Wastewater Management Plan Guide

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PLANNING RESOURCE GUIDE

Guide to Developinga WastewaterManagement Plan


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The Provincial Planning Regulation promotes sound land use planning and expresses the provincialinterest in the sustainable development o land, resources and inrastructure. However, severalnew ideas promoted and a number o new provisions included are signicantly dierent rom the

previous regulation.

To support the understanding o these new ideas and provisions, and their application at the locallevel, the Province o Manitoba is developing a variety o resources and tools that will provideadditional inormation and direction, including a series o planning resource guides that will

urther elaborate on some o the ideas promoted in the new regulation and provide additionaldirection to support their local application.

Because o their technical nature, the resource guides are intended mainly or a planningaudience, such as planning sta rom municipalities and planning districts, consultants andprovincial sta involved with land use planning.

The guides are intended to support planning, rather than dictate how it be done. While a guide

may discuss or promote a certain approach, the province does not require a particular approachto be used. The guides are intended as supplementary resources to urther elaborate and explainselect ideas or provisions in the Provincial Planning Regulation and their use is optional.

For more inormation on planning resource guides and other resources available to support localplanning, go to the Provincial Planning Regulation Web site at: www.manitoba.ca/ia/plups


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1.0 INTRODUCTION TO WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT PLANS IN MANITOBA .............................. 01

1.1 What is a Wastewater Management Plan? .................................................................. 01

1.2 Which municipalities are required to prepare a WWMP and what should the plan contain? 01

1.3 Who should be involved in preparing a WWMP? .......................................................... 02

2.0 USING THE GUIDE ................................................................................................. 03

3.0 ELEMENTS OF A WWMP ........................................................................................... 03

3.1 Context: Current situation ...................................................................................... 04

3.1.1 Describe the sources o wastewater in the planning area and how much wastewateris being produced annually: .................................................................................... 04

3.1.2 Describe the type(s) o wastewater management systems currently used tomanage/treat wastewater in the planning area: ......................................................... 05

3.1.3 Outline the costs associated with the current system(s) and the mix o nancing

mechanisms: ........................................................................................................05

3.1.4 Describe how well current systems address current needs:............................................ 06

3.2 Projected needs and considerations.......................................................................... 07

3.2.1 Describe the anticipated growth rate and pattern o land use in the planning area: ......... 07

3.2.2 Based on the current amount o wastewater produced in the planning area(as determined in Section 1a), and the anticipated growth rate and pattern

o land use (as determined in Section 2a), describe how much wastewateris anticipated and how it will aect the current system used: ...................................... 07

3.3 Mapping .............................................................................................................. 08

3.4 Wastewater management requirements and costs ........................................................ 08

3.4.1 Describe the wastewater management option(s) available and the approach

that is best suited to address the current and uture needs o the planning area: ............ 08

3.4.2 Based on the approach selected, describe the improvements necessary andthe associated costs: ............................................................................................. 09

3.5 Implementation and nancing ................................................................................ 09

3.5.1 Describe how wastewater management will be introduced: ........................................... 09

CONTENTS


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3.5.2 Describe the short and long term projected costs o the selected approach,

including maintenance, repair and renewal, and how these costs will be recovered: ......... 10

3.5.3 Identiy policy guidance to include in the development plan, as related to theapproach to be implemented. The ollowing are examples o possible guiding policies

that could be included in a development plan, as appropriate: ..................................... 10

3.6 Conclusion ........................................................................................................... 11

Appendix A: Regulatory Process or Wastewater Management Plans ........................................ 12

Appendix B: Sample Table o Contents ............................................................................... 13

Appendix C: Glossary ...................................................................................................... 14

Appendix D: Hypothetical example o how to estimate residential types and land requirements .. 15

Appendix E: Considerations or Wastewater Management Options ...........................................16

Appendix F: Guidance or Small Rural Municipalities ............................................................ 17

Appendix G: Locating Private Wastewater Treatment Facilities ............................................... 18

Appendix H: Legislative Framework and Additional Resources ................................................ 18


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More than anEngineering Report

The WWMP is dierent rom

an engineering report. The

engineering report may

describe in detail the state

o existing inrastructure,

capacity and potential

engineering solutions to

specifc problems. The WWMP

projects inrastructure needsand capacity into the uture,

reviews potential servicing

options and presents plans or

the next fve to 25 years.

