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Attachment 10 Non-proprietary Westinghouse Electric Company document WCAP-1 7529-NP, Revision 0, "System Requirements Specification for the Common Q Post Accident Monitoring System," (non-proprietary) dated November 2011 (Letter Item 8)

WCAP-17529-NP, Rev. 0, 'System Requirements Specification ...WCAP-17529-NP.docx-1 10311 WESTINGHOUSE NON-PROPRIETARY CLASS 3 ii RECORD OF REVISIONS Rev. No. Date Pages Involved Prepared

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Page 1: WCAP-17529-NP, Rev. 0, 'System Requirements Specification ...WCAP-17529-NP.docx-1 10311 WESTINGHOUSE NON-PROPRIETARY CLASS 3 ii RECORD OF REVISIONS Rev. No. Date Pages Involved Prepared

Attachment 10

Non-proprietary Westinghouse Electric Company document WCAP-1 7529-NP, Revision 0,"System Requirements Specification for the Common Q Post Accident Monitoring

System," (non-proprietary) dated November 2011 (Letter Item 8)

Page 2: WCAP-17529-NP, Rev. 0, 'System Requirements Specification ...WCAP-17529-NP.docx-1 10311 WESTINGHOUSE NON-PROPRIETARY CLASS 3 ii RECORD OF REVISIONS Rev. No. Date Pages Involved Prepared

Westinghouse Non-Proprietary Class 3

WCAP-17529-NP NovRevision 0

System RequirementsSpecification for theCommon Q Post AccidentMonitoring System

Westinghouse

ember 2011

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WESTINGHOUSE NON-PROPRIETARY CLASS 3

WCAP-17529-NPRevision 0

System Requirements Specification for the Common Q PostAccident Monitoring System

Digish R. Shah*Safety Systems Support & Upgrades

November 2011

Reviewer: Shawn M. Downey *

Safety Systems Support and Upgrades

Approved: Maria E. Assard*, ManagerSafety Systems Support and Upgrades

*Electronically approved records are authenticated in the electronic document management system.

Westinghouse Electric Company LLC1000 Westinghouse Drive

Cranberry Township, PA 16066, USA

© 2011 Westinghouse Electric Company LLCAll Rights Reserved

WCAP-17529-NP.docx-1 10311

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WESTINGHOUSE NON-PROPRIETARY CLASS 3 ii

RECORD OF REVISIONS

Rev. No. Date Pages Involved Prepared By Reviewed By Approved By

0 See EDMS This document is a D. R. Shah S. M. Downey M. E. Assard

replica of 00000-ICE-30156, Rev.8, and wascreated for docketing.No revision bars for00000-ICE-30156,Rev.8, show in this file.

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WESTINGHOUSE NON-PROPRIETARY CLASS 3 iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST O F TA BLES ........................................................................................................................................ v

LIST O F FIG U RE S ..................................................................................................................................... vi

A CRONY M S A N D TRA D EM A RK S ...................................................................................................... vii

IN TRO D U CTION ........................................................................................................................ 1-11.1 SY STEM PU RPO SE ....................................................................................................... 1-11.2 SY STEM SCO PE ............................................................................................................ 1-11.3 SY STEM O V ERV IEW .................................................................................................... 1-2

1.3.1 Testing Requirem ents ...................................................................................... 1-41.3.2 Codes and Standards ........................................................................................ 1-4

2 G EN ERA L SY STEM D ESCRIPTION ........................................................................................ 2-12.1 SY STEM CO N TEX T ...................................................................................................... 2-12.2 SY STEM M O D ES A ND STATES .................................................................................. 2-32.3 M A JO R SY STEM CA PA BILITIES ................................................................................ 2-3

2.3.1 ICC D etection Functions ................................................................................. 2-32.3.2 Backup Safety Param eter D isplay System Functions ...................................... 2-52.3.3 Test and M aintenance Functions ..................................................................... 2-7

2.4 PA M S PRO G RA M STRU CTU RE .................................................................................. 2-72.5 M A JO R SY STEM CON D ITION S .................................................................................. 2-7

2.5.1 Initialization ..................................................................................................... 2-72.5.2 Interlocks and Perm issives .............................................................................. 2-72.5.3 A lgorithm Im plem entation .............................................................................. 2-9

2.6 PAM S D ISPLAY S ......................................................................................................... 2-312.6.1 Operator Interface .......................................................................................... 2-312.6.2 Operator's M odule ......................................................................................... 2-322.6.3 M aintenance and Test Panel .......................................................................... 2-49

2.7 M A JO R SY STEM CON STRA IN TS ............................................................................. 2-512.8 U SER CHA RA CTERISTICS ........................................................................................ 2-51

2.8.1 OM User Characteristics ..................................... 2-512.8.2 M TP U ser Characteristics .............................................................................. 2-51

2.9 PAM S D IA GN O STIC FUN CTIO N S ........................................................................ 2-522.9.1 Com m unications Interface D iagnostics ......................................................... 2-522.9.2 1/0 D iagn ostics .............................................................................................. 2-542.9.3 System Load Calculation ............................................................................... 2-55

2.10 PA M S D ATA TRAN SFER ............................................................................................ 2-55

2.10.1 [ ]a,c ........................................................................... 2-55

3 SYSTEM CAPABILITIES, CONDITIONS, AND CONSTRAINTS .......................................... 3-13.1 PH Y SICA L ...................................................................................................................... 3-1

3.1.1 Construction .................................................................................................... 3-13.1.2 Single Failure Requirem ents ........................................................................... 3-13.1.3 Separation Requirem ents ................................................................................. 3-13.1.4 Signal Isolation ................................................................................................ 3-23.1.5 Cable Routing .................................................................................................. 3-2

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WESTINGHOUSE NON-PROPRIETARY CLASS 3 iv

3.1.6 System Security ............................................................................................... 3-23.1.7 Environm ental and Seism ic Q ualification ....................................................... 3-3

3.2 SYSTEM PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS ...................................................... 3-33.2.1 [ ]a,c .......................................................................... 3-3

3.2.2 [. . ....................................................................... . 3-43.2.3 P C ........................................................... 3-5

3.3 SY STEM O PERATION S ................................................................................................ 3-53.3.1 System Testing, Calibration and M aintenance ................................................ 3-53.3.2 System Reliability ........................................................................................... 3-63.3.3 Availability Requirem ents ............................................................................... 3-6

