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BIBLIOGRAPHIC: Epoxy, for floor toppings, F. Ylterberg, CIVIL 'ENGI­NEERING, Val. 32, No.8, Aug. '62, p.40.

ASCE Moves Toward MoreEfficient. Information Retrieval

ABSTRACT: Laboratory tests and some field experience show that epoxyresin is a binder material which, when applied to concrete flaors, willprovide a, surface with good resistance to low concentrations of acids,alkalie~, and solvents that react with cement. Such a topping will alsowithstand the shock and friction af industrial use. The epoxy resin is mixedwith a hardener, aggregate, flexibilizer, and pigment (if desired). Thesematerials are mec'hani~ally mixed at th~ site, and applied to a concretesurface that has been brought to a sandpaper.like finish. The' toppingis ready for light use in two days and for full service in six day~ whencured at 70° F. The compressive strength of the cured epoxy is a quickguide to its 'chemical resistance. Compressive strength of the binder andquality and amount of aggregote determine the topping's abrasive re­sistance.

There is a great variety and a lackof uniformity in the use of languageamong engineers. Organization of vo­cabulary is needed for communicationamong the creato.; indexer, andsearcher. A technical thesaurus is anefficient physical form. of vocabularycontrol. A thesaurus is a vocabularythat lists possible synonyms for eachterm, indicates the higher and lowergeneric classes, and suggests additionalterms to describe a concept for usein either storage, or retrieval. Vocabu­lary control of this type is a necessityin an effective information system.

The EJC Thesaurus will be compiledfrom a list 'of words submitted by theseveral engineering societies. It will becontinuously updated by the iriclusionof new terms for an expanding term­inology. The first edition of the EJCThesaurus is scheduled for publicationduring 19('j3.

The abstract cards

Each abstract eard should have fourparts (see Fig. I ). Along the top will bea list of terms (key .words) indicativeof the content of the article. The num­ber of key words will be dependenton the number or materials, things,ideas, or, operations discussed in thearticle. Ideally all key words selectedby the author will already have beenincluded in the EJC Thesaurus; initial­ly, however, words will be used that arein general use by the civil engineer.

,Next comes the abstract, which isdesigned to indicate the content of thearticle in a few simple statements rath­er than by unconnected words, as inthe case of the key words. The search­er proceeds to this abstract if the keywords suggest that the article is whathe is looking for. Then, if he decidesthat the article is pertinent, the search­er needs the bibliographic informa­tion, so that he can get the actual ar­ticle from his file or from a library.Accordingly, this reference is placedat the bottom of the card.

A box in the upper right corner ofthe card permits the user to assign adocument-accession number to everyarticle he wishes to index. This num­ber is a serial number for use in hisown particular system-a referencenumber that enables him to refer backto the abstract cards, as describedbelow.

The card file containing these ab­stract cards will combine material fromvarious sources. Each user will, ofcourse, add cards from other sourcesas he may desire.

64L..-..o..-

65

search may range from the, Engineer­ing'Index to the flipping of pages ofpublications selected at random. Withthe introduction of ~arefully pre­pared abstracts and a more complete

. indexing 'system, ASCE will assistreaders with information retrieval.

ASCE is cooperating in a plansponsored by Engineers Joint Council(EJC). This plan is a major step to­ward better information retrieval ofengineering literature.,

Other societies are adopting the EJCplan. The American Institute of Chem­ical Engineers' and the American So­ciety for Metals have been printingabstracts for a number of months.It is expected that this program willlead to the development of: (1) AThesaurus of Engineering Terms,'and

,(2) uniformly prepared abstracts.Both of these are to be incorporatedinto:a uniform concept-coordinatedplan of information retrieval.

The' current (and basic) plan for auniform information-retrieval systemincludes: (l) A thesaurus; (2) an ab­stract card for each article, to containa list of key words, im abstract, bibli­ographic information, and an acces­sion number; and (3) a group of key­word cards-one for every' key wordused.

KEY' WORDS: floors, epoxy, chemical·resistant, concrete, tests

W:ith the January 1963 issues, ASCEwill initiate the publication of abstractsof articles published in both CIVIL EN­GINEERING and the Division Journals.The abstracts will be arranged in sucha manner that they can be incorporatedinto anyone of several index systems,depending on the reader's preference.

