
Philippines 30,876 57,490 80,19
4 67,553 70,648
Republic of Korea 30,116 55,866 81,56
5 68,927 76,324
Russian Federation 30,750 59,281 85,34
7 73,575 81,321
Samoa 0 0 0 0 0
Singapore 35,072 65,797 82,31
9 71,232 77,634
Solomon Islands 0 0 0 0 0
Sri Lanka 31,144 59,091 80,20
2 66,755 68,897
Thailand 27,811 58,004 81,06
4 68,357 69,542
Timor-Leste 0 0 0 0 0Tonga 0 0 0 0 0Tuvalu 0 0 0 0 0
United States 0 0 0 0 0Vanuatu 0 0 0 0 0
222 1992, 1997: Asia Development Bank.99
Vietnam 31,477 58,671 80,13
3 66,231 70,945
TABLE A.84: BALANCE OF PAYMENTS FOR SELECTED YEARS. LEADER-LAGGARD.223
223 Own compilation, standardization and illustration based on data taken from IMF (2014a).
100
Countries/Year 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012
Australia 7,532 8,223 10,243 11,835 10,171
Bangladesh 3,339 4,594 5,478 6,226 7,172Bhutan 0 0 0 0 0
Brunei Darussalam 14,499 20,108 20,10
9 13,103 10,967
Cambodia 8,114 9,347 7,154 6,615 8,063
China 28,919 28,525 35,40
7 40,109 42,967
Hong Kong 0 0 0 0 0Macao 0 0 0 0 0
DR Korea 7,472 7,430 9,533 9,809 10,416Fiji 4,690 4,199 6,454 11,040 6,123
French Polynesia 0 0 0 0 0
India 16,920 18,988 26,21
6 26,812 26,889
Indonesia 3,962 5,579 6,057 7,120 7,269
Japan 10,154 12,989 14,05
1 13,147 11,842
Kiribati 0 0 0 0 0
Laos 20,271 9,944 2,524 2,260 1,126
Malaysia 8,118 7,038 9,647 11,960 7,893Maldives 0 0 0 0 0
Marshall Islands 0 0 0 0 0Federated States of
Micronesia 0 0 0 0 0
Mongolia 4,526 4,528 6,880 6,585 4,880Myanmar 9,795 10,521 7,936 18,326 23,554
Nauru 0 0 0 0 0Nepal 2,334 2,559 5,379 7,635 6,514
New Caledonia 0 0 0 0 0New Zealand 3,979 3,910 4,419 5,243 4,584
Northern Mariana Islands 0 0 0 0 0
Pakistan 19,331 19,036 21,30
0 22,140 19,322
Palau 0 0 0 0 0Papua New Guinea 3,062 4,498 2,298 3,034 2,643
Philippines 5,570 6,385 6,886 7,701 6,556
Republic of Korea 14,799 15,901 17,94
9 21,751 20,722
Russian Federation 36,757 26,084 29,19
4 31,664 32,566
Samoa 0 0 0 0 0
Singapore 11,809 14,288 20,46
5 20,042 16,212
Solomon Islands 0 0 0 0 0
Sri Lanka 8,700 13,807 14,000 17,989 12,861
Thailand 8,720 8,453 8,426 9,638 9,675Timor-Leste 0 0 0,006 3,514 1,753
Tonga 0 0 0 0 0Tuvalu 0 0 0 0 0
United States 83,795 79,361 85,28
8 93,364 92,867
Vanuatu 0 0 0 0 0
Vietnam 13,655 3,465 4,264 16,772 14,933
TABLE A.85: COMBINED CONVENTIONAL MILITARY CAPABILITIES.224
224 Own compilation and illustration based on data taken from SIPRI (2014a) and (2015a) as well as IISS (1992), (1997), (2002), (2007), (2012) and (2015).
101
Countries/Year 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012
Australia 8,989 10,361 12,009 12,677 10,952
Bangladesh 3,984 5,789 6,423 6,669 7,723Bhutan 0 0 0 0 0
Brunei Darussalam 17,303 25,338 23,57
8 14,034 11,810
Cambodia 9,683 11,778 8,388 7,085 8,683
China 34,512 35,943 41,51
5 42,960 46,267
Hong Kong 0 0 0 0 0Macao 0 0 0 0 0
DR Korea 8,917 9,362 11,177 10,507 11,216
Fiji 5,598 5,291 7,567 11,824 6,593French Polynesia 0 0 0 0 0
India 20,192 23,926 30,73
8 28,718 28,954
Indonesia 4,728 7,030 7,101 7,626 7,828
Japan 12,117 16,366 16,47
4 14,081 12,752
Kiribati 0 0 0 0 0
Laos 24,191 12,530 2,960 2,421 1,212
Malaysia 9,688 8,868 11,311 12,810 8,499
Maldives 0 0 0 0 0Marshall Islands 0 0 0 0 0
Federated States of Micronesia 0 0 0 0 0
Mongolia 5,402 5,705 8,066 7,053 5,254
Myanmar 11,689 13,257 9,305 19,629 25,363
Nauru 0 0 0 0 0Nepal 2,785 3,225 6,307 8,177 7,015
New Caledonia 0 0 0 0 0New Zealand 4,748 4,927 5,182 5,616 4,936
Northern Mariana Islands 0 0 0 0 0
Pakistan 23,069 23,986 24,97
4 23,714 20,806
Palau 0 0 0 0 0Papua New Guinea 3,654 5,668 2,694 3,250 2,846
Philippines 6,648 8,045 8,074 8,249 7,060
Republic of Korea 17,661 20,037 21,04
5 23,298 22,313
Russian Federation 43,866 32,868 34,22
9 33,915 35,067
Samoa 0 0 0 0 0
Singapore 14,093 18,004 23,99
5 21,467 17,457
Solomon Islands 0 0 0 0 0
Sri Lanka 10,382 17,398 16,41
4 19,268 13,849
Thailand 10,406 10,652 9,879 10,323 10,419
Timor-Leste 0 0 0,007 3,764 1,888Tonga 0 0 0 0 0Tuvalu 0 0 0 0 0
United States 100 100 100 100 100Vanuatu 0 0 0 0 0
Vietnam 16,296 4,366 5,000 17,965 16,080
TABLE A.86: COMBINED CONVENTIONAL MILITARY CAPABILITIES. LEADER-LAGGARD.225
225 Own compilation, standardization and illustration based on data taken from SIPRI (2014a) and (2015a) as well as IISS (1992), (1997), (2002), (2007), (2012) and (2015).
102
103
Countries/Year 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012Australia 16046226 16398227 19512 23947 25555
Bangladesh 605 843 896 1052 1625Bhutan NA NA NA NA NA
Brunei Darussalam 414 471 352 409 407Cambodia 112228 159 114 128 210
China 25317229 26335230 52832231 96782232 159620233
Hong Kong NA NA NA NA NAMacao NA NA NA NA NA
DR Korea NA NA NA NA NAFiji 51 43,1 56,9 87 55,1
French Polynesia NA NA NA NA NAIndia 16783 22102 28528 36664 49459
Indonesia 1905234 2503235 3130236 4448 7975Japan 52486 56988 60701 60574 59571Kiribati NA NA NA NA NALaos 215237 115238 26,8239 21,4240 19,1241
Malaysia 2445 2705 3452 4965 4664Maldives NA NA NA NA NA
Marshall Islands NA NA NA NA NAFederated States of
Micronesia NA NA NA NA NA
Mongolia 43 38,7 52,3 83,8 107Myanmar NA NA NA NA NA
Nauru NA NA NA NA NANepal 79,2 85,5 178 227 268
New Caledonia NA NA NA NA NANew Zealand 1514 1495 1426 1649 1695
Northern Mariana Islands NA NA NA NA NAPakistan 5043242 4745243 5524244 6548 7375
Palau NA NA NA NA NAPapua New Guinea 108 149 46,9 66 77,9
Philippines 1764245 2122246 2171247 2630 2739Republic of Korea 16439248 20095249 21177250 26773 31484
Russian Federation 62300251 34900252 37300253 55954254 80995255
Samoa NA NA NA NA NA
226 Estimates.227 Estimates.228 Estimates.229 Estimates.230 Estimates.231 Estimates.232 Estimates.233 Estimates.234 Estimates.235 Estimates.236 Estimates.237 Data highly uncertain.238 Data highly uncertain.239 Data highly uncertain.240 Data highly uncertain.241 Data highly uncertain.242 Estimates.243 Estimates.244 Estimates.245 Estimates.246 Estimates.247 Estimates.248 Estimates.249 Estimates.250 Estimates.251 Estimates.252 Estimates.253 Estimates.254 Estimates.255 Estimates.
104
Singapore 4182 6567 7909 9055 8890Solomon Islands NA NA NA NA NA
Sri Lanka 764256 1326257 1157 1517 1656Thailand 4672258 4820259 3321 4216 5331
Timor-Leste NA NA NA 31,6260 26,7Tonga NA NA NA NA NATuvalu NA NA NA NA NA
United States 489226 387258 446142 604292 671097Vanuatu NA NA NA NA NAVietnam 745 NA NA 2386 3128261
TABLE A.87: MILITARY EXPENDITURES IN THOUSAND USD (CONSTANT 2011). 262
256 Estimates.257 Estimates.258 Estimates.259 Estimates.260 Estimates.261 Data highly uncertain.262 Own compilation and illustration based on data taken from SIPRI (2014a) and (2015a).
