waste-management--power piont presentation--

8/7/2019 waste-management--power piont presentation--

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Waste ManagementWaste ManagementWaste ManagementWaste Management


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WhatareWastes?Basel Convention Definition ofWastes

substances or objects which are disposed of or areintended to be disposed of or are required to be

disposed of by the provisions of the law

Disposal meansany operation which may lead to resource recovery,recycling, reclamation, direct re-use or alternativeuses (Annex IVB of the Basel convention)


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Kinds ofWastesSolid wastes:domestic, commercialand industrial wastesespecially commonas co-disposal of wastes

Examples: plastics, styrofoam containers, bottles,

cans, papers, scrap iron, and othertrash

LiquidWastes: wastes inliquidform

Examples: domestic washings, chemicals, oils, wastewater from ponds, manufacturing industriesand other sources


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Classification ofWastes

according to their Properties

Bio-degradable

can be degraded (paper, wood, fruits andothers)

Non-biodegradable

cannot be degraded (plastics, bottles, oldmachines,

cans, styrofoam containers and others)


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Classification ofWastesaccording toClassification ofWastesaccording totheir Effects on Human Healthand thetheir Effects on Human Healthand the

EnvironmentEnvironment

Classification ofWastesaccording toClassification ofWastesaccording totheir Effects on Human Healthand thetheir Effects on Human Healthand the

EnvironmentEnvironment

Hazardous wastesHazardous wastesSubstancesSubstances unsafeunsafe toto useuse commercially,commercially, industrially,industrially,agriculturally,agriculturally, oror economicallyeconomically thatthatareare shipped,shipped, transportedtransported

toto oror broughtbrought fromfrom thethe countrycountry ofof originorigin forfor dumpingdumping orordisposaldisposal in,in, oror inin transittransit through,through, anyany partpart ofof thethe territoryterritoryofof thethe PhilippinesPhilippines

NonNon--hazardoushazardous

SubstancesSubstances safesafe toto useuse commercially,commercially, industrially,industrially,agriculturally,agriculturally, oror economicallyeconomically thatthatareare shipped,shipped, transportedtransportedtoto oror broughtbrought fromfrom thethe countrycountry ofof originorigin forfor dumpingdumping orordisposaldisposal in,in, oror inin transittransit through,through, anyany partpart ofof thethe territoryterritoryofof thethe PhilippinesPhilippines


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Sources ofWastes

Households

CommerceandIndustry


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Sources ofWastesAgriculture

Fisheries


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Waste Generation by CountryWaste Generation by Country(Global Waste Survey Final Report Published by IMO 1995)*(Global Waste Survey Final Report Published by IMO 1995)*

Waste Generation by CountryWaste Generation by Country(Global Waste Survey Final Report Published by IMO 1995)*(Global Waste Survey Final Report Published by IMO 1995)*

Countries Amount /year

Japan 395 M tonnes/year

Germany 104 M tonnes/year

Netherlands 6.1 M tonnes/year

Hungary 102 M tonnes/year

Poland 130 M tonnes/year

Romania 607 M tonnes/year

Bahrain9

2,000 tonnes/yearChina 6 B tonnes/year

Philippines 1.3 M tonnes/year

*from primary and secondary industry sectors


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EFFECTS OFWASTE IF

NOT MANAGED WISELY

Affects ourhealth Affects oursocio-economic conditions Affects our coastalandmarineenvironment Affects our climate


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EFFECTS OFWASTEAccording to NAS: GHGsareaccumulating in Earthsatmosphereasaresult ofhuman

activities, causingglobalmeansurfaceair temperatureandsubsurface oceantemperature to rise.

Risingglobal temperaturesareexpected to raisesealevelsand changeprecipitationand otherlocal climate conditions.

Changingregional climates couldalterforests, cropyields, and watersupplies.

This couldalso affecthumanhealth, animals, andmany types ofecosystems.

Desertsmightexpand into existingrangelands, andfeatures ofsome of ournationalparksmightbepermanentlyaltered.


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EFFECTS OFWASTEAccording to NAS:

- Some countriesareexpected to become warmer, although

sulfatesmightlimit warming insomeareas.

- Scientistsareunable to determine whichparts of thosecountries willbecome wetter ordrier, but there islikely to beanoverall trend toward increasedprecipitationandevaporation, moreintenserainstorms, anddriersoils.

- Whetherrainfall increases ordecreases cannotbereliablyprojectedforspecific areas.


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Effects of waste.Effects of waste.Effects of waste.Effects of waste.

Activities thathavealtered the chemical composition of theActivities thathavealtered the chemical composition of theatmosphere:atmosphere:

--Buildup ofGHGsprimarily carbondioxide (COBuildup ofGHGsprimarily carbondioxide (CO22)methane (CH)methane (CH44), and), andnitrous oxide (Nnitrous oxide (N220).0).

--C0C022 isreleased to theatmosphereby theburning offossilfuels,isreleased to theatmosphereby theburning offossilfuels,woodand woodproducts, andsolid waste.woodand woodproducts, andsolid waste.

--CHCH44 isemittedfrom thedecomposition of organic wastes inlandfills,isemittedfrom thedecomposition of organic wastes inlandfills,theraising oflivestock, and theproductionand transport of coal,theraising oflivestock, and theproductionand transport of coal,naturalgas, and oil.naturalgas, and oil.

