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Wales Millennium Centre 1

Wales Millennium Centre

Wales Millennium Centre

The Armadillo

Location Cardiff Bay, Cardiff, Wales

Broke ground February 2002

Opened Phase 1: 26 – 28 November 2004

Phase 2: 31 January 2009

Owner Phase 1: Wales Millennium Centre

Phase 2: Lime Property Fund (Aviva Investors)[1]

Operator Wales Millennium Centre

Construction cost Phase 1 GB£106.2 million[2]Phase 2 GB£18 million

[1]

Architect Percy Thomas Partnership,

now called Capita Architecture

Capacity Donald Gordon Theatre: 1,897

BBC Hoddinott Hall: 350

Weston Studio Theatre: 250

Tenants

Arts Council of Wales, Academi, Diversions,

Hijinx Theatre, Touch Trust, Tŷ Cerdd,

Urdd Gobaith Cymru, Welsh National Operaand BBC National Orchestra of Wales.

[3]

Wales Millennium Centre (Welsh: Canolfan Mileniwm Cymru) is an arts centre located in the Cardiff Bay area of 

Cardiff, Wales. The site covers a total area of 4.7 acres (1.9 ha). [4] Phase 1 of the building was opened during the

weekend of the 26 – 28 November 2004 and phase 2 opened on 22 January 2009 with an inaugural concert. The

centre has hosted performances of opera, ballet, dance, comedy and musicals.

Locally nicknamed "the Armadillo",[5] [6] the Centre comprises one large theatre and two smaller halls with shops,

bars and restaurants. It houses the national orchestra and opera, dance, theatre and literature companies, a total of 

eight arts organisations in residence.[3] The main theatre, the Donald Gordon Theatre, has 1,897 seats, the BBC

Hoddinott Hall 350 and the Weston Studio Theatre 250.[7]

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Wales Millennium Centre 2

In 2001 Lord Rowe-Beddoe was appointed chairman of Wales Millennium Centre, a company limited by guarantee.

Board members include Sir Michael Checkland.

Background

Failed Cardiff Bay Opera House projectThe Centre replaced an earlier project for the site, the Cardiff Bay Opera House, a plan supported by the Cardiff Bay

Development Corporation to construct a permanent home for the Welsh National Opera.[8] The project failed to win

financial support from the Millennium Commission, the body which distributed funds from the UK National Lottery.

An international design competition attracted 268 international applicants,[9] and was won by Iraq-born architect

Zaha Hadid. Her avant-garde design was so radical that she and a selection of other applicants were asked to submit

revised designs for a second round of competition[10]  —which she again won[11] with "a sleek and dazzling complex

of sharp lines and surfaces that she compared to an 'inverted necklace'".[12]

In December 1995, the Millennium Commission decided against lottery-money funding for the project. [12] It was

suggested that the bid failed because of "the unpopular Conservative government's fear of controversy", favouring

the funding of projects perceived as more populist, such as the Millennium Stadium. [13]

Origins of Wales Millennium Centre

After the Cardiff Bay Opera House project was rejected, a new project was conceived that included more than opera

and was felt to be a better reflection of Welsh culture. The change of name symbolised this, but the project still had

to overcome many hurdles. Funding from the Welsh Assembly and Millennium Commission took years to obtain.

Cardiff Council had to buy the land after the previous owners, Grosvenor Waterside (Associated British Ports

property division) threatened to built a retail centre there due to the delays.[4] [14] Further boosts were given by large

donations from South African businessman Donald Gordon and a loan from the international bank, HSBC. The

GB£20 million donation from Donald Gordon was split evenly between the Royal Opera House and WalesMillennium Centre and was spread over five years. This is believed to be the largest single private donation ever

made to the arts in the UK.[15]

Phase 1 – Donald Gordon Theatre and Weston Studio Theatre

The 1999 sketch of the Wales Millennium Centre

by Jonathan Adams

In addition to the two main theatres of the Donald Gordon Theatre and

Weston Studio Theatre, the 37000-square-metre ( sq ft) phase 1 of the

Wales Millennium Centre also has six function rooms: the Victor Salvi

Room, the David Morgan Room, the Sony Room, the Seligman Room,

the Japan Room and Function Room 6.