The WWMP is a municipality

or planning districts plan,

not a consultants report, so

it must do more than identiy

options or the planning

authority to consider. The

fnal WWMP submitted to thetechnical advisory committee

(TAC) must speciy how the

planning authority will carry

out and fnance the updated

or amended development

plan.

1.0 INTRODUCTION TO WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT PLANS IN MANITOBA

1.1 What is a Wastewater Management Plan?

A Wastewater Management Plan (WWMP) outlines wastewater management (treatment and

associated inrastructure and services) within a planningarea (a municipality or planning district)

identies plans or the uture development,

expansion or upgrade o wastewater systems toaccommodate changing needs

provides an estimate o the associated costs and nancingmechanisms o the existing and planned systems

integrates elements o the development plan,municipal nancial plan and capital plan to ensure thatnew development can be accommodated without nancialburden on the existing community (ideally, that new

development pays or itsel)

is an asset that can support and inorm decisionsabout land use, inrastructure unding and any necessary

permits and licensing.

1.2 Which municipalities are required toprepare a WWMP and what should the plan

contain?With the introduction o the Save Lake Winnipeg Act, allplanning authorities (municipalities or planning districts) in thecapital region are now required to prepare a WWMP as part o adevelopment plan review or major amendment. The minister o

Local Government may also require other planning authoritiesto prepare a WWMP. These may include areas o high growth, orareas where onsite systems are ailing or are at risk o ailing.

The WWMP must demonstrate to the minister o Local Government

that there is sucient capacity to accommodate any projected development set out in the

development plan. I increased capacity will be required, the WWMP must estimate and plan or theinrastructure investments necessary to accommodate the projected development. The plan ensuresthat proposed inrastructure investments will be environmentally and economically sustainable, with

implementation timelines that match population projections.

The WWMP must also demonstrate that the responsible local authority will address any existing oranticipated environmental or public health issues, such as a boil water advisory.


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Finally, the WWMP must indicate how new development will strive to pay or itsel. The WWMPmakes the link between planned development and the nancing o related services. This is

achieved by integrating the capital plan into the planning process, ensuring an adequate budgetor new, expanded or improved services, and ensuring proper allocation o ees to users o newinrastructure.

Details o the contents o a WWMP are provided in Part III o this guide. All WWMPs are reviewedby a technical advisory committee (TAC). See Appendix A or inormation on the regulatory

process and what the TAC will look or when reviewing WWMPs.

1.3 Who should be involved in preparing a WWMP?

Wastewater management is a key municipal service that can infuence land development patterns.Because o the signicant land use implications o wastewater management, the planningauthority (the municipality or planning district) should lead the wastewater management

planning process.

Depending on the complexity o local wastewater issues and the amount o data already collectedthrough various studies, the WWMP may need to be carried out by a proessional engineer.At a minimum, consultation with engineers, as well as planners and other proessionals, isrecommended in all cases.

Begin by setting up a small committee to ensure various

components o a WWMP are examined rom a broad perspective.Involving the ollowing individuals, as committee membersor or consultation as needed, will ensure a smooth planningprocess and result in a thorough WWMP:

chie administrative ocer/oce manager (to help

acilitate the overall process and provide inormation oncapital costs)

nance department

council members

proessional planners

development ocer

operations engineer or technologist

consulting engineer (i no ull-time engineering sta)

owners o larger private wastewater systems (lagoons orpiped systems)

regional oce o Manitoba Local GovernmentsCommunity and Regional Planning Branch

local environmental health inspector

Manitoba Conservation and Water Stewardship

Wastewater Systemsand DevelopmentPatterns

In many cases, higherdensities o development

can be accommodated in

areas where centralized

wastewater treatment

systems provide a level

o treatment that meets

provincial standards. Package

plants and alternative

treatment systems may or

may not support relatively

compact development.

Individual, on-site septic

systems generally require

more land area per system,

necessitating low densities

and resulting in sprawling

development.


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Green WastewaterManagement

Consider exploring greener

alternatives to expansion

or chemical treatment, such

as water conservation and

demand-side management,

naturalized wetlands, or

even compact development

that reduces inrastructure

requirements.