--N0N022 isemittedduringagriculturaland industrialactivities, as wellasisemittedduringagriculturaland industrialactivities, as wellasduring combustion ofsolid wasteandfossilfuels. In 1977, the USduring combustion ofsolid wasteandfossilfuels. In 1977, the USemittedabout oneemittedabout one--fifth of totalglobalGHGs.fifth of totalglobalGHGs.

Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2000, US EPA, Office of Atmospheric

Programs, April 2002 EPA 236-R-02-003.


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WHATSHOULD BE DONE ReduceWaste

- Reduce officepaper wasteby implementingaformalpolicy to duplexalldraftreportsandbymaking trainingmanualsandpersonnel informationavailableelectronically.

- Improveproductdesign to uselessmaterials.

- Redesignpackaging to eliminateexcessmaterial whilemaintainingstrength.

- Work with customers to designand implementa

packagingreturnprogram.

- Switch to reusable transport containers.

- Purchaseproducts inbulk.


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WHATSHOULD BE DONEReuse

- Reuse corrugatedmovingboxes internally.

- Reuse officefurnitureandsupplies, suchas interofficeenvelopes, filefolders, andpaper.

- Usedurable towels, tablecloths, napkins, dishes, cups,andglasses.

- Use incomingpackagingmaterialsfor outgoingshipments.

- Encourageemployees to reuse officematerialsrather thanpurchasenew ones.


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WHATSHOULD BE DONEDonate/Exchange

- oldbooks

- old clothes

- old computers

- excessbuildingmaterials

- oldequipment to local organizations


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WHATSHOULD BE DONEEmployee Education

- Developan officerecyclingprocedurespacket.

- Send outrecyclingreminders to allemployees including

environmentalarticles.

- Trainemployees onrecyclingpracticesprior toimplementingrecyclingprograms.

- Conductan ongoing trainingprocessasnew technologiesare introducedandnew employees join the institution.


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WHATSHOULD BE DONEEmployee Education

- education campaign on wastemanagementthat includesanextensive internal website,quarterlynewsletters, dailybulletins,promotionalsignsandhelpfulreferencelabelswithin the campus ofan institution.


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WHATSHOULD BE DONEPreventingWaste

- packaging wastereductionsandchanges in themanufacturingprocess

- usebiodegradablematerials


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WHATSHOULD BE DONEConduct outreachprogramadoptinganecologicallysound wastemanagement

system which includes:

wastereduction

segregationatsource

composting recyclingandre-use

moreefficient collection

moreenvironmentallysounddisposal


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Residentsare organized into small

groups to carry out thefollowing:1. construction ofbackyard compostpit

2. construction ofstoragebins whererecyclableandreusablematerialsarestoredbyeachhousehold

3. construction ofstorage centers whererecyclableandreusablematerials collectedby thestreetsweepersarestoredprior to selling to junkdealers

4. maintenance of cleanliness inyardsandstreets

5. greening of theirrespectiveareas

6. encouraging others to join


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ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

SYSTEMS: EMSWhat isan EMS?

An EMS isaformalset ofpoliciesandprocedures that

definehow an organization willevaluate, manage, and trackitsenvironmental impact. Itfollows thebasic model:

Plan > Do > Check > Act

Thisfacilitates cost-effectiveenvironmentalperformancebydefiningand continuously improving theprocessandactionsthatan organizationundertakes to meet itsenvironmentalgoals.


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EMS Development A PolicyStatement that communicatesanorganizationsenvironmentalpriorities to employees.

Managerialendorsement of thepolicystatementdemonstrates the organizations commitment to theeffortand willingness to allocateresourcesforimplementation.

Onceapolicystatement is inplace, the organizationimplements itfollowing themodel.


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ages n e mp emen a onof EMS

understanding ofeco-ethics environmentalandhealtheffects economic impacts

liabilities

Afterestablishinga completelist ofsignificantaspects, the organizationsetsenvironmentalgoalsanddevelopsaplan to achieve thosegoals.

Identify all environmental aspects: any environmental or

health and safety impacts resulting from activities and

services. The organization then evaluates each aspect

according to a variety of criteria:

1. Plan


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2. DoThe do-phase of themodel involves implementation of theenvironmentalplan throughemployee trainingandestablishment of operation controls.

3. CheckEvaluatesprogress towardmeetingprogramgoals throughongoingmonitoringandmeasuringandperiodic EMSaudits.

4. ActInvolves taking correctiveaction to updateand improve theenvironmentalplan.Forexample, ifan organizationmakessignificantprogress on oneenvironmentalaspect, anotherenvironmentalaspect willreplace it on theprioritylist.


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WhyShouldanOrganizationAdoptan

EMS?1. Improveenvironmentalperformance

Ithelpsmonitorenergyand water conservation, resourceefficiencies, andpollutionprevention.

2. Betterregulatory complianceIncreaseregulatory compliance which isespeciallyimportantfor organizations thatspend timeandresources withregulatory violations.

3. CertificationandrecognitionEMS implementation canenhancean organizations imageand improvepublic communityrelations.


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EMS Certification EPAencourages organizations to userecognized

EMSframeworks to improve compliance,pollutionprevention, and othermeasures ofenvironmentalperformance.

Third-party certification canalso addcredibility to an organizations EMS.


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Principles ofan Effective EMSForbetterenvironmentaland overallorganizationalperformance, an EMSshould:

1. Focus on continual improvement

2. Serve the organizationand itsmission3. Receive topmanagementsupport4. Remaindynamic andflexible5. Fit the culture of the organization6. Representemployeesand theiractions7. Establishemployeesawarenessand involvement


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waste-management--power piont presentation--