Water Pollution Tp b38

8/8/2019 Water Pollution Tp b38

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LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY

TERM PAPER

PHY-102

WATER POLLUTION

SUBMITTED TO : DATE : SUBMITTED BY :

Mr. Vishal Thakur 12/11/2010 AADITYA PANDEY

SIR FRIDAY B6001 & B38


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WATER POLLUTION :-Over the total of the part of earth is

constituted the 70% is made of water and it has become an integral part of

our life as a many part of total lifestyle is dependent on it and its a part of

the solution. As far as the total term paper is the considered I have

discussed the major sources of water pollution can be classified as

municipal, industrial, and agricultural. Municipal water pollution consists of

waste water from homes and commercial establishments. For many years,

the main goal of treating municipal

wastewater was simply to reduce its content of suspended solids.

SOURCES OF WATER :-


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WATER POLLUTION CAUSES & ITS DIAGRAMATIC OVERLAY :-


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Domestic households, industrial and agricultural practices produce

wastewater that can cause pollution of many lakes and rivers. Sewage is

the term used for wastewater that often contains faeces, urine and laundry

waste.There are billions of people on Earth, so treating sewage is a big

priority.Sewage disposal is a major problem in developing countries asmany people in these areas dont have access to sanitary conditions and

clean water. Untreated sewage water in such areas can contaminate the

environment and cause diseases such as diarrhea. Sewage in developed

countries is carried away from the home quickly and hygienically through

sewage pipes.Sewage is treated in water treatment plants and the waste is

often disposed into the sea.In developed countries, sewage often disposed

into the sea.In developed countries, sewage often causes problems when

people flush chemical and pharmaceutical substances down the toilet.When people are ill, sewage often carries harmful viruses and bacteria into

the environment causing health problems.


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Industryis a huge source of water pollution, it produces pollutants that are

extremely harmful to people and the environment.

Many industrial facilities use freshwater to carry away waste from the plantand into rivers, lakes and oceans.

Pollutants from industrial sources include:

Asbestos This pollutant is a serious health hazard and carcinogenic.Asbestos fibres can be inhaled and cause illnesses such as asbestosis,mesothelioma, lung cancer, intestinal cancer and liver cancer.

Lead This is a metallic element and can cause health and environmentalproblems. It is a non-biodegradable substance so is hard to clean up oncethe environment is contaminated. Lead is harmful to the health of manyanimals, including humans, as it can inhibit the action of bodily enzymes.


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Mercury - This is a metallic element and can cause health andenvironmental problems. It is a non-biodegradable substance so is hard toclean up once the environment.

Nuclear waste is produced from industrial, medical and scientific processes

that use radioactive.

A tank or piping network that has at least 10 percent of its volumeunderground is known as an underground storage tank (UST). They oftenstore substances such as petroleum, that are harmful to the surroundingenvironment should it become contaminated. Many USTs constructedbefore 1980 are made from steel pipes that are directly exposed to theenvironment. Over time the steel corrodes and causes leakages, affectingsurrounding soil and groundwater.

Atmosphericdeposition is the pollution of water caused by air pollution.

In the atmosphere, water particles mix with carbon dioxide sulphur dioxideand nitrogen oxides, this forms a weak acid.

Air pollution means that water vapour absorbs more of these gases and

becomes even more acidic.


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When it rains the water is polluted with these gases, this is called acid

rain.

When acid rain pollutes marine habitats such as rivers and lakes, aquaticlife is harmed. material. Nuclear waste can have detrimental effects onmarine habitats. Nuclear waste comes from a number of sources:Operations conducted by nuclear power stations produce radioactivewaste. Nuclear-fuel reprocessing plants in northern Europe are the biggestsources of man-made nuclear waste in the surrounding ocean. Radioactivetraces from these plants have been found as far away as Greenland.Mining and refining of uranium and thorium are also causes of marinenuclear waste. Waste is also produced in the nuclear fuel cycle which is

used in many industrial, medical and scientific processes.

An increase in water temperature can result in the death of many aquatic

organisms and disrupt many marine habitats.

For example, a rise in water temperatures causes coral bleaching of reefs

around the world. This is when the coral expels the microorganisms of

which it is dependent on. This can result in great damage to coral reefs

and subsequently, all the marine life that depends on it.

Eutrophication is when the environment becomes enriched with nutrients.

This can be a problem in marine habitats such as lakes as it can cause

algal blooms.

Fertilisers are often used in farming, sometimes these fertilisers run-off

into nearby water causing an increase in nutrient levels.

This causes phytoplankton to grow and reproduce more rapidly, resulting

in algal blooms.

This bloom of algae disrupts normal ecosystem functioning and causes

many problems.


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The algae may use up all the oxygen in the water, leaving none for other

marine life. This results in the death of many aquatic organisms such as

fish, which need the oxygen in the water to live.

The bloom of algae may also block sunlight from photosynthetic marineplants under the water surface.

Some algae even produce toxins that are harmful to higher forms of life.

This can cause problems along the food chain and affect any animal that

feeds on them.

Global warming is a process where the average global temperature

increases due to the greenhouse effect.

The burning of fossil fuel releases greenhouse gasses, such as carbon

dioxide, into the atmosphere.

This causes heat from the sun to get trapped in the Earths atmosphere

and consequently the global temperature rises. The rise in the Earth's

water temperature is caused by global warming.

