Water, Disasters, and Resilient Recovery & Reconstruction James C. Schwab, AICP Manager, APA Hazards...
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Water, Disasters, and Resilient Recovery & Reconstruction James C. Schwab, AICP Manager, APA Hazards Planning Center NOAA Webinar Thursday, June 4, 2015
Water, Disasters, and Resilient Recovery & Reconstruction
James C. Schwab, AICP Manager, APA Hazards Planning Center NOAA
Webinar Thursday, June 4, 2015
Slide 2
Background: APAs National Centers for Planning
http://www.planning.org/nationalcenters/ Green Communities Planning
and Public Health Hazards Planning All are part of APA Research but
involve collaboration with Outreach, Policy, and Education
functions of APA And with each other!
Slide 3
Background: APAs Hazards Planning Research Center Our mission
is to support the development of safe, resilient communities that
can both minimize their losses from disasters and quickly and
efficiently marshal their resources afterwards to recover in ways
that leave them stronger and better prepared than ever before.
Slide 4
Why Include Drought? Significant economic and environmental
impacts Water is a huge planning issue--especially when its lacking
Integrated hazards approach is not complete without it Too long
neglected in overall hazards profile Expertise increasingly
available to do proper risk assessments Increased impacts from
climate change Opportunity to forge new partnerships Planning can
affect outcomes
Slide 5
APA Connections on Drought Drought-Ready Communities set stage
for effective planning involvement on wider scale Evolving
partnership between APA and National Drought Mitigation Center
Engagement with NIDIS: Engaging Preparedness Communities mini-
conference hosted in Chicago, June 2011 Presentation on applying
APAs integrated hazards planning approach to drought provided
template for moving forward APA & NDMC agreed on PAS
Report
Slide 6
Drought: Whats Different? Slow onset By the time you know
drought exists, it may be too late to react When do you declare an
emergency? Lack of clear temporal boundaries (onset and conclusion)
Length of duration (months or years, not days) Defined by
significant departure from norm, not simple aridity
Slide 7
Challenges for Planners in Addressing Drought Lot size:
Influencing water consumption (to match supply) by reducing water
demand for lawn watering Building codes: Requiring installation of
more and better water-conserving devices in new construction
Reducing water consumption through landscaping codes (e.g.,
xeriscaping)
Slide 8
Land-use Planning for Drought Water planners and land-use
planners must work collaboratively to succeed Water conservation is
a critical element of success Research in Portland, OR, and Utah
shows similar conclusions and critical ties to planning: One acre
of single-family development used almost as much water as the same
acre of multifamily Increased lot size results in increased
consumption Build in water efficiency from beginning of planning
process to the end
Slide 9
Types of Plans for Drought Stand-alone drought plans Local
hazard mitigation plans Water management plans Comprehensive plan
elements
Slide 10
Cross-jurisdictional Partnerships Most water management is
already regional Drought is always a regional phenomenon Merging
land-use and water resource planning at regional level is the new
gold standard for addressing drought and climate change effectively
Share information on policies and planning processes Build drought
and climate action planning teams Brief elected officials and
decision makers Make community involvement a cornerstone
Slide 11
Case Studies in PAS Report Civano (Tucson, AZ, master planned
community) Hualapai Tribe (Arizona) Athens-Clarke County (Georgia)
Albuquerque (New Mexico) Tampa Bay Water (Florida) Interstate
Commission on the Potomac River Basin State of Colorado
Murray-Darling Basin (Australia)
Slide 12
Civano: Tucson, AZ, development 818-acre sustainable master
planned community of 4 mixed- housing residential neighborhoods,
community facilities, retail and employment uses, and dedicated
open spaces Integrates passive and active solar principles,
sustainable building materials, and water conservation technologies
Project sought to reduce potable water consumption by 65% City set
performance targets, e.g., water budget per household of 28 gallons
of water per person per day for exterior uses Simmons B. Buntin
House includes water-conservation design features such as
xeriscaping and a water-harvesting system.