105
Countries/Year 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012Australia 3,280 4,234 4,373 3,963 3,808
Bangladesh 0,124 0,218 0,201 0,174 0,242Bhutan 0 0 0 0 0
Brunei Darussalam 0,085 0,122 0,079 0,068 0,061Cambodia 0,023 0,041 0,026 0,021 0,031
China 5,175 6,800 11,842 16,016 23,785
Hong Kong 0 0 0 0 0Macao 0 0 0 0 0
DR Korea 0 0 0 0 0Fiji 0,010 0,011 0,013 0,014 0,008
French Polynesia 0 0 0 0 0India 3,431 5,707 6,394 6,067 7,370
Indonesia 0,389 0,646 0,702 0,736 1,188
Japan 10,728 14,716 13,60
6 10,024 8,877
Kiribati 0 0 0 0 0Laos 0,044 0,030 0,006 0,004 0,003
Malaysia 0,500 0,699 0,774 0,822 0,695Maldives 0 0 0 0 0
Marshall Islands 0 0 0 0 0Federated States of
Micronesia 0 0 0 0 0
Mongolia 0,009 0,010 0,012 0,014 0,016Myanmar 0 0 0 0 0
Nauru 0 0 0 0 0Nepal 0,016 0,022 0,040 0,038 0,040
New Caledonia 0 0 0 0 0New Zealand 0,309 0,386 0,320 0,273 0,253
Northern Mariana Islands 0 0 0 0 0Pakistan 1,031 1,225 1,238 1,084 1,099
Palau 0 0 0 0 0Papua New Guinea 0,022 0,038 0,011 0,011 0,012
Philippines 0,361 0,548 0,487 0,435 0,408Republic of Korea 3,360 5,189 4,747 4,430 4,691
Russian Federation 12,734 9,012 8,361 9,259 12,069
Samoa 0 0 0 0 0Singapore 0,855 1,696 1,773 1,498 1,325
Solomon Islands 0 0 0 0 0Sri Lanka 0,156 0,342 0,259 0,251 0,247Thailand 0,955 1,245 0,744 0,698 0,794
Timor-Leste 0 0 0 0,005 0,004Tonga 0 0 0 0 0Tuvalu 0 0 0 0 0
United States 100 100 100 100 100Vanuatu 0 0 0 0 0Vietnam 0,152 0 0 0,395 0,466
TABLE A.88: MILITARY EXPENDITURES IN THOUSAND USD (IN CONSTANT 2011 USD). LEADER-LAGGARD.263
263 Own compilation, standardization and illustration based on data taken from SIPRI (2014a) and (2015a).106
Countries/Year 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012Australia 2,2264 1,9265 1,9 1,8 1,7
Bangladesh 1,1 1,3 1,1 1 1,3Bhutan NA NA NA NA NA
Brunei Darussalam 6,2 7,2 5,3 2,6 2,5Cambodia 3,1266 3 1,6 1,1 1,6
China 2,5267 1,6268 2,2269 2,1270 2271
Hong Kong NA NA NA NA NAMacao NA NA NA NA NA
DR Korea NA NA NA NA NAFiji 2 1,5 1,7 2,2 1,4
French Polynesia NA NA NA NA NAIndia 2,8 2,7 2,9 2,3 2,5
Indonesia 0,8272 0,7273 0,8274 0,8 0,9Japan 0,9 0,9 1 1 1Kiribati NA NA NA NA NALaos 8,6275 3,5276 0,6277 0,4278 0,2279
Malaysia 3 2,1 2,2 2,1 1,5Maldives NA NA NA NA NA
Marshall Islands NA NA NA NA NAFederated States of
Micronesia NA NA NA NA NA
Mongolia 1,9 1,6 1,8 1,3 1,1Myanmar 3,4 2,7 1,3 3 4,6
Nauru NA NA NA NA NANepal 0,9 0,8 1,3 1,4 1,3
New Caledonia NA NA NA NA NANew Zealand 1,6 1,3 1,1 1 1
Northern Mariana Islands NA NA NA NA NAPakistan 6,4280 5,1281 4282 3,2 3
Palau NA NA NA NA NAPapua New Guinea 1,3 1,6 0,6 0,6 0,6
Philippines 2283 1,9284 1,5285 1,3 1,2Republic of Korea 3,7286 2,9287 2,4288 2,6 2,8
Russian Federation 4,8289 4,3290 4,1291 3,4292 3,9293
Samoa NA NA NA NA NA
264 Estimates.265 Estimates.266 Estimates.267 Estimates.268 Estimates.269 Estimates.270 Estimates.271 Estimates.272 Estimates.273 Estimates.274 Estimates.275 Data highly uncertain.276 Data highly uncertain.277 Data highly uncertain.278 Data highly uncertain.279 Data highly uncertain.280 Estimates.281 Estimates.282 Estimates.283 Estimates.284 Estimates.285 Estimates.286 Estimates.287 Estimates.288 Estimates.289 Estimates.290 Estimates.291 Estimates.292 Estimates.293 Estimates.
107
Singapore 4,7 4,6 5 3,7 3,4Solomon Islands NA NA NA NA NA
Sri Lanka 3,4294 4,6295 3,3 3,3 2,6Thailand 2,7296 2,1297 1,4 1,3 1,5
Timor-Leste NA NA NA 0,7298 0,4Tonga NA NA NA NA NATuvalu NA NA NA NA NA
United States 4,8 3,3 3,4 4 4,4Vanuatu NA NA NA NA NAVietnam 3,4 NA NA 2,5 2,4299
TABLE A.89: MILITARY EXPENDITURES SHARE OF GDP FOR SELECTED YEARS (PER CENT). 300
294 Estimates.295 Estimates.296 Estimates.297 Estimates.298 Estimates.299 Data highly uncertain.300 Own compilation and illustration based on data taken from SIPRI (2014a) and (2015a).
108
Countries/Year 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012
Australia 25,581 26,389 35,84
9 45,000 36,957
Bangladesh 12,791 18,056 20,75
5 25,000 28,261
Bhutan 0 0 0 0 0
Brunei Darussalam 72,093 100 100 65,000 54,348
Cambodia 36,047 41,667 30,18
9 27,500 34,783
China 29,070 22,222 41,50
9 52,500 43,478
Hong Kong 0 0 0 0 0Macao 0 0 0 0 0
DR Korea 0 0 0 0 0
Fiji 23,256 20,833 32,07
5 55,000 30,435
French Polynesia 0 0 0 0 0
India 32,558 37,500 54,71
7 57,500 54,348
Indonesia 9,302 9,722 15,094 20,000 19,565
Japan 10,465 12,500 18,86
8 25,000 21,739
Kiribati 0 0 0 0 0
Laos 100 48,611 11,321 10,000 4,348
Malaysia 34,884 29,167 41,50
9 52,500 32,609
Maldives 0 0 0 0 0Marshall Islands 0 0 0 0 0
Federated States of Micronesia 0 0 0 0 0
Mongolia 22,093 22,222 33,96
2 32,500 23,913
Myanmar 39,535 37,500 24,52
8 75,000 100
Nauru 0 0 0 0 0
Nepal 10,465 11,111 24,52
8 35,000 28,261
New Caledonia 0 0 0 0 0
New Zealand 18,605 18,056 20,75
5 25,000 21,739
Northern Mariana Islands 0 0 0 0 0
Pakistan 74,419 70,833 75,47
2 80,000 65,217
Palau 0 0 0 0 0
Papua New Guinea 15,116 22,222 11,32
1 15,000 13,043
Philippines 23,256 26,389 28,30
2 32,500 26,087
Republic of Korea 43,023 40,278 45,28
3 65,000 60,870
Russian Federation 55,814 59,722 77,35
8 85,000 84,783
Samoa 0 0 0 0 0
Singapore 54,651 63,889 94,34
0 92,500 73,913
Solomon Islands 0 0 0 0 0
Sri Lanka 39,535 63,889 62,26
4 82,500 56,522
Thailand 31,395 29,167 26,41
5 32,500 32,609
Timor-Leste 0 0 0 17,500 8,696
109
Tonga 0 0 0 0 0Tuvalu 0 0 0 0 0
United States 55,814 45,833 64,15
1 100 95,652
Vanuatu 0 0 0 0 0
Vietnam 39,535 0 0 62,500 52,174
TABLE A.90: MILITARY EXPENDITURES SHARE OF GDP FOR SELECTED YEARS. LEADER-LAGGARD.301
301 Own compilation, standardization and illustration based on data taken from SIPRI (2014a) and (2015a).110
Countries/Year 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012Australia 67900 57400 50920 51610 56552
Bangladesh 107000 121000 137000 126500 157053Bhutan NA NA NA NA NA
Brunei Darussalam 4450 5000 7000 7000 7000Cambodia 135000 140500 125000 124300 124300
China 3030000
2840000 2270000 225500
0 2285000
Hong Kong NA NA NA NA NAMacao NA NA NA NA NA
DR Korea 1132000
1055000 1082000 110600
0 1190000
Fiji 5000 3600 3500 3500 3500French Polynesia NA NA NA NA NA
India 1265000
1145000 1298000 131600
0 1325000
Indonesia 283000 461000 297000 302000 302000Japan 246000 235600 239900 240400 247746Kiribati NA NA NA NA NALaos 37000 29000 29100 29100 29100
Malaysia 127500 111500 100000 109000 109000Maldives NA NA NA NA NA
Marshall Islands NA NA NA NA NAFederated States of
Micronesia NA NA NA NA NA
Mongolia 15500 11000 9100 8600 10000Myanmar 286000 429000 344000 375000 406000
Nauru NA NA NA NA NANepal 35000 46000 51000 69000 95753
New Caledonia NA NA NA NA NANew Zealand 10900 9550 8710 8951 9673
Northern Mariana Islands NA NA NA NA NAPakistan 580000 587000 620000 619000 642000
Palau NA NA NA NA NAPapua New Guinea 3800 4300 3100 3100 3100
Philippines 106500 110500 106000 106000 125000Republic of Korea 633000 672000 686000 687000 655000
Russian Federation 2720000
1240000 988100 102700
0 956000
Samoa NA NA NA NA NASingapore 55500 70000 60500 72500 72500
Solomon Islands NA NA NA NA NASri Lanka 105900 117000 157900 150900 160900Thailand 283000 266000 306000 306600 305860
