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WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT & UTILIZATION IN WESTERN INDIA
ARAVAZHI.TBTE-06-002
India’s Water Budget
Annual precipitation - 4000 km3 Annual flow per year for the Indian rivers
-1953 km3. Annual replenishable groundwater
resources -432 km3 Annual utilizable surface water 690 km3
per year Annual groundwater resources 396 km3
per year Cherrapunji -Highest Rainfall in the world
Western India
Major Rivers Of Western India
Name of the River Length(km) Catchment Area(sq km)
Sabarmati 371 21674
Mahi 583 34842
Narmada 1312 98796
Tapti 724 65145
Mahanadi 851 141589
Godavari 1465 312812
Basin Wise Average Flow And Utilizable Water
Name of the River Average annual flow (km³/yr)
Utilizable flow (km³/yr)
Sabarmati 3.81 3.81
Mahi 11.02 3.1
Narmada 45.64 34.5
Tapti 14.88 14.5
Mahanadi 28.48 18.3
Godavari 110.54 76.3
Rainfall Conditions
Annual rainfall of less than 500 mm is experienced in western Rajasthan and adjoining parts of Gujarat.
Some parts of Western Rajastan receives annual rainfall of less than 100 mm.
Nearly 80 per cent of the land in the Konkan, which receives the highest rainfall on the West Coast.
Average Annual Rainfall Of The Western States
State Meteorological Divisions
Average annual rainfall (mm)
Gujarat Gujarat region Saurashtra and Kachchh
1,107578
Goa Konkan and Goa 3,005
Maharashtra Konkan and GoaMadhya MaharashtraMarathwadaVidarbha
3,005901882
1,034
Rajasthan West RajasthanEast Rajasthan
313675
Irrigation Sources
Name of the state
Canals wells Tanks Other Sources (%)
Total gross irrigated Area (1000 ha)No % No % No %
Goa 12 33 - - 24 67 - 36
Gujarat 720 20 2871 79 35 1 - 3643
Maharastra 521 - - - 321 - - 3002
Rajastan 2200 33 4266 63 218 3 1 6743
D & N haveli (UT)
1 3 34 - - - 25 4
Irrigation Projects
Name of the state Major irrigation projects Medium Irrigation projects
Goa 1 2
Gujarat 22 132
Maharastra 66 273
Rajastan 10 101
Recharge Of Aquifers
In western india’s unconfined alluvial aquifers, it is being
increasingly realized that groundwater depletion can be
countered only by importing surface water.
Sardar Sarovar Project (SSP)
The purpose of the project is to identify reliable sources of
water of sufficient quantity and quality to supply.
Gross Irrigated Area
State Geographical area (m ha)
Gross Area under
cultivation (m ha)
Gross area
irrigated (m ha)
Gross area irrigated to gross area
cultivated (%)
Net area irrigated (m ha)
Goa 0.37 0.165 0.036 21.1 0.023
Gujarat 19.602 10.082 3.655 36.253 3.002
Maharastra 30.771 21.327 3.149 14.765 2.567
Rajastan 34.24 19.672 6.361 2.335 5.232
D & N haveli
0.049 0.027 0.005 18.519 0.005
Daman & Diu
0.011 0.005 0.001 20 0.001
State wise Ultimate Irrigation Potential & Potential Created
state Ultimate potetial % of PC to UIP
MMI MI-Surface MI-Groundwater
MMI MI-Surface
MI-Groundwater
Gujarat 3000 347 2756 47.67 134.87 87.59
Maharashtra 4100 1200 3652 79.00 141.17 97.37
Rajastan 2750 600 1778 90.25 34.83 260.46
State Wise Growth Rate In Groundwater Irrigated Area(1960-1
to 2002-3)
State 1960-1 to 1980-1 1980-1 to 2002-03 1960-1 to 2002-3
Gujarat 6.50 2.35 4.05
Maharashtra 3.35 3.18 2.79
Rajasthan 3.24 4.22 3.55
Reference
http://www.ias.ac.in/currsci/sep102005/794.pdf
http://www.iwrs.in/iwr.htm
A.M.Michael “Irrigation theory & practice”
A. Narayanamoorthy “Trends in Irrigated Area in India: 1950-51
to 2002-03”