4 SY STEM IN TERFA CES .............................................................................................................. 4-14.1 1 ]7,c ............................................... 4-14.2 PA M S IN PU T SIG N A LS ................................................................................................ 4-2

4.2.1 A nalog Input Signals ....................................................................................... 4-2

4.2.2 []7c ................................................................................ 4-44.3 . . .. . ..................................................................................... 4-5

4.3.1 []7c ............................................................................. 4-54.3.2 7 ],c............................................................................. 4-5

4.3.3 []a' ............................................................................. 4-74.3.4 [ ]a,c ................................................................................................. 4-7

4.4 1 ]7,c ................................................................................................................ 4-8

4.4.1 []7c ........................................................................................ 4-8

4.4.2 [ ]a,c ..................................................................................................... 4-84.5 1 7ac ............................................. .................................... 4-8

5 REFEREN CES ............................................................................................................................. 5-1APPENDIX A SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS FOR COMMON Q PHASE 3 SINGLE CHANNEL POST

A CCID EN T M ON ITO RIN G SY STEM .................................................................... A -1

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WESTINGHOUSE NON-PROPRIETARY CLASS 3 V

Table 2-1

Table 2-2

Table 2-3

Table 2-4

Table 2-5

Table 2-6

Table 2-7

Table 2-8

Table 2-9

Table 2-10

Table 2-11

Table 2-12

[

ii

ii

ii

[

II

LIST OF TABLES

]a,c ................................................................................................. 2 -1 1

]ac ............................................................................. 2 -14

]a,c ................................................................................. 2 -14

] ,c ............................................................................ 2 -15

] C ............................................................................. 2 -2 3

]ac .................................................... 2 -2 7

]a,c ................................................................................................... 2 -2 8

]ja c .................................................................................. 2 -3 0

]a' ........................... 2-35

]a,c .................................................... 2 -3 7

].. .......................... I ...... ................................ 2-43

]a,c ......................................................................... 2 -4 7

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WESTINGHOUSE NON-PROPRIETARY CLASS 3 vi

Figure 1-1

Figure 2-1

Figure 2-2

Figure 2-3

LIST OF FIGURES

Relationship of Individual System s for PAM S ................................................................ 1-3

PAM S Block Diagram ..................................................................................................... 2-2

[],c ..................................................................................................... 2-20

[ ]a.c ..................................................................................................... 2-20

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WESTINGHOUSE NON-PROPRIETARY CLASS 3 vii

ACRONYMS AND TRADEMARKS

Acronymn

A/DABBACKADCASMECCASCECETCETMSCIASCMMRCnmtCommon QTM

CRCESFESFASFAPFEFPDHJTCHJTCSHSLI/OI&CICCICCMSIEEEMCBMSISMTPNISTNSSSOMPAMS

PASPDUPMCPPSpsipsiapsig

Definition

Analog/DigitalAsea Brown BoveriAcknowledgeAnalog to Digital ConverterAmerican Society of Mechanical EngineersComponent Cooling Actuation SignalCombustion EngineeringCore Exit ThermocouplesCore Exit Thermocouple Monitoring SystemContainment Isolation Actuation SignalCommon Mode Rejection RatioContainmentCommon Qualified PlatformCyclic Redundancy CheckEngineered Safety FeaturesEngineered Safety Features Actuation SystemFuel Alignment PlateFunction EnableFlat Panel DisplayHeated Junction ThermocoupleHeated Junction Thermocouple SystemHigh Speed LinkInput/OutputInstrumentation and ControlInadequate Core CoolingInadequate Core Cooling Monitoring SystemInstitute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersMain Control BoardMain Steam Isolation SignalMaintenance and Test PanelNational Institute of Standards and TechnologyNuclear Steam Supply SystemOperator's ModulePost Accident Monitoring SystemPlant Annunciator SystemPlasma Display UnitPlant Monitoring ComputerPlant Protection SystemPounds Per Square InchPounds Per Square Inch (Absolute)Pounds Per Square Inch (Gauge)

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WESTINGHOUSE NON-PROPRIETARY CLASS 3 ViiiWESTINGHOUSE NON-PROPRIETARY CLASS 3 viii

ACRONYMS AND TRADEMARKS (cont.)

Acronymn Definition

QSPDS Qualified Safety Parameter Display SystemRCP Reactor Coolant PumpRCS Reactor Coolant SystemRG Regulatory GuideRPS Reactor Protection SystemRTD Resistance Temperature DetectorRVLMS Reactor Vessel Level Monitoring SystemSG Steam GeneratorSIAS Safety Injection Actuation SignalSLE Software Load EnableSMM Subcooled Margin MonitorSPDS Safety Parameter Display SystemSPM Software Program ManualT/C ThermocoupleUGSSP Upper Guide Structure Support PlateUJTC Unheated Junction ThermocoupleVBPSS Vital Bus Power Supply SystemWDT Watchdog Timer

Advant® is a registered trademark of ABB Process Automation Corporation.

Common QVM is a trademark or registered trademark, in the United States, of Westinghouse ElectricCompany LLC, its subsidiaries and/or its affiliates. This mark may also be used and/or registered in othercountries throughout the world. All rights reserved.

QNXO is a registered trademark of QNX Software Systems GmbH & Co. KG ("QSSKG") and is usedunder license by QSS.

Windows® is registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries.

All other product and corporate names used in this document may be trademarks or registered trademarksof other companies, and are used only for explanation and to the owners' benefit, without intent toinfringe.

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WESTINGHOUSE NON-PROPRIETARY CLASS 3 1-1

1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 SYSTEM PURPOSE

The purpose of this document is to define the generic hardware and functional requirements for aPost Accident Monitoring System (PAMS) based on Common Qualified (Q) components.

]aC

Appendix A of this document defines the specific requirements for a Phase 3 Common Q PAMS. Thisdocument was prepared using IEEE Standard 1233-1996, "IEEE Guide for Developing SystemRequirements Specifications" (Reference 12) as a guide.

1.2 SYSTEM SCOPE

The system described in this document is intended to upgrade equipment presently providing for accidentmonitoring and inadequate core cooling (ICC). This system is intended to upgrade existing equipment andwill continue to provide information and data to the plant monitoring/Safety Parameter Display System(SPDS) computers for use in its control room display.

