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ProblemsProblems
-No federal laws-No federal laws-No courts-No courts-No law enforcement-No law enforcement-No money-No money-No taxes-No taxes-No foreign policy-No foreign policy-No military-No military-Huge war debt-Huge war debt
SolutionsSolutions-Judiciary Act: Supreme Court-Judiciary Act: Supreme Court
judicial reviewjudicial review 13 district courts13 district courts
-Create a cabinet: advisors-Create a cabinet: advisorsHamiltonHamilton Jefferson Jefferson Knox Knox
RandolphRandolph
TreasuryTreasury State State War Attorney War Attorney GeneralGeneral
Hamilton solves the money problemHamilton solves the money problem
-States pay debts-States pay debts
-Government bonds: money borrowed from -Government bonds: money borrowed from the the
people that must people that must be be repaidrepaid
-Assumption Bill: government takes the -Assumption Bill: government takes the states debts states debts
-Bank of the United States-Bank of the United States-safe place to store money-safe place to store money-government could borrow more-government could borrow more-paper money-paper money-check-check
Jefferson objectsJefferson objects-wealthy controls-wealthy controls-small banks go broke-small banks go broke--
UNCONSTITUTIONALUNCONSTITUTIONAL
Hamilton and Jefferson begin to disagree!!!!Hamilton and Jefferson begin to disagree!!!!
-protective tariff: hurts foreign competition-protective tariff: hurts foreign competition
protects businessesprotects businesses
hurts farmershurts farmers
-excise tax: whiskey-excise tax: whiskey
hurts Appalachian farmershurts Appalachian farmers
- Whiskey Rebellion- Whiskey Rebellion
-Washington used troops to put down-Washington used troops to put down
-WASHINGTON SHOWED HE COULD -WASHINGTON SHOWED HE COULD ENFORCE ENFORCE THE LAW!!!!THE LAW!!!!
Foreign policy = NEUTRALITYForeign policy = NEUTRALITYU.S. almost goes to warU.S. almost goes to war
France: Neutrality ActFrance: Neutrality Act
England: Jay’s TreatyEngland: Jay’s Treaty
gave fur trade to Englandgave fur trade to England
settlers hatedsettlers hated
Spain: Pickney TreatySpain: Pickney Treaty
Mississippi RiverMississippi River
WASHINGTON’S FAREWELLWASHINGTON’S FAREWELL
Two WarningsTwo Warnings
-trouble with foreign countries-trouble with foreign countries
-political parties-political parties
FEDERALISTSFEDERALISTS VSVS REPUBLICANS REPUBLICANSHAMILTONHAMILTON JEFFERSONJEFFERSON
John AdamsJohn Adams
-Federalist-Federalist-Washington’s VP-Washington’s VP-wife: Abigail-wife: Abigail-very educated-very educated-Vice President: Thomas Jefferson-Vice President: Thomas Jefferson
RepublicanRepublican
President and VP are from two different President and VP are from two different parties!!!parties!!!
Most votes: PresidentMost votes: President 22ndnd most: VP most: VP
ProblemsProblems
France: XYZ AFFAIRFrance: XYZ AFFAIR
negotiate to prevent warnegotiate to prevent war
XYZ: charge $250,000XYZ: charge $250,000
Americans want warAmericans want war
Adams keeps America out of war Adams keeps America out of war
Adam’s response: ALIEN AND SEDITION Adam’s response: ALIEN AND SEDITION ACTS ACTS
-stronger citizenship laws-stronger citizenship laws
-President can kick out dangerous aliens-President can kick out dangerous aliens
-Imprison aliens during war-Imprison aliens during war
-Sedition: fined and jailed for speaking -Sedition: fined and jailed for speaking out out against the President against the President
Republicans put in jail and aliens can’t voteRepublicans put in jail and aliens can’t vote
Republican Response:Republican Response:
JeffersonJefferson MadisonMadison
VIRGINIA AND KENTUCKY RESOLUTION:VIRGINIA AND KENTUCKY RESOLUTION:
A state has the power to declare a law null and A state has the power to declare a law null and void(unconstitutional)void(unconstitutional)
Result:Result: Adams loses electionAdams loses election
Republicans take overRepublicans take over
Adams wants Federalists to keep powerAdams wants Federalists to keep power
Appoints MIDNIGHT JUDGES to the Supreme Appoints MIDNIGHT JUDGES to the Supreme Court on his last minute in officeCourt on his last minute in office
MARBURY V MADISON: UNCONSTITUTIONALMARBURY V MADISON: UNCONSTITUTIONAL
-first court case to rule something -first court case to rule something unconstitutionalunconstitutional
-AFFIRMS JUDICIAL REVIEW-AFFIRMS JUDICIAL REVIEW
John Marshall: Supreme Court Chief John Marshall: Supreme Court Chief Justice Justice
FederalistFederalist
MAKES THE GOVERNMENT STRONGER!!MAKES THE GOVERNMENT STRONGER!!