2.0 USING THE GUIDE

This guide helps planning authorities collect appropriateinormation and use it to:

produce an inventory o the wastewater managementsystems in the planning area or region

determine the current and uture wastewatermanagement needs o the planning area

identiy options or addressing those needs and

select an approach

outline how the selected approach will be implementedand nanced, including phasing and timelines

A planning areas wastewater management system depends

on a combination o actors, including the ollowing: size o the planning area

rate o development or population change

land use types

service standards

scal capacity

environmental eatures and infuences

relationships with neighbouring jurisdictions

water use

Dierent planning areas have varied wastewater management

needs that require individual approaches. This guide is or useby planning authorities o all sizes, with wastewater systems ovarying complexity. Planners are encouraged to use it only as abasis or putting together a plan that meets their own unique

needs.

3.0 ELEMENTS OF A WWMP

This section o the guide walks through the process o preparinga WWMP, indicating what inormation to obtain and include. Thenal document should contain an executive summary outliningWWMP highlights, ndings and course o action. Each sectionshould conclude with observations that summarize the key

points o that section. Maps and tables are useul to illustratemuch o the inormation contained in a WWMP and should be

CommunityPlanning AssistanceGrant Program

Community Planning

Assistance Grants are

available to und the

services o a qualifed

consultant to prepare

studies required to address

important planning and

land use issues in the

planning area, including

WWMPs that have been

ordered by the minister.

Funding o up to 60 per

cent o the costs to a

maximum o $40,000 per

plan or a planning district

and up to 50 per cent to a

maximum o $20,000 or

a municipality that is not

part o a planning district is

available. Visit our website

or more inormation:

www.gov.mb.ca/ia


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included where applicable. Appendix B provides a sample Tableo Contents showing all the sections o a complete WWMP. Since

wastewater management is a specialized area, it may be helpulto include a glossary. Appendix C is a glossary o wastewaterterms that may be used as needed.

3.1 Context: Current situation

This section o the WWMP summarizes how the municipalityor planning district currently manages wastewater. Use the

statements below to assess the current situation and determinewhat inormation will complete the assessment:

3.1.1 Describe the sources o wastewater inthe planning area and how much wastewater is

being produced annually: On a map, locate the settlement areas and residences in

rural areas. Also, locate commercial, institutional andindustrial developments, particularly those with highwastewater production rates or those requiring special

wastewater treatment.

Describe the annual wastewater volume produced by thesources listed above. Use existing wastewater systemannual volume data, i available, and projected growth

rates to calculate uture needs. I existing volume datais not available, annual volume can be estimated with

inormation such as:

- current population and past growth rates

- number o residential units and average number opeople per household

- estimated average volumes o wastewater producedper person or per residence

- estimated organic loading per person or perresidence

- estimated amount o truck hauled wastewater beingproduced rom onsite systems, including septic tanks

and holding tanks

For private treatment acilities, contact the business orinstitution that owns the acility or volumes.

Describe any water demand management programscurrently in place that may reduce the volume produced.

Examples include low fow toilets, composting toilets,low fow shower heads, sewer use or drainage bylaws.

Wastewater VolumeConsiderations

Annual wastewater volumes

can be either measured or

estimated.

Some systems have fow

measuring devices that record

total fows or allow them

to be calculated. Volumes

can also be calculated rom

pump operation records

the running time o a pump

multiplied by its capacity.

Frequent measurements allow

accurate calculations. They

can also capture daily, weekly

and monthly variations that

may be signicant or planning

purposes.

Estimates may be made in

various ways. Using average

per capita daily volume gures

is one. Ideally, volumes will

be calculated and compared

using both measurements

and estimates. This provides

insight into unusual patterns

o wastewater generation or

a planning area. This could

indicate problems with large

generators or with a collection

system.

I volumes are seriously

overestimated, new collection

and treatment acilities may be

oversized at considerable cost.

Underestimated volumes may

lead to undersized acilities

unable to handle expected

uture capacities.

Please note that agricultural

manure storage/land application

should not be included as a

source o wastewater.


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3.1.2 Describe the type(s) o wastewater management systems currentlyused to manage/treat wastewater in the planning area:

Describe the wastewater management systems used, including any wastewater treatment

plants and lagoons (public and private) and associated collection lines, lit stations,

discharge routes and receiving waters, as well as constructed wetlands and on-sitesystems (holding tanks, septic tanks and elds, ejectors). On a map, indicate the general

location or service area o the existing system(s) in the planning area and any associatedcomponents.

Provide the annual volume treated, treatment type and remaining capacity available oreach wastewater management system.

Identiy how and where septage rom onsite systems istreated and any impact it has on the system that treatsit.