[7]

The Urdd Gobaith Cymruhouses a 140-bed hostel, as well as performance and teaching space.

The Urdd Hall has 153 retractable seats and is under the control of the

Urdd Gobaith Cymru.[16]

The building also includes rehearsal rooms, orchestral facilities for the

Welsh National Opera, dance studios for Diversions, called The Dance

House, and the Blue Room, with seating for up to 100.

The foyer has three bars; the Penderyn Awen Foyer Bar on level 2, the Horizons Foyer Bar on level 4, and the

Stones Foyer Bar on level 5.[17] Gilby's @ the Bay, which is a restaurant, is also situated in the foyer, along Crema,

which is a coffee shop, Hufen, which is an Ice cream parlour and One, which is a wine bar. [17] Free performances

also take place during the day in the foyer on the Glanfa Stage.[18]

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Wales Millennium Centre 3

Design and construction

The Centre was designed by Jonathan Adams, of local architects, Capita Percy Thomas, with Arup Acoustics

providing the acoustic design and Arup as building engineer. His first concept drawings were made in the early

1998,[19] by 1999 his design was starting to look more like the building it is today.

During construction of phase 1

Construction began on 25 February 2002, the main contractor being Sir

Robert McAlpine Ltd[20] and Kelsey Roofing Industries Ltd being theroofing contractor.[21] Carr and Angier were the theatre consultants.[22]

Other contractors included Stent (foundations), Swansea Institute

(glass), GH James Cyf (stonemasonry), Rimex (stainless steel), Alfred

McAlpine (slate), Coed Cymru (wood), Ann Catrin Evans (door

furniture), Amber Hiscott (etchings on glass walls).[22]

The architect's concept of the building was to design a building that

expressed "Welshness" and that was instantly recognisable.[22] The

building was designed to reflect the many different parts of Wales with

local Welsh materials that dominate its history; slate, metal, wood and glass.[23] All the materials used come from

Wales and was built from 1,350 tonnes of Welsh slate, 300,000 concrete blocks, a million metres of electric

cable.[24]

Slate

Slate: Multi-coloured layers of slate

The exterior of the building is clad in multi-coloured slate collected

from Welsh slate quarries. Narrow windows are built into the layers of 

slate to give the impression of rock strata they depict the different

stone layers in sea cliffs. The purple slate came from the Penrhyn

Quarry, the blue from Cwt y Bugail Quarry, the green from the Nantlle

Valley, the grey from Llechwedd quarry, and the black from the Corris

Quarry.[22]

I always loved going to Ogmore and Southerndown. I

thought the cliffs there looked like a building anyway. A

building capable of withstanding the roughest weather for

hundreds of years. The older they get, the better they look. I wondered if it would be possible to make a

building which had the same qualities as these magnificent cliffs. To do that I needed a lot of stone.

Normal stone for buildings has to be specially cut into blocks; it takes a long time to make and costs a

fortune. But in north Wales the historic slate industry has left behind whole mountains of waste stone

that no-one wants. This was stone cut from the mountainside for nearly two hundred years but which

wasn’

t good enough to make roof slates. Over 90% was thrown away. But it was ideal for making wallslike the one I had in mind... — architect Jonathan Adams[25]

Metal

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Wales Millennium Centre 4

Metal: Copper oxide coated sheet steel

The Centre's main feature, the bronze coloured dome, which covers the

Donald Gordon Theatre, is clad in steel that was treated with copper

oxide. It was designed to withstand the weather conditions on the

Cardiff Bay waterfront and will look better with age. The architect,

Jonathan Adams, decided not to use copper and aluminium as they

would both change colour with age and weather conditions.[22]

We all know that steel making has been important to south

Wales, just as slate making has changed the landscape of 

the north. We have to use a special type of steel that won’t

go rusty near to the salt-laden, maritime air of Cardiff Bay.