Election of 1800:Election of 1800:Federalists: Adams and PickneyFederalists: Adams and Pickney
vsvsRepublicans: Jefferson and BurrRepublicans: Jefferson and Burr
ELECTION ENDS IN A TIE: between ELECTION ENDS IN A TIE: between Jefferson and BurrJefferson and Burr
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ELECTS HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ELECTS JEFFERSON PRESIDENTJEFFERSON PRESIDENT
Hamilton told them Burr was a punk Hamilton told them Burr was a punk
Thomas JeffersonThomas Jefferson
-Republican-Republican
-VP Aaron Burr-VP Aaron Burr
-slave owner-slave owner
-Declaration of Independence-Declaration of Independence
-Virginia and Kentucky Resolution-Virginia and Kentucky Resolution
-walked to his inauguration in plain clothes-walked to his inauguration in plain clothes
Problems with France:Problems with France:
-controlled Louisiana-controlled Louisiana
-cut off Mississippi and New Orleans-cut off Mississippi and New Orleans
-U.S. offers $10 million for West Florida-U.S. offers $10 million for West Florida
-Napoleon gives the Louisiana Purchase for -Napoleon gives the Louisiana Purchase for $15 million$15 million
Louisiana PurchaseLouisiana Purchase
-Lewis and Clark-Lewis and Clark
-explore the territory and bring back samples-explore the territory and bring back samples
-Found the territory was rich in resources-Found the territory was rich in resources
Pirates:Pirates:
-Barbary states(Africa)-Barbary states(Africa)
-charging tribute-charging tribute
-Jefferson sends in the Navy-Jefferson sends in the Navy
-national pride erupts-national pride erupts
Jefferson wants to repeal Federalist lawsJefferson wants to repeal Federalist laws
-Alien and Sedition Acts-Alien and Sedition Acts
-Midnight Judges-Midnight Judges
-Excise tax-Excise tax
-Cuts military funding-Cuts military funding
Should weaken the federal government but Should weaken the federal government but actually makes it STRONGERactually makes it STRONGER
-Louisiana Purchase-Louisiana Purchase
-Barbary Pirates-Barbary Pirates
-Kept the National Bank-Kept the National Bank
Burr and Hamilton DuelBurr and Hamilton Duel
Aaron BurrAaron Burr Alexander HamiltonAlexander Hamilton
BURR KILLS HAMILTONBURR KILLS HAMILTON
Almost war again:Almost war again:-England and France are fighting-England and France are fighting
-English law: America can’t trade with France-English law: America can’t trade with France -French law: America can’t trade with England-French law: America can’t trade with England
-England and France “impress” sailors-England and France “impress” sailors
EMBARGO ACT: America trades with EMBARGO ACT: America trades with neither neither
War is avoided but merchants, sailors, and War is avoided but merchants, sailors, and farmers are unhappyfarmers are unhappy
Jefferson doesn’t run for a third term out of Jefferson doesn’t run for a third term out of respect for Washington (unwritten constitution)respect for Washington (unwritten constitution)
James MadisonJames Madison
-Republican-Republican
-wife: Dolly (very fashionable)-wife: Dolly (very fashionable)
-short-short
-poor health-poor health
-tried unsuccessfully to keep-tried unsuccessfully to keep
America out of warAmerica out of war
War of 1812War of 1812
Causes:Causes:
-Freedom of Seas-Freedom of Seas
-Impressment: seizing sailors-Impressment: seizing sailors
-Land Hunger: Canada-Land Hunger: Canada
-Tecumseh encouraged to attack-Tecumseh encouraged to attack
settlerssettlers
-War Hawks: Congressmen that want war-War Hawks: Congressmen that want war
-National Pride-National Pride
EVENTSEVENTS
-U.S.S. Constitution: Old Ironsides-U.S.S. Constitution: Old Ironsides
-Washington burned-Washington burned-Star Spangled Banner-Star Spangled Banner
by Francis Scott Keyby Francis Scott Key
Effects:Effects:
-Manufacturing developed-Manufacturing developed
-strong national government and navy-strong national government and navy
-nationalism-nationalism
-Federalists disappeared-Federalists disappeared
-national heroes: -national heroes:
Andrew JacksonAndrew Jackson William HarrisonWilliam Harrison