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Warm Up!
Three types of matter are solids, liquids, and gas. We learned that these three types of matter can be
identified by…
a.Physical and chemical properties
b.Density and colorc.Testing to see if it effervescesd.Deciding if it is soluble
Warm Up!A cup filled to the rim with water was left out at room
temperature overnight. The picture shows how much water was left the next morning. Which of the following is a reasonable hypothesis for what happened to the water?
a.The water molecules at the surface lost enough energy to evaporate.
b.The water molecules at the surface gained enough energy to evaporate.
c.The water molecules at the surface lost enough energy to condense.
d.The water molecules at the surface gained enough energy to sublimate.
Chapter 9Elements, Compounds
& Mixtures
HypothesisWhat is the difference
between these three items?Give examples if you need
to.
The BIG PictureCategorizing Matter
MatterDescribed using physical and chemical properties
Pure Substance Mixture
ElementsSmallest particle is the atom
CompoundsSmallest particle is the Molecule
Homogenous
Heterogeneous
SolutionsMixtures of two or more substances
One type of atom
throughout
specimen.
Atoms combine chemically
and cannot be separated.
Two or more atoms combine to create a
new substance.
Pure Substances
ElementsSmallest particle
is the atom.
CompoundsSmallest particle
is the Molecule.
One type of atom
throughout specimen.
Atoms combine chemically and cannot
be separated physically.Two or more atoms
combine to create a molecule of a
new substance.
or
Pure Substance - Elements
92 elements
occur naturally
and Many more have been created in
a laboratory
Famous ElementsTitanium is a hard, silvery-gray metallic
element. Its symbol is Ti. It is the 9th most common element in the Earth’s
crust.
Pure Substance - CompoundsEvery compound is a pair or group of atoms that
are combined in a definite proportion.MILLIONS of compounds have been identified!
Poisonous
yellow -green gas
Highly explosi
ve when
exposed to
water!
Table SaltOr
Sodium ChlorideSafe and
necessary for life.
plus equals
Common Household Compounds (1) water - H2O
(2) sodium chloride (table salt) - NaCl(3) sucrose (table sugar) - C12H22O11(4) sodium hydrogen carbonate (baking soda) - NaHCO3(5) calcium carbonate (chalk or marble) - CaCO3(6) acetic acid (vinegar) - HC2H3O2(8) ammonia (household ammonia) - NH3(9) sodium hypochlorite (bleach) - NaClO(10) sodium hydroxide (drain cleaner) - NaOH(11) calcium hydroxide (lime) - Ca(OH)2(12) sodium stearate (soap) - CH3(CH2)16COONa(13) glycerol (glycerin) - C3H5(OH)3(14) hydrogen peroxide (antiseptic or bleach) - H2O2(15) isopropanol (rubbing alcohol) - CH3COHCH3(16) silicon dioxide (glass) - SiO2(17) starch (flour) - (C6H10O5)n
The BIG PictureCategorizing Matter
MatterDescribed using physical and chemical properties
Pure Substance Mixture
ElementsSmallest particle is the atom
CompoundsSmallest particle is the Molecule
Homogenous
Heterogeneous
SolutionsMixtures of two or more substances
One type of atom
throughout
specimen.
Atoms combine chemically
and cannot be separated.
Two or more atoms combine to create a
new substance.
Mixtures ARE NOT PURE SUBSTANCES!
Substances in a mixture CAN be separated by physical means!
Mixtures can be…Heterogeneous: In substances in the mixture are NOT evenly distributed.
OrHomogenous: The substances in the
mixtureARE evenly distributed.
More on a Homogenous
Mixture If it appears to be the same
throughout it is called a “solution”
In a solution the component that is present in the largest amount is called the “solvent”
The parts that are in the solution in lesser quantities are called “solutes”
Wrap Up ReviewMatter
Described using physical and chemical properties
Pure Substance Mixture
ElementsSmallest particle is the atom
CompoundsSmallest particle is the Molecule
Homogenous
HeterogeneousUnevenly distributed
SolutionsMixtures of two or
more substances that are evenly distributed
• Largest component = solvent
• Smaller components = solutes
One type of atom
throughout
specimen.
Atoms combine chemically
and cannot be separated.
Two or more atoms combine to create a
new substance.