WATERSHED –

WAY TO SOURCE SUSTAINABILITY

Dhirenkumar ChavdaConsultant – RDWP & WWM

UNICEF - PHED

Geomorphology Climate

Land uses

Vegetation

Watershed hydrology

Albedo

Watershed components

Watersheds

http://www.epa.gov/owow/watershed/whatis.html

Hydrological cycle of a watershed

WATERSHED ZONES

Watersheds

• Bedrock• Type and distribution of soils

Watershed components: Geology

• http://www.soils.umn.edu/academics/classes/soil2125/doc/s2chap5.htm

http://geohazards.cr.usgs.gov/wa/lsphotos1/photos4.html

• The ease with which water penetrate or pass through a bulk mass of soil or a layer of soil

Geology: Soil permeability

http://www.nre.vic.gov.au/web/root/Domino/vro/vroimages.nsf/Images/gloss-ferr/

http://soils.usda.gov/gallery/state_soils/ http://soils.usda.gov/gallery/state_soils/

• Total porosity of a soil determines maximum water content at saturation; soils within zone of aeration are seldom saturated.

• Textural (primary) porosity: voids between aggregates.

• Structural (secondary) porosity: voids within aggregates – fracture or poor zones

Geology: soil pore space and water content

http://wrgis.wr.usgs.gov/open-file/of99-168/Pp-limestone.jpg

Geology: Groundwater vs. soil moisture

• Groundwater:– Subsurface water in the zone of saturation that is

free to move under the influence of gravity, often horizontally to stream channels

• Soil Moisture:– Subsurface water in the unsaturated zone held in

place by capillary forces

Geology: moisture content of various soils

· Infiltration is the flow of water downward through the upper layers of soil

Geology: Infiltration

Geology: infiltration capacity during a storm

Geology: soil moisture profile after a rain event

1) Before Storm2) End of Storm3) One day after4) Two days after5) Three days after

Adopted from: http://www.nre.vic.gov.au/web/root/Domino/vro/vroimages.nsf/Images/gloss-ferr/

Geology: seasonal infiltration trends

Geology: seasonal variation in watershed runoff

Geology: Saturation and runoff generation

Generation of ground water prospects map

by integrating five layers using GIS LITHOLOGY

PPM

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PPS

PPS

APM

PPSSH

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SH

PPS

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PPM

APM

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PPS RM RMRM

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GEOMORPHOLOGY

STRUCTURE

HYDROLOGY

BASE

Rajiv Gandhi National Drinking Water Mission project

National Remote Sensing Agency

Implementation in Dhanbad district, Jharkhand

• Annual water budget for Lawrence Lake, Michigan, and Mirror Lake, New Hampshire

Watershed: Water budgets

THANK YOU