This stainless steel will be made near to Pontypool. For the Wales Millennium Centre I thought it was

important that the materials should have a "natural" texture, and that they should be instantly

recognisable to anyone seeing them, even from a distance. For this reason I felt it was important that the

steel of the shell should have the rough grain and the riveted pattern that we think of as more typical of 

old industrial structures, such as those that used to be commonplace around the landscape of the

industrial south. — architect Jonathan Adams[26]

Wood

Wood: Used on the balconies in the foyer

Both inside and outside the building, including the main Donald

Gordon theatre, the balconies and the rear of the building, is dominated

by bands of hardwood lining the walls.[22]

Like the exterior of the building, the principal internal

spaces are designed to make the best use of natural

materials in their natural state. The structure and detail of 

the concourse galleries echo the form of the exterior, with

the curving strata formed in native hardwoods. Oak, ash,beech, sycamore, alder, birch, chestnut and cherry woods

from renewable sources in mid-Wales will be used

together in proportions that reflect their relative availability from the forest. The design of the concourse

galleries is intended to evoke the image of the edge of the forest, partly as a counterpoint to the coastal

nature of the exterior, and partly because the edge of the forest in folklore and mythology represents a

line between the real world and the magical world, a line which resembles the front edge of the theatre

stage. The form of trees is created by the interweaving curvature of the gallery edges, and by the random

positioning of the supporting columns. — architect Jonathan Adams[27]

Glass

Glass: Bands of glass from the inside

Glass was used to incorporate into the bands of slate. The glass is

15-centimetre (5.9 in) thick and was cut and installed by the

Architectural Glass Department at Swansea Institute. Glass is used not

in the contemporary British architectural style of the glass curtain.[22]

Jonathan Adams said, "The glass veins in the external walls of the

Wales Millennium Centre make use of conventional glass in a unique

way: the sheets of glass are stacked together and fused in a kiln to form

solid blocks."[28]

Calligraphy

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Wales Millennium Centre 5

Inscribed on the front of the dome, above the main entrance, are two poetic lines, written by Welsh poet Gwyneth

Lewis. The Welsh version is Creu Gwir fel gwydr o ffwrnais awen, which means "Creating truth like glass from the

furnace of inspiration". The English is  In These Stones Horizons Sing. The lettering is formed by windows in the

upstairs bar areas and are internally illuminated at night.[22]

Calligraphy: Internal windows in bar area

The idea of this monumental inscription comes from

Roman classical architecture. The Romans broughtChristianity to these islands, along with the custom of 

engraving stone. The form of the Celtic cross embodies

the cross-fertilisation of indigenous and Roman cultures,

from which the Welsh nation first emerged. The

monumental inscription is a familiar feature of Roman

architecture. The inscription over the entrance of the

Wales Millennium Centre is a revival of this classical

tradition, and also a recognition of the formative influence

of Roman culture upon our nation. We’re lucky to have

two languages; one that we share with half the world and one which belongs just to us. Words in songs,stories and poems have helped to make Wales the proud country that it is. — architect Jonathan

 Adams[29]

Wales Millennium Centre at night

Gwyneth Lewis said of the inscription:

I wanted the words to reflect the architecture of the

building. Its copper dome reminded me of the furnaces

from Wales's industrial heritage and also Ceridwen's

cauldron, from which the early poet Taliesin received his

inspiration ('awen'). Awen suggests both poetic inspiration

and the general creative vision by which people andsocieties form their aspirations. [...] It was important to me

that the English words on the building should not simply

be a translation of the Welsh, that they should have their

own message. The strata of the slate frontage of the Wales Millennium Centre reminded me of the

horizons just beyond Penarth Head. The sea has, traditionally, been for Cardiff the means by which the

Welsh export their best to the world and the route by which the world comes to Cardiff. The stones

inside the theatre literally sing with opera, musicals and orchestral music, and I wanted to convey the

sense of an international space created by the art of music. — Gwyneth Lewis[30]

Creu Gwir Fel Gwydr O Ffwrnais Awen (Welsh) In These Stones Horizons Sing

(English)

"In These Stones Horizons Sing" is also an

orchestral work, which was composed by

Karl Jenkins, and commissioned by the

Wales Millennium Centre for the opening of 

the Centre on 29 November 2004.