Reasons for. this advance will' be ob­vious to most readers. But some back­ground information may be in order.

H has been estimated that some30,000 technical articles are published~ery week throughout the world. Thisamounts to approximately a millionand a half articles a year in'some 60different languages. Of course, no onewill find all of these articles to be ofinterest, but nearly every engineer reg­ularly reads at least one technical jour­nal. Continuing surveys con.ducted byCIVIL ENGINEERING show that mostASCE members read,at least one other'technical journal in addition to. CIVILENGINEERING. Much of the informa-tion read will be used some time iil thefuture _by the reader or by an associate-if it can be found. How will thereader find the information when heneeds it?

Each engineer has had to answerthis question himself. Depending on'the facilities' and time at hand, his

;

FIG. 1. ,The abstract card contains key words, the abstract, bibliographic infarmation andan accession number assigned in an ascen'ding nllmerical order by the IIser. Thus this is the64th abstract card in the user's file. See article on page 40. '

Key-word card file

Many individuals, and certainly alllibraries, will find it highly desirableto take the next step in indexing. There'

42 August 1962 CIVIL ENGINEERING

will usually be one key-word card foreach key word in the user's system,and he is, of course, at liberty to useonly those terms he wishes (see Fig. 2).However, the more terms he uses, thebetter chance he has of retrieving thefiled information when he wants it.

There are many convenient ways ofpreparing th'is file, but for systems toosmall for computing machines, thefollowing method seems the best, com­promise: The user, after giving eachabstract card -its accession number,adds to each key-wo~d card the ac­cession number on the abstract filecard. He places the accession numberin the column corresponding to theunits digit (for example the number 64would be placed in the column num­bered 4, as shown in Fig; 3). This en­ables him to match numbers amongseveral key-word cards more easilywhen he is making a search. This op­eration of matching accession num­bers during a search is called "conceptcoordination."

Retqeving information is the re­verse procedure of storage. The indi­vidual user will go to his system withappropriate key words in mind. He willselect' the key-word cards and com­pare for matching. article numbers.Using the accession number, thesearcher can find abstract cards to de­termine whether the original articlesshould be retrieved. .

For example, the article in this is­sue' of CIVIL ENGINEERING (page 40)about epoxy for floor toppings wouldhave among its key words the follow­ing: floors, epoxy, chemical resistant,concrete, and tests. Ideally, in theuser's file each of these terms would

,have a, key-word card and the articlewould have an abstract card. Assum­ing the individual's accession numberfor this article was 64, the number 64would be placed in the column num­bered 4 on each of the five key-wordcards.

In searching for articles on epoxytoppings -for' concrete' floors,' 'tnesearcher would probably look at thekey-word cards for epoxy, concrete,and floors. He would look for those ac-

I. EJC-develop Thesaurus and coordinateactivities of engineering societies.2. ASCE-publish abstract-card materialwith key words, abstract, and bibliographicinformation. .3. Author and/or Reviewer-submit list ofkey words and abstract (maximum 175words) with article.4. User-cut out abstract-card material andarrange On 3-in. by 5-in. file cards. File ab­stract cards by the individual's own acces­sion numbers. Prepare key-word card foreach key word that he desires to include

,and list appropriate accession numbers oneach key-word card. :

cession numbers that appear' on' 'allthree cards. The number 64 would beone such number. The searcher wouldthen go to the abstract, card for arti­cle number 64. If the other key wordson the abstract card indicated that thearticle might be of interest, the search­er would read the abstract. Possiblythe abstract would provide the search­er with all the information needed. Ifso, the search would be completed. Ifnot, he would use the bibliographic in­formation to find the article.

The role of the author

Every author will play a primaryrole in this information retrieval sys­tem by supplying a list of key wordsand an abstract of his article alongwith his manuscript. Key words aresimilar to the subject headings used inordinary subject and author indexes.They indicate to the searcher whatprincipal topics are'covered~such'as

floors, epoxy, concrete, etc.There are two types of abstracts. In­

formative abstracts are comprehensiveand convey factual results, whereas anindicative abstract gives only a generalidea of what the searcher ,will find byreading the article. For the most part,ASCE will strive for informative ab­stracts. The scope of the paper is thegoverning factor in determining howinformative the abstract should be.

