Sustainable Disaster Recovery Conference “Your Next Disaster: Getting Ready for Recovery”...
If you can't read please download the document
Sustainable Disaster Recovery Conference “Your Next Disaster: Getting Ready for Recovery” November 14, 2013, St. Louis James C. Schwab, AICP Manager, APA
Sustainable Disaster Recovery Conference Your Next Disaster:
Getting Ready for Recovery November 14, 2013, St. Louis James C.
Schwab, AICP Manager, APA Hazards Planning Research Center American
Planning Association
Slide 2
Slide 3
PAS Report 577
Slide 4
Why rewrite the Green Book? 1)Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000
2)ESF-14 3)FEMA within Homeland Security 4)Lessons of Hurricane
Katrina 5)Map Modernization and RiskMap 6)Florida Requirements (no
longer required) 7)Climate change 8)Emergence of Web-based
technology 9)National Disaster Recovery Framework
Slide 5
Why did FEMA fund this project? Rationale online:
http://www.planning.org/research/postdisaster/rationa le.htm
http://www.planning.org/research/postdisaster/rationa le.htm
Resistance, resilience, reflection: What kinds of communities do we
want? Who provides a comprehensive view of community issues in
disasters? What distinguishes planners contributions? What does it
take to turn a vision of resilience into a reality? What do
planners know about hazards? What do they need to know?
Slide 6
Revisiting the Green Book The Old, the New, the Work in
Progress Not just a PAS Report anymore: Online case studies Online
tools and resources (e.g., model ordinance) Recovery News blog
Potential derivative products under consideration
Slide 7
Where Do We Draw the Line? Who Moves? Who Stays? Is Resilience
Personal or Public? Who Takes Responsibility?
Slide 8
Slide 9
APA Response to Sandy On October 29, 2012, Hurricane Sandy came
ashore, causing an estimated $36 billion in damages in New Jersey
and another $32 billion in New York.
Slide 10
APA Recovery Workshop Planning in a Post-Sandy World Protecting
people, strengthening communities As the lights have come back on
in New York and New Jersey, the region has looked to the future.
How can planning create a more resilient region? Who will make the
tough decisions? And how will they change the way people live,
work, and play along the coastal shores? For an entire week in
April, the American Planning Association examined the critical
questions in a series of free workshops focused on long-term
solutions for stronger communities. Participants learned about:
Connecting disaster recovery to long-range community planning Using
an Interim Recovery Ordinance to resolve land-use issues Finding
funding and meeting state and local requirements Adopting
mitigation planning for more resilient communities Click on the
workshop links below to find the agenda, PowerPoint presentations,
small group breakout session notes, and other information from each
of the five workshops APA presented. This series of free workshops
was supported in part by The Planning Foundation's "Disaster
Recovery and Planning" fund. Donate to the Foundation
Slide 11
Breakouts: Hands-on Engagement
Slide 12
1: The Vision of a Resilient Community Resilience as a concept
for governance Resilience in functional and economic terms Ability
to adapt to social, economic, political, and physical change
Resiliency in the context of natural hazards: How does this fit
with what planners do already?
Slide 13
Planning helps avoid disasters Disasters are one type of crisis
Recovery policy has parallels to development policy
Slide 14
Disasters are one type of crisis Natural disasters are similar
to other unexpected events that occasionally affect nearly all
communities. From a management perspective, the approaches are
similar, organizing resources to tackle new challenges. This is the
domain of managers, broader than any one department of local
government, typically with input from the planning department, the
finance department and others.