Each PAMS is comprised of two redundant and isolated channels. The instruments used to provide theinput signals to PAMS are not included in this document. As part of each PAMS, there is a flat paneldisplay (FPD) for an operator's module (OM) and a maintenance and test panel (MTP). The systemrequirements specification for the FPD is provided in 00000-ICE-30155, "System RequirementsSpecification .for the Common Q Generic Flat Panel Display" (Reference 8).

A specific PAMS implementation includes one, or more, or a combination of the following subsystems:

Heated Junction Thermocouple (HJTC) System/Reactor Vessel Level Monitoring System(RVLMS)

* Core Exit Thermocouple Monitoring System (CETMS)

Inadequate Core Cooling Monitoring System (ICCMS), which includes a Subcooled MarginMonitor (SMM), CETMS, and HJTC System

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WESTINGHOUSE NON-PROPRIETARY CLASS 3 1-2

0 Qualified Safety Parameter Display System (QSPDS), which typically includes all of the above

The PAMS design bases are the same as those in NPROD-ICE-3201, "A Functional Design Descriptionfor the Qualified Safety Parameter Display System" (Reference 6), for Combustion Engineering's (CE's)QSPDS and are as follows:

1. Provide safety grade processing and display for ICC instrument signals to detect the approach to,existence of and recovery from ICC conditions per NUREG 0737, II.F.2, "Clarification of TMIAction Plan Requirements" (Reference 21). The primary human factors display is not the PAMSbut another system to which the PAMS transmits data.

2. Provide a seismically qualified SPDS as a backup to primary SPDS to which the PAMS transmitsdata per NUREG 0737, I.D.2 (Reference 21) and NUREG 0696, "Guidelines for EmergencyResponse Facilities" (Reference 22).

3. Provide safety grade processing and display of accident monitoring instrument signals perRegulatory Guide (RG) 1.97, "Instrumentation for Light Water Cooled Nuclear Power Plants toAssess Plant Conditions During and Following an Accident" (Reference 10).

4. Provide a processing and display system that incorporates human factor engineering techniques toenhance the control room design by displaying essential plant parameters in a systematic andefficient manner per NUREG 0737, I.D. 1 (Reference 21).

5. Provide safety grade isolation of Class 1E inputs to be provided to non-Class 1E monitoringsystem(s).

The PAMS shall be capable of functioning during and after the environmental and seismic design basesevent conditions as defined in subsection 3.1.7.

1.3 SYSTEM OVERVIEW

PAMS is a Class 1E safety-related alarm and display system. Each PAMS consists of two independentchannels of equipment (Channels A & B) which acquire and process two channels of inputs. Thetwo channels of equipment are located in one or more cabinets, depending on the plant. The channels arephysically separated and electrically isolated from each other. The details of the PAMS signal transducersare discussed in this document only to the extent necessary to understand the use of their outputs, whichare used as inputs to the PAMS data acquisition equipment.

Depending on plant-specific implementation, PAMS channel inputs may include plant process signals,core exit thermocouples (CETs), and HJTCs.

Also, depending on plant-specific implementation, each PAMS channel may provide HJTC heater poweroutputs, analog output values for display on meters/recorders, contact outputs for use by the plantannunciator system, isolated data link data for display on an OM, and isolated Ethernet data link data foruse by the Plant Monitoring Computer (PMC) or the SPDS.

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WESTINGHOUSE NON-PROPRIETARY CLASS 3 1-3

The relationship of the individual systems for each PAMS are described below and shown in Figure 1-1:

The SMM monitors Reactor Coolant System (RCS)/pressurizer pressure, RCS hot legtemperature, and RCS cold leg temperatures to detect and alarm subcooled margin.

The HJTCS/RVLMS monitors eight sensor pairs which comprise a heated and an unheatedthermocouple to provide the reactor vessel collapsed liquid level above the core. Someapplications utilize a split HJTC probe, in which case a separate level measurement is providedfor the upper head and for the plenum.

* The CETMS monitors CET temperatures to detect and alarm ICC conditions.

The ICCMS monitors CET temperatures, RCS/pressurizer pressure, RCS hot leg temperature,RCS cold leg temperatures, three unheated thermocouple temperatures in the reactor head, andthe HJTCS/RVLMS. Saturation margins are calculated for the RCS hot and cold leg temperatures,the reactor vessel head (using the top three unheated thermocouples), and at the core exit (using

the CETs).

Each channel of the QSPDS provides the combined functions of the ICCMS (i.e., SMM, CETMS, andHJTCS/RVLMS systems). Additional RG 1.97 (Reference 10) safety-related parameters are alsomonitored, alarmed, and displayed as a backup to the plant SPDS.

IQSPDS

RG 1.97

Variables

- Core Reactivity Control- Core Heat Removal- RCS Inventory Control- Cnmt Isolation- etc. depending on

HJTCS/ plant specific requirementsSNMCETMS RVLMS

- RCS Press. - CET Temps. - HJTC- RCS Thot Temp.- RCS Tcold Temp.

Figure 1-1 Relationship of Individual Systems for PAMS

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WESTINGHOUSE NON-PROPRIETARY CLASS 3 1-4

Since the QSPDS functions encompass the ICCMS, SMM, CETMS, and HJTCS/RVLMS functions, thePAMS functional requirements and descriptions provided herein are based on those for the generic CEQSPDS (NPROD-ICE-3201, "A Functional Design Description for the Qualified Safety ParameterDisplay System" [Reference 6], and NPROD-ICE-3102, "Interface Requirements for Qualified SafetyParameter Display System" [Reference 28]).

Plant-specific PAMS designs can be developed from those defined in this document.

1.3.1 Testing Requirements

PAMS shall be tested to assure that it meets the following:

1. Software requirements2. System requirements3. Functional requirements

The PAMS test procedures and results shall be documented to support a subsequent verification andvalidation program for upgrades to plant systems based on a PAMS prototype design according toWCAP-16096-NP-A, "Software Program Manual for Common Q Systems" (Reference 5).

Software, system, and functional testing requirements are specified in the software program manual(SPM) (Reference 5). A PAMS Test Plan shall be developed to provide detailed testing requirementsencompassing the above.

Hardware Configuration Control shall be in accordance with the latest revision of Westinghouse Policiesand Procedures as required by the plant-specific project.