Procedures for preparinga good abstract

In preparing an abstract of his arti­cle, an author should follow definitesteps to obtain the desired coverage asfollows:

• Review the summary and conclu­sion of the paper.

• Review the text for additional in­formation and examine captions of ta­bles and figures.

• Write the topical or opening sen­tence.

• Complete the abstract by intro­ducing the what, how, and why of the'article. . ' - -

The topical sentence should includethe principal findings of the document.It should not be a restatement of thetitle of the article. Brevity, clarity, andaccuracy are the criteria' rather thanoriginality. Avoid starting with "thispaper presents."

Abstracts must be exact, concise,and non-ambiguous. The paper mustbe condensed but not altered. The ab­stracts must be kept to a maximum of175 words, exclusive ~f bibliographiccitation.

The following general rules for stylein writing abstracts should be followed:~ Use direct statements (active

voice) rather than indirect ones (pas-

'Tests I IIFloors ,I 1

Epoxy i I IrConcrete 1.1 . I

- Chemical resistant,--

-

FIG. ,2. Key word cords are made for each,key word that the user wishes to indude inhis 'subject' index file.

Floors

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 ' 7 8 9

60 52 ® 77

"

FI,G. 3. Each key word card is divided intoten columns numbered 0 to 9. The accessionnumber of every article containing the term(floors) as a key word Is entered on this card.The accession number is put in the columncorresponding to the last digit of the acces­sion number.

sive voice) whenever possible, withinthe limits of putting all the most im-portant facts first. .~ Use the present tense of', verbs

in describing conclusions and general­izations, and in indicating the contentof the document. Use the past tenseonly when describing the work doneand the observations made before thewriting of the documepts being ab­stracted. The verb should follow thesubject of the sentence as closely aspossible.~ Use complete sentences in all

cases.~ Employ short sentences, but with

,-variety in length and structure. (Begin=­ning some sentences with short phrasesor clauses is permissible or even de-sirable.) ,~ Avoid jargon and colloquialisms

whenever possible, aithough industry­accepted terminology and' commonlyunderstood abbreviations can be used.Phraseology that will confuse a foreignuser should be avoided. ' '

,,; Follow other" rules of moderngrammar, semantics and syntax. Forexample, use short, simple, familiarwords, not long abstract ones.~ Use single, positive words and

avoid unnecessary words.It is realized that the system de­

scribed is by no means perfect at thispoint. It is a start and it will be im­proved as experience is gained.