Timor-Leste NA NA 636 1250 1332Tonga NA NA NA NA NATuvalu NA NA NA NA NA
United States 1913750
1447600 1414000 150675
7 1569417
Vanuatu NA NA NA NA NAVietnam 857000 492000 484000 455000 482000
TABLE A.91: MILITARY PERSONNEL AND ACTIVE NATIONAL FORCES.302
302 Own compilation and illustration based on data taken from IISS (1992), (1997), (2002), (2007), (2012) and (2015).
111
Countries/Year 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012Australia 2,241 2,021 2,243 2,289 2,475
Bangladesh 3,531 4,261 6,035 5,610 6,873Bhutan 0 0 0 0 0
Brunei Darussalam 0,147 0,176 0,308 0,310 0,306Cambodia 4,455 4,947 5,507 5,512 5,440
China 100 100 100 100 100Hong Kong 0 0 0 0 0
Macao 0 0 0 0 0
DR Korea 37,360 37,148 47,66
5 49,047 52,079
Fiji 0,165 0,127 0,154 0,155 0,153French Polynesia 0 0 0 0 0
India 41,749 40,317 57,18
1 58,359 57,987
Indonesia 9,340 16,232 13,084 13,392 13,217
Japan 8,119 8,296 10,568 10,661 10,842
Kiribati 0 0 0 0 0Laos 1,221 1,021 1,282 1,290 1,274
Malaysia 4,208 3,926 4,405 4,834 4,770Maldives 0 0 0 0 0
Marshall Islands 0 0 0 0 0Federated States of
Micronesia 0 0 0 0 0
Mongolia 0,512 0,387 0,401 0,381 0,438
Myanmar 9,439 15,106 15,154 16,630 17,768
Nauru 0 0 0 0 0Nepal 1,155 1,620 2,247 3,060 4,191
New Caledonia 0 0 0 0 0New Zealand 0,360 0,336 0,384 0,397 0,423
Northern Mariana Islands 0 0 0 0 0
Pakistan 19,142 20,669 27,31
3 27,450 28,096
Palau 0 0 0 0 0Papua New Guinea 0,125 0,151 0,137 0,137 0,136
Philippines 3,515 3,891 4,670 4,701 5,470
Republic of Korea 20,891 23,662 30,22
0 30,466 28,665
Russian Federation 89,769 43,662 43,52
9 45,543 41,838
Samoa 0 0 0 0 0Singapore 1,832 2,465 2,665 3,215 3,173
Solomon Islands 0 0 0 0 0Sri Lanka 3,495 4,120 6,956 6,692 7,042
Thailand 9,340 9,366 13,480 13,596 13,386
Timor-Leste 0 0 0,028 0,055 0,058Tonga 0 0 0 0 0Tuvalu 0 0 0 0 0
United States 63,160 50,972 62,29
1 66,818 68,683
Vanuatu 0 0 0 0 0
Vietnam 28,284 17,324 21,32
2 20,177 21,094
TABLE A.92: MILITARY PERSONNEL AND ACTIVE NATIONAL FORCES. LEADER-LAGGARD.303
303 Own compilation, standardization and illustration based on data taken from IISS (1992), (1997), (2002), (2007), (2012) and (2015).
112
Countries/Year 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012Australia 665304 264305 1574306 2928 2577
Bangladesh 919 1040 5331 8902 8552Bhutan NA NA NA NA NA
Brunei Darussalam 0 0 0 0 39Cambodia 0 0 0 49 221
China 470 39 49 1484 1840Hong Kong NA NA NA NA NA
Macao NA NA NA NA NADR Korea NA307 Na308 Na Na309 Na
Fiji 1100 983 1130 688 626French Polynesia NA NA NA NA NA
India 500 570 2415 8921 7512Indonesia 1186 116 35 332 1588
Japan 0 45 720 30 258Kiribati NA NA NA NA NALaos 0 0 0 0 0
Malaysia 910 1112 78 77 891Maldives NA NA NA NA NA
Marshall Islands NA NA NA NA NAFederated States of
Micronesia NA NA NA NA NA
Mongolia 0 0 0 445 192Myanmar 0 0 0 0 0
Nauru NA NA NA NA NANepal 870 669 1000 3046 3547
New Caledonia NA NA NA NA NANew Zealand 132 112 773 394 317
Northern Mariana Islands NA NA NA NA NAPakistan 1565 1114 4588 9276 8319
Palau NA NA NA NA NAPapua New Guinea 0 0 0 Na310 41
Philippines 92 0 66 360 652Republic of Korea 0 33 564 3531 1124
Russian Federation 12396 6618 20822 32568 30574Samoa NA NA NA NA NA
Singapore 517311 1166 1063 936 253Solomon Islands NA NA NA NA NA
Sri Lanka 0 0 0 969 1123Thailand 721 5 383 195 831
Timor-Leste NA NA 0 0 0Tonga NA NA NA NA NATuvalu NA NA NA NA NA
United States 315653312 242229313 525355 346802 277320Vanuatu NA NA NA NA NAVietnam 0 0 0 0 0
TABLE A.93: MILITARY TROOPS ABROAD.314
304 Advisers in some states.305 Advisers in some states.306 Advisers in some states.307 Some advisers in African countries.308 Some advisers in African countries.309 Some advisers in African countries.310 Some in Solomon Islands.311 And more in training camps.312 Plus forces at sea.313 Plus forces at sea.314 Own compilation and illustration based on data taken from IISS (1992), (1997), (2002), (2007), (2012) and (2015).
113
Countries/Year 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012Australia 0,211 0,109 0,300 0,844 0,929
Bangladesh 0,291 0,429 1,015 2,567 3,084Bhutan 0 0 0 0 0
Brunei Darussalam 0 0 0 0 0,014Cambodia 0 0 0 0,014 0,080
China 0,149 0,016 0,009 0,428 0,663Hong Kong 0 0 0 0 0
Macao 0 0 0 0 0DR Korea 0 0 0 0 0
Fiji 0,348 0,406 0,215 0,198 0,226French Polynesia 0 0 0 0 0
India 0,158 0,235 0,460 2,572 2,709Indonesia 0,376 0,048 0,007 0,096 0,573
Japan 0 0,019 0,137 0,009 0,093Kiribati 0 0 0 0 0Laos 0 0 0 0 0
Malaysia 0,288 0,459 0,015 0,022 0,321Maldives 0 0 0 0 0
Marshall Islands 0 0 0 0 0Federated States of
Micronesia 0 0 0 0 0
Mongolia 0 0 0 0,128 0,069Myanmar 0 0 0 0 0
Nauru 0 0 0 0 0Nepal 0,276 0,276 0,190 0,878 1,279
New Caledonia 0 0 0 0 0New Zealand 0,042 0,046 0,147 0,114 0,114
Northern Mariana Islands 0 0 0 0 0Pakistan 0,496 0,460 0,873 2,675 3,000
Palau 0 0 0 0 0Papua New Guinea 0 0 0 0 0,015
Philippines 0,029 0 0,013 0,104 0,235Republic of Korea 0 0,014 0,107 1,018 0,405
Russian Federation 3,927 2,732 3,963 9,391 11,025Samoa 0 0 0 0 0
Singapore 0,164 0,481 0,202 0,270 0,091Solomon Islands 0 0 0 0 0
Sri Lanka 0 0 0 0,279 0,405Thailand 0,228 0,002 0,073 0,056 0,300
Timor-Leste 0 0 0 0 0Tonga 0 0 0 0 0Tuvalu 0 0 0 0 0
United States 100 100 100 100 100Vanuatu 0 0 0 0 0Vietnam 0 0 0 0 0
TABLE A.94: MILITARY TROOPS ABROAD IN THOUSAND. LEADER-LAGGARD.315
315 Own compilation, standardization and illustration based on data taken from IISS (1992), (1997), (2002), (2007), (2012) and (2015).
114
Countries/Year 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012
Australia 0 0 0 0 0Bangladesh 0 0 0 0 0
Bhutan 0 0 0 0 0Brunei Darussalam 0 0 0 0 0
Cambodia 0 0 0 0 0China 50 50 50 50 50
Hong Kong 0 0 0 0 0Macao 0 0 0 0 0
DR Korea 0 0 0 20 20Fiji 0 0 0 0 0
French Polynesia 0 0 0 0 0India 50 50 50 50 50
Indonesia 0 0 0 0 0Japan 20 20 20 20 20Kiribati 0 0 0 0 0Laos 0 0 0 0 0
Malaysia 0 0 0 0 0Maldives 0 0 0 0 0
Marshall Islands 0 0 0 0 0Federated States of
Micronesia 0 0 0 0 0
Mongolia 0 0 0 0 0Myanmar 0 0 0 0 0
Nauru 0 0 0 0 0Nepal 0 0 0 0 0
New Caledonia 0 0 0 0 0New Zealand 0 0 0 0 0
Northern Mariana Islands 0 0 0 0 0Pakistan 0 20 50 50 50
Palau 0 0 0 0 0Papua New Guinea 0 0 0 0 0
Philippines 0 0 0 0 0Republic of Korea 20 202 20 20 20
Russian Federation 100 100 100 100 100Samoa 0 0 0 0 0
Singapore 0 0 0 0 0Solomon Islands 0 0 0 0 0
Sri Lanka 0 0 0 0 0Thailand 0 0 0 0 0
Timor-Leste 0 0 0 0 0Tonga 0 0 0 0 0Tuvalu 0 0 0 0 0
United States 100 100 100 100 100Vanuatu 0 0 0 0 0Vietnam 0 0 0 0 0
TABLE A.95: NUCLEAR MILITARY CAPABILITIES.316
316 Own compilation and illustration based on data taken from Kristensen and Norris (2014) as well as World Nuclear Association (2015).