1.3.2 Codes and Standards

The codes and standards to be utilized for the PAMS design are as discussed in the individual sectionswhere they apply. These encompass those utilized for the QSPDS and incorporate additional standardsendorsed since completion of the QSPDS design.

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WESTINGHOUSE NON-PROPRIETARY CLASS 3 2-1

2 GENERAL SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

2.1 SYSTEM CONTEXT

A PAMS block diagram is provided in Figure 2-1. The PAMS design is based on Common Q hardware as

discussed in this document. With the exception of the OM and MTP, each aspect of the block diagram isdiscussed in the following sections. A detailed discussion of the PAMS interface requirements is providedin Section 4. The requirements for the FPD to be used for the PAMS OM and MTP are provided inReference 8.

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WESTINGHOUSE NON-PROPRIETARY CLASS 3 2-2WESTINGHOUSE NON-PROPRIETARY CLASS 3 2-2

a,c

Figure 2-1 PAMS Block Diagram

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WESTINGHOUSE NON-PROPRIETARY CLASS 3 2-3

2.2 SYSTEM MODES AND STATES

PAMS shall be capable of operation during normal and abnormal environments and plant operatingmodes as defined in subsection 3.3.3. The testing, calibration, and maintenance requirements of PAMSare described in subsection 3.3.1.

2.3 MAJOR SYSTEM CAPABILITIES

The PAMS design bases require that the system provide the following:

2.3.1 ICC Detection Functions

The ICC detection function is designed to the following requirements:

1. Provide the operator with an advanced warning of the approach to ICC2. Cover the full range of ICC from normal operation to complete core uncovery

The PAMS ICC detection indication enables the operator to monitor system conditions associated withthe approach to and recovery from ICC.

The PAMS calculates and displays margin to saturation, reactor vessel collapsed liquid level above thecore, and core exit temperatures (which infers fuel cladding temperatures). These three functions areprovided in PAMS by combining the respective functions of the SMM, HJTCS, and CETMS.

The progression toward and from ICC can be divided into conditions based on physical processesoccurring within the reactor pressure vessel. These conditions are as follows:

Conditions Associated with the Approach to ICC

Condition l a: Loss of fluid subcooling prior to the first occurrence of saturation conditions in thecoolant.

Condition 2a: Decreasing coolant inventory within the upper plenum (from the top of the vessel to thetop of the active fuel).

Condition 3a: Increasing core exit temperature produced by uncovery of the core resulting from thedrop in level of the mixture of vapor bubbles and liquid below the top of the active fuel.

Conditions Associated with Recovery from ICC

Condition 3b: Decreasing core exit temperature resulting from the rising of the mixture level withinthe core.

Condition 2b: Increasing inventory above the fuel.

Condition lb: Establishment of saturation conditions followed by an increase in fluid subcooling.

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WESTINGHOUSE NON-PROPRIETARY CLASS 3 2-4

The above conditions encompass all the possible coolant states associated with any ICC eventprogression. Conditions denoted with an "a" refer to fluid situations that occur during the approach toICC. Conditions denoted by "b" refer to fluid situations which occur during the recovery from ICC. Thus,the "a" conditions differ from the "b" conditions in the trending (directional behavior) of the associatedparameters.

In order to provide indication during the entire progression of an event, an ICC instrument system shallconsist of instruments which provide at least one appropriate indicator for each of the physical conditionsdescribed above.

The PAMS variables measured to detect margin to saturation (both subcooling and superheat) are thepressurizer pressure and the RCS coolant, upper head and core exit temperatures. The PAMS variablesmeasured to detect reactor vessel collapsed liquid level above the core are HJTCS temperatures. ThePAMS variables measured to infer fuel cladding temperature are the CET temperatures.

The following table, reproduced from Reference 6, provides a summary of the ICC variable indicationsduring the ICC progression conditions:

a,c

ICC variable measurement locations, operating and accident temperature, and pressure ranges arediscussed in RG 1.97 (Reference 10).

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WESTINGHOUSE NON-PROPRIETARY CLASS 3 2-5

2.3.2 Backup Safety Parameter Display System Functions

The PAMS shall display a minimum set of plant variables from which overall plant safety can beassessed. Variables that are used in the primary display for diversity or speed of assessment are not usedin PAMS. Only instrumentation of highest reliability and quality shall be used for PAMS.

The PAMS variables may be categorized by the eight critical functions in the primary SPDS(NUREG-0696 [Reference 22] categorization):

1. Core Reactivity Control2. RCS Inventory Control3. RCS Pressure Control4. Core Heat Removal5. RCS Heat Removal6. Containment Pressure and Temperature Control7. Containment Isolation8. Radiological Emission Control

The bases used for selecting the parameters to be displayed for each critical function are(a) Emergency Procedure Guidelines; (b) RG 1.97; and (c) the SPDS design.

The Emergency Procedure Guidelines require certain instrumentation to be used for diagnosing events.These key variables are monitored by the operator to determine what event is taking place, in order thathe may consult the emergency procedures and take immediate action. The guidelines also call forinstrumentation to diagnose the accomplishment of plant safety functions. The operator uses theseinstruments to assess the safe status of the plant, independent of the existing event or events.

RG 1.97 (Reference 10) requires instrumentation to be used to assess plant conditions during andfollowing an accident. Those instruments applicable to PAMS are those used to determine plant safetystatus and to indicate the integrity of barriers to radioactive release.

The SPDS requires instrumentation to monitor plant safety status. Unlike PAMS, the SPDS containsinformation for diversity and speed of assessment. In addition, the SPDS performs assessments usingbuilt-in logic. An actual implementation of PAMS will display a minimum set of parameters for theoperator to make the appropriate assessments.

An example of PAMS variables, using the method defined above, are listed in the following table. For aCommon Q PAMS, these variables may differ depending on individual plant-specific requirements.

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WESTINGHOUSE NON-PROPRIETARY CLASS 3 2-6WESTINGHOUSE NON-PROPRIETARY CLASS 3 2-6

a,c

4 4- 4 1 4

4 1 + 1 4 -4 4

4 1 4- 4 I 4 4

4 4 + 4 4 4 4 4

4 4 4 4 4 4 4

4 4 + 4 4 4 4 1

I 4 1- 4 1 4 4 +

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WESTINGHOUSE NON-PROPRIETARY CLASS 3 2-7

Since an actual PAMS will be used under adverse conditions, only those variables that are of criticalimportance for operation of the reactor plant will be displayed. This helps the operator by not displayingnumerous non-essential parameters which might distract him from those of more importance. If theoperator has a need for other information, he still has control room indication available.