Opening weekend celebrations

The building was officially opened on the

weekend of the 26, 27 and 28 November

2004. The ceremony was organised by Bryn Terfel, the creative director of the whole opening weekend.[31]

Day 1 – 26 November 2004

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Wales Millennium Centre 6

Plaque to commemorate the opening of the Wales

Millennium Centre

The day started with a speech from Lord Rowe-Beddoe, chairman of 

Wales Millennium Centre, who declared to the crowd that the

proceedings were under way.[31] This was followed by a speech from

Rhodri Morgan, the First Minister, who stressed that the new arts

centre belonged to the whole nation, that it was for all of the people of 

Wales and not just for the elite.[31]

The building was opened by Janet Thickpenny, a young mother from

Barry, who was chosen because her 40th birthday coincided with that

of the opening day.[32] A human chain delivered the symbolic key,

designed and cast by Ann Catrin Evans, to Janet with a fanfare from

the National Youth Brass Band of Wales to a Karl Jenkins specially commissioned work  In These Stones Horizons

Sing and the Centre was open.[31]

The evening celebrations began with Cymru for the World , which celebrated the achievements of five leading Welsh

artists; Gwyneth Jones, Shirley Bassey, Siân Phillips and the late Alun Hoddinott and Richard Burton, represented

by his daughter Kate Burton. This included tributes from Robert Hardy, Jonathan Pryce, Derek Jacobi, Nana

Mouskouri, Catrin Finch, Ruth Madoc and Ian McKellen.[31] [33]

Bryn Terfel started off with a short speech and introduced the Wales Millennium Centre singers and dancers, who in

hard hats and donkey jackets sang and danced the story of the construction of the building. They were later joined by

all 322 participants in a chorus,[31] including Gwyn Hughes Jones, Bryn Terfel and Dennis O'Neill sang a duet from

 Pearl Fishers. Diversions performed a new ballet based on one of Alun Hoddinott’s works. The Welsh National

Opera performed   La Traviata, in their new home. The evening ranged across all musical types from popular to

classical.[31]

Day 2 – 27 November 2004

The second day was an open door for the public to explore the Centre with a continuous stream of hundreds of 

people filling through the building from early morning until the fireworks display out in the Roald Dahl Plass. [31]

Day 3 – 28 November 2004

The final day of the opening weekend began with the arrival of Queen Elizabeth II, Prince Philip, and the Prince of 

Wales who met First Minister Rhodri Morgan and Lord Rowe-Beddoe, and marked the event by unveiling a

plaque.[31] Philip Madoc, Siân Phillips, Gaby Roslin, Michael Ball, Charlotte Church, Catrin Finch and Only Men

Aloud! were among the artists that entertained the audience during the first act. The second act was opened by the

Welsh National Opera and later the Kirov Ballet and Cirque Éloize entertained the audience.[31] Bryn Terfel ended

the celebrations.[31]

Phase 2 (C Bay) – BBC Hoddinott Hall

BBC Hoddinott Hall

Phase 2 of the Centre is home to the BBC National Orchestra of Wales

(BBC NOW) and the BBC National Chorus of Wales.[3] BBC NOW

moved from Studio 1 at Broadcasting House in Llandaff, which the

orchestra had outgrown since the late 1960s.[34] Phase 2 opened on 22

January 2009 with an inaugural concert performed by the BBC NOW

and conducted by Thierry Fischer.[35] Phase 2 includes the 350 seater

BBC Hoddinott Hall (Welsh:   Neuadd Hoddinott y BBC ),[36] also

known simply as Hoddinott Hall, which is named after the late Welsh

classical composer Alun Hoddinott CBE (August 11, 1929  – March

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12, 2008),[37] and the Grace Williams Studio, which is named after another Welsh composer, Grace Williams

(February 19, 1906 – February 10, 1977), and is used as a centre for education and outreach work. [38] Phase 2 also

has space for practice rooms, a music library, backstage facilities,[39] it also provides a four-storey office space for

Wales Millennium Centre and the Arts Council of Wales.[40]

Design and construction

During construction of phase 2 (C Bay)

Offices of the Arts Council of Wales (red brick) and BBC Hoddinott Hall (far right – blue slate)

The original plans for the Centre were that it would have a concert hall,[41] however the final design of phase 1 did

not include one. Space though had been left for a concert hall to be built in the future when phase 1 of the Centre was

opened in 2004, and construction on phase 2 was then due to begin early in 2005.[42] However, construction of phase