115
Country CIAP1992
CIAP1997
CIAP2002
CIAP2007
CIAP2012
KMEANS1992
Distance1992
KMEANS1997
Distance1997
KMEANS2002
Distance
2002KMEANS
2007Distance
2007KMEANS
2012Distance
2012
Australia 25,72 29,02 32,74 27,87 27,05 1,00 12,52 1,00 23,59 1,00 14,23 1,00 0,00 1,00 0,00
Bangladesh 4,89 7,15 9,00 7,79 9,07 3,00 4,89 3,00 7,15 3,00 9,00 3,00 7,79 3,00 9,07Bhutan 2,69 4,46 6,95 5,99 5,75 3,00 2,69 3,00 4,46 3,00 6,95 3,00 5,99 3,00 5,75
Brunei Darussalam 7,66 11,43 13,79 10,21 9,33 3,00 7,66 3,00 11,43 3,00 13,79 3,00 10,21 3,00 9,33
Cambodia 6,07 7,38 8,66 7,54 7,69 3,00 6,07 3,00 7,38 3,00 8,66 3,00 7,54 3,00 7,69
China 36,61 52,61 67,79 72,10 88,93 1,00 1,62 1,00 0,00 2,00 4,49 2,00 16,38 4,00 11,07
Hong Kong 2,65 2,83 3,38 3,20 2,69 3,00 2,65 3,00 2,83 3,00 3,38 3,00 3,20 3,00 2,69Macao 1,22 1,36 1,35 1,68 1,80 3,00 1,22 3,00 1,36 3,00 1,35 3,00 1,68 3,00 1,80
DR Korea 4,07 4,60 4,65 9,44 9,89 3,00 4,07 3,00 4,60 3,00 4,65 3,00 9,44 3,00 9,89Fiji 3,38 3,49 4,36 5,07 3,54 3,00 3,38 3,00 3,49 3,00 4,36 3,00 5,07 3,00 3,54
French Polynesia 0,04 0,12 0,08 0,12 0,14 3,00 0,04 3,00 0,12 3,00 0,08 3,00 0,12 3,00 0,14
India 38,24 40,24 46,97 55,72 53,27 1,00 0,00 1,00 12,37 1,00 0,00 2,00 0,00 2,00 0,00
Indonesia 10,14 12,33 12,76 12,45 14,98 3,00 10,14 3,00 12,33 3,00 12,76 3,00 12,45 1,00 12,07
Japan 24,96 25,07 26,30 22,71 21,10 1,00 13,28 3,00 25,07 1,00 20,67 1,00 5,16 1,00 5,95
Kiribati 0,06 0,12 0,08 0,12 0,14 3,00 0,06 3,00 0,12 3,00 0,08 3,00 0,12 3,00 0,14Laos 9,08 7,46 8,01 7,06 6,80 3,00 9,08 3,00 7,46 3,00 8,01 3,00 7,06 3,00 6,80
Malaysia 7,48 9,61 13,17 10,91 9,95 3,00 7,48 3,00 9,61 3,00 13,17 3,00 10,91 3,00 9,95
Maldives 0,06 0,14 0,09 0,14 0,16 3,00 0,06 3,00 0,14 3,00 0,09 3,00 0,14 3,00 0,16Marshall Islands 0,06 0,13 0,08 0,12 0,14 3,00 0,06 3,00 0,13 3,00 0,08 3,00 0,12 3,00 0,14
Federated States of Micronesia 0,05 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 3,00 0,05 3,00 0,00 3,00 0,00 3,00 0,00 3,00 0,00
Mongolia 2,42 2,49 3,38 3,61 3,55 3,00 2,42 3,00 2,49 3,00 3,38 3,00 3,61 3,00 3,55Myanmar 6,58 7,21 8,50 8,67 10,61 3,00 6,58 3,00 7,21 3,00 8,50 3,00 8,67 3,00 10,61
Nauru 0,06 0,13 0,08 0,13 0,15 3,00 0,06 3,00 0,13 3,00 0,08 3,00 0,13 3,00 0,15Nepal 0,72 0,95 1,67 2,27 2,42 3,00 0,72 3,00 0,95 3,00 1,67 3,00 2,27 3,00 2,42
New Caledonia 0,32 0,24 0,26 0,35 0,31 3,00 0,32 3,00 0,24 3,00 0,26 3,00 0,35 3,00 0,31
New Zealand 8,12 9,77 12,68 12,24 10,05 3,00 8,12 3,00 9,77 3,00 12,68 3,00 12,24 3,00 10,05
Northern Mariana Islands 0,06 0,13 0,08 0,12 0,14 3,00 0,06 3,00 0,13 3,00 0,08 3,00 0,12 3,00 0,14
Pakistan 9,96 15,70 21,58 21,18 23,98 3,00 9,96 3,00 15,70 3,00 21,58 1,00 6,69 1,00 3,07
116
Palau 0,06 0,13 0,08 0,12 0,14 3,00 0,06 3,00 0,13 3,00 0,08 3,00 0,12 3,00 0,14Papua New Guinea 1,17 2,00 1,10 1,43 1,53 3,00 1,17 3,00 2,00 3,00 1,10 3,00 1,43 3,00 1,53
Philippines 6,93 9,53 10,93 10,22 10,00 3,00 6,93 3,00 9,53 3,00 10,93 3,00 10,22 3,00 10,00
Republic of Korea 13,39 16,62 20,59 21,19 21,60 3,00 13,39 3,00 16,62 3,00 20,59 1,00 6,68 1,00 5,45
Russian Federation 69,28 69,49 72,27 74,04 77,79 2,00 0,00 2,00 0,00 2,00 0,00 2,00 18,32 4,00 22,21
Samoa 0,06 0,12 0,08 0,12 0,14 3,00 0,06 3,00 0,12 3,00 0,08 3,00 0,12 3,00 0,14
Singapore 7,10 9,52 12,02 10,64 9,72 3,00 7,10 3,00 9,52 3,00 12,02 3,00 10,64 3,00 9,72
Solomon Islands 0,08 0,14 0,10 0,14 0,16 3,00 0,08 3,00 0,14 3,00 0,10 3,00 0,14 3,00 0,16
Sri Lanka 6,18 9,30 10,96 10,11 8,07 3,00 6,18 3,00 9,30 3,00 10,96 3,00 10,11 3,00 8,07
Thailand 12,32 13,58 16,40 17,32 17,37 3,00 12,32 3,00 13,58 3,00 16,40 1,00 10,55 1,00 9,67
Timor-Leste 0,00 0,10 0,07 0,96 0,63 3,00 0,00 3,00 0,10 3,00 0,07 3,00 0,96 3,00 0,63Tonga 0,06 0,12 0,08 0,12 0,14 3,00 0,06 3,00 0,12 3,00 0,08 3,00 0,12 3,00 0,14Tuvalu 0,06 0,12 0,08 0,12 0,14 3,00 0,06 3,00 0,12 3,00 0,08 3,00 0,12 3,00 0,14
United States 100 100 100 100 100 4,00 0,00 4,00 0,00 4,00 0,00 4,00 0,00 4,00 0,00Vanuatu 0,07 0,13 0,09 0,13 0,15 3,00 0,07 3,00 0,13 3,00 0,09 3,00 0,13 3,00 0,15
Vietnam 9,38 9,19 12,01 13,96 13,68 3,00 9,38 3,00 9,19 3,00 12,01 1,00 13,91 1,00 13,37
TABLE A.96: CLUSTER ANALYSIS OF CIAP I (1:2:2)317
317 Own compilation, standardization, calculation (SPSS) and illustration. ‘KMEANS’ = k-means clustering of respective year; ‘Distance’ = distance to respective cluster centre. Note that numbers in KMEANS indicate grouping and not ranking. Colour coding: purple = primary power(s), dark blue = regional great powers, azure = middle powers, pastel green = small powers or ‘the rest’.