EFFECTS :-

Virtually all types of water pollution are harmful to the health of humans

and animals. Water pollution may not damage our health immediately but

can be harmful after long term exposure. Different forms of pollutants

affect the health of animals in different ways:

Heavy metals from industrial processes can accumulate in nearby lakes

and rivers. These are toxic to marine life such as fish and shellfish, and

subsequently to the humans who eat them. Heavy metals can slow

development; result in birth defects and some are carcinogenic.

Industrial waste often contains many toxic compounds that damage the

health of aquatic animals and those who eat them. Some of the toxins in

industrial waste may only have a mild effect whereas other can be fatal.

They can cause immune suppression, reproductive failure or acute


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poisoning. Microbial water pollution is a major problem in the developing

world, with diseases such as cholera and typhoid fever being the primary

cause of infant mortality.Organic matter and nutrients causes an increase

in aerobic algae and depletes oxygen from the water column. This causes

the suffocation of fish & other aquatic organisms.

By having more plants in your garden you are preventing fertiliser,

pesticides and contaminated water from running off into nearby water

sources.

Don't throw litter into rivers, lakes or oceans. Help clean up any litter you

see on beaches or in rivers and lakes, make sure it is safe to collect thelitter and put it in a nearby dustbin.

LEGISLATIONAL APPROACH TO PREVENT: Several forms of legislation

have been passed in recent decades to try to control water pollution. In

1970, the Clean Water Act provided 50 billion dollars to cities and states

to build wastewater facilities. This has helped control surface water

pollution from industrial and municipal sources throughout the United

States. When congress passed the Clean Water Act in 1972, states were

given primary authority to set their own standards for their water. Inaddition to these standards, the act required that all state beneficial uses

and their criteria must comply with the fishable and swimmable goals of

the act. This essentially means that state beneficial uses must be able to

support aquatic life and recreational use. Because it is impossible to test

water for every type of disease-causing organism, states usually look to

identify indicator bacteria. One for a example is a bacteria known as fecal

coliforms.(Figure 1 shows the quality of water for each every state in the

United States, click on the US link). These indicator bacteria

World. Acidification of surface waters by air pollution is a recent

phenomenon and threatens aquatic life in many area of the world. In

developed countries, these general types of pollution have occurred


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sequentially with the result that most developed countries have

successfully dealt with major surface water pollution. In contrast,

however, newly industrialized countries such as China, India, Thailand,

Brazil, and Mexico are now facing all these issues simultaneously.

PREVENTION :-

If you want to help keep our waters clean, there are many things you can

do to help. You can prevent water pollution of nearby rivers and lakes as

well as groundwater and drinking water by following some simple

guidelines in your everyday life.

Conserve water by turning off the tap when running water is not

necessary. This helps prevent water shortages and reduces the amount ofcontaminated water that needs treatment.

Be careful about what you throw down your sink or toilet. Don't throw

paints, oils or other forms of litter down the drain.

Use environmentally household products, such as washing powder,

household cleaning agents and toiletries.

Take great care not to overuse pesticides and fertilisers. This will preventrunoffs of the material into nearby water sources.


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suggest that a certain selection of water may be contaminated with

untreated sewage and that other, more dangerous, organisms are

present. These legislations are an important part in the fight against water

pollution. They are useful in preventing Envioronmental catastrophes.

The graph shows reported pollution incidents since 1989-1994. If strongerlegislations existed, perhaps these events would never have occurred.

Water quality is closely linked to water use and to the state of economic

development. In industrialized countries, bacterial contamination of surface

water caused serious health problems in major cities throughout the mid

1800s. By the turn of the century, cities in Europe and North America

began building sewer networks to route domestic wastes downstream of

water intakes. Development of these sewage networks and waste

treatment facilities in urban areas has expanded tremendously in the past

two decades. However, the rapid growth of the urban population

(especially in Latin America and Asia) has outpaced the ability of

governments to expand sewage and water infrastructure. While

waterborne diseases have been eliminated in the developed world,

outbreaks of cholera and other similar diseases still occur with alarming

frequency in the developing countries. Since World War II and the birth of

the chemical age, water quality has been heavily impacted worldwide by

industrial and agricultural chemicals. Eutrophication of surface waters fromhuman and agricultural wastes and nitrification of groundwater from

agricultural practices has greatly affected large parts of the

Water can be reused. Almost all solid particles are removed from the water

and chemical additives are supplied to get rid of any left-over impurities.


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Bibliography :-

1.) Chemistry Xith (NCERT)

2.) Ground water Pollution Larry w canter

3.) Water Pollution Bert allerd

4.) Water Pollution P.D. Abel5.) Water Pollution Rhonda Lucas Donald.

References :-

1.) www.google.com

2.) www.wikipedia.com

3.) www.epa.gov/ebtpages/waterpollution.html

4.) www.mbgnet.net/fresh/pollute.html
http://www.google.com/http://www.wikipedia.com/http://www.epa.gov/ebtpages/waterpollution.htmlhttp://www.epa.gov/ebtpages/waterpollution.htmlhttp://www.mbgnet.net/fresh/pollute.htmlhttp://www.mbgnet.net/fresh/pollute.htmlhttp://www.google.com/http://www.wikipedia.com/http://www.epa.gov/ebtpages/waterpollution.htmlhttp://www.mbgnet.net/fresh/pollute.html

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Water Pollution Tp b38