Warm Up1.What rights do you think people are born

with? 2. Does it make more sense to divide up a

gov’ts power between individuals or groups, or does it make more sense to have it all in one place? Why?

3. What do you think a gov’t should do for its people? What do you think people should do for the gov’t?

John Locke (England)

Viewpoints• All humans have “natural rights” • We obey gov’t (give up some rights), gov’t protects us.• This is the social contract theory!

Baron de Montesquieu (France)Viewpoints• Believed too much power in

one place is dangerous for others

• Introduced “Separation of Powers” between branches of government

Jean Jacques Rousseau (France)

Viewpoints• Humans will destroy

themselves if they don’t give up some freedoms!

• Humans create a “social contract” with government to protect themselves

Voltaire (France & England)

Viewpoints• Believed in Civil Liberties

– Trial by Jury of peers– Freedom of Religion– Freedom of Speech

Quiz yourselfNumber 1 -5 in your notes…

1. Who believed in civil liberties?2. Which two philosophers developed the social

contract theory?3. According to social contract theory, what

should people do if the gov’t doesn’t protect their rights?

4. What did John Locke say were our natural rights?

5. What makes natural rights “natural rights?” Why do we have them?

Magna Carta• Signed in year 1215 … WAYYYY before the colonies• Limited power of the King.• Gave people rights.

•Led to… limited gov’t!!• (Obama can’t do anything he wants)

Mayflower Compact - 1620

• Pilgrims came over on the Mayflower (their boat.)

• No laws when they got here!• So…they made some.• Mayflower Compact was the first to set up self-

government in the colonies.• Example of social contract - everyone agreed to

obey rules in exchange for slightly less freedom.

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut - 1639

• First colonial constitution• In other words…first time a document was

written in colonies to lay out a plan of gov’t.

• F = Fundamental First

• Con = CONnecticutCONstitution

John Peter Zenger Trial - 1735

• Zenger was accused of libel (printing harmful things about governor.)

• Found not guilty!• Led to…freedom of press!

Flashcards

• There are a lot of terms you need to know for this unit…flashcards will help A LOT!!

• For today, you need 8 flashcards…– Front: Term/Name (for the terms, draw a

picture or symbol to represent the term)– Back: what/who and WHY is this important?

• Voltaire, Rousseau, John Locke, Montesquieu, Magna Carta, Mayflower Compact, Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, Zenger Trial