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Walls, Balconies and Assembly Intersections: Advanced Enclosure Detailing TechniquesCOLIN SHANE M.ENG., P.ENG.ASSOCIATE, SENIOR PROJECT MANAGER
RDH BUILDING SCIENCE INC.
Disclaimer: This presentation was developed by a third party and is not funded by WoodWorks or the Softwood Lumber Board.
MAY 2016
This presentation is protected by US and International Copyright laws. Reproduction, distribution, display and use of the presentation without written
permission of the speaker is prohibited.
© RDH Building Sciences Inc. 2015
Copyright Materials
“The Wood Products Council”is a Registered Provider with The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems (AIA/CES), Provider #G516.
Credit(s) earned on completion of this course will be reported to AIA CES for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for both AIA members and non-AIA members are available upon request.
This course is registered with AIA CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product.__________________________________
Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.
Course Description
à This presentation will provide an in-depth look at a variety of wood-frame building enclosure assemblies and details. Beginning with a brief review of building enclosure design fundamentals and considerations, it will then focus on best practices for wall assembly design with references from technical guidelines and case studies. Finally, the critical
detail interfaces between different enclosure assemblies ( i.e., walls, roofs, balconies, windows, foundations) will be reviewed with a focus on continuity of control layers. A series of details and case studies will be provided for each.
Learning Objectives
à Review building enclosure design best practices for light wood-frame buildings.
à Demonstrate effective methods of controlling heat, air, and moisture movement through wood-frame assemblies.
à Discuss common details used for light wood-frame wall and roof enclosure assemblies.
à Using case studies and details from past projects, demonstrate unique considerations and best practices associated with the interfaces between adjacent enclosure assemblies.
à Building science basics
à Control layers (water, air, heat)
à Designing Assemblies
à Connecting Assemblies (Details)
à Examples
Outline
Wood-frame Building Enclosure Design Guides
à 2011 Building Enclosure Design Guide – Wood-frame Multi-Unit Residential Buildings
à Emphasis on best practices, moisture and new energy codes
à 2013 Guide for Designing Energy-Efficient Building Enclosures
à Focus on highly insulated wood-frame assemblies to meet current and upcoming energy codes
à CLT Handbook
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à Separate indoors from outdoors, by controlling:à Heat flow
à Air flow
à Vapor diffusion
à Water penetration
à Condensationà Light and solar radiation
à Noise, fire, and smoke
à While at the same time:à Transferring structural loads
à Being durable and maintainableà Being economical & constructible
à Looking good!
Building Enclosure Design Fundamentals
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The Old Way
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The New Way – “Light & Tight”
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Old versus New
à Trend towards more energy efficiently building enclosures
à Air barriers now required in 2012 IECC and 2013 CEC
à Continuous insulation becoming more common
à Seeing more new building materials, enclosure assemblies and
construction techniques
à More insulation = less heat flow to dry out moistureà “Marginal” assemblies that worked in the past may no longer
workà Amount, type and placement of insulations matters, for vapor, air
and moisture control
à Need to fully understand the science and interaction of design parameters
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What do we know?
Building Enclosure
Control Air
Control Vapor
Control heat
Control Rain
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Building Enclosure Control Layers
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Water Control Strategy
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How do Walls get Wet and Dry?
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Water Penetration Control Strategies
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Rainscreen Cladding
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Rainscreen Cladding - Stucco
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Air Control Layer
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2013 CEC Air Barrier Requirement
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Air Leakage vs. Diffusion
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à Code requirement
à Moistureà Air holds moisture that can be
transported and deposited within assemblies.
à Energyà Unintentional airflow through
the building enclosure can account for as much as 50% of the space heat loss/gain in buildings.
Air Penetration Control – Why?
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Air Barriers Are Systems
AccessoriesMaterials Components
Whole Building
Airtightness
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Types of Air Barrier Systems
Sealed Gypsum Sheathing –Sealant Filler at Joints
Loose Sheet Applied Membrane –Taped Joints & Strapping
Liquid Applied – Silicone sealants and silicone membrane at Joints
Sealed Plywood Sheathing –Sealant & Membrane at Joints
Sealed Sheathing –Membrane at Joints
Self-Adhered vapor permeable membrane
Plywood sheathing with taped joints (good tape)
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Airtightness Does Not Happen By Accident
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Thermal Control Layer
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Conductive Heat Loss Control
à Insulation between studs is most common heat control strategy
à Need to consider effective R-values
à Continuous insulation on exterior becoming more common
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2013 CEC (Title 24) Requirements
à U-0.059 = R-16.9
à U-0.042 = R-23.8à Zones 11, 14, 15, 16
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Framing Factor Impact on Effective R-values
Fram
ing
@ 1
6”
o.c
.
Fram
ing
@ 2
4”o
/c
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Wall Design Evolution
35°F
70°F65°F
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Wall Design Evolution
35°F
70°F
40°F
65°F
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Wall Design Evolution
35°F
70°F
40°F
65°F
55°F
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Building Science Basics: Sorption Isotherm
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The ‘Perfect’ Assembly
à Rain penetration control: rainscreen cladding
over water barrier
à Air leakage control: robust air barrier system
à Heat control: continuous insulation layer
à Locate all barriers exterior of structure
à Keep structure warm and dry
à 50+ year old concept!
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‘Perfect’ (Pretty Good) Wall
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‘Perfect’ Roof
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Details – Connect the Control Layers
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Wall-to-Roof Detail
à Connect the Lines
à Water control
à Air control
à Heat control
Details
Continuity of Control Layers
à How to design a detail:
à Identify the 4 control layers within each assembly
à Connect each of the layers across the detail
à Do not lift your pencil off the page
à Select appropriate materials to make the necessary transitions
› There isn’t a ‘right’ way here
Continuity of Control Layers – Base of Wall
Exterior Air BarrierInterior Air Barrier
Continuity of Control Layers – Windows
Continuity of Control Layers – Wall to Roof
Continuity of Control Layers – Balcony
à Water barrier (red):
à Over a sloped and drained balcony surface
à The details are critical
à Air barrier (green):
à Use the shortest path possible
à Prevent interior air from entering balcony soffit
à Vent soffit
à Thermal barrier / vapor barriers
Continuity of Air / Thermal Control Layers
à Lots of thought given to water control layer and rightfully so
à Air barrier and thermal barrier continuity often overlooked
à Difficult to reliably detail sheet membrane around penetrating joists
à Spray foam often used for air and thermal control
Continuity of Air / Thermal Control Layers
Cantilevered Balcony - Saddles
Can you spot them?
Cantilevered Balcony - Saddles
à 3-dimensional integration of assemblies
à Include a 3-dimensional detail
Continuity of Water Control Layer
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Balcony Corner – Wood Frame
Balcony Corner Saddle Flashing
Balcony Corner Saddle Flashing
Balcony Corner Saddle Flashing
Balcony Edge Flashing – Concrete Topping
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Balcony/Deck Edge – Concrete Frame
à Avoid the hard details altogether
A Better Way?
Pre-Finished Balcony
à Balcony is a ‘bolt-on’ architectural component, but not part of building enclosure
à Air, water, and thermal control layers continuous behind pre-finished balcony
à Simplifies detailing – no saddles
à Continuous water, air, thermal layers
Current Project – Bay Area
Precast Bolt-On Balconies
à rdh.com | buildingsciencelabs.com
Discussion + Questions
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION PLEASE VISIT
This concludes The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems Course
