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8/12/2019 Water Powers Avaliable
1/11
1 | Program Name or Ancillary Text eere.energy.gov
Water Power Peer Review
Acoustic Effects of Hydrokinetic Tidal
Turbines
Dr. Brian Polagye
University of Washington, NNMREC
November 1, 2011
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Purpose, Objectives, & Integration
Determine the likely acoustic effects from a tidal energy
project
understand potential harm to marine life Ambient noise (context for turbine noise)
Sound from turbines (at various device scales)
Marine species presence (space and time variation)
Effect of sound on marine species (injury and behavioral changes)
All data collected over course of project in public
domain (NNMREC website)
Industry, university, and laboratory involvement
Snohomish PUD: Craig Collar and Jessica Spahr
University of Washington: Brian Polagye, Jim Thomson, Chris Bassett
(NSF graduate research fellow), Joe Graber
SMRU, Ltd: Dom Tollit and Jason Wood
PNNL: Andrea Copping and Tom Carlson
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Technical Approach
Monitoring Biological and Physical Characteristcs
Infrared detection (land-based)
AIS Tracking
(land-based)
Sea Spider
(bottom-mounted)
Marine mammalecholocation
detectors
Ambient noiserecorder
Fish tag receiver
Doppler profiler
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Technical Approach
Sound from Tidal Turbines
Limited measurements from
OpenHydro turbine at EMEC
Apply first-order scaling rules for
arrays of larger turbines Focus on post-installation
characterization of turbine noise
Omnidirectional sound propagationtest
Demonstrate characterizationmethodology for TRL 7/8 projects
Necessary to place turbine noise
in context of ambient noise OpenHydro turbine noise measurements(Scottish Association of Marine Sciences )
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Technical Approach
Effects of Turbine Noise
Literature review of effects on
marine species from percussive and
continuous noise
Laboratory experiments expandingknowledge base (juvenile salmon)
Exposure to simulated turbine noise inanechoic tank
Measured hearing response to identify
onset of threshold shift Necropsies to identify tissue damage
Proxy study: effect of ferry noise on
harbor porpoise
Ferry noise frequency distribution
similar to turbine
Top: Fish undergoing an Auditory Evoked Potential (AEP)
Hearing test. Bottom: Electrophysiological response
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Plan, Schedule, & Budget
Schedule
Initiation date: September 30, 2009 (under contract March 26, 2010) Planned completion date: December 31, 2011 Fabrication and deployment of Sea Spiders (August 2010) Sound propagation field study (August 2011) Laboratory hearing/exposure experiment (March June 2011) Presentation of results (e.g., webinars, conferences) (2010-2011)
Budget Two additional Sea Spider deployments (increased supplies) 85% of DOE funds costed (September 2011)
Budget HistoryFY2009 FY2010 FY2011
DOE Cost-share DOE Cost-share DOE Cost-share
$0 $0 $213k $26k $291k $26k
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Accomplishments and Results
Context is Crucial for Interpreting Acoustic Effects
Ambient noise will also complicate post-installation measurements
Estimated effect of turbine operationon ambient noise
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Accomplishments and Results
Maximum Ambient Noise is Vessel Dominated
Vessel density (vessel-minutes) inproject area
Cumulative probability distributions ofbroadband received levels
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Accomplishments and Results
Marine Mammal Response is Site-Specific
No apparent avoidance to
exposure at 140 dB (broadband)
Indicator of noise habituation
N = 16
R2= 0.1, F= 5.5, p= 0.02
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Challenges to Date
OpenHydro turbine noise measurements(Scottish Association of Marine Sciences )
Acoustic Source
Limited measurements
difficult toquantify turbine noise
Focus on testing methods tocharacterize turbine noise post-install
Measurements
Flow noise and self noise affectmeasurements when currents > 1 m/s
Development of compact flow shieldfor stationary measurements anddrifting hydrophone approach
Species effects
Cannot experiment directly on marinemammals
Opportunistic proxy studies
Surrogate laboratory experiments
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Next Steps
Project Completion
Summary report describing techniques andlessons learned
Analysis of source propagation data
Publications: vessel noise, harbor porpoisepresence, proxy study of noise effects
Future Work
Better analytical tools for scaling noise estimates
from measurementsSimple tools for pre-installation estimates
emphasize measuring noise at pilot-scale
Scale-updesign trade-offs for quieter turbines