Wahana Lingkungan Hidup Indonesia www.walhi.or.id

Water crisis : re-allocation of agriculture needs

Dinar Rani SetiawanWahana Lingkungan Hidup Indonesia/WALHIFriends of the Earth Indonesia

Wahana Lingkungan Hidup Indonesia www.walhi.or.id

Water crisisJava : home of 65% population; 4,5% water

potential; 7% land

deficit by 13,1 billion m2

Nusa Tenggara

Need vs availibility

25,338,4

0204060

1

106 m

eter

2

availability need

Natural resources

Tap water

Quality and quantity degradation

Limited access (18% total population)• 41 % urban area• 8% rural area

Water access

Wahana Lingkungan Hidup Indonesia www.walhi.or.id

Indonesia’s future with MDGs

Jakarta (2010) *

- population : 9.222.547 - Water need : 637.245.931 m3/year - Realization : 305.584.000 m3/year - Equal to 45,38% covered we’re not getting any near

*JICA data

National (2015)Population covered : 75%Water need : 7.330.771.179m3/yearPercentage : 28,97% of total watershed

( = 49,76% agriculture need)-- assumption : water availability constant

200L/day (WHO standard)

MDG : To provide 75% water access

Decreasing of Water quantitiy

43.95230.569 25.300

0

20.000

40.000

60.000

avolu

me

(10

6 met

er2

1990 1995 2003

Wahana Lingkungan Hidup Indonesia www.walhi.or.id

Water right

• Water right supporter: efficient allocation unit and a solution of water crisis in urban and industry consumers.

• Water right lead allocation based on its economical status settlement, industry (Chile and Srilanka)

• Water Act No.7/2004 : not allowing the origin “water right” concept (ownership/entitlement)

• Regarding water crisis, reallocation of water from agriculture to other sector is inevitable

• This condition threats food security

Wahana Lingkungan Hidup Indonesia www.walhi.or.id

User composition shifting

This has already occured at

Brantas and Citarum Rivers:

• Domestic demands increase

• Industry demands increase

• Agriculture allocation decrease

Water shifts from agriculture

Wahana Lingkungan Hidup Indonesia www.walhi.or.id

Data Air BAku Untuk Pelayanan Irigasi, PDAM, dan Industri di DPS Kali Brantas (1992-2006)

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Tahun

(ju

ta m

3)

irigasi PDAM industri Total

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Wahana Lingkungan Hidup Indonesia www.walhi.or.id

Air Baku Dimanfaatkan di DPS DAS Citarum 1990-2006

-

1.000,00

2.000,00

3.000,00

4.000,00

5.000,00

6.000,00

7.000,00

8.000,00

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Tahun

(ju

ta m

3)

IRIGASI DOMESTIK INDUSTRI JUMLAH

Wahana Lingkungan Hidup Indonesia www.walhi.or.id

Other source: Problematic!• Water body (river basin, lake, estuaries, water spring)

- polluted, saline water intrusion, decreasing• Ground water

- un-renewable, subsidence, contaminated (e-coli form)

- North Jakarta reach 35cm subsidized in 10 years• Packed water

- expensive, litter

Wahana Lingkungan Hidup Indonesia www.walhi.or.id

Solutions and Alternatives• Restoration ecosystem to normalizing hydrology cycle.• Diversification staple food (1 kg rice = 3000 L water)• Develop new planting method to reduce the use of water• Public campaign to raise people awareness of water as

limited resource• Decentralization to facilitate citizen distribution

Wahana Lingkungan Hidup Indonesia www.walhi.or.id

Whatever the solutions we’re taking,

Risking Agriculture sector is uncompromised !

Wahana Lingkungan Hidup Indonesia www.walhi.or.id

Merci Beaucoup!