117
Country CIAP1992
CIAP1997
CIAP2002
CIAP2007
CIAP2012
KMEANS1992
Distance1992
KMEANS1997
Distance1997
KMEANS2002
Distance
2002KMEANS
2007Distance
2007KMEANS
2012Distance
2012
Australia 21,85 24,69 27,97 24,00 23,27 1,00 1,45 1,00 0,00 1,00 5,10 1,00 0,00 1,00 2,45
Bangladesh 4,27 6,25 7,84 6,86 8,13 3,00 4,27 3,00 6,25 3,00 7,84 3,00 6,86 3,00 8,13Bhutan 2,20 3,65 5,69 4,90 4,70 3,00 2,20 3,00 3,65 3,00 5,69 3,00 4,90 3,00 4,70
Brunei D 7,73 11,49 13,42 9,63 8,80 3,00 7,73 3,00 11,49 1,00 9,45 3,00 9,63 3,00 8,80
Cambodia 5,79 6,88 7,72 6,73 7,05 3,00 5,79 3,00 6,88 3,00 7,72 3,00 6,73 3,00 7,05
China 34,66 49,36 63,37 66,93 82,46 1,00 11,36 2,00 0,00 2,00 9,22 2,00 13,12 4,00 17,54
Hong Kong 2,17 2,32 2,76 2,62 2,20 3,00 2,17 3,00 2,32 3,00 2,76 3,00 2,62 3,00 2,20Macao 0,99 1,11 1,10 1,37 1,48 3,00 0,99 3,00 1,11 3,00 1,10 3,00 1,37 3,00 1,48
DR Korea 4,08 4,55 4,82 10,50 11,17 3,00 4,08 3,00 4,55 3,00 4,82 3,00 10,50 3,00 11,17Fiji 3,31 3,38 4,34 5,33 3,63 3,00 3,31 3,00 3,38 3,00 4,34 3,00 5,33 3,00 3,63
French P 0,03 0,09 0,06 0,10 0,11 3,00 0,03 3,00 0,09 3,00 0,06 3,00 0,10 3,00 0,11
India 37,64 39,30 45,62 53,81 51,82 1,00 14,35 2,00 10,06 1,00 22,76 2,00 0,00 2,00 0,00
Indonesia 8,67 10,63 10,94 10,73 12,96 3,00 8,67 3,00 10,63 3,00 10,94 3,00 10,73 1,00 12,76
Japan 23,30 23,71 24,88 21,61 20,38 1,00 0,00 1,00 0,98 1,00 2,02 1,00 2,39 1,00 5,34
Kiribati 0,05 0,10 0,06 0,10 0,11 3,00 0,05 3,00 0,10 3,00 0,06 3,00 0,10 3,00 0,11Laos 9,48 7,00 6,79 5,98 5,68 3,00 9,48 3,00 7,00 3,00 6,79 3,00 5,98 3,00 5,68
Malaysia 7,03 8,67 11,87 10,08 9,01 3,00 7,03 3,00 8,67 1,00 10,99 3,00 10,08 3,00 9,01
Maldives 0,05 0,11 0,08 0,11 0,14 3,00 0,05 3,00 0,11 3,00 0,08 3,00 0,11 3,00 0,14Marshall 0,05 0,10 0,07 0,10 0,12 3,00 0,05 3,00 0,10 3,00 0,07 3,00 0,10 3,00 0,12
Federated States of Micronesia 0,04 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 3,00 0,04 3,00 0,00 3,00 0,00 3,00 0,00 3,00 0,00
Mongolia 2,43 2,50 3,53 3,71 3,51 3,00 2,43 3,00 2,50 3,00 3,53 3,00 3,71 3,00 3,51Myanmar 6,27 6,72 7,57 8,33 10,61 3,00 6,27 3,00 6,72 3,00 7,57 3,00 8,33 3,00 10,61
Nauru 0,05 0,11 0,07 0,10 0,12 3,00 0,05 3,00 0,11 3,00 0,07 3,00 0,10 3,00 0,12Nepal 0,76 1,00 1,88 2,56 2,71 3,00 0,76 3,00 1,00 3,00 1,88 3,00 2,56 3,00 2,71
New Caledonia 0,26 0,20 0,21 0,29 0,25 3,00 0,26 3,00 0,20 3,00 0,21 3,00 0,29 3,00 0,25
New Zealand 7,08 8,44 10,87 10,59 8,73 3,00 7,08 3,00 8,44 3,00 10,87 3,00 10,59 3,00 8,73
Northern Mariana Islands 0,05 0,10 0,07 0,10 0,12 3,00 0,05 3,00 0,10 3,00 0,07 3,00 0,10 3,00 0,12
Pakistan 9,91 16,15 22,87 22,65 25,72 3,00 9,91 1,00 8,54 1,00 0,00 1,00 1,34 1,00 0,00
118
Palau 0,05 0,10 0,07 0,10 0,12 3,00 0,05 3,00 0,10 3,00 0,07 3,00 0,10 3,00 0,12Papua New Guinea 1,28 2,20 1,14 1,49 1,57 3,00 1,28 3,00 2,20 3,00 1,14 3,00 1,49 3,00 1,57
Philippines 6,24 8,53 9,61 9,05 8,82 3,00 6,24 3,00 8,53 3,00 9,61 3,00 9,05 3,00 8,82
ROK 14,35 17,33 20,93 21,83 22,27 1,00 8,94 1,00 7,36 1,00 1,93 1,00 2,16 1,00 3,45
Russian Federation 70,26 70,11 72,58 74,11 78,24 2,00 0,00 2,00 20,74 2,00 0,00 2,00 20,30 4,00 21,76
Samoa 0,05 0,10 0,06 0,10 0,11 3,00 0,05 3,00 0,10 3,00 0,06 3,00 0,10 3,00 0,11
Singapore 7,00 9,15 11,64 10,35 9,38 3,00 7,00 3,00 9,15 1,00 11,22 3,00 10,35 3,00 9,38
Solomon Islands 0,07 0,12 0,08 0,12 0,14 3,00 0,07 3,00 0,12 3,00 0,08 3,00 0,12 3,00 0,14
Sri Lanka 5,96 9,03 10,32 9,87 7,74 3,00 5,96 3,00 9,03 3,00 10,32 3,00 9,87 3,00 7,74
Thailand 11,15 12,11 14,38 15,28 15,39 3,00 11,15 3,00 12,11 1,00 8,48 1,00 8,72 1,00 10,32
Timor-Leste 0 0,08 0,06 1,13 0,70 3,00 0,00 3,00 0,08 3,00 0,06 3,00 1,13 3,00 0,70Tonga 0,05 0,10 0,06 0,10 0,11 3,00 0,05 3,00 0,10 3,00 0,06 3,00 0,10 3,00 0,11Tuvalu 0,05 0,10 0,07 0,10 0,12 3,00 0,05 3,00 0,10 3,00 0,07 3,00 0,10 3,00 0,12
United States 100 100 100 100 100 4,00 0,00 4,00 0,00 4,00 0,00 4,00 0,00 4,00 0,00Vanuatu 0,06 0,11 0,08 0,11 0,12 3,00 0,06 3,00 0,11 3,00 0,08 3,00 0,11 3,00 0,12
Vietnam 9,10 7,89 10,29 13,14 12,85 3,00 9,10 3,00 7,89 3,00 10,29 1,00 10,85 3,00 12,85
TABLE A.97: CLUSTER ANALYSIS OF CIAP II (1:2:3; ‘CLINE SCENARIO’)318
318 Own compilation, standardization, calculation (SPSS) and illustration. ‘KMEANS’ = k-means clustering of respective year; ‘Distance’ = distance to respective cluster centre. Note that numbers in KMEANS indicate grouping and not ranking. Colour coding: purple = primary power(s), dark blue = regional great powers, azure = middle powers, pastel green = small powers or ‘the rest’.