Slide 15
Recovery policy has parallels to development policy The
dynamics of a community are affected by change. The rapidity of
change is greatest in disaster circumstances, measured in minutes
or hours. Blight, employment decline, business stagnation,
commercial revitalization, housing construction and green
initiatives are slow processes over many years. The ingredients are
the same, however. In some instances the disruption and destruction
of a disaster unveils opportunities for reversing decline, taking
advantage of a catalyst
Slide 16
CONFIDENTIAL 16 Question 3: How Should the City Address Climate
Risks? And Southern Brooklyn Plan Highlights Develop designs for
Coney Island Creek wetlands and tidal barrier with opportunities
for economic development Support entertainment district expansion,
including new roller coaster and Aquarium improvements Work with
USACE on nourishment of Coney, Brighton and Plumb Beaches Replace
destroyed Ida G. Israel hospital facility Launch 21 st C. bungalow
competition for neighborhoods such as Gerritsen Beach Conceptual
rendering of Coney Island Creek wetlands and tidal barrier
Slide 17
Slide 18
Slide 19
Slide 20
Defining Resilience 1.Resilience in emergency management terms
refers to the ability to adapt to changing conditions and withstand
and rapidly recover from disruption due to emergencies. 2.Instead
of repeated damage and continual demands for federal disaster
assistance, resilient communities proactively protect themselves
against hazards, build self- sufficiency and become more
sustainable. Resilience is the capacity to absorb severe shock and
return to a desired state following a disaster. It involves
technical, organizational, social and economic dimensions... It is
fostered not only by government, but also by individual,
organization and business actions. (Godschalk et al., 2009)
Slide 21
What is a Resilient Community? Communities and the people who
live therein can, however, increase their resilience and be even
better able to anticipate threats, limit their impacts, and recover
more rapidly through adaptation and growth in the face of turbulent
change. Building community resilience encompasses the entire
community, including its physical infrastructure, its economic and
social capital, its natural environment, and its systems providing
essential services. Add to these the communitys ability to resist
or recover rapidly from natural or man-caused events. (ICMA 2011,
related to CARRI)
Slide 22
Planners traditionally seek designs that embody resilience. In
the layout of new residential neighborhoods or industrial parks, it
is common to configure streets so there is more than one way to
enter or exit the development. Such design is governed by
regulation, typically by standards in the subdivision ordinance. In
this instance, the design is resilient because it can maintain
access even if one street is temporarily blocked by an accident,
utility work or other construction. Finance managers likewise
diversify the communitys investment assets to lower risk.
Slide 23
Project Design Review, Zoning, Subdivision 5-Year
Transportation Improvement Program Annual Budget: Transit/Roads,
Capital Projects Economic Development Planning Business Improvement
Districts, Incubators, TIF Strategy Commercial Revitalization SBDCs
Capital Improvement Plan & Growth Management Financial
Resources Strategy Risk Management & Insurance Reserves for
Resiliency : Economic Development Planning Transportation &
Land Use Planning General Management Structure Intergovernmental
Planning Organizations Metropolitan, Regional, Rural
Intergovernmental Planning Organizations Metropolitan, Regional,
Rural Annual CDBG Action Plan Agency Service Plans, Human Needs
Assessments HOME and ESG Homeless Services CDCs and Micro-
enterprise Loan Programs Section 8 Subsidized Rental Rehab Senior
Housing Public Housing Public Private Partnerships, Affordability
Neighborhood Stabilization Stormwater & Wastewater Management
Planning Drainage Projects Watershed Protection Plans for Wetlands
Lake Improvement Floodplain Management Permits 5-Year Update to HM
Plan Buyouts of At-Risk Properties Structural Resilience Grants
Waterfront Plan Elected Governing Body Professional Management
Planning & Development Department(s) Advisory Commissions and
Committees Organizing Influence: Comprehensive Plan Organization of
Municipal Government for Recovery Planning Organizing Influence:
Comprehensive Plan
Slide 24
Organizing the recovery planning process Preparing the
Plan
Slide 25
1: The Vision of a Resilient Community Plans for recovery after
disasters: Why bother? Building a local culture of disaster
awareness Providing a focus for pre-disaster exercises among
designated public officials Opportunity to establish clear lines of
responsibility should the need arise for long-term community
recovery Opportunity to consider and review financial needs that
would be triggered by recovery Assessment of the communitys overall