2 did not actually begin until April 2007.[43] Phase 2 was designed to fit into the Centre’s curved slate frontage, with

an upper part constructed from timber.[41]

The entrance to the BBC Hoddinott Hall from

within the Wales Millennium Centre

Phase 2 of the Centre was designed by the then newly qualified Tim

Green and Keith Vince of Capita Architecture, formerly called Capita

Percy Thomas and now part of Capita Symonds, with Arup Acoustics

again providing the acoustic design.[44] The main contractor was again

Sir Robert McAlpine Ltd,[45] with MJN Colston Ltd responsible for the

design and installation of all the mechanical, electrical and public

health services in the building.[46] Other subcontractors on the project

included URS Corporation, Davis Langdon and Hulley &

Kirkwood.[47]

Tim Green said of the building that the exterior of the building wasdesigned to be in keeping with the existing Wales Millennium Centre,

while the interior had a theme all of its own. "The concept behind the design of the interior of Hoddinott Hall was

that of a traditional Welsh chapel."[48] "The timber treatment at low level is very reminiscent of Victorian chapels

and the masonry above. The stonework you would normally get in a stone chapel has been replaced by concrete." [49]

During the design and construction period, the project name for phase 2 was C Bay. [46] [47] Construction of phase 2

began in April 2007,[43] and ended when the keys to the building were handed over at an official ceremony in

September 2008,[50] and the beginning of the fitting out of the BBC Hoddinott Hall by BBC Wales.[51]

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Opening Festival

To commemorate the opening of the BBC Hoddinott Hall an inaugural concert took place on 22 January 2009. It was

part of the Opening Festival which took place between 22 January and 1 February 2009. [52] The concert was

performed by the BBC National Orchestra of Wales and was conducted by Thierry Fischer. The concert included the

world premiere of St Vitus in the Kettle by Simon Holt, the orchestra’s composer in association, who took over from

Michael Berkeley. The BBC Hoddinott Hall was officially opened by the Prince of Wales on 31 January 2009,where he unveiled a plaque.[53]

Resident organisations

Offices of the National Dance Company Wales.

The Wales Millennium Centre is home to nine arts organisations:

• Academi - The Welsh National Literature Promotion Agency and

Society For Writers

• National Dance Company Wales - previously known as Diversions -

the Dance Company of Wales

• Hijinx Theatre - a theatre company that promotes community work,aiming to bring together people of all ages

• Touch Trust - providing educational touch and movement therapies

to people with profound disabilities and autism

• Tŷ Cerdd - music information centre for amateur and professional

musicians, including the Welsh Music Information Centre, Welsh Amateur Music Federation, National Youth

Arts Wales and Cyfansoddwyr Cymru (Composers of Wales)[54]

• Urdd Gobaith Cymru (The Welsh League of Youth) - the Welsh language youth movement

• Welsh National Opera - an international touring opera company

• BBC National Orchestra of Wales - The only professional national symphony orchestra for Wales

• Arts Council of Wales - The body responsible for funding and developing the arts in Wales

Corporate financing and rebranding

Wales Millennium Centre logos

style="background:none; width:180px; text-align:center;"

2004-2007

2007 to present

|-

|-

|-

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|-

|-

|-

|-

|-

|-

|-

|-

|} The total cost of phase 1 of the project was £106.2 million. The National Lottery Millennium Fund provided £31.7

million, a further £37 million came from The National Assembly for Wales and £10.4 million was donated by the

Arts Council of Wales.[22] In addition a private investor, South African businessman Donald Gordon donated £20

million to be shared equally between the Royal Opera House and the Wales Millennium Centre. The Centre also

received a £13.5 million loan from HSBC. The remaining funds for the project came from a major sponsorship deal

with the Principality Building Society.[22] Today the Centre has many corporations and public bodies who provide

sponsorship to the Centre.[55]

The National Assembly for Wales announced on 6 November 2007 that it was to pay off the outstanding loan of 

£13.5 million from HSBC and also increase the annual funding. From April 2008, the National Assembly for Wales

have given a grant to the Wales Millennium Centre with £3.5 million per annum for 3 years.[56] This would only

repay the capital debt and not any ongoing operating loss as the Centre remains profitable. The money used to pay

the debt came from unallocated funds from the Assembly's previous budget and it was said by the Minister for

Heritage, Rhodri Glyn Thomas, that the new money allocation would not come at the expense of other art projects

from other parts of Wales.[57]

The cost of phase 2 of the project was approximately £18 million, however the BBC does not own the building, they

have leased it for 25 years from the Lime Property Fund, which is a subsidiary of Aviva Investors.

