NEW PEOPLE ARRIVE IN LATIN AMERICA!The Portuguese & Spanish!

TREATY OF TORDESILLAS A line of longitude to

divide the area of Portugal conquest and Spanish conquest – so that there was NO confusion!

Implemented by the catholic church

1494

TREATY OF TORDESILLAS

CONQUEST OF THE AMERICAS Hernan Cortes

Led the expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire in Mexico!

Began the first phase of Spanish colonization of the Americas

Around 1520

Francisco Pizarro Led the expedition that

conquered the Incan empire! (Peru)

Conquered them quickly and brutally

Around 1530

CONQUEST OF THE AMERICAS Pedro Cabral

A Portuguese discoverer of Brazil!

Claimed the east side of South America for Portugal!

Around 1500

Francisco de Orellana Spanish conquistador. First to explore the

Amazon River! Helped Pizarro conquer

Peru.

SO WHAT’S GOING ON HERE… Portugal came do dominate Brazil! Spain came to dominate parts of N. America,

C. America and most of S. America In your books, turn to page 525. Look at the

map of colonial Latin America. Answer the “geography skills” questions. Be

ready to discuss this map.

SOCIAL CLASSES European’s (Spanish and

Portuguese) set up the social classes in the colonies much like the social classes in their home country.

Social classes divided based on privilege! This is called a caste

system.

CASTE SYSTEM Permanent

Based on what place of the social hierarchy you are BORN into. Do you think this is

a fair way of doing things?

PENINSULARES Spanish and Portuguese officials who had

been born in Europe.

Held important government positions.

CREOLES

People of Spanish descent but born in Latin America

Controlled land and business

Could be part of the militia

Really resented the Peninsulares

MESTIZOS The child of a European and a Native American. 25% of population

Not rich, not poor…just in the middle (economically)

MULATTOES The child of a European and African American

(slave)

NATIVE AMERICANS AND SLAVES Usually at the bottom of the caste system Lots of other groups emerged as a result of

unions between Mestizos and Mulattoes and between Native Americans and Africans.

RESOURCES FROM LATIN AMERICA This was a source of wealth for the Spanish

and Portuguese Removed natural resources

Gold, silver, deforestation, crops, etc. Needed to maintain a supply of labor so…

ENCOMIENDA SYSTEM Put into place by the Spanish crown. Native Americans forced to pay tribute

and provide labor to Spanish landowners. Spanish landowners given a certain amount

of Native American to “look after”.

RELIGION Spanish and Portuguese wanted to Christianize

the native people! Sent missionaries Built cathedrals, hospitals, schools and orphanages

Women could become nuns!

SO AT THIS POINT…THINGS ARE GOING RIGHT A LONG IN THE COLONIES… WHAT COULD GO WRONG?

REVOLUTION! In your notes, answer these questions then

discuss with a partner! What is a revolution? Why do people have revolutions? Give some reasons you think the people of Latin

America wanted a revolution?

Causes of Latin AmericanRevolutions

1. Enlightenment Ideas challenging traditional ways. Thinking about reason and individualism.

2. Creole discontent at being left out of government jobs and trade concessions. Angry at peninsulares

3. Inspiration of American and French Revolutions.

4. Preoccupation of Spain & Portugal in fighting the Napoleonic Wars. (Weakens them)

Enlightenment Ideas1. Laws of nature [NATURAL LAWS]

govern natural science and human society.

2. Give people rights life, liberty, property!

3. Make fair societies based on reason possible.

AND SO WE HAVE….REVOLUTIONS!!