Identiy areas that have wastewater servicing

limitations or problem areas (Nutrient Management Zone4, high water table, poor soil quality, topographicalissues, etc.).

Identiy any sources o wastewater rom outside the

planning area boundary that is managed at a acilitywithin the planning area and describe any servicearrangements that have been established (ex: capacity

allotted to external sources, amount that externalsources contribute to the system, amount charged tomanage, etc.).

I any wastewater produced in the planning area ismanaged at a acility outside the boundary o theplanning area, identiy the acility and any servicearrangements with the operator.

Identiy any service agreements or wastewater management within the planning area

(ex: industrial service agreements).

Provide a history o how the current wastewater management system came to be,explaining why the existing systems were adopted.

3.1.3 Outline the costs associated with thecurrent system(s) and the mix o fnancingmechanisms:

Costs

- original construction costs

- annual operating and maintenance costs,

including depreciation

- past repairs and upgrades

Nutrient ManagementZones are based onagriculture capability.See www.gov.mb.ca/conservation/

waterstewardship/wqmz/index.

html or more details

Some agriculture capability

maps are available at

http://geoapp2.gov.mb.ca/

website/mari/index3.html

Where agriculture capability

maps are not available, please

contact Manitoba Conservationand Water Stewardship at

www.gov.mb.ca/conservation.

InraGuideSee the Federation o Canadian

Municipalities website or

InraGuide materials on

asset management planning,

dedicated unding models and

more:

http://mv.cm.ca/Inraguide/


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Financing Mechanisms

- borrowing

- grants rom senior levels o government

- reserve unds, capital levies

- property taxes

- user ees and utility rates

Do current nancing mechanisms cover the costs associated with current systems (ex:borrowing costs, operations and maintenance, depreciation)? Describe any shortalls withthe current nancing mechanisms.

3.1.4 Describe how well current systems address current needs:

Compare the current unctioning o the system to its design capacity (or treatment andstorage). How well does the current system meet the demand?

Describe how the current system meets regulatory standards (Environment Actlicenceconditions) or efuent quality. Include efuent concentrations o phosphorous andnitrogen i applicable and available.

Identiy any organic or hydraulic overloading problems. List any emergency discharges

that have occurred in the last ten years.

Describe how the current system can accommodate excess rainall or other externalinfuences.

Describe the condition o the current system, including any limitations:

- age and condition o existing lagoons and treatment plants (continuous discharge or

storage)

- damage or outstanding repairs

- leakage or seepage, extraneous fows into the collection system

- operational issues o concern

- obsolete technology or inadequate chemical acilities

- combined sewer and storm lines

- condition o truck dump

- condition o onsite systems

- number o discharges annually

Describe any real or potential public health or environmental concerns related to currentsystems.


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3.2 Projected needs and considerations

This section o the WWMP provides estimates o the planning areas wastewater needs over the

next 25 years, identiying short and long term needs.

3.2.1 Describe the anticipated growth rate and pattern o land use inthe planning area:

Estimate populations and provide demographic projections or the planning area overthe next 25 years (using background studies on supply and demand, Statistics Canada

Community Proles, etc.). See Appendix D or a sample.

Based on these estimates and trends, describe the anticipated rate o residentialdevelopment that will take place over the short (next ve to 10 years), medium (11 to 20years) and long (20 plus years) terms.

Identiy any anticipated commercial, industrial and institutional developments expected

to have signicant wastewater management needs in the next 25 years.

Identiy areas that are currently using onsite services, but expected to connect to awastewater treatment acility within 25 years, and what the timing is expected to be.

3.2.2 Based on the current amount o wastewater produced in theplanning area (as determined in Section 3.1.1), and the anticipatedgrowth rate and pattern o land use (as determined in Section 3.2.1),describe how much wastewater is anticipated and how it will aect thecurrent system used:

Estimate the volume o wastewater to be produced by anticipated development asdesignated in the development plan.

Estimate uture treatment and storage capacity needed to accommodate wastewaterproduced by all potential development, divided between serviced areas and areas withonsite systems (identiy and include the capacity needed to handle wastewater and

septage rom existing and anticipated development with onsite systems).

Describe the ability o the current system to accommodate new or expanded residential,institutional, commercial, industrial or other developments over the short, medium andlong terms.

Identiy the impact o any anticipated changes in the density o development on the

current system.