,-

CIVIL ENGINEERING August 1962 43

" DUTIES OF THE LIBRARIAN IN THE REFERENCE LIBRARY

The duties of the reference librarian is to see that

~~~\Jall ,material is properly placed in the in the library.

The first step in the care of the library is indexing

and filing of reports, catalogues, magazines, books, and

other library materials. The second step is the circu­

lation list mf indexed literature pertinent to the work

of the staff. Thirdly is the annual inventory and the

recall of checked-out materials. A thirty-day loan

basis has been established .on all reference materials.

Also each person using the library maintain~s their

oun individual sign out sheet. Maintenance of the

Jefferson Shelf is also very important. A monthly in-

ventory should be conducted and the shelves are to be

locked at all times. Next comes the handling of Fritz

Laboratory reports and reprints. And the final duty. ~

the maintenance of the files, reservations box, cabinets

and all other equipment in the library

\.

CLASSIFICATION OF REFERENCE MATERIAL IN THE LIBRARY

INDEXED ITEMS

1. "A" Reports - 9" xl:E2" Heavy A 000

2. "B~' Reprots - 5" x 9" Medium B 000

3. "c" R~ports - 9" x 12" Thin C 000

4. "FL" Reports - Frit~Lab. Rep:cBts FL 000.00

-/

5. Thesis, dissertations, class and/orcourse reports, and notes with noproject number. 354.00

6. NACA Reprots - with TR, WR, TM, and TN, no.

7. NASA Reports

o a. ASTIA Report-s

9. Reference Books

10. Jefferson Shelf Books

11. Fritz Laboratory Publications

UNINDEXED REPORTS

1. ASTM Standards

2. Periodicals

3. Catalogues

4. Sweet's Catalogues

INDEXING AND FILING

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS

All materials to be filed in the library must be

stamped with a Fritz Laboratory identification.

Materials to be indexed. All materials related to

Civil Engineering th~at are of interest to the staff

members are to be indexed. Literature in related fields

such as mechanics, metallurgy, mathematics, and physics

may also be indexed if they are of immediate concern to

research projects and courses in the department.

Materials not to be indexed. Bound volumes or perio­

dicals which normally have separate indices need not be

indexed. However, the library research assistatn should

see to it that the indices are always available and filed

with the volumes.

Articfres in periodicals may be indexed if they have

immediate special interest to the staff. Periodicals

of no interest to Fritz Laboratory Staff may be discards d

or sent to the main library.

RepDnt. Technical Reportss to be indexed according

to the procedures outlinde in this section include A, B,

C, FL, and 654 reports. The routine for indexing techni-\

cal reports is as follows: ~~~ _

1. Reports are given subject index numbers on

the TITLE PAGE. The subjcetnumber is given

by the research assistant assigned to the library

(See Appendix) He also indicates whetaer the

peport is fo~ listing or not ••

2. A Fritz Laboratory identification is stamped

on.

3. The reports are given file numbers according

to its classification in~. The numbers

~ are printed on the upper l~ft-

hand corner of the cover page. As the numbers

a are used on the list of file numbers they are to

be crossed out. *Note that special numbers are

assigned to reports coming from certain univer-

sities and agencies.

4. White index~ cards are prepared for each sub­

ject number assigned and for each author; If ~

there are more than two authore, only on principal

author card should be made up, showing all the co-

authors. Instructions for typing index cards are

given •

5. Stamped INDEXED at the upper reight- hand corner

of the Title Page.

6. If required, record on the list for circulation

7. File the cands. *Note if the reprobs are dup­

licates, dispose cards and report and us the file

number for other reports~

8. File report. I

Under the cfuassification of reference books include

books related to civil engineering, which are obtained

through Fritz Laboratory funds, donated to the library,

and books from the main library kept in the laboratory.

Reference books are indexed and file on the shelves

according to the Dewey Decimal Calssification use in

the Main Library.

DEWEY DECIMAL :CLASSIFICATION

The Dewey Number is assigned according to the

principal subjcet. (A copy of a book on the Dewey No.

may be borrowed form the main library and kept in the

Laboratory) •

The second part of the classification is obtained

from the eutterns Table, which groups the books alpha­

betically, according to the principal authors lats name

and the first significant word of the title. Fritz

laboratory Library has a copy of this table.

EXAMPLE: SURVEYING, by Charles B.IVJBreed. This