preparedness stance
Slide 26
Making Resilience Happen Typology of Disaster Recovery Plans
Pre-Disaster: Operational Focused on short-term recovery, driven by
emergency management concerns Pre-Disaster: Policy Identify
managerial framework for long-term community recovery Identify
priority issues governing recovery Post-Disaster (Design-oriented)
Based on assessment of known damages Focused on physical rebuilding
and community redevelopment
Slide 27
Slide 28
2: Disaster Preparedness and Recovery: Expectation and Reality
Components of disaster management Primer on disaster preparedness
Major federal legislation defining disaster policy Why preparation
and planning matter The new dynamics of organizational
relationships Where anticipation and reality part company
Understanding the scale and spectrum of damages Institutional
learning after disaster Special feature: Model recovery
ordinance
Slide 29
Disaster Preparedness and Recovery: Expectation and Reality
Components of disaster management
Slide 30
Disaster Preparedness and Recovery: Expectation and Reality
Primer on disaster preparedness
Slide 31
Explaining the NDRF (sort of)
Slide 32
Disaster Preparedness and Recovery: Expectation and Reality
Sidebar: Major Federal Legislation Defining Disaster Policy Key
Federal Disaster Management Laws Key Federal Secondary Disaster
Management Laws Key Federal Disaster Management Systems Federal
Response Plan, 1992 44 CFR Part 201 Mitigation Planning National
Incident Management System, 2004 National Response Plan, 2004
National Response Framework, 2007 Presidential Preparedness Policy
Directive 8 NDRF, 2011
Slide 33
Disaster Preparedness and Recovery: Expectation and Reality Why
preparation and planning matter The new dynamics of organizational
relationships Where anticipation and reality part company
Institutional learning after disaster
Slide 34
Disaster Impact/Recovery Typology Source: Ken Topping
Geographic Scale Low Impact Event (Low to moderate life loss,
population-economic dislocation, damage primarily requires repair
or restoration of homes and facilities) High Impact Event
(Extensive life loss, population-economic dislocation, major
destruction - requires full re-planning and major reconstruction )
Sites/Neighborhood Level 1. Localized Restoration Level 2.
Localized Reconstruction Substantial Parts of Community Level 3.
Community Restoration Examples: recurring flooding, hurricane
damage Level 4. Community Reconstruction Examples: Greensburg KS,
Oakland Hills Fire Substantial Parts of Region Level 5. Regional
Restoration Example: Northridge EQ Level 6. Regional Reconstruction
(Catastrophic) Examples: Hurricane Katrina; Gulf Oil Spill; Tohoku
EQ and Tsunami
Slide 35
MODEL PRE EVENT RECOVERY ORDINANCE One action a community can
take to move toward better management of disaster mitigation,
preparedness, response, and recovery is the adoption of an
ordinance before or after a damaging event to serve as either a
forerunner or supplement to a full blown recovery plan. The Model
Recovery Ordinance below outlines a foundation on which a community
can organize in advance of a declared disaster to efficiently
manage short and long term recovery. Draft posted at:
https://www.planning.org/research/postdisaster/pdf/modelrecoveryordinance.
pdf
Slide 36
3: Long-term Recovery Planning: Goals and Policies Whole
community recovery (Quality of life in addition to physical
rebuilding) Opportunities for post-disaster hazard mitigation Land
use Infrastructure/transportation restoration Housing Economic
redevelopment Environmental restoration Health and recovery Making
it all work together
Slide 37
4: Long-term Recovery Planning: Process Where and when to start
Before disaster strikes: Characterize the planning environment
After disaster strikes: Characterize the planning environment
Leadership and collaboration Broadening public involvement
Psychological and emotional considerations
Slide 38
5: Long-term Recovery Planning: Implementation Before disaster
strikes: What aspects of a PDRP may need implementation even before
disaster strikes? After disaster strikes: What obstacles are likely
to arise in a post-disaster scenario? Post-disaster organization
and roles Financing implementation Establishing milestones and a
timetable for implementation Implementation as a community
enterprise Managing post-disaster uncertainties Legal issues
Metrics of recovery: measuring success
Slide 39
6: Next Steps in Creating Resilient Communities Resilience and
the future of planning Fostering public understanding of
environmental change Green communities and economic development
Seizing opportunities and anticipating the unexpected
Slide 40
Contact Information Jim Schwab, AICP, Manager APA Hazards
Planning Research Center
http://www.planning.org/nationalcenters/hazards/index.htm
[email protected] The work of the Hazards Planning Research
Center advances communities that reduce the impact of natural
hazards on the built environment.