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Water Distribution System Planning Dan Barr, PE and Mark Upite, PE Burgess & Niple, Inc. Ohio AWWA SW District Meeting Friday, Oct. 14, 2011

Water Distribution Planning

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Presented at the Ohio AWWA SW District Meeting.

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Page 1: Water Distribution Planning

Water Distribution System Planning

Dan Barr, PE and Mark Upite, PEBurgess & Niple, Inc.

Dan Barr, PE and Mark Upite, PEBurgess & Niple, Inc.

Ohio AWWA SW District Meeting

Friday, Oct. 14, 2011

Page 2: Water Distribution Planning

Introduction

• Do I have any problems in my system?• How do I know what’s not working?• How complete is my mapping?• Are main breaks a problem?• What is adequate storage? • How do I know what to replace first?

You need a plan!

• Do I have any problems in my system?• How do I know what’s not working?• How complete is my mapping?• Are main breaks a problem?• What is adequate storage? • How do I know what to replace first?

You need a plan!

Page 3: Water Distribution Planning

Information Required for Planning

• Piping Network- GIS, CAD, Hard Copy

• Customer Demands- GIS, Evenly distributed, Billing Records with Address

Locater in Esri’s ArcMap (Geocoding)

• Ground Elevations- GIS, LIDAR, USGS 7.5 Min Map

• Pump, Control Valve, and Tank Information- Pump Curves, Valve Type/Status, Tank

Geometry/Elevations

• Piping Network- GIS, CAD, Hard Copy

• Customer Demands- GIS, Evenly distributed, Billing Records with Address

Locater in Esri’s ArcMap (Geocoding)

• Ground Elevations- GIS, LIDAR, USGS 7.5 Min Map

• Pump, Control Valve, and Tank Information- Pump Curves, Valve Type/Status, Tank

Geometry/Elevations

Page 4: Water Distribution Planning

Additional Information for Planning

• Population Forecasts• Hydrant Data• Isolation Valve Data• Customer Meter Locations

• Population Forecasts• Hydrant Data• Isolation Valve Data• Customer Meter Locations

Page 5: Water Distribution Planning

Model Benefits

The best plans start with a water distribution system model.

• A model is a computer simulation of the system.• Predicts pressure and flows under varying

conditions.• Can determine what the existing and future needs

are to optimize system performance.

Page 6: Water Distribution Planning

Model Creation and Data Entry

Insert Pipes, Contours/Surface, Background MappingClean Up Junctions, Verify Cross Connections, Assign Elevations

Page 7: Water Distribution Planning

Geospatially Locating Demands

- Incorporate GIS Meter Locations or Utilize Geocoding to Develop Locations- Use Billing Records to Apply ADD to Meter Location- Allocate Meter Location and Values to Nearest Junction - Evenly Distribute Unaccounted For Losses

Page 8: Water Distribution Planning

Global Edit Demands

- Now a ADD Scenario is Setup, Create Scenarios for MDD and PHD- Typical MDD is 1.5 X ADD- Typical PHD = 2 X MDD- Use Historic WTP Production or Master Meter Records if Available- Modify Pumps/Booster Pumps/Tank Levels/etc.

Page 9: Water Distribution Planning

Calibration & Fire Flow Tests

Field Data is Needed to Calibrate the Model.

Page 10: Water Distribution Planning

Model Update – Darwin Calibrator

- Field Data is Compared Against Model Output- Algorithms are Run Millions of Times and Pipe Friction is Adjusted for Each Pipe Until Field Data and Model Output Converge.

Page 11: Water Distribution Planning

Model Update – Calibration

The City should be able to trust the model with million dollar waterline decisions!

Decisions made with the model can save a City millions!

The City should be able to trust the model with million dollar waterline decisions!

Decisions made with the model can save a City millions!

Page 12: Water Distribution Planning

Transmission Evaluation

AWWA Guidelines

Meet Performance Standards

Determine Design Conditions

AWWA Guidelines

Meet Performance Standards

Determine Design Conditions

Page 14: Water Distribution Planning

Technical Approach – Chemical Assessments and Tank Turnover

Look at Water Age First for Water Quality Issues

Page 15: Water Distribution Planning

Fire Flow Capacity Evaluations

Page 16: Water Distribution Planning

Fire Flow Capacities and Durations will be Dependent Upon:

Insurance Insurance Service Office (ISO), Factory Mutual Insurance Company (FM Global)

Local Code Building and Zoning

Local Authority (Has power to supersede both above) Fire Chief/Fire Marshall

Insurance Insurance Service Office (ISO), Factory Mutual Insurance Company (FM Global)

Local Code Building and Zoning

Local Authority (Has power to supersede both above) Fire Chief/Fire Marshall

Page 17: Water Distribution Planning

Example of Residential Fire Flow Trouble Spot and Evaluation of Cost Effective Solution :

Exist fire flows meet insurance and local code. However, the Fire Marshall wants all hydrants in a particular residential area to have a minimum of 1,000 gpm at max day demand while maintaining 20 psi residual pressure.