ciliassification number of this book is :. FL 526.9B 832 s

where FL

B

832

s

indicates that rofueebook belongs toFritz Laboratory. (LU books willalready have Dewey Numbers)

is the Dewey Number

is the first letter of the author's last name

is the Cutter Number for the author's last name

is the first letter of the title, disregardingarticles such as "the" and "a".

If a check reveals that the Dewey Number is duplicated

and additional number is added after the last letter, ie.,

FL 526.9 F832sl. A newer edition of a book is identifEd

by adding the last two numbers of the year, i.e. B832 s64.

-10

ROUTINE PROCEBURE

~lI~First a subject number, a Dewey Number, and a

"list" or "no list" classification is given to the book

by the library research assistant. Thesei are all in­

dicated on the Tille Page.

Next A Fritz Laboratory identification is stamped CQ

The the assigned newey Number is checked for dup­

lication by looking up the index catalogue. If the number

is" not duplicated, it is printed ont the back spine of

the book.

Index cards are typed for each subjcet index number

assigned, and for the author. Buff-colored carda are

used for FL books and Blue cards are used for Manin library.

stamp "INDEXED" at the upper right hand cover of· the

Title Pape.

If required, reocrd on the list for circtilation.

Fitle the cards

File the book on the shelf.

JEFFERSON SHELF BOOKS

Books on the Jefferson Shelf are part of a collect~

of the latest .technical books in the fields of civil

engineering. The funds from this collection cooo fnom

donations from Mr. P. O. MacQueen. The same indexing

procedure as for the reference books will be used for

Jefferson Shelf books except that the Dewey Decimal

number is preceded py the letterw JS instead of FL,

and Orange-colored index cards are to be use. A

separate list of JS books should be kept for quarterly

inventories.

Jefferson Shelf Books are to be loaned out on an

overnight basis only. These books are to be in the

library at all time betwwem 10:00 a. m. and $:30 p. m. ,

from Monday through Friday. (See FL Memo on Jefferson

Shelf Procedures, Appendix #)

Reservation will be taken on the first come first

serve basis. The shelves are to be kept locked al all

times. And only the librarian has the authority to open

them.

A monthly inventory list shomld be kept up to date

starting with the first of each monthl.

SUBJECTCARD

AUTHORCARD

EXAMPLE

.4 ~~.~~~.

r-I

{~C

1:> ky---.e ~

c ~.J..o.b-- \

I

-I .~~)~~

~~")IJ.

'A~ -

f' ~-

-

s:' n.-,h.. Jw..t.J:> ~'t-o.

I-

INSTRUCTIONS FOR TYPING AND FILING INDEX CARDS

Tne Subject Card has the subject numbers typed

in the upper left-hand corner. If there are two numbers

type one card for eash number, reversing the numbers567 623

each time. 623 for the first card; 567 for the second

aard. Then center the title and type all in caps.

Center the word BY and directly under that type the

author's name. And in the lower left-hand corner

type the date of the publication.

The AU~hor Card has the author's last name first

typed in the upper left~hand corner, then his first

name, and middle initial. Type one card for each author

in rotation as the subject cards. The title is done

as the sUbject card all in caps. In the lower left­

hand corner the subject numbers are typed. And in

the lower right the publication date.

FOREIGN PAPERSAOO

SOCIETY INDEX

The index cards should always contain the English

tranmlation of the foreign title. The foreign title

should appear fiest and the English title follow! in

parentheses.

write a Soaiety card in place of an author card

if there is no author listed. The card may be made up

for either the name of the organization that prepared

the report, or the name of the magazine or periodical

which issued the article.

FILING INDEX CARDS AND REPORTS

Subject index cards are filed numerically according.

to the subject index number and according to the alphabetical

order of the first significant word in the title.

Author cards are filed aphabetically, in the order

of the author's name and then in the order of the title

if an author has more than one paper.

Shelves are assigned to each of the different

classification of reports given in page These

reports are filed in munerical order in their pespective

shelves.

{j~CIRCULATION LIST

A listing of newly indexed reports which are of

interest to the staff is distriuuted from time to time.

It is desirable to send out hhis list periodically.

A sample of a circulation list is given in page •

CHECK-OUT AND RECALL RROCEDURES

All books filed in the library are available on a

30-day loan basis, except ~or Jefferson Shelf Books

which are available overnight only.

All reprots and books taken out form the library