[1]

The buildingwas built by Concert Bay Ltd, which is a subsidiary of Sir Robert McAlpine Enterprises Ltd who co-funded the

scheme along with Lime Property Fund.[46] [58]

In November 2006, Wales Millennium Centre announced that they would begin a two phase rebranding project. The

project was won by a local Cardiff company, Sweet. The first phase of the project involved a new corporate logo, the

second phase included the complete redesign of other marketing tools, such as brochures and advertisements. [59]

In popular culture

 Doctor Who and Torchwood 

The Cardiff Rift being ripped open, partly by the

TARDIS, with the Centre on the right

The Centre has made numerous appearances in film and televisionincluding Doctor Who, whose modern era is produced locally by BBC

Wales. It has appeared six times to date: as itself from outside in the

episode "Boom Town",[60] its marquee momentarily at the end of the

episode "Bad Wolf", its lobby as a hospital lobby in the far future in

the episode "New Earth",[61] briefly in the episodes "Utopia" and "The

Stolen Earth", and also in the final episode of series 3, "Last of the

Time Lords".[62]

The spin-off series Torchwood , has its headquarters, known as "The

Hub", set underneath the Water Tower, Roald Dahl Plass,[5] with the Wales Millennium Centre's frontage featuring

heavily through the show.

 Jones Jones Jones

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Wales Millennium Centre 10

On 3 November 2006, a record breaking attempt to gather the most people with the same surname, Jones, took place

in the Centre under the show banner  Jones Jones Jones, filmed for television by S4C. The record was broken with

1,224 Joneses filling the Donald Gordon Theatre.[63] The previous record was set in Sweden in 2004 when 583

people gathered who had the same surname of Norberg.[64]

Gavin & Stacey

Episode 1 of the second series of BBC TV show Gavin & Stacey was filmed in the Wales Millennium Centre. Thecentre was supposed to be an airport.[65]

Notes

[1] Morrison, Richard. "Hoddinott Hall, a playground in finest oak" (http://entertainment. timesonline. co. uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/ 

music/article5547646. ece). London: The Times. . Retrieved 2009-01-02.

[2] "Wales Millennium Centre - A landmark building for the performing arts in Wales" (http://wales.  gov.  uk/topics/cultureandsport/arts/ 

WMC/?lang=en). National Assembly for Wales. . Retrieved 2009-01-02.

[3] "Resident Organisations - Organisations working within Wales Millennium Centre" (http://www. wmc. org. uk/index.

cfm?UUID=D1A492FF-65B8-F208-5711DE6C8A2D1DAA). Wales Millennium Centre. . Retrieved 2009-01-23.

[4] "Plans to sell Millennium Centre site" (http://news. bbc. co. uk/1/hi/wales/1002523. stm). BBC. 2000-11-02. . Retrieved 2008-03-04.

[5] "'The Hub' - Roald Dahl Plass" (http://www. torchwoodlocations. com/hub. php). BBC. . Retrieved 2008-05-01.[6] "Have Your Say - Wales Millennium Centre" (http://news. bbc. co. uk/1/hi/wales/4041707. stm). BBC. 2004-11-26. . Retrieved

2008-05-01.

[7] "Function rooms" (http://www. wmc.  org. uk/index. cfm?UUID=A4D665A5-AAD6-393C-45B96FD2745D3D47). Wales Millennium

Centre. . Retrieved 2008-03-04.

[8] "Entertainment" (http://americanairlines. wcities. com/en/guide/entertainment/7/guide. html). American Airlines. . Retrieved 2008-04-12.

[9] Barber, Lynn (2008-03-09). "Zaha Hadid" (http://arts. guardian. co. uk/art/architecture/story/0,,2263977,00. html). London: Guardian

Media Group. . Retrieved 2008-05-01.