2.3.3 Test and Maintenance Functions

Maintenance capabilities are provided through the MTP which can be used to download new channelsoftware or to interrogate the error log in the processor.

2.4 PAMS PROGRAM STRUCTURE

The PAMS software development, testing, verification and validation will be in accordance with the SPMfor Common Q Systems (Reference 5).

2.5 MAJOR SYSTEM CONDITIONS

2.5.1 Initialization

PAMS must be capable of initializing to steady-state conditions for any allowable plant operatingcondition. [

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The PAMS shall automatically boot up on initial startup or on a manually initiated restart. [a,c

2.5.2 Interlocks and Permissives

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2.5.2.1 Function Enable Switch

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When the FE switch is actuated, an OM or MTP display also allows selection of an alarm setpoint valueor alarm reset values to replace the current or default value if those values are adjustable.

Surveillance testing can be performed only at the MTP when the FE is actuated. FE switch status shall besent to the PMC over the MTP to the PMC data link.

2.5.2.2 Software Load Enable

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2.5.3 Algorithm Implementation

The algorithms to implement the functions for PAMS are discussed in the following subsections.

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2.5.3.1 Analog Input Processing

The following provides general requirements for analog input processing. Indication to the operator onthe OM or MTP for an alarm or abnormal variable is provided in subsection 2.6.2.4.

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2.5.3.2 Saturation Margin Processing

The saturation margin function shall utilize THOT, TcOLD, upper head UJTCs, CETs, and pressurizerpressure (or RCS pressure) inputs. The OM and MTP shall display the temperature margin and pressure

margin (subcooled and superheat).

The saturation margin function has the following typical inputs:

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A plant-specific analysis shall be performed to establish the appropriate plant-specific setpoints for thesevariables. These setpoints can be modified online by using the FE keyswitch in conjunction with thedisplay menus. It is the responsibility of the utility to justify and maintain configuration control of the

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2.5.3.3 HJTCS Signal Processing

The following subsections provide a description of the HJTC signal processing requirements.

2.5.3.3.1 General

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Table 2-5 a1

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Table 2-6 [ ]a~cac

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2.6 PAMS DISPLAYS

PAMS displays are provided on the OM and the MTP. The OM and MTP are described in the followingsubsections. Specifications for the generic FPD system are provided in Reference 8.

2.6.1 Operator Interface

The operator is informed of the status of a PAMS channel by five mechanisms:

1. Digital output alarms to alert the operator that setpoints for minimum subcooled margins, highrepresentative CET temperature, or minimum reactor vessel level are being exceeded, or thatPAMS problems/trouble are occurring.

2. Analog outputs provide information on subcooled margins, CET temperatures, and reactor vessellevel which can be monitored by the operator.

3. The OM provides human engineered displays of all PAMS information and includes visual alarmsand indications. Additional information on the OM displays is provided in subsection 2.6.2.1.

4. The MTP displays duplicate the OM displays and provide a technician interface for maintenanceand test functions. The MTP is discussed in subsection 2.6.3.

5. Primary SPDS indications based on information received via Ethernet data link from each PAMSchannel (MTP).

The primary SPDS indications based on the PAMS data link information are included in the primarySPDS design, which is outside the scope of this document.

The PAMS displays shall be adapted from those utilized in the generic QSPDS (Reference 6).Human factors engineering guidelines from NUREG-0700, "Guidelines for Control Room DesignReviews" (Reference 18), NUREG-0814, "Methodology for Evaluation of Emergency ResponseFacilities" (Reference 19), and NUREG-0835, "Human Factors Acceptance Criteria for the SafetyParameter Display System" (Reference 20) will be used to develop the PAMS displays.

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2.6.2 Operator's Module

The OM shall be capable of being located in the same physical space in the control room as the existingPlasma Display Unit (PDU) or HJTC display. Provisions shall be made for operator entry to both theOM and MTP from either touch screen or other navigation device. The navigation device can consist of amouse/pointing device, trackball, or other similar device. Operator entries by either the touch screen orthe navigation device shall have the same effect.

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The OM hardware shall consist of a subset of the hardware as defined in the System RequirementsSpecification for the Generic FPD (Reference 8). The OM shall consist of a PC node box and a flat panelmonitor. The PC node box is mounted separately from the flat panel monitor.

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2.6.2.1 Operator's Module Displays

Operator's displays are provided for each PAMS channel on the associated OM. All PAMS inputs andcalculated variables shall be continuously displayed on demand on the OM.

A human factors display evaluation shall be a plant implementation activity. A separate human factorsevaluation of the generic PAMS displays shall be performed.

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The PAMS display pages, in addition to the variable display pages, shall contain the following:

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Visual OM display alarms and specific displays are discussed below. Display alarms are indicative of thedigital output alarm indications described in subsection 2.6.2.4. The safety-related digital output alarmindications from each PAMS channel may be optionally used for control room indications, independent ofthe OM displays.

2.6.2.2 Operator's Module Display Hierarchy

The OM displays are provided in a hierarchical order compatible with the emergency procedureguidelines such that the display information is in three levels:

1. Major systems overview pages with inputs displayed by critical functions2. ICC supporting variable level3. ICC detailed supporting information level

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The PAMS OM shall provide, as a minimum, a high level page or pages, if necessary, for these pagegroupings. These high level pages shall display the variables defined in Table 2-9 as a minimum. Theeight critical functions, with their respective variables and variable ranges, are listed in Table 2-9.

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Table 2-9 ]a~c a,c

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Table 2-10 ]ac

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Table 2-11 shows the PAMS display page hierarchy, which is similar to the legacy generic QSPDS. Asimilar hierarchy shall be used for PAMS. If page marking is used, it may be plant-specific.

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2.6.2.3 Display Navigation

The access method for displays shall be through a touch screen or other type of navigation deviceutilizing, for example, pull-down or pop-up menus which allow the operator to select the desired page.

Navigation from any display to a desired display shall not require any more than three operations.

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2.6.2,4 Operator's Module Display Alarm Handling

Displays/visual alarms for PAMS are similar to those defined in the QSPDS Functional DesignSpecification (Reference 6) but also include color change behaviors.