119
Country CIAP1992
CIAP1997
CIAP2002
CIAP2007
CIAP2012
KMEANS1992
Distance1992
KMEANS1997
Distance1997
KMEANS2002
Distance
2002KMEANS
2007Distance
2007KMEANS
2012Distance
2012
Australia 29,26 32,36 36,14 31,44 30,69 1,00 0,00 1,00 8,24 1,00 10,90 1,00 0,00 1,00 0,00
Bangladesh 5,39 7,51 9,28 8,23 9,53 3,00 5,39 3,00 7,51 3,00 9,28 3,00 8,23 3,00 9,53Bhutan 2,43 4,04 6,29 5,42 5,10 3,00 2,43 3,00 4,04 3,00 6,29 3,00 5,42 3,00 5,10
Brunei Darussalam 6,88 10,30 12,42 9,19 8,23 3,00 6,88 3,00 10,30 3,00 12,42 3,00 9,19 3,00 8,23
Cambodia 5,68 6,85 8,01 7,02 7,03 3,00 5,68 3,00 6,85 3,00 8,01 3,00 7,02 3,00 7,03
China 45,23 63,58 80,02 83,63 100 1,00 15,97 2,00 15,42 4,00 19,98 4,00 16,37 4,00 0,00
Hong Kong 2,43 2,61 3,10 2,94 2,43 3,00 2,43 3,00 2,61 3,00 3,10 3,00 2,94 3,00 2,43Macao 1,08 1,23 1,21 1,51 1,59 3,00 1,08 3,00 1,23 3,00 1,21 3,00 1,51 3,00 1,59
DR Korea 3,94 4,44 4,51 8,82 9,05 3,00 3,94 3,00 4,44 3,00 4,51 3,00 8,82 3,00 9,05Fiji 3,05 3,17 3,95 4,59 3,14 3,00 3,05 3,00 3,17 3,00 3,95 3,00 4,59 3,00 3,14
French Polynesia 0,02 0,11 0,07 0,11 0,13 3,00 0,02 3,00 0,11 3,00 0,07 3,00 0,11 3,00 0,13
India 46,59 48,17 55,05 65,65 62,56 1,00 17,33 2,00 0,00 2,00 0,00 2,00 0,00 2,00 0,00
Indonesia 12,09 14,07 14,22 14,06 16,79 3,00 12,09 1,00 10,04 1,00 11,03 3,00 14,06 1,00 13,90
Japan 24,08 24,12 25,25 21,91 20,10 1,00 5,18 1,00 0,00 1,00 0,00 1,00 9,53 1,00 10,59
Kiribati 0,04 0,11 0,07 0,11 0,12 3,00 0,04 3,00 0,11 3,00 0,07 3,00 0,11 3,00 0,12Laos 8,38 6,90 7,41 6,57 6,24 3,00 8,38 3,00 6,90 3,00 7,41 3,00 6,57 3,00 6,24
Malaysia 7,20 9,14 12,39 10,32 9,34 3,00 7,20 3,00 9,14 3,00 12,39 3,00 10,32 3,00 9,34
Maldives 0,04 0,12 0,09 0,13 0,15 3,00 0,04 3,00 0,12 3,00 0,09 3,00 0,13 3,00 0,15Marshall Islands 0,04 0,11 0,07 0,11 0,12 3,00 0,04 3,00 0,11 3,00 0,07 3,00 0,11 3,00 0,12
Federated States of Micronesia 0,03 0 0 0 0 3,00 0,03 3,00 0,00 3,00 0,00 3,00 0,00 3,00 0,00
Mongolia 3,28 3,34 4,32 4,69 4,66 3,00 3,28 3,00 3,34 3,00 4,32 3,00 4,69 3,00 4,66Myanmar 6,73 7,17 8,37 8,49 10,16 3,00 6,73 3,00 7,17 3,00 8,37 3,00 8,49 3,00 10,16
Nauru 0,04 0,12 0,08 0,11 0,13 3,00 0,04 3,00 0,12 3,00 0,08 3,00 0,11 3,00 0,13Nepal 0,85 1,11 1,82 2,39 2,54 3,00 0,85 3,00 1,11 3,00 1,82 3,00 2,39 3,00 2,54
New Caledonia 0,29 0,23 0,25 0,33 0,29 3,00 0,29 3,00 0,23 3,00 0,25 3,00 0,33 3,00 0,29
New Zealand 7,54 9,04 11,67 11,29 9,12 3,00 7,54 3,00 9,04 3,00 11,67 3,00 11,29 3,00 9,12
Northern Mariana Islands 0,04 0,11 0,07 0,11 0,12 3,00 0,04 3,00 0,11 3,00 0,07 3,00 0,11 3,00 0,12
Pakistan 10,53 15,78 21,02 20,79 23,23 3,00 10,53 1,00 8,34 1,00 4,23 1,00 10,65 1,00 7,46
120
Palau 0,04 0,11 0,07 0,11 0,12 3,00 0,04 3,00 0,11 3,00 0,07 3,00 0,11 3,00 0,12Papua New Guinea 1,42 2,24 1,39 1,73 1,85 3,00 1,42 3,00 2,24 3,00 1,39 3,00 1,73 3,00 1,85
Philippines 7,11 9,57 10,79 10,20 9,92 3,00 7,11 3,00 9,57 3,00 10,79 3,00 10,20 3,00 9,92
Republic of Korea 12,59 15,53 19,13 19,69 19,66 3,00 12,59 1,00 8,59 1,00 6,11 1,00 11,75 1,00 11,04
Russian Federation 77,31 78,22 80,70 82,29 84,86 2,00 0,00 4,00 21,78 4,00 19,30 2,00 16,64 4,00 15,15
Samoa 0,04 0,11 0,07 0,11 0,12 3,00 0,04 3,00 0,11 3,00 0,07 3,00 0,11 3,00 0,12
Singapore 6,41 8,61 10,85 9,61 8,61 3,00 6,41 3,00 8,61 3,00 10,85 3,00 9,61 3,00 8,61
Solomon Islands 0,08 0,15 0,11 0,15 0,17 3,00 0,08 3,00 0,15 3,00 0,11 3,00 0,15 3,00 0,17
Sri Lanka 5,78 8,59 10,08 9,32 7,32 3,00 5,78 3,00 8,59 3,00 10,08 3,00 9,32 3,00 7,32
Thailand 12,24 13,29 15,87 16,80 16,55 3,00 12,24 1,00 10,83 1,00 9,38 1,00 14,64 1,00 14,15
Timor-Leste 0 0,11 0,09 0,88 0,58 3,00 0,00 3,00 0,11 3,00 0,09 3,00 0,88 3,00 0,58Tonga 0,04 0,11 0,07 0,11 0,12 3,00 0,04 3,00 0,11 3,00 0,07 3,00 0,11 3,00 0,12Tuvalu 0,04 0,11 0,07 0,11 0,12 3,00 0,04 3,00 0,11 3,00 0,07 3,00 0,11 3,00 0,12
United States 100 100 100 100 97,90 4,00 0,00 4,00 0,00 4,00 0,00 4,00 0,00 4,00 2,10Vanuatu 0,06 0,13 0,10 0,13 0,14 3,00 0,06 3,00 0,13 3,00 0,10 3,00 0,13 3,00 0,14
Vietnam 9,39 9,23 11,87 13,67 13,24 3,00 9,39 3,00 9,23 3,00 11,87 3,00 13,67 3,00 13,24
TABLE A.98: CLUSTER ANALYSIS OF CIAP III (1:1:1)319
319 Own compilation, standardization, calculation (SPSS) and illustration. ‘KMEANS’ = k-means clustering of respective year; ‘Distance’ = distance to respective cluster centre. Note that numbers in KMEANS indicate grouping and not ranking. Colour coding: purple = primary power(s), dark blue = regional great powers, azure = middle powers, pastel green = small powers or ‘the rest’.
121
Country CIAP1992
CIAP1997
CIAP2002
CIAP2007
CIAP2012
KMEANS1992
Distance1992
KMEANS1997
Distance1997
KMEANS2002
Distance
2002KMEANS
2007Distance
2007KMEANS
2012Distance
2012
Australia 27,98 31,83 35,96 30,13 28,88 1,00 14,45 1,00 15,43 1,00 8,67 1,00 5,95 1,00 6,52
Bangladesh 5,29 7,87 10,04 8,51 9,71 3,00 5,29 3,00 7,87 3,00 10,04 3,00 8,51 3,00 9,71
Bhutan 3,30 5,46 8,52 7,34 7,04 3,00 3,30 3,00 5,46 3,00 8,52 3,00 7,34 3,00 7,04
Brunei D 7,94 11,89 14,79 11,25 10,29 1,00 5,59 1,00 4,51 3,00 14,79 3,00 11,25 3,00 10,29
Cambodia 6,54 8,12 9,89 8,59 8,56 3,00 6,54 3,00 8,12 3,00 9,89 3,00 8,59 3,00 8,56
China 34,66 50,88 66,64 72,02 89,38 1,00 21,13 2,00 14,02 2,00 1,49 4,00 18,91 4,00 10,62
Hong Kong 3,24 3,45 4,12 3,90 3,27 3,00 3,24 3,00 3,45 3,00 4,12 3,00 3,90 3,00 3,27Macao 1,50 1,67 1,65 2,06 2,21 3,00 1,50 3,00 1,67 3,00 1,65 3,00 2,06 3,00 2,21
DR Korea 4,11 4,73 4,55 8,66 8,90 3,00 4,11 3,00 4,73 3,00 4,55 3,00 8,66 3,00 8,90Fiji 3,59 3,75 4,56 5,04 3,60 3,00 3,59 3,00 3,75 3,00 4,56 3,00 5,04 3,00 3,60
French P 0,06 0,14 0,09 0,14 0,17 3,00 0,06 3,00 0,14 3,00 0,09 3,00 0,14 3,00 0,17
India 35,04 37,58 44,64 53,11 49,88 1,00 21,51 1,00 21,18 1,00 0,00 4,00 0,00 2,00 0,00
Indonesia 10,74 13,24 13,92 13,43 16,00 1,00 2,79 1,00 3,16 3,00 13,92 1,00 10,75 1,00 6,35
Japan 27,01 26,86 28,19 24,18 22,09 1,00 13,49 1,00 10,46 1,00 16,45 1,00 0,00 1,00 0,27
Kiribati 0,08 0,15 0,09 0,15 0,17 3,00 0,08 3,00 0,15 3,00 0,09 3,00 0,15 3,00 0,17Laos 9,01 8,18 9,51 8,36 8,10 1,00 4,52 3,00 8,18 3,00 9,51 3,00 8,36 3,00 8,10
Malaysia 8,06 10,76 14,83 12,01 11,08 1,00 5,47 1,00 5,64 3,00 14,83 3,00 12,01 3,00 11,08
Maldives 0,09 0,17 0,11 0,17 0,20 3,00 0,09 3,00 0,17 3,00 0,11 3,00 0,17 3,00 0,20Marshall 0,08 0,16 0,10 0,15 0,18 3,00 0,08 3,00 0,16 3,00 0,10 3,00 0,15 3,00 0,18