[10] "A monumental spot of local trouble" (http://findarticles.  com/p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_19960114/ai_n9636266). CNET Networks, Inc..

. Retrieved 2008-04-12.

[11] "Diva Zaha steals the show in Cardiff Bay" (http://www. bdonline. co. uk/story. asp?storyCode=3089962). Building Design. . Retrieved

2008-03-04.

[12] Darnton, John (1995-12-25). "Britain Rejects Welsh Opera's Plea for Financing" (http://query. 

nytimes. 

com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9A0DEED91539F936A15751C1A963958260). New York Times. . Retrieved 2008-03-04.

[13] Review by Raymund Ryan of "Opera House Lottery: Zaha Hadid and the Cardiff Bay Project by Nicholas Crickhowell" (http://www.

metropolismag. com/html/content_0498/ap98carf. htm). . Retrieved 2008-04-12. at Metropolis in Review, April 1988

[14] "Wales Millennium Centre site 'saved'" (http://news. bbc.  co. uk/1/hi/wales/945475. stm). BBC. 2000-09-29. . Retrieved 2008-04-12.

[15] "Donald Gordon donates £20 million to Royal Opera and Wales Millennium Centre" (http://www. donaldgordon. org/projects/royalop.

htm). Donald Gordon Foundation. . Retrieved 2008-04-12.

[16] "Theatrical Productions" (http://www. wmc. org. uk/index. cfm?UUID=198213CE-F3AF-D847-31B23075815D1592). Wales Millennium

Centre. . Retrieved 2008-04-12.

[17] "Eat, drink, shop" (http://www. wmc. org. uk/index. cfm?UUID=D16F0F2B-65B8-F208-57361988A23573A3). Wales Millennium

Centre. . Retrieved 2009-03-01.

[18] "Enjoy free performances" (http://www. wmc. org.  uk/index. cfm?alias=events). Wales Millennium Centre. . Retrieved 2009-03-01.

[19] "Building for the Nation" (http://www. bbc.  co. uk/wales/southeast/sites/wmc/pages/jonathan_adams. shtml). BBC Wales. . Retrieved

2008-03-13.

[20] "Work starts on Wales Millennium Centre" (http://www.  newswales. co. uk/index. php?section=Culture&F=1&id=5348). goholidays.net.

. Retrieved 2008-02-07.

[21] "Wales Millennium Centre roof windload analysis" (http://www.  whitbybird. com/projects/project. asp?id=344). Ramboll Whitbybird

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External links

• Wales Millennium Centre official website (http://www.wmc.org. uk/)

• Wales Millennium Centre on the BBC Wales website (http://www. bbc. co. uk/wales/southeast/sites/wmc/)• Wales Millennium Centre on the Welsh Assembly Government website (http://wales. gov.uk/topics/ 

cultureandsport/arts/WMC/?lang=en)

• Wales Millennium Centre (phase 1) on the Sir Robert McAlpine website (http://www. sir-robert-mcalpine. com/ 

projects/?id=500)

• BBC Hoddinott Hall (phase 2) on the Sir Robert McAlpine website (http://www. sir-robert-mcalpine. com/ 

projects/?id=8599)

• C Bay (BBC Hoddinott Hall phase 2) on the MJN Colston website (http://www. mjncolston. co. uk/projects/ 

view/23)

• Jonathan Adams, architect, discusses the Wales Millennium Centre (http://uk. youtube. com/ 

watch?v=rsLCOODJA50&feature=related)

• Hoddinott Hall on the [[Architects' Journal|Architects' Journal website (http://www. architectsjournal.co.uk/ 

aj-specification/hoddinott-hall-cardiff-bay-by-capita/5209225.article)]]

• Arup (http://www. arup. com)

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Article Sources and Contributors 13