must be checked out. The librarian keeps a check-out

file which must be filled completeely.

The librarian should see to ti that borrowerw

of verdue library material are so ntoified and requested

to return the material

UNIDEXED REFERENCES

-All available editions of the ASTM Standards are

kept on the bookshelf without ·indexing. The ASTM

publications are eeceived through the membership of

a Fritz Laboratory staff member, usually the library

director.

The handling of periodicals is outlined in a

PERIODICAL CONTROL FILE kept in the library.

Periodicals are classified into BOUND PERIODICALS

and UNBOUND PERIODICALS= Bound periodicals include

fUlletins, proceedings, transa~tions, journals, BIlagazil19

and other technical literature. Periodacals which are 0

minor interest to the staff are clipped or discarded.

Catagogues are list by the companys name

according to·their product classification. A s~parate

CATALOGUE FILE is kept for this purpose. The catalogues

are then filed in a designated aabinet drawer in alphabe

tical order of the name of the company.

Each year the McGraW-Hill Book Comapny sends a

complimentary copy of the Sweet's. Gatalogae. The latest

edition is filed onthe book shelf. Earlier can be discadec

or given to the main library.

CORRESPONDENCE

Fritz Laboratory Library corresponaence is conceraed

with loan and reutrn of library materials, sale of reprints

and Fritz Laboratory reports, and establishment of ex­

change of literature with other agencies and un~nversit~es

Correspondence on exchange agreements are kept in the

files permanently. All gother correspondence are kept

only for two years.

The Fritz Laboratory Library maintains several

w£change agreements with~encies and universit~es

around the world. These agreements are made primarily

to be able to maintain up-to-date information in the

reference library. A list of gaencies and uinversities

with which the laboratory has an exchange agreement is

given in page-----

EXCHANGE AGREEMENTS

The fritz Laboratory Library maintains several

exchange agreements with agencies and universitiies

around the world. These agreements are made primarily

to be able to maintain up-to-date information in the

reference library. A list of agencies and universities

with ~hich the laboratory has an exchange agreement is

given in Appendix 8.

SENTINEL MUNEBER

Brown University

David Taylor Mod~l Basin

Illinois Institute of Technoloyg

polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn

Universitybof Iilinois

National Bureau of Standards

waterways Experiment Station

A 1.000

A 500.000

AIOO.OOO

A1500.000

A 2000.00

A 2500.000

A 3000.000

PUBLICATION R@UTINE

1. Assign reprint numbers to author(s) upon request.

2. Give the author a "Publication Information Sheet"

to fill out a~nd return.~C'

3. Fill out;:1o copies of "Reprint Routine" check list

4. Route one copy of "Reprint Routine" sheet from (3)

to author(s) and projector director as a reminder

of their duties. When this sheet is returned to

library, you may assume "due notification".

ARRIVAL OF REPRINTS

6 • Affix neprint number and (9-istributednby ••••• st.amp

when appropriate.

7. Deliver reprints to the following:

A. If there is a sufficient number for distr.ibution:

a) Five copies to room 601 to be placed Gn record file.

b) Ten copies to each author (often taken by authors

before reprints reach library)

c)

d)

Ten copies to L. S. B. plus one copy for filing

Memo proceedure:J

- one copy to Dean (ENGR.) with memo from L. S.B~

- c. c. to G. R. J. plus one copy J~~~~- c. c. to S. I. C. plus one copt

- FI'I-L Q..() Pl-l t: 10 '0V_ b L " b<2-,er-n,. \{ (L (76 e/+;t. 0:i1 lASs f s ifJAJr

~\ . ~

-~ L I' blLiA (U torN '.s r:. of,t -, '/\/ I( o~ (n~ ,...I-

,.. P,Ny AIATI-10~'s' (!J2)p,'t:-. ~ A~ 'ct.J~

Cont'a

8.

9.

/J~!v One cotf~ to L. S. B. secretary for filing. ,~~'i) File remaining~esi in Room 703 for storage.

When sufficicent;reprint riumbers have been assignedsince the last publication announcement (say 10 reprints),notify thc Rescarch Assistant toe preJ?~re a new"pu~~!lf:~announgement for printing,~~~ t;,'7,J.....Ai--~'_~r._. '~~~c1v.¥aJ~t 'J.;J.r, {~aM' ro-----~'"";

Process the announccment for mailing and rcprint dis­tribution.

10. Complete "Reprint Routinc" checklist for each reprint.

REPRINT MEMORANDUM

If there is a sufficient number of reprints for

distribution, a memorandum is to be typed up. It is

to be set up in the following way:

LEHIGH UNIVERSITYBethlehem, Pennsylvania

Department of Civil EngineeringFritz Engineering Laboratory

FILE NO.

MEMORANDUM

TO: Dean A. S. Foust

DATE

VIA:

FROM: L. S. Beedle

SUBJECT: Reprint No. 254 - Driscoll, Lay, and Galambos

Start body

LSB:hjm

cc:

L. S. Beedle