Federated States of Micronesia 0,07 0 0 0 0 3,00 0,07 3,00 0,00 3,00 0,00 3,00 0,00 3,00 0,00
Mongolia 2,02 2,09 2,81 3,02 3,03 3,00 2,02 3,00 2,09 3,00 2,81 3,00 3,02 3,00 3,03Myanmar 6,83 7,71 9,50 9,09 10,70 1,00 6,70 3,00 7,71 3,00 9,50 3,00 9,09 3,00 10,70
Nauru 0,09 0,16 0,11 0,15 0,18 3,00 0,09 3,00 0,16 3,00 0,11 3,00 0,15 3,00 0,18Nepal 0,61 0,83 1,40 1,93 2,05 3,00 0,61 3,00 0,83 3,00 1,40 3,00 1,93 3,00 2,05
New Caledonia 0,40 0,29 0,31 0,43 0,37 3,00 0,40 3,00 0,29 3,00 0,31 3,00 0,43 3,00 0,37
New Zealand 9,41 11,44 14,95 14,33 11,71 1,00 4,12 1,00 4,97 3,00 14,95 1,00 9,85 1,00 10,65
Northern Mariana Islands 0,09 0,16 0,10 0,15 0,18 3,00 0,09 3,00 0,16 3,00 0,10 3,00 0,15 3,00 0,18Pakistan 9,76 15,22 20,5 19,89 22,36 1,00 3,77 1,00 1,18 3,00 20,55 1,00 4,28 1,00 0,00
122
5Palau 0,08 0,15 0,10 0,15 0,17 3,00 0,08 3,00 0,15 3,00 0,10 3,00 0,15 3,00 0,17
Papua New Guinea 0,95 1,69 0,94 1,24 1,32 3,00 0,95 3,00 1,69 3,00 0,94 3,00 1,24 3,00 1,32
Philippines 7,53 10,51 12,32 11,40 11,11 1,00 6,00 1,00 5,89 3,00 12,32 3,00 11,40 3,00 11,11
ROK 12,78 16,40 20,91 21,24 21,62 1,00 0,75 1,00 0,00 3,00 20,91 1,00 2,94 1,00 0,74
Russian Federation 64,66 64,90 68,13 70,22 73,29 2,00 0,00 2,00 0,00 2,00 0,00 2,00 17,12 2,00 23,41
Samoa 0,08 0,15 0,09 0,15 0,17 3,00 0,08 3,00 0,15 3,00 0,09 3,00 0,15 3,00 0,17
Singapore 7,51 10,30 12,92 11,39 10,50 1,00 6,02 1,00 6,10 3,00 12,92 3,00 11,39 3,00 10,50
Solomon Islands 0,10 0,17 0,11 0,16 0,19 3,00 0,10 3,00 0,17 3,00 0,11 3,00 0,16 3,00 0,19
Sri Lanka 6,59 9,90 12,00 10,71 8,66 3,00 6,59 1,00 6,50 3,00 12,00 3,00 10,71 3,00 8,66
Thailand 13,53 15,19 18,65 19,61 19,57 1,00 0,00 1,00 1,21 3,00 18,65 1,00 4,57 1,00 2,79
Timor-Leste 0 0,12 0,08 0,82 0,58 3,00 0,00 3,00 0,12 3,00 0,08 3,00 0,82 3,00 0,58Tonga 0,08 0,15 0,10 0,14 0,17 3,00 0,08 3,00 0,15 3,00 0,10 3,00 0,14 3,00 0,17Tuvalu 0,08 0,15 0,10 0,15 0,17 3,00 0,08 3,00 0,15 3,00 0,10 3,00 0,15 3,00 0,17
United States 100 100 100 100 100 4,00 0,00 4,00 0,00 4,00 0,00 4,00 0,00 4,00 0,00Vanuatu 0,10 0,16 0,11 0,16 0,18 3,00 0,10 3,00 0,16 3,00 0,11 3,00 0,16 3,00 0,18
Vietnam 9,65 10,48 13,79 14,92 14,58 1,00 3,88 1,00 5,92 3,00 13,79 1,00 9,26 1,00 7,78
TABLE A.99: CLUSTER ANALYSIS OF CIAP IV (1:3:2)320
320 Own compilation, standardization, calculation (SPSS) and illustration. ‘KMEANS’ = k-means clustering of respective year; ‘Distance’ = distance to respective cluster centre. Note that numbers in KMEANS indicate grouping and not ranking. Colour coding: purple = primary power(s), dark blue = regional great powers, azure = middle powers, pastel green = small powers or ‘the rest’.
123
Countries/Year 1992 1997321 2002 2007 2012322
Australia 0,835 0,885 0,895 0,859 0,725Bangladesh 0,541 0,54 0,546 0,542 0,658
Bhutan 0,399 0,468 0,617 0,494 0,766Brunei Darussalam NA NA NA NA NA
Cambodia NA 0,436 0,441 0,536 0,598China 0,421 0,645 1,001 1,022 1,141
Hong Kong NA NA NA NA NAMacao NA NA NA NA NA
DR Korea NA NA NA NA NAFiji 1,187 1,243 1,082 1,313 1,344
French Polynesia NA NA NA NA NAIndia 1,179 1,051 0,995 1,196 1,051
Indonesia 0,999 1,008 0,716 0,735 0,709Japan 0,841 0,826 0,79 0,839 0,849Kiribati NA NA NA NA NALaos NA 0,541 0,602 0,767 0,993
Malaysia 1,147 1,048 0,835 0,651 0,732Maldives 0,777 0,772 0,518 0,905 1,164
Marshall Islands NA NA NA NA NAFederated States of
Micronesia NA NA NA NA NA
Mongolia 0,823 0,807 1,047 1,208 1,181Myanmar 0,395 0,343 0,153 0,336 0,243
Nauru NA NA NA NA NANepal 0,476 0,596 0,603 0,691 0,935
New Caledonia NA NA NA NA NANew Zealand 1,15 1,097 1,041 1,05 0,956
Northern Mariana Islands NA NA NA NA NAPakistan 0,956 0,923 0,714 0,668 0,63
Palau NA NA NA NA NAPapua New Guinea 0,967 1,323 1,068 1,381 1,406
Philippines 1,05 1,059 0,708 0,807 0,761Republic of Korea 0,67 0,682 0,759 0,827 0,77
Russian Federation 1,271 1,566 1,413 1,554 1,327Samoa NA NA NA NA NA
Singapore 0,613 0,544 0,438 0,382 0,404Solomon Islands NA NA NA NA NA
Sri Lanka 1,216 1,04 0,869 0,909 0,731Thailand 1,013 1,035 0,888 0,942 0,976
Timor-Leste NA NA NA NA NATonga NA NA NA NA NATuvalu NA NA NA NA NA
United States 0,844 0,87 0,768 0,795 0,711Vanuatu NA NA NA NA NAVietnam 1,106 1,026 1,103 1,15 1,131
TABLE A.100: RELATIVE POLITICAL EXTRACTION (RPE)323
321 1998 figures for Cambodia.322 Only 2011 figures available.323 Own compilation and illustration based on data taken from TransResearch Consortium (2013).
124
Countries/Year 1992 1997324 2002 2007 2012325
Australia 1,134411 1,107106 1,106428 0,9673052 0,9662187Bangladesh 1,09419 1,067489 1,038014 1,013448 1,001692
Bhutan 0,8552706 0,860828 0,863507 0,8730387 0,8554013
Brunei Darussalam NA NA NA NA NACambodia NA 1,116353 1,068802 1,082497 1,057898
China 0,9618191 1,12399 1,068151 1,036324 1,02071
Hong Kong NA NA NA NA NAMacao NA NA NA NA NA
DR Korea NA NA NA NA NA
Fiji 0,9906975 0,9788709 0,962166
4 0,9514837 0,940783
French Polynesia NA NA NA NA NA
India 0,9758371 0,9573445 0,929836 0,9026303 0,8477521
Indonesia 0,9731029 0,9866655 1,006531 1,021942 1,021009
Japan 1,003145 1,013393 0,9828006 0,9493284 0,9373439
Kiribati NA NA NA NA NALaos NA NA NA NA NA
Malaysia 0,9804738 0,9649944 0,968086
5 0,9297253 0,9063002
Maldives NA NA NA NA NAMarshall Islands NA NA NA NA NA
Federated States of Micronesia NA NA NA NA NA
Mongolia 1,114925 1,059719 1,016744 1,008786 0,9817709Myanmar 1,122846 1,101047 1,074773 1,07811 1,073241
Nauru NA NA NA NA NA
Nepal 0,9505004 0,943533 0,938016
4 0,9093524 0,8962111
New Caledonia NA NA NA NA NANew Zealand 1,130434 1,154575 1,161891 1,155832 1,134398
Northern Mariana Islands NA NA NA NA NA
Pakistan 0,8802331 0,86601 0,867161
7 0,8884328 0,8874106
Palau NA NA NA NA NAPapua New Guinea 1,052478 1,043025 1,023758 1,012884 0,9893214
Philippines 1,068376 1,051589 1,082441 1,014364 1,019214
Republic of Korea 1,089699 1,039551 0,9954305 0,9639852 0,9248276
Russian Federation 1,154667 1,093039 1,053124 1,048021 1,053459Samoa NA NA NA NA NA
Singapore 1,118069 1,08468 1,059381 1,021548 1,008736Solomon Islands NA NA NA NA NA
Sri Lanka 0,8581548 0,8031136 0,796776
6 0,7839582 0,7571945
Thailand 1,155353 1,099573 1,060495 1,041137 1,00015Timor-Leste NA NA NA NA NA
Tonga NA NA NA NA NATuvalu NA NA NA NA NA
United States 1,13991 1,123661 1,081259 1,050548 1,024136Vanuatu NA NA NA NA NAVietnam NA NA NA NA NA
324 1998 figures for Cambodia.325 Only 2011 figures available.