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3.3 Mapping

Mapping is an important tool or preparing a WWMP. A wastewater management map identieswhere current wastewater servicing exists and where it is planned. A map is also critical or

determining where wastewater servicing should be avoided (or topographical, environmental or

nancial reasons).

A wastewater map is useul or supporting policies in the development plan. For example, i adevelopment plan requires new developments to connect to services where they are available,the map shows the services. The map can help identiy where new development will connect and

illustrate the cost implications o accommodating development in areas with specic services.

A map can also illustrate timelines or phasing o services. For instance, dwellings are requiredto hook up to new servicing no longer than ve years ater installation, as per 8.1(1) o theOnsite Wastewater Management Systems Regulation. This can be shown in ve-year horizons.

A map can also show areas where disposal elds or ejectors are not allowed due to soil

limitations, environmental or public health issues, new regulations or other reasons.

Layering wastewater system maps over land-use designation maps will help integrate land use

with wastewater management planning.

Contact the Community and Regional Planning Branch o Manitoba Local Government, theManitoba Water Services Board and Conservation and Water Stewardship or more inormation andassistance with wastewater mapping.

3.4 Wastewater management requirements and costs

This section o the WWMP identies the wastewater treatment options, system requirements

and costs associated with managing the planning areas wastewater over the long term. It isimportant to consider a variety o options beore selecting an approach.

3.4.1 Describe the wastewater management option(s) available and theapproach that is best suited to address the current and uture needs othe planning area:

Explore the dierent types o systems available to manage wastewater, such aswastewater treatment plants, sewage lagoons, engineered wetlands and on-site systems.Researching best practices and consulting with qualied proessionals is recommended.

Compare the easibility o dierent options based on the geography, size, rate o growth

and development, and nancial capacity o the planning area.

Other considerations to help decide on an approach include:

- regional systems

- service sharing and other agreements

- co-ordination o municipal or district-wide inspection schedules and pump-out o

onsite systems


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- current water rates and possible rate adjustments

- existing land use patterns, development direction and densities, and possible changesto these to accommodate dierent wastewater management systems

Describe the selected approach and any limitations it may have.

Describe how the community was consulted on the selected approach and alternatives.

See Appendix E or more details.

3.4.2 Based on the approach selected, describe the improvementsnecessary and the associated costs:

repairs to x leaks and other damage

upgraded technology or acilities to meet standards or treatment and storage

operational enhancements

elimination o combined sewers, where applicable

demand management strategies to reduce wastewater production and need or expansion

decommissioning ailing onsite systems and associated remediation

3.5 Implementation and fnancing

This section o the WWMP should identiy where and when wastewater management systems areexpected in the planning area and how they will be nanced. Inormation in this section willsupport uture land development as designated in the development plan.

New development that requires wastewater treatment services should ensure that the capital costsassociated with the development and related servicing requirements are built in to a system o lot

levies and charges established by the municipality. By incorporating local capital plans into theWWMP process, the planning authority will anticipate and budget or service extensions, ensuringthat users o new, extended services pay their air share o these costs.

3.5.1 Describe how wastewater management will be introduced:

I a wastewater treatment acility will be built in the uture, indicate on a map where theacility and associated components such as lit stations or line upgrades, i required, will

be located and explain the reasons or the site choice.

Describe where uture expansion o acilities will occur and outline any phasing.

Given existing regulatory processes (see Appendix A), estimate the length o timerequired to implement the plan.

Describe anticipated stages o construction and estimate timing. Identiy actors that mayinfuence timing.

Summarize this inormation in a table.


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3.5.2 Describe the short and long term projected costs o the selectedapproach, including maintenance, repair and renewal, and how thesecosts will be recovered:

Estimate the capital and operating nancing needed to construct, operate and maintainsystems, rom a lie-cycle costing perspective.

Estimate the costs o any planned upgrades or phasing.

Identiy methods o nancing (ex: property tax increase, capital borrowing, capital lotlevies, special levies, gas tax rebate unds, septic dumping ees, utility rates, buildingpermit costs).

Explain how costs to expand or construct new inrastructure will be recovered by the

developer (ex: lot levies).

Explain the cost-sharing ormulas o any regionalized approach, i applicable.

Consider any recently updated regulatory requirements and their long-term costimplications.

3.5.3 Identiy policy guidance to include in the development plan, asrelated to the approach to be implemented. The ollowing are exampleso possible guiding policies that could be included in a developmentplan, as appropriate:

New development must be connected to wastewater systems either where they exist nowor where they are planned to be implemented.