Alarms are defined as visual or audible indication that alerts the operator to a change in status. Visualalarms shall be indicated on the PAMS OM and MTP displays. Audible alarms shall be outputs for the

plant annunciators. Each audible alarm shall have one or more corresponding PAMS visual alarm(s).

Visual alarms or abnormal variable status shall be indicated by unique displays for the variables. [

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SPDS analog and digital inputs to PAMS which are not part of the ICCMS/CETMS/HJTCS inputs mayalso be in alarm. SPDS analog inputs are alarmed in the same manner as is defined for a"Parameter Field" in Table 2-12. SPDS digital inputs, such as the digital input for indicating ContainmentPurge Isolation Signal actuation, have their status indicated as "Normal" or "Actuated." "Actuated" is thestatus and need not be acknowledged, as described in the table.

2.6.2.5 Operator Inputs to the Operator's Module

Operator inputs to the OM are expected to be via a touch screen or navigation device. Unless theFE function is actuated, the only OM inputs are for navigating between the display pages and foracknowledging alarms. Setpoint changes and signal bypasses may be performed via the OM when theFE function is actuated by the FE keyswitch.

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2.6.3 Maintenance and Test Panel

The MTP shall be located in the PAMS channel cabinet(s). It is comprised of the same flat panel displayFPD hardware as the OM. Mounting of the MTP should be such that touch screen inputs are practical;provisions shall be made for the use of the same type of navigation device used on the OM.

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The cabinet shall contain a keyboard and navigation that shall be connected to the MTP. The navigationdevice can consist of a mouse/pointing device, trackball, or other similar device. Operator entries aremade by either the touch screen or the navigation device.

The MTP hardware shall consist of a subset of the hardware as defined by the System Requirementsspecification for the Generic FPD (Reference 8). The MTP shall consist of a PC node box and a flat panelmonitor. [

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2.6.3.1 MTP Displays

The MTP displays are the same as those for the OM. As with the OM, the MTP shall have the capabilityof changing the current alarm setpoints, alarm setpoint reset values, and bypassing signals when theFE function is actuated with its keyswitch. The MTP shall have additional maintenance pages that cannot

2.6.3.2 Operator/Technician Inputs to the MTP

Displays, display navigation, and alarm acknowledgement for the MTP shall be the same as the OM.

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2.7 MAJOR SYSTEM CONSTRAINTS

PAMS is intended for use in monitoring ICC parameters and provides the capabilities as defined in thisdocument. The Common Q PAMS is intended to replace and upgrade existing PAMSs and, as such, shallbe designed to be installed in the existing cabinets and be capable of interfacing with existing input andoutput signals and meet the interface requirements specified in Reference 28.

The OM shall be designed to be installed in the existing QSPDS, HJTC, or CET OM space.

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2.8 USER CHARACTERISTICS

As previously discussed, there are two displays, an OM and MTP, for each channel of PAMS. The OMand MTP user characteristics are discussed in the following subsections.

2.8.1 OM User Characteristics

The OM, mounted in the control room, is normally used by the control room operator to monitor thestatus of the system.

Details of the OM displays and capabilities are discussed in subsection 2.6.2.

2.8.2 MTP User Characteristics

The MTP, located in the PAMS cabinet, is primarily used by the instrumentation and control (I&C)technicians to diagnose any problems with the system, perform maintenance and surveillance testing,download PAMS software, interrogate the processor buffer, change setpoints, and reset values and bypasssignals. The MTP provides the same information as the OM and can be used for operations.

Details of the MTP displays and capabilities are discussed in subsection 2.6.3.

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2.9 PAMS DIAGNOSTIC FUNCTIONS

The PAMS equipment shall perform a variety of diagnostic and supervision functions to continuouslymonitor the correct operation of the whole system. [

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2.9.1 Communications Interface Diagnostics

The PAMS shall continuously monitor the data transmission from the processor to the OM or MTP andfrom the OM or MTP to the communications processor.

I

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WESTINGHOUSE NON-PROPRIETARY CLASS 3 2-54

2.9.2 I/O Diagnostics

The system software shall automatically check that all I/O modules are operating correctly. In the event ofa defective or missing module (e.g., during replacement), the module and associated signals are flagged atthe database elements in the application program.

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2.9.3 System Load Calculation

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2.10 PAMS DATA TRANSFER

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WESTINGHOUSE NON-PROPRIETARY CLASS 3 3-1

3 SYSTEM CAPABILITIES, CONDITIONS, AND CONSTRAINTS

3.1 PHYSICAL

3.1.1 Construction

The Common Q PAMS is intended as an upgrade/replacement of the existing PAMS and shall bedesigned to be installed in existing PAMS cabinets. Therefore, the following requirements are providedfor infonnational purposes.

3.1. 1.1 The PAMS channel cabinets shall be located in a restricted access and environmentally suitablearea such as the main control room.

3.1.1.2 Access to the cabinet is normally required only during system testing, calibration, ormaintenance.

3.1.1.3 The PAMS channel cabinet is designed for attaching to floor members by perimeter welding or byimbedded anchor bolts. A PAMS upgrade/replacement shall be designed to be installed in existingcabinets.

3.1.1.4 Fire retardant materials shall be used where practical. Each PAMS channel shall have thecapability of monitoring cabinet or chassis temperature and high temperature detection andannunciation.

3.1.2 Single Failure Requirements

3.1.2.1 The PAMS shall consist of two redundant channels for signal processing and PAMS displays, andprovide data links to the SPDS.

3.1.3 Separation Requirements

3.1.3.1 The PAMS shall be electrically independent and capable of being physically separated from aredundant PAMS channel in accordance with Regu'latory Guide 1.75, "Physical Independence ofElectrical Systems" (Reference 9), and other appropriate standards in Reference 6, up to andincluding the capability of isolation for the data link to the SPDS.

3.1.3.2 Equipment and circuits of PAMS require two channel separation and mechanical isolationmeeting the requirements of Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Standard384, "Standard Criteria for Independence of Class 1E Equipment and Circuits" (Reference 13),and RG 1.75 (Reference 9).

3.1.3.3 The PAMS is normally designed with two completely separate cabinets that can be placedtogether in one area or in separated rooms as required. Some existing PAMS installations areinstalled in a single cabinet with Class IE isolation between the channels.

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3.1.4 Signal Isolation

3.1.4.1 Standard isolation for analog inputs and optical isolation for digital inputs shall be utilized, ifavailable, for the input subsystem portion of PAMS.