Article Sources and ContributorsWales Millennium Centre  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=424246848 Contributors: Abberley2, Adambro, Aftereight, Angmering, Arpingstone, Autoxtl, Bardsandwarriors,Barrilha, Bjenks, C0nanPayne, CalJW, Choalbaton, Chris 42, Cmdrjameson, Cutmynoseofftospitemyface, Dangherous, Darklilac, Dave63, Dawd, Deb, Dylantozer, Electriccynic, Erianna,Fredrik, Gaius Cornelius, Gareth Wyn, Garik, Garzo, GusF, Ham, Hawkestone, Helios9, J Greb, JimmehPie, Jimp, Jllm06, Jmlk17, Jnestorius, Jongleur100, Jp.smythe, KJBracey, Khatru2,Kjlewis, Koavf, La Minturnesa, Lightmouse, Lotje, Lucky Luky, Macspaunday, Magioladitis, Martpol, Mattg82, Melaniewow, Mild Bill Hiccup, Moochocoogle, Nikai, Nouse4aname, Opark 77,Palfrey, Pcpcpc, Pearle, Platypus222, Pyrotec, Queer Scout, Radagast, RainbowOfLight, Rjwilmsi, Rls, RupertB, Sam Hocevar, Seth Whales, Sloman, Telsa, The Wednesday Island, Tholly,Thue, Trident13, TutterMouse, Tyw7, ViperSnake151, Viva-Verdi, Warofdreams, Welshleprechaun, Wikiwoowoo, 98 anonymous edits

Image Sources, Licenses and ContributorsImage:WMC Logo.png  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:WMC_Logo.png  License: Fair Use Contributors: User:Dylantozer, User:Seth Whales

Image:Cardiff Bay WMC.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Cardiff_Bay_WMC.jpg  License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 2.0 Contributors: grahamwell / Graham profile at Flickr website

Image:1999 sketches of WMC.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:1999_sketches_of_WMC.jpg  License: unknown Contributors: Seth Whales

Image:Wales Millennium Centre and Senedd under construction.jpg   Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Wales_Millennium_Centre_and_Senedd_under_construction.jpg  License: Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Contributors: Bratiaith profile at Flickr website

Image:Slate detail on Wales Millennium Centre.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Slate_detail_on_Wales_Millennium_Centre.jpg  License: Creative CommonsAttribution-Share Alike 2.0 Generic Contributors: Seth Whales

Image:Metal WMC 02.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Metal_WMC_02.jpg  License: Public Domain Contributors: Seth Whales

File:Inside The Millennium Centre Cardiff.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Inside_The_Millennium_Centre_Cardiff.jpg  License: Creative CommonsAttribution-Share Alike 2.0 Generic Contributors: Steve Fareham

Image:WMC Window.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:WMC_Window.jpg  License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 2.0 Contributors: artq55 profile atFlickr website

Image:Inside the Millennium Centre (2).jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Inside_the_Millennium_Centre_(2).jpg  License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike2.0 Contributors: grahamwell / Graham profile at Flickr website

File:WMC at night.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:WMC_at_night.jpg  License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 2.0 Contributors: plumandjello (LisaSinclair) profile

Image:In These Stones WMC.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:In_These_Stones_WMC.jpg  License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 2.0 Contributors:UnorthodoxY

File:Wales Millennium Centre plaque.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Wales_Millennium_Centre_plaque.jpg  License: Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike2.0 Generic Contributors: Anatiomaros, Man vyi, Seth Whales

File:Hoddinott Hall WMC.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Hoddinott_Hall_WMC.jpg  License: Public Domain Contributors: Seth Whales

Image:WMC BBC Hoddinott Hall.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:WMC_BBC_Hoddinott_Hall.jpg  License: Public Domain Contributors: Seth Whales

Image:Completed Hoddinott Hall WMC1.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Completed_Hoddinott_Hall_WMC1.jpg  License: Public Domain Contributors: SethWhales

File:Hoddinott doors WMC 001.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Hoddinott_doors_WMC_001.jpg  License: Public Domain Contributors: Seth Whales

Image:Diversions at WMC.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Diversions_at_WMC.jpg  License: Public Domain Contributors: Seth Whales

Image:Wales Millennium Centre-Old Logo.png  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Wales_Millennium_Centre-Old_Logo.png  License: Fair Use Contributors: User:SethWhales

File:Cardiff Rift (Doctor Who).jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Cardiff_Rift_(Doctor_Who).jpg  License: Fair Use Contributors: J Greb, Kathleen.wright5, Rettetast,Sfan00 IMG, Skier Dude, Tyw7

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