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Weather & Climate Unit Review
Where do the cold, dry air masses that move towards us usually develop (come from)?
Canada
True or False?
Heat is transferred from warmer objects to cooler objects.
What is the most abundant gas in the dry air in our atmosphere?
Nitrogen
What is the windless area near the equator that has rainy, cloudy weather almost every afternoon?
Doldrums
Air pressure and density decrease as ___________ increases, making it harder to breathe high up in the mountains.
Altitude
Which area on the Earth gets the most direct sunlight (solar radiation) all year long?
Near the equator
What is the protective envelope of gases that surround Earth?
Atmosphere
What is the main reason that we have four different seasons where we live?
Because the Earth is tilted on its axis so, different areas on Earth are tilted towards the sun at different times of the year.
In which layer of the atmosphere does our weather take place?
Troposphere
Where do the warm, moist air masses that move toward us develop (come from)?
Gulf of Mexico
What provides Earth’s energy?
The Sun
What are the three things that can happen to the energy that comes from the sun?
Absorbed by the atmosphereAbsorbed by the land and water
Reflected by into space
What is the term that refers to the pattern of weather that occurs in an area over many years?
Climate
What are the three types of heat transfer that work together to warm the troposphere?
ConductionConvectionRadiation
What is the force pushing down on an area or surface?
Air pressure
What is the natural process where gases hold heat in the air under a “blanket” in the atmosphere, helping to keep Earth’s temperature constant and comfortable for living things?
Greenhouse Effect
What is the name of the currents created when warm air rises and cooler air moves down—this cycle repeats over and over to balance the changing temperatures?
Convection currents
Where is the ozone layer found?
In the Stratosphere
Which layer of the atmosphere protects Earth from most meteoroids?
Mesosphere
Which clouds are fluffy, rounded cotton-like clouds that are seen on sunny days?
Cumulus
What is a huge body of air that has similar temperature, humidity & air pressure at any height called?
Air mass
What always follow lightning?
Thunder
Which storm forms from similar clouds that bring thunderstorms, occur in the spring & summer, and are described as whirling, funnel-shaped clouds that reach from the storm cloud to the ground?
Tornado
Which air mass forms over oceans and may be tropical or polar?
Maritime
Which term refers to any form of water that falls from clouds and reaches Earth’s surface?
Precipitation
What is the name for the area in the mid U.S. where as many as 800 tornadoes occur each year due to the meeting of warm, moist air from the Gulf of Mexico & cold, dry air from Canada?
Tornado Alley
How does hail form?
Round pellets bounce around inside thunderstorm clouds
What is the name of the type of scientist who study the causes of weather and try to make predictions using maps, charts, and computers?
Meteorologists
Because the Earth’s axis is tilted, the seasons change as different hemispheres receive more or less direct sunlight. When it is winter in the southern hemisphere, what season is it in the northern hemisphere?
Summer
Which clouds are fluffy, rounded cotton-like clouds that grow large, turn dark, and bring thunderstorms?
Cumulonimbus
Which type of front causes sudden thunderstorms as dense air sinks under slow-moving warm fronts?
Cold fronts