Exist fire flows meet insurance and local code. However, the Fire Marshall wants all hydrants in a particular residential area to have a minimum of 1,000 gpm at max day demand while maintaining 20 psi residual pressure.

Page 18: Water Distribution Planning

Projects Evaluated to Increase Fire Flows

Page 19: Water Distribution Planning

Project Costs and Modeled Fire Flow Results

Page 20: Water Distribution Planning

Color Coded Fire Flows Allow Identification of Trouble Spots and Results of Solutions

Page 21: Water Distribution Planning

CIP Summary & Location Plan

Page 22: Water Distribution Planning

Storage Analysis

A comprehensive, innovative, and straightforward storage and pumping analysis that will help determine:

Distribution system capabilities during critical conditions

Current and future storage/pumping requirements Determine and test proposed solutions District by district requirements Combines many storage concepts into one analysis. Incorporates minimum turnover requirements No mysterious factors or multipliers

A comprehensive, innovative, and straightforward storage and pumping analysis that will help determine:

Distribution system capabilities during critical conditions

Current and future storage/pumping requirements Determine and test proposed solutions District by district requirements Combines many storage concepts into one analysis. Incorporates minimum turnover requirements No mysterious factors or multipliers

Page 23: Water Distribution Planning

Storage Evaluation Spreadsheet

Distribution System Storage Requirements

Criteria (unit) Sample District

YourDistrict 1

YourDistrict 2

YourDistrict 3

YourDistrict 4

YourDistrict 5

Average daily demands (gpm) 100          

Peak day demands (gpm) 200          

Peak hour demands (gpm) 300          

Booster pump firm capacity (gpm) 200          

Design fire flow (gpm) 3,500          

Design fire duration (hours) 3          

Design fire flow supplied by storage (gpm) 3,500 0 0 0 0 0

Total fire flow storage capacity required (gal) 630,000 0 0 0 0 0

Balancing storage required (gal) 48,000 0 0 0 0 0

Desired emergency outage duration (hours) 6          

Emergency outage required capacity assuming average daily demands (gal) 36,000 0 0 0 0 0

SubtotalRequired storage capacity (gal)

630,000 0 0 0 0 0

Desired turnover percentage 20% 20% 20% 20% 20% 20%

Required storage volume for desired turnover (gal) 126,000 0 0 0 0 0

Total additional capacity required for turnover (gal) 78,000 0 0 0 0 0

TotalRequired storage capacity

708,000 0 0 0 0 0

Current storage capacity (gal) 1,000,000          

Difference (gal)Deficiencies will display in red

292,000 0 0 0 0 0

Maximum sustainable storage capacity (gal) 720,000 0 0 0 0 0

Page 24: Water Distribution Planning

Analysis Components

This analysis determines the minimum required storage volume for each of the following components:

Operational (balancing and turnover)

Fire Protection Outages

This analysis determines the minimum required storage volume for each of the following components:

Operational (balancing and turnover)

Fire Protection Outages

The Three Components of Storage

The Three Components of Storage

Page 25: Water Distribution Planning

Analysis Data Requirements

Water demands by district is ideal Existing system storage volumes Existing pumping capacity

Water demands by district is ideal Existing system storage volumes Existing pumping capacity

Page 26: Water Distribution Planning

Emergency Outages

This component deals with situations when the source(s) for each district is out of service. Assumptions for determining minimum outage

volume:– The minimum number of hours the system must operate on

storage alone– The demands during the outage

The system’s emergency management plan must coordinate with these assumptions

This component deals with situations when the source(s) for each district is out of service. Assumptions for determining minimum outage

volume:– The minimum number of hours the system must operate on

storage alone– The demands during the outage

The system’s emergency management plan must coordinate with these assumptions

Page 27: Water Distribution Planning

Emergency Outage Equations

Minimum Storage Volume Demand (gpm) x Outage Requirement (hours) x

60 (minutes/hour) = Required Volume (gal)

In Millions of Gallons Per Day Demand (mgd) x 1,000,000 gal/mil gal x Outage

Requirement (hours) / 24 (days/hours) = Required Volume (gal)

Minimum Storage Volume Demand (gpm) x Outage Requirement (hours) x

60 (minutes/hour) = Required Volume (gal)

In Millions of Gallons Per Day Demand (mgd) x 1,000,000 gal/mil gal x Outage

Requirement (hours) / 24 (days/hours) = Required Volume (gal)

Page 28: Water Distribution Planning

Fire Protection

This component is sized by determining the design fire in each district.

The design fire is an assumption based on a number of factors– Local fire department requirements– Organizations like ISO, Inc. that publish public fire protection data– Ohio Fire Code

Begin analysis after choosing design fire – How much of required fire flow rate can be delivered by system

pumping– What portion of the design fire will need to be delivered by system

storage

This component is sized by determining the design fire in each district.