Unless physically impractical, existing non-serviced development eventually must beconnected to wastewater systems through a phased approach (identiy the amount o

time until existing development will connect).

Extension o piped wastewater services beyond the boundaries o a settlement area mustoccur in a planning context that takes into consideration the broader region that may be

aected by the extension.

Piped wastewater inrastructure will not be extended beyond the boundaries o an urbancentre in a way that supports the expansion o new development on the periphery o theurban centre.


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3.6 Conclusion

The concluding section should summarize the inormation and the approach endorsed by the

WWMP. It should also highlight next steps or the planning area regarding land use, wastewaterinrastructure and servicing, and nancial planning.

See Appendices A-H or additional inormation, including links to sample WWMPs.


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APPENDIX A: REGULATORY PROCESS FOR WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT

PLANS

The WWMP is now a requirement o all capital region municipalities and planning districts, and other

planning authorities as deemed necessary, under Section 62.2 oThe Planning Act.

The Community and Regional Planning Branch o Manitoba Local Government will help determinewhether a WWMP must accompany a development plan review or major amendment. A WWMP shouldbe prepared prior to, or in tandem with, the planning areas development plan. The development planitsel generally should be reviewed every ve years. Preparing the documents together will ensure

land use decisions refect the WWMP, and that wastewater management investments refect thedevelopment plan. This is also in keeping with Part 4 o the Provincial Planning Regulation, whichrequires plans to be co-ordinated.

The completed WWMP is submitted to the province or review by a technical advisory committee(TAC) with representation rom various government departments. The review process will take

approximately 30 days, plus additional time to address TAC comments or questions, and urther timeor approval. The review and approval process can occur concurrently with other regulatory processes.

The TAC will use the inormation in this guide as a standard. Questions the TAC will ask whenreviewing WWMPs include the ollowing:

Does the WWMP provide evidence that there is sucient wastewater management capacity(or storage, treatment, collection, etc.) to accommodate the projected developmentproposed in the development plan?

Is the approach selected in the WWMP to provide additional capacity appropriate? Are there

other options that should be considered?

Does the WWMP indicate how the wastewater management system (existing and proposed)ensures the health and saety o residents, protection o the environment and overall

eciency o the system?

What are the land use and development implications o the wastewater management systemselected? Does the approach t with development as it is planned?

Is the plan or addressing uture capacity requirements realistic and sustainable?

Are there other nancing mechanisms the municipality or planning district should consider?

Are the data used in the WWMP accurate and consistent with data used in other plans?

Submit the complete WWMP to this address:

WWMP TAC Co-ordinatorPlanning Policy and Programs Branch

Manitoba Local Government607 800 Portage AvenueWinnipeg, MB R3G [email protected]

Please note that the WWMP supports existing regulatory processes (such as environmental licensing)

but does not replace them.


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APPENDIX B: SAMPLE TABLE OF CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

INTRODUCTIONMethodology: Methods used, individuals involved, documents reerenced

CONTEXT CURRENT SITUATION

Sources o wastewater

Overview o wastewater inrastructure in area

Current wastewater management system

Costs and nancing o current wastewater management system

Functionality o current wastewater system

PROJECTED WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT NEEDS

Anticipated growth and development patterns in area

Anticipated wastewater production and impacts on current system

WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT REQUIREMENTS AND COSTS

Wastewater management options available

Selected approach and necessary improvements

Probable costs associated with selected approach

Potential uture regionalization o wastewater treatment (shared acilities/services with othercommunities), i applicable

WASTEWATER UPGRADE IMPLEMENTATION AND FINANCING

Staged implementation o upgrades (timing and location)

Capital costs, ongoing utility operating costs and nancing mechanisms

Related policy guidance or development plan

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

APPENDICES, TABLES, FIGURES, GLOSSARY


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APPENDIX C: GLOSSARY

Facultative wastewater treatment lagoons: an impoundment into which wastewater isdischarged or storage and treatment that has an anaerobic lower zone, a middle zone, and an

aerobic upper zone maintained by photosynthesis and surace reaeration.Hydraulic loading: the loading o a wastewater treatment acility in terms o the volume oincoming wastewater per unit o time. In acultative wastewater treatment lagoons, the hydraulic

loading determines the size o secondary cell needed to store treated wastewater during periodswhen treated efuent cannot be released.