Slide 13
Athens-Clarke County 2002 drought a major factor in triggering
restrictions and public reactions based on lack of input Need for
long-term drought & water plan became clear New Water
Conservation Committee unveils 3 conservation ordinances from 2004
to 2008each increasingly strict but building momentum toward
conservation rate structure Bottom line: Shift from reactive
measures to long-term strategy
Slide 14
Tampa Bay Water 1972 Florida Water Resources Act created 5
water management districts including SW Florida WMD 1974 law
enabled regional water planning, resulting in what became Tampa Bay
Water in 1998 New Water Source Initiative in 1993 resulted in:
Enhanced surface water supplies New large treatment plant 15.5
billion gallon storage reservoir Nations 3 rd largest desalination
plant (2007)
Slide 15
Tampa Bay Water 2001 drought leads to Water Supply Management
Plan Lessons learned: Diversifying water supply Reducing
groundwater withdrawals Coordination among regional agencies
Alsolesson in long-term evolution of approach
Slide 16
Interstate Commission on Potomac River Basin ICPRB created by
Congress in 1940 to address pollution; quantity issues added in
1970 Droughts, population growth, more intakes began to tax system
by 1960s Low Flow Allocation Agreement agreed in 1978 8 more
agreements in 1982 including joint storage 1999 drought produced
different responses, highlighting coordination problems; led to
common triggers among jurisdictions ICPRBs annual drought
preparedness exercise Bottom line: Evolution of coordinated
responses in large metro area
Slide 17
Conclusions Identified best practices overall in report:
Establish diverse committee or task force Community education on
drought Establish regulations for water conservation Establish
incentives for water conservation Develop a plan Conduct drought
exercises and training Apply integrated approach to water
management Share data and tools with stakeholders Diversity the
water supply Continuous data collection, forecasting &
monitoring
Slide 18
Looking Ahead Climate change will have real impacts on water
supplies and weather patterns over time Not preparing will create a
serious disadvantage Both increased drought and severe flooding are
part of the paradox of increased extreme events
Slide 19
Slide 20
Quintessential Schwab Quote: The aftermath of one disaster is
the prelude to the next disaster.
Slide 21
Post-Disaster Recovery: Next Generation Existing document 15
years old Need for new guidance became manifest after Hurricane
Katrina Update teaching/training resources Stakes are higher and
climbing Growing need to involve planners in the conversation about
recovery
Slide 22
Rationale for new Green Book 1)Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000
2)ESF-14 (subsequently NDRF) 3)FEMA within Homeland Security
4)Lessons of Hurricane Katrina 5)Map Modernization and RiskMap
6)Florida Requirements (no longer required) 7)Climate change
8)Emergence of Web-based technology 9)National Disaster Recovery
Framework
Slide 23
New Project, New Features Recovery News multimedia blog
(http://blogs.planning.org/postdisaster/)http://blogs.planning.org/postdisaster/
Online case studies Updated model recovery ordinance More extensive
outreach efforts PAS Report released in January Derivative products
(briefing papers, resource database, webinar)
Slide 24
Slide 25
The October Surprise (2012) APA involvement in post-Sandy
recovery: https://www.planning.org/sandy/ Recovery training
workshops held in NY/NJ first week in April 2013
Slide 26
What We Learned from Sandy Growing value of resilience in
community building Rebuild by Design competition HUD policy
initiatives regarding CDBG-DR National resilience competition Value
of incorporating climate change data into current and future
planning Increasing emphasis in Hurricane Sandy Rebuilding Task
Force report on green infrastructure
Slide 27
Click here for APA video
Slide 28
Cornerstones to Resilience A flood-affected area of Cedar
Rapids, Iowa, on June 13, 2008. U.S. Air Force photo by Staff Sgt.
Oscar M. Sanchez- Alvarez. Vision Community engagement
Relationships Systems management Blog post on Recovery News by Jim
Prosser, July 28, 2011
Slide 29
Key Takeaways from Next Generation Report Relationship of
resilient governance and social capital to effective post- disaster
recovery Distinctions between pre- and post- disaster recovery
planning and the value of preparation through advance planning Why
the scale and spectrum of damages matter in anticipating recovery
needs The overarching importance of community vision Planners role
in shaping local plans for post-disaster recovery
Slide 30
APAs Water Task Force Report Core themes: Water is a central
and essential organizing element in a healthy urban environment.
Planning practice needs to employ an integrated, systems-oriented,
comprehensive approach to water management. New mechanisms for
interdisciplinary interaction by involved professionals (in urban
planning and design, environmental engineering, architecture,
landscape architecture, hydrology, economics, law/regulation, etc.)
are critical to effective water management. Planners need new and
improved professional practices to manage water more sustainably
and provide greater social equity for access to the resource.
Innovative land-use planning and urban design are needed to improve
and protect water environments. Adaptive land-use planning,
environmental planning and infrastructure planning can help to
increase resilience to extreme events and climate change by
reducing risk and helping to manage uncertainty.
Slide 31
APAs Water Task Force Report Status: Approved by APA board in
April Where to find it:
https://www.planning.org/leadership/agendas/2015/spr/pdf/
WaterTaskForceFinal.pdf
https://www.planning.org/leadership/agendas/2015/spr/pdf/
WaterTaskForceFinal.pdf Next steps: APA outreach to potential
partners Staff review of implementation opportunities
Slide 32
Contact Information Hazards Planning Center web section:
www.planning.org/nationalcenters/hazards [email protected] Jim
Schwab phone: 312-786-6364 APA, 205 N. Michigan Ave. #1200, Chicago
IL 60601