The design fire is an assumption based on a number of factors– Local fire department requirements– Organizations like ISO, Inc. that publish public fire protection data– Ohio Fire Code

Begin analysis after choosing design fire – How much of required fire flow rate can be delivered by system

pumping– What portion of the design fire will need to be delivered by system

storage

Page 29: Water Distribution Planning

Fire Protection Equations

Capacity Available for Fire Protection Firm Pumping Capacity (gpm) – Maximum Day

Demands (gpm) = Pumping Capacity available for fire protection (gpm)

Required System Storage [Design Fire Flow Rate (gpm) – Available Pumping

Capacity (gpm)] x [Design Fire Duration (hours)] x (60 minutes/hour) = Required System Storage (gal)

Capacity Available for Fire Protection Firm Pumping Capacity (gpm) – Maximum Day

Demands (gpm) = Pumping Capacity available for fire protection (gpm)

Required System Storage [Design Fire Flow Rate (gpm) – Available Pumping

Capacity (gpm)] x [Design Fire Duration (hours)] x (60 minutes/hour) = Required System Storage (gal)

Page 30: Water Distribution Planning

Operational Storage

This component includes storage volume utilized for: Daily turnover of the tank

– Tank turnover is used to keep stored water fresh Current industry practice and the Ohio EPA’s recommendation:

- Turnover 20% to 40% of the tank every day

Maximum hour balancing– Storage required to supply demands over the system’s

pumping capacity

This component includes storage volume utilized for: Daily turnover of the tank

– Tank turnover is used to keep stored water fresh Current industry practice and the Ohio EPA’s recommendation:

- Turnover 20% to 40% of the tank every day

Maximum hour balancing– Storage required to supply demands over the system’s

pumping capacity

Page 31: Water Distribution Planning

Operational Equations

TurnoverStorage Volume (gal) x Turnover Target

Percentage (%) = Required System Storage (gal)

BalancingMaximum Hour Demand (gpm) – System Pumping

Capacity (gpm)] x 8 hours x 60 (minutes/hour) = Required System Storage (gal)

TurnoverStorage Volume (gal) x Turnover Target

Percentage (%) = Required System Storage (gal)

BalancingMaximum Hour Demand (gpm) – System Pumping

Capacity (gpm)] x 8 hours x 60 (minutes/hour) = Required System Storage (gal)

Page 32: Water Distribution Planning

Total Required Storage Volume Per District

After calculating the three component volumes (emergency outage, fire protection and operational storage) determine the total required volume by: Adding all three components Adding operational component to the larger of the two volumes

for outage and fire protection Sizing the required tankage on the largest of the three

components

Final parameter: Determine if the district has enough average daily demand to

turn over the required storage

After calculating the three component volumes (emergency outage, fire protection and operational storage) determine the total required volume by: Adding all three components Adding operational component to the larger of the two volumes

for outage and fire protection Sizing the required tankage on the largest of the three

components

Final parameter: Determine if the district has enough average daily demand to

turn over the required storage

Page 33: Water Distribution Planning

Maximum Sustainable Storage

• (5)x(average daily demand) = Maximum Sustainable Storage for 20% turnover.

• (4)x(average daily demand) = Maximum Sustainable Storage for 25% turnover.

• (5)x(average daily demand) = Maximum Sustainable Storage for 20% turnover.

• (4)x(average daily demand) = Maximum Sustainable Storage for 25% turnover.

Page 34: Water Distribution Planning

Final Steps

Determine remedies for deficiencies discovered during the process. Problems can be solved by a combination of:

– Increased pumping capacity May solve fire flow problem economically Power or mechanical failures could occur

Increased storage volume– Increases emergency outage capacity without fear of

mechanical or power-related failures– Expensive, might have siting issues

Reduced demands– Usually not possible unless customers can be shifted to

another neighboring pressure district

Determine remedies for deficiencies discovered during the process. Problems can be solved by a combination of:

– Increased pumping capacity May solve fire flow problem economically Power or mechanical failures could occur

Increased storage volume– Increases emergency outage capacity without fear of

mechanical or power-related failures– Expensive, might have siting issues

Reduced demands– Usually not possible unless customers can be shifted to

another neighboring pressure district

Page 35: Water Distribution Planning

Common Situations

Too much storage

Too little storage

Storage in the wrong place

Too much storage

Too little storage

Storage in the wrong place

Page 36: Water Distribution Planning

Asset Management

Manage assets based on weighted parameters:

• Age• Material• Criticality• Capacity• Service History• Pavement Plan

Manage assets based on weighted parameters:

• Age• Material• Criticality• Capacity• Service History• Pavement Plan

Page 37: Water Distribution Planning

Conclusion and Summary

• Planning is key for current and future system infrastructure.• Data is required.• Model will prioritize capital improvements.• Proper sizing of storage is vital for proper operation

and avoiding further issues.• Asset Management is key to maximize infrastructure

life-cycle.

• Planning is key for current and future system infrastructure.• Data is required.• Model will prioritize capital improvements.• Proper sizing of storage is vital for proper operation

and avoiding further issues.• Asset Management is key to maximize infrastructure

life-cycle.

Page 38: Water Distribution Planning

Conclusion and Summary

Any Questions?Any Questions?