3.1.4.2

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3.1.4.3 Data link communications shall be chosen from formats for which optical isolation is available.

3.1.5 Cable Routing

3.1.5.1 The cabinet termination area shall be designed for top or bottom field cable entry. The CommonQ PAMS shall be designed to interface with the existing field cabling.

3.1.5.2 Communications cabling from the PAMS channels to the main control board (MCB) and SPDS isrouted via fiber-optic cables which provide the isolation and independence requirements.

3.1.5.3 Cables for Class 1E PAMS channel input signals shall be isolated and separated to plantrequirements.

3.1.5.4 Cables for Class 1E analog output signals shall be isolated or separated to plant requirements.

3.1.5.5 Digital output signals shall be isolated via physical or solid state relays to plant requirements.

3.1.5.6 [ Pac

3.1.5.7 The Common Q PAMS shall be designed to utilize existing PAMS cabinet wiring, terminations,connectors, etc. as much as practical.

3.1.5.8

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3.1.6 System Security

3.1.6.1 Equipment located within PAMS cabinets are administratively controlled by door key locks toprotect against unauthorized access.

3.1.6.2 [

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3.1.6.3

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3.1.7 Environmental and Seismic Qualification

PAMS shall be environmentally and seismically qualified as described in Reference 2, as follows:

* Electromagnetic compatibility per EPRI TR-102323, "Guidelines for ElectromagneticInterference Testing in Power Plants" (Reference 11).

* Environmentally qualified to IEEE Standard 323-1983, "Standard for Qualification of Class 1EEquipment for Nuclear Power Generating Stations" (Reference 23) as interpreted byCENPD-255-A, Rev. 03, "Class lE Qualification, Qualification of Class 1E ElectricalEquipment" (Reference 24).

* Seismically qualified per IEEE Standard 344-1987, "Recommended Practice for SeismicQualification of Class lE Equipment for Nuclear Power Generating Stations" (Reference 25).

Additional qualification requirements may be needed for a specific plant upgrade.

3.2 SYSTEM PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS

Accuracy requirements shall be defined for system errors for each type of input, for conversions (inputand fluid property calculations), for calculated variables, and for display resolution during normal andabnormal operating conditions. The accuracies and resolution for PAMS are defined in Reference 6 asfollows:

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The accuracies shall be determined with the system operating at its normal scanning rate. It isrecommended that ISA-S67.04, "Setpoints for Nuclear Safety-Related Instrumentation" (Reference 27),be used in calculating uncertainties used in determining actual setpoints.

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3.2.3 J Ia,C

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3.3 SYSTEM OPERATIONS

3.3.1 System Testing, Calibration and Maintenance

3.3.1.1 PAMS shall at least permit administrative control of access to module calibration. Setpointchanges shall be made through software entries.

3.3.1.2 The design shall permit periodic checking, testing, calibration, and calibration verification.

3.3.1.3[]a.c

3.3.1.4 The design shall facilitate the recognition, location, replacement, repair, or adjustment ofmalfunctioning components and modules during power operation.

3.3.1.5 PAMS processing and display hardware and software shall have surveillance and diagnostic testcapabilities.

3.3.1.6 Automatic online surveillance tests shall continuously check for specified hardware and softwaremalfunctions. The malfunctions shall be indicated through the PAMS OM and MTP displays.

3.3.1.7]ac

3.3.1.8 User training requirements, such as for hardware and software maintenance personnel and forsystem users, shall be defined in application-specific plant contracts.

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3.3.2 System Reliability

3.3.2,1 PAMS shall consist of two redundant channels for signal processing and PAMS displays, and forproviding a data link to the SPDS.

3.3.3 Availability Requirements

3.3.3,1 PAMS shall undergo environmental and seismic qualification testing to be available duringnormal and abnormal operating conditions as defined in IEEE Standard 603-1991, "StandardCriteria for Safety Systems for Nuclear Power Generating Stations" (Reference 14), or asspecified in the Technical Specifications for a specific plant implementation. While the IEEEstandard applies to specific automatic Reactor Protection System (RPS) and engineered safetyfeatures (ESF) functions, the principles involved shall be used in the PAMS design wherepossible.

3.3.3.2

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Since time to repair is an important part of availability, this unavailability goal is valid only ifproper spare parts and maintenance support is included.

3.3.3.3 Operability Requirements

PAMS shall be capable of operating during the following plant operating modes:

0

S

0

0

S

Power OperationHot StandbyHot ShutdownStart-UpCold Shutdown

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4 SYSTEM INTERFACES

The upgrade/replacement Common Q PAMS is required to interface with the existing plant equipmentand signals as defined in the QSPDS Interface Requirements (Reference 28). Therefore, this section isprovided for informational purposes.

Each PAMS channel cabinet, housing the respective PAMS processor and MTP, typically interfaces withthe following equipment:[

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4.2 PAMS INPUT SIGNALS

The generic PAMS inputs include the inputs required to support the ICC detection function (i.e., thecombined CETMS/HJTCS/ICCMS/SMM) and typical inputs as required to support the backup SPDSfunction.

The PAMS shall use the Asea Brown Boveri (ABB) S600 family of I/O modules to handle the variousinput and output signals described herein.

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4.2.1 Analog Input Signals

4.2.1.1 The number and type of specific PAMS analog inputs varies from plant to plant.

4.2.1.2 [

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WESTINGHOUSE NON-PROPRIETARY CLASS 3 4-4

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WESTINGHOUSE NON-PROPRIETARY CLASS 3 4-7

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WESTINGHOUSE NON-PROPRIETARY CLASS 3 4-8

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WESTINGHOUSE NON-PROPRIETARY CLASS 3 5-1

5 REFERENCES

The following is a list of references, codes, standards, and guidelines upon which the PAMS design isbased. These documents are applied as referred to in this document.

1. WCAP-16097-P-A, Rev. 0, "Common Qualified Platform Topical Report1 ,"Westinghouse Electric Company LLC.

2. WCAP-16097-P-A, Appendix 1, Rev. 0, "Common Qualified Platform Post Accident MonitoringSystems," Westinghouse Electric Company LLC.

3. WCAP-16097-P-A, Appendix 2, Rev. 0, "Common Qualified Platform Core Protection CalculatorSystem1," Westinghouse Electric Company LLC.