Organic loading: the loading o a wastewater treatment acility in terms o the strength oincoming wastewater, usually expressed as the ve-day biochemical oxygen demand o the

wastewater. In acultative wastewater treatment lagoons, the organic loading determines the sizeo the primary cell needed to treat incoming wastewater.

Septage: sludge produced in individual onsite wastewater disposal systems such as septic tanks.

Sewage: household and commercial wastewater that contains human waste.

Sludge: accumulated solid material containing large amounts o entrained water, which hasseparated rom wastewater during processing.

Wastewater: spent or used water with dissolved and suspended matter rom a community orindustry.


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The table shows estimates o the number o dwelling units and land required to accommodateshiting the population rom single amily unserviced lots (rural residential two acre lots)to smaller serviced lots (note the increasing number o single amily serviced dwelling unitscompared to unserviced). This example assumes a current starting population o 6,793 with a

cumulative annual growth rate o 1.7 per cent and a constant 2.7 people per dwelling unit.

This kind o analysis can inorm uture wastewater inrastructure needs. Note that commercial,industrial and institutional land uses will also have to be considered.

ESTIMATED NEW DWELLING UNITS AND ACREAGE REQUIRED

Un-serviced Serviced

TotalsSingle Family Single Family

Semi-Detached

Multi-Family

Year

P

opulationChange

(Cumulative)

N

ew

DwellingUnits

(Cumulative)

New

Acres

(Cumulative)

N

ew

DwellingUnits

(Cumulative)

New

Acres

(Cumulative)

N

ew

DwellingUnits

(Cumulative)

New

Acres

(Cumulative)

N

ew

DwellingUnits

(Cumulative)

New

Acres

(Cumulative)

N

ew

DwellingUnits

(Cumulative)

New

Acres

(Cumulative)

0 0 (0) (0) (0) (0) (0) (0) (0) (0) (0) (0)

5597 35 70 78 19 24 4 18 1 155 94

(597) (35) (70) (78) (19) (24) (4) (18) (1) (155) (94)

10650 35 71 119 30 29 5 18 1 203 107

(1,247) (70) (141) (197) (49) (53) (9) (36) (2) (358) (201)

15707 36 72 160 40 33 5 18 1 247 119

(1,954) (106) (213) (357) (89) (86) (14) (54) (3) (605) (320)

20 769 37 73 214 54 37 6 18 1 307 134(2,724) (143) (286) (572) (143) (123) (20) (72) (4) (912) (454)

25837 37 75 288 72 42 7 18 1 385 155

(3,560) (181) (361) (859) (215) (165) (27) (90) (5) (1,297) (609)

APPENDIX D: HYPOTHETICAL EXAMPLE OF HOW TO ESTIMATE RESIDENTIAL

TYPES AND LAND REQUIREMENTS


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APPENDIX E: CONSIDERATIONS FOR WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT OPTIONS

When selecting the planning areas wastewater management options or the uture, remember thatthere are some key elements to consider, such as the size o the planning area, local geography andregional opportunities. Each o these considerations will have a bearing on what option will best

serve the planning area.

1. Size o Planning Area

Larger communities and those in ast-growing areas will generally require a conventional system,

such as a lagoon or wastewater treatment plant. However, innovative treatments such as efuentirrigation and constructed wetlands are alternatives or add-ons that have additional benets oreducing nutrient loading to surace water and ensuring that valuable nutrients are reused and

recycled.

For small, sparsely populated communities with little to no growth, it may be dicult to maintain

large-scale wastewater treatment systems over the long term. In these situations, smaller scale

systems that are distributed more widely and are integrated with other inrastructure may be anappropriate solution.

2. Local Geography and Site Selection

Soils, topography, climate and the local receiving waters are all actors when considering an

appropriate wastewater management system or a planning area. For example, efuent irrigation hasbeen used successully in Manitoba but deployment o this strategy to a planning area would dependon the soils and types o crops grown in the area. Also, some wastewater treatment technologiessuch as engineered wetlands might work best in southern Manitoba and may not be suitable or

northern areas. Site selection is also community-specic. For example, a wastewater treatment lagoon

should be located downstream rom community water sources and the prevailing wind direction. Theamount o available land is also a actor to consider. Wastewater treatment lagoons and engineered

wetlands require considerably more land than a wastewater treatment plant.

3. Regionalization

Neighbouring communities may be considering upgrading or constructing new wastewatermanagement systems as well. Opportunities or regional co-operation are worth considering i theamalgamation o resources is cost-eective and leads to an overall improvement in wastewaterservicing quality.