125
TABLE A.101: RELATIVE POLITICAL REACH (RPR)326
326 Own compilation and illustration based on data taken from TransResearch Consortium (2013).126
Countries/Year 1992327 1997328 2002329 2007330 2012331
Australia 1,23106 1,28313 1,25521 1,26166 1,45102
Bangladesh 0,783305 0,894535 0,84067
6 0,862076 1,12904
Bhutan 0,88445 0,904837 1,01649 1,24034 1,14142Brunei Darussalam NA NA NA NA NA
Cambodia NA NA NA NA NA
China 0,592065 0,852466 0,79341
6 0,755743 0,900919
Hong Kong NA 0,757236 0,781375 0,774524 0,758879
Macao NA 1,07736 1,20338 1,15386 1,20731DR Korea NA NA NA NA NA
Fiji 1,28552 1,31489 1,33736 1,02395 1,08675French Polynesia NA NA NA NA NA
India 1,06171 1,0688 1,02836 1,34398 1,27063
Indonesia 0,821127 0,771374 0,59817 0,60027 NA
Japan 1,3378 1,2992 1,28654 1,13786 1,1025Kiribati NA NA NA NA NALaos NA NA NA NA NA
Malaysia 1,19625 1,25042 1,40972 1,38364 1,45127Maldives NA 1,27059 1,49692 1,19019 1,01807
Marshall Islands NA NA NA NA NAFederated States of
Micronesia NA NA NA NA NA
Mongolia NA 1,0251 1,06803 1,29408 1,35393
Myanmar 1,1673 0,771996 0,943821 0,663816 NA
Nauru NA NA NA NA NA
Nepal 0,798637 0,947403 1,14507 1,24373 1,3312
New Caledonia NA NA NA NA NA
New Zealand 1,00913 0,981141 0,961773 1,14721 NA
Northern Mariana Islands NA NA NA NA NA
Pakistan 0,864054 0,887025 0,71992
9 0,822688 1,09899
Palau NA NA NA NA NA
Papua New Guinea 1,07409 1,18413 0,848636 0,844915 NA
Philippines 0,937699 1,14148 0,95492
6 0,93516 0,978573
Republic of Korea 1,44325 1,6043 1,54254 1,62816 1,60532
Russian Federation 0,923099 0,897283 0,85451
7 0,727719 0,903688
Samoa NA NA NA NA NASingapore 1,28147 1,07326 1,00626 1,12831 1,06311
Solomon Islands NA NA NA NA NASri Lanka 1,01072 1,0579 1,06866 1,0443 1,01441Thailand 1,47945 1,20981 1,30227 1,54076 1,45865
Timor-Leste NA NA NA NA NATonga NA NA NA NA NATuvalu NA NA NA NA NA
327 1994 figures for Russian Federation.328 1999 figures for Russian Federation, 1996 figures for Macao, and 2000 figures for Hong Kong.329 2001 figures for New Zealand.330 2004 figures for Indonesia; 2005 figures for Myanmar.331 2009 figures for Bhutan, Philippines, Thailand and United States; 2010 figures for Australia, Bangladesh, China, Hong Kong, Macao, Fiji, Japan, Malaysia, Maldives, Mongolia, Nepal, ROK, Russian Federation and Singapore
127
United States 1,24325 1,2476 1,16295 1,15064 1,02715Vanuatu 1,19708 1,11559 1,23461 1,23287 NAVietnam NA NA NA NA NA
TABLE A.102: RELATIVE POLITICAL ALLOCATION (PLA)332
332 Own compilation and illustration based on data taken from TransResearch Consortium (2013).128
Acknowledgements
In many ways writing a PhD thesis is a long expedition: Neither the precise length
of the trip nor the exact place of arrival is certain at the time of departure. Fortunately,
several persons have supported me during the years of my research voyage, particularly
by encouraging me to explore new methodologies and theoretical approaches, by
helping me to stay focused or by providing spiritual support in times of frustration (yes,
research is rarely a straight journey, detours have to be taken and sometimes a pat on
the back is all that is needed to get back on track).
First and foremost, I wish to thank my supervisor Prof. Dr. Xuewu Gu from the
Center for Global Studies (CGS) at the Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelm’s-University of
Bonn, not only for offering me the interesting and challenging opportunity to closer
investigate the potential power shift between China and the US, but for constantly
pushing my academic boundaries and always giving me invaluable academic advice
and moral support when needed. Without him and his guidance, this dissertation would
not have been possible. His constructive criticism as well as the helpful ideas put
forward by him in our numerous discussions on the matter contributed immeasurably to
the formation, development and conclusion of my PhD thesis.
I am furthermore very much indebted to Prof. Dr. Christoph Schuck from the TU
Dortmund’s Institute for Philosophy and Political Science for being my secondary
supervisor. He guided my research both in personal and telephone conversations and
his valuable suggestions fostered this thesis in many ways. When he offered me the
opportunity to present my research in his PhD colloquium at the TU Dortmund, I did not
expect initially that the participation in the colloquium could trigger such an inspiring and
helpful exchange of ideas. I am thus very grateful to him and all of the other participants.
In the same context, I also wish to thank the members of the CGS PhD colloquium as
well as the participants of the Shanghai International Workshop on “Structural Power”. In
both fora I found diligent researchers that provided helpful comments over the years of
my research.
I also benefitted from the comprehensive academic and private encouragements
provided by my other wonderful current and former colleagues at the CGS. Prof. Dr.
Maximilian Mayer, Krystin Unverzagt, Dr. Andrej Pustovitovskij, Hendrik Ohnesorge,
Katharina Below and Jan-Frederik Kremer have allowed me to discuss my thoughts with 129
them in a truly inspiring and productive academic environment. I always found their
comments to be helpful in one way or the other and our discussions constantly
stimulated my research endeavours. Moreover, Hendrik was kind enough to proofread
large parts of the thesis and provided truly helpful feedback. Several other current and
former colleagues at the CGS were likewise supportive: Pavlina Schmitz, Valentin
Urban, Susan Westhoff, Orsina Kather, Sanni Kunnas, Nina Nick, Eva Bosse and Iris
Volg not only constantly encouraged me, but aided me in my academic duties at Bonn
University, for which I am very grateful to them.
Big thanks are also due to Prof. Dr. Sarah Kirchberger from Hamburg University’s
Asia-Africa-Institute, Dr. Henrike Viehrig from Bonn University’s North America Studies
Program, Dr. Klaas Staal from Stockholm University’s Economic Department, Dr. Omer
Majeed from the College of Asia & the Pacific of the Australian National University and
Dr. Thomas Lenzen for kindly proofreading and polishing essential parts of the thesis as
well as for providing valuable comments on important aspects of my project even on
very short notice. Furthermore, I am grateful to Dr. David Teller for his many precious
remarks during our productive discussions throughout my research.
I am also indebted to Prof. Dr. Reimund Seidelmann, emeritus at Gießen
University, who has frequently enabled me to discuss my ideas with international
scholars on multiple occasions in Europe and Asia. Furthermore, I am grateful to Dr.
Gudrun Wacker from the German Institute for International and Security/Stiftung
Wissenschaft und Politik (SWP) for her helpful comments on a paper draft during the
DVPW conference in October 2011 in Munich, during which I discussed some of the
ideas of this thesis for the first time, as well as for the generously provided opportunity to
debate with some of the leading figures of our discipline during the many times she
invited me to SWP’s prestigious Berlin Conference on Asian Security.
I furthermore wish to thank two of my former academic mentors: Prof. Dr. Stefan
Schirm from the Chair for International Relations at the Ruhr-University Bochum and
Prof. Robert Ayson, PhD, from the Centre for Strategic Studies at the Victoria University
of Wellington. Without their great teaching, intellectual integrity and helpful guidance
through my academic career’s earlier stages I probably would not have decided to
remain in academia. Stefan Schirm was responsible for triggering my interest in
International Relations in the first place and outlined to me the importance of theory for
130
understanding the world’s complexity. At the Australian National University, Robert
Ayson deepened my understanding of the many significant layers of Asia’s rise and
piqued my empirical curiosity regarding the role of middle powers in international affairs.
I hope they both like the final results of my research.
Last but not least, I am profoundly indebted to my family and my friends for their
unwavering practical and spiritual support throughout the many years it took to research
and write my thesis. Doing a PhD next to a full-time position as research fellow
consumes a lot of time. This affects inevitably social relations with relatives and close
friends. I thank all of them for their tolerance and understanding. In particular, I wish to
thank my parents for their love and support during the years of writing. My wonderful
wife Katja supported me immensely both in emotional and academic ways. She has
accepted – at times complaining, but always generous – my research’s impact on our
family live with our amazing son Leopold, who despite the many hours I have spend in
office still recognises me. Without my wife’s patience, her sound advice as an academic
working at the crossroads of economics and political science as well as her proofreading
in evening hours, on weekends and during holidays, this thesis would probably never
have reached its current empirical depth and methodological strength. Thank you for
everything, my love. It is to you that I gratefully dedicate this work.
131
Statutory Declaration
Hiermit versichere ich, Enrico Fels, an Eides statt, dass die vorgelegte Arbeit –
abgesehen von den ausdrücklich bezeichneten Hilfsmitteln – persönlich, selbständig
und ohne Benutzung anderer als der angegebenen Hilfsmittel angefertigt wurde. Die
aus anderen Quellen direkt oder indirekt übernommenen Daten und Konzepte unter
Angabe der Quelle sowie wörtliche Übernahmen sind durch An- und Abführungszeichen
kenntlich gemacht worden. Die vorgelegte Arbeit oder ähnliche Arbeiten ist bzw. sind
nicht bereits anderweitig als Dissertation eingereicht worden. Eine wahrheitsgemäße
Erklärung über frühere Promotionsversuche und deren Ergebnisse lege ich bei. Ich
versichere zudem, dass für die inhaltlich-materielle Erstellung der vorgelegten Arbeit
nicht fremde Hilfe, insbesondere keine entgeltliche Hilfe von Vermittlungs- bzw.
Beratungsdiensten (Promotionsberater oder andere Personen), in Anspruch genommen
wurde, sowie keine Dritten vom Doktoranden unmittelbar oder mittelbar geldwerte
Leistungen für Tätigkeiten erhalten haben, die im Zusammenhang mit dem Inhalt der
vorgelegten Arbeit stehen.
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132