4. DELETED

5. WCAP-16096-NP-A, Rev. 1A, "Software Program Manual for Common Q Systems,"Westinghouse Electric Company LLC.

6. NPROD-ICE-3201, Rev. 03, "A Functional Design Description for the Qualified SafetyParameter Display System," Westinghouse Electric Company LLC.

7. PA-99-013-I&C, "Common Q Core Protection Calculator System and Post Accident MonitoringSystem Phase 3'," ABB, 1999.

8. 00000-ICE-30155, Rev. 05, "System Requirements Specification for the Common Q Generic FlatPanel Display," Westinghouse Electric Company LLC.

9. Regulatory Guide 1.75, "Physical Independence of Electrical Systems," U.S. Nuclear RegulatoryCommission, Rev. 02, September 1978.

10. Regulatory Guide 1.97, "Instrumentation for Light Water Cooled Nuclear Power Plants to AssessPlant Conditions During and Following an Accident," U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission,"Rev. 03, June 1983.

11. EPRI Topical Report EPRI TR-102323, Rev. 1, "Guidelines for Electromagnetic InterferenceTesting in Power Plants," Electric Power Research Institute, 1997.

12. IEEE Standard 1233-1996, "IEEE Guide for Developing System Requirements Specifications,"Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., 1996.

13. IEEE Standard 384-1992, "Standard Criteria for Independence of Class 1E Equipment andCircuits," Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., 1992.

1. This reference is not specifically referred to in this document but was initially used in the development of thisdocument. It is retained for historical information only.

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14. IEEE Standard 603-1991, "Standard Criteria for Safety Systems for Nuclear Power GeneratingStations," Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., 1991.

15. DELETED

16. "The NIST/ASME International Temperature Scale of 1990," National Institute of Standards andTechnology/American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1990.

17. NPROD-ICE-3200, Rev. 03, "A Functional Design Description for the Heated JunctionThermocouple System," Westinghouse Electric Company LLC.

18. NUREG-0700, "Guidelines for Control Room Design Reviews," U.S. Nuclear RegulatoryCommission, May 2002.

19. NUREG-0814, "Methodology for Evaluation of Emergency Response Facilities," U.S. NuclearRegulatory Commission, August 1981.

20. NUREG-0835, "Human Factors Acceptance Criteria for the Safety Parameter Display System,"U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, October 1981.

21. NUREG 0737, "Clarification of TMI Action Plan Requirements," U.S. Nuclear RegulatoryCommission, 1980.

22. NUREG 0696, "Guidelines for Emergency Response Facilities," U.S. Nuclear RegulatoryCommission, February 1981.

23. IEEE Standard 323-1983, "Standard for Qualification of Class IE Equipment for Nuclear PowerGenerating Stations," Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., 1983.

24. CENPD-255-A, Rev. 3, "Class 1E Qualification, Qualification of Class IE Electrical Equipment,"Westinghouse Electric Company LLC.

25. IEEE 344-1987, "Recommended Practice for Seismic Qualification of Class 1E Equipment forNuclear Power Generating Stations," Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.,1987.

26. IAPWS-95, "The IAPWS Formulation 1995 for the Thermodynamic Properties of OrdinaryWater Substance for General and Scientific Use," The International Association for the Propertiesof Water and Steam, September 1996.

27. ISA-$67.04 1994, "Setpoints for Nuclear Safety-Related Instrumentation," International Societyof Automation, 1994.

28. NPROD-ICE-3102, Rev. 02, "Interface Requirements for Qualified Safety ParameterDisplay System."

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29. DELETED

30. 00000-ICE-3453, Rev. 01, "Common Q Power Supply System Technical Manual,"Westinghouse Electric Company LLC.

31. CEN-185-P, Supplement 3-P, "Heated Junction Thermocouple Phase III Test Report,"Westinghouse Electric Company LLC, 1982.

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WESTINGHOUSE NON-PROPRIETARY CLASS 3 A-1

APPENDIX ASYSTEM REQUIREMENTS FOR COMMON Q PHASE 3

SINGLE CHANNEL POST ACCIDENT MONITORING SYSTEM

A.1 PURPOSE

The main body of this document provided generic requirements for the Common Q PAMS that areintended to be used as the basis for developing a plant-specific PAMS. This document discusses atwo-channel PAMS whereas this appendix is applicable to a single channel.

This appendix defines specific requirements for a single channel PAMS for the Common Q Phase 3 effort.This appendix will define any specific functions incorporated into the PAMS, as well as the inputs,outputs, and their ranges.

Only the requirements that are different from the main body of this document which would be applicableto a plant-specific design are addressed in this appendix.

A.2 OVERVIEW

The single channel PAMS will consist of the following functions:

* Saturation Margin Monitoring* HJTCS/RVLMS (using a split probe design)* CETMS* RG 1.97 Variables

A.3 INPUTS AND OUTPUTS

The following tables defines the PAMS input and output variables with their respective ranges, values,and units of measure.

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I 1 + I I- 4

1 1 + 1 4- 4.

I I *I- I 1- 1

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1 4 4 4 4 4

4 4 4 4 4- 4

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WESTINGHOUSE NON-PROPRIETARY CLASS 3 A-3WESTINGHOUSE NON-PROPRIETARY CLASS 3 A-3

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WESTINGHOUSE NON-PROPRIETARY CLASS 3 A-4

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WESTINGHOUSE NON-PROPRIETARY CLASS 3 A-5WESTINGHOUSE NON-PROPRIETARY CLASS 3 A-5

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WESTINGHOUSE NON-PROPRIETARY CLASS 3 A-7

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WESTINGHOUSE NON-PROPRIETARY CLASS 3 A-8

A.5 PAMS SETPOINTS AND CONSTANTS

The following provides the PAMS setpoints, setpoint reset values, constants, and default values. Thesevalues include the SMM, HJTC, and CET and are defined in Section 2.5.

A.5.1 [ a,c

II

3a,C

i

+

+

I1

i

t +

4-

t I.

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WESTINGHOUSE NON-PROPRIETARY CLASS 3 A-9

A.5.2 [ ]alc

]ac

Table A-6 [ ] a,c a,c

4 + *4.

1 +

4 +

4 + .4-

A.5.3 I Il,c

I

lac

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WESTINGHOUSE NON-PROPRIETARY CLASS 3 A-10

a,c

Figure A-1 I I a,c

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