In some cases, a regional approach may not be easible because o the distance between

communities. The long-term maintenance o kilometres o sewer lines must be actored into the cost.

4. Technical Advice

For more advice on long-term solutions or wastewater treatment, please contact technical/engineering experts, such as sta at the Manitoba Water Services Board. They can provide advice onwastewater treatment to ensure that a planning area is well served by reliable technology over the

long-term: [email protected]


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APPENDIX F: GUIDANCE FOR SMALL RURAL MUNICIPALITIES

For some small rural municipalities without existing public wastewater acilities, the selectedlong-term approach or wastewater management may be to rely solely on individual septic systems(tank and eld). This option can be suitable in areas where the rate and density o development

is low enough that soils could absorb the wastewater discharges over the short and long terms;where there is little potential or water pollution (ex: not in a food zone, no soil limitations);where there is a nearby acility to receive the pump-out rom these systems.

In this case, a WWMP would identiy how this approach would be sustained over the long term,with the ollowing considerations addressed:

development as indicated in the development plan

environmental actors

lack o services or commercial/industrial development

system maintenance/upgrades

Although such onsite systems are privately owned and operated, it is in the best interest othe planning authority to ensure that private systems are regularly maintained and upgraded.

Any health or environmental problems arising rom private systems would ultimately be theresponsibility o the local and provincial governments. One way to ensure regular maintenance isto establish a municipal or district-wide schedule or inspection and maintenance (pump out) oindividual systems by a qualied proessional. Such a schedule should be included in the WWMP.

Finally, the WWMP should identiy methods to handle and dispose o the septagecollected rom

onsite septic systems. One option is to haul the septage to a wastewater treatment plant orlagoon designed or this purpose. I this approach is selected, the ollowing inormation must be

addressed in the WWMP: location o acility

agreement with another community to use its acility, i applicable

plans to build a new acility in the planning area, i applicable

nancing

implementation


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APPENDIX G: LOCATING PRIVATE WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITIES

Private wastewater treatment acilities are not all regulated in the same way and no single databaselists them all. However, several sources can help with gathering the necessary inormation or aregion. A third party, such as a consultant, will help to ensure collecting the correct inormation to

meet provincial requirements.

The public registry on the website of the Environmental Assessment and Licensing Branch of Manitoba

Conservation and Water Stewardship contains a database of licences issued for various projects,

including wastewater treatment facilities: www.gov.mb.ca/conservation/eal/archive/index.html

This is a searchable system. It is, however, important to check with the Environmental Assessmentand Licensing Branch to conrm numbers o private systems with current licences.

Finally, local knowledge is always valuable. Ask around.

APPENDIX H: LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK AND ADDITIONAL RESOURCESThe ollowing acts and regulations set the parameters and requirements or a WWMP and should beconsulted and reerenced in the WWMP where applicable.

Federal

Canadian Environmental Protection Act

Wastewater Systems Efuent Regulations

Provincial

Planning Act

Provincial Planning Regulation

Environment Act

Onsite Wastewater Management Systems Regulation

Municipal Act

Water Protection Act

Water quality standards, objectives and guidelines: are one o many tools used to protect,

maintain and, where necessary, rehabilitate water quality: http://www.gov.mb.ca/waterstewardship/water_quality/quality/pd/mb_water_quality_standard_nal.pd


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Sample Plans

This guide is intended to be used or a variety o wastewater management scenarios. To ensure itsapplicability a third party tested the guide, producing three wastewater management plans thatrepresent three dierent scenario samples. Each is typical o the capital region.

City o Selkirk Wastewater Management Plan: An example o a low complexity planor a municipality with private, onsite systems that require no additional treatment(ex: disposal elds, ejectors), OR a municipality with a single public system (lagoon orwastewater treatment plant).

RM o St. Clements Wastewater Management Plan:An example o a mediumcomplexity plan or a municipality with both private and public systems (ex: disposalelds, holding tanks, lagoons).

RM o St. Andrews & RM o West St. Paul Wastewater Management Plan: An example oa high complexity plan or a district or region with multiple public and private systems(ex: private and public lagoons, wastewater treatment plants, various onsite systems).

All o these plans are available on the Manitoba Local Government website:http://www.gov.mb.ca/ia/plups/sm.html

Documents

Wastewater Management Plan Guide