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During my Internship, a market research report through secondary research in publiciations and company information.
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1
Very Light Jet (VLJ) Industry Report
In Comparison to Twin Commander, Inc
July 2006
By: Robert Kazmi
2
Executive Summary
A new trend is developing in the personal and business use airplane production market. This is
soon introduction of a new class of aircraft entering the industry is the very light jet classification. These
aircraft will be small, jet propelled airplanes which weigh less than 10,000 pounds and hold between five
to seven passengers. This class of aircraft is designed to be the best mix of small, affordable, practical
and performance. This new classification will fit the niche market standing between the high-end jet
propelled private aircraft such as the Lear Jets and the cost efficient and dated jetprop aircraft like those
made by the client, Twin Commander.
Twin Commander, LLC produced and now provides the parts, upgrades and maintenance for the
1000 Commander. This aircraft is one of the most affordable aircraft that can compete with the high-
end jet of Lear and the new class of aircraft, the very light jets. The 1000 Commander has a range of
over 2,000 nautical miles and seats seven passengers. However, the twin commander aircraft has a
much slower cruising and maximum speed than the jet propelled aircraft. Also the 1000 Commander
was last produced in 1986, this makes the latest aircraft over 20 years old; much older than the
competition with brand new zero flight time aircraft. Along this line, Twin Commander has to compete
with the jets “cool factor” and the negative brand image of jetprop aircraft.
Some examples of the soon-to-come very light jets include the Eclipse 500, Cessna Mustang and
the Adams A700. The Eclipse 500 is the product of start-up Eclipse, which has dreams of air taxis and
more access to private air travel. The Cessna Mustang is the very light jet entrant of the aircraft
manufacturing giant, Cessna. One of the most interesting entrants is the Adams A700. The A700 is the
most interesting because of both the design of the aircraft with its twin wing-mounted booms which
support the twin rudders and horizontal stabilizer and the publicity the company is already receiving in
Hollywood.
From the analysis of the new competitors and of the changing industrial environment, there
were a few recommendations, “Fight or Flight.” The Flight strategy would be to sell the company as is or
sell the assets of the company to various manufacturers. The Fight strategy would be to find a niche
market in which to market and promote the 1000 Commander as an affordable escape from commercial
airlines in business and personal use. With any strategy taken by Twin Commander, the management
must take into consideration their brand and product image and turning this around at placing a positive
spin on it through publicity, advertising and in fact all aspects of the marketing mix.
3
Twin Commander, LLC
Company Profile
Twin Commander, LLC started out as the Aero Commander in 1944. Aero Commander produced
a wide spread of piston driven aircraft. The company was acquired by Rockwell-Standard in 1958. In
1960, the production of the Twin Commander started with the 680T and 690 in 1964 and 1971. The first
jetprop commander was released in 1979. In February 1981, the Twin commander group was acquired
as a subsidiary of Gulfstream Aerospace. Under Gulfstream support, the final and most advanced Twin
Commander was produced, the Twin Commander 1000. The Twin Commander subsidiary was purchased
in 1989 by Precision Aerospace Corporation. They reincorporated into today’s Twin Commander, LLC in
2003.
The products that Twin commander offers include piston and jetprop aircraft. They also provide
the parts that continue to keep these aircraft operational. Twin Commander provides training and
resources to pilots and technicians to keep these planes in the air. One key aspect of Twin Commander
is the conversions, upgrades and enhancements. To keep up with today’s standards of propeller aircraft
and to keep the cost below that of high-tech expensive jets, Twin commander releases upgrades to their
aircraft.
Twin Commander owns their own sales and service facility to work on the Commander Series.
They also contract out and keep relationships with service stations around the country and global to
maintain and upgrade Twin Commanders. They have over 20 authorize aircraft service centers to work
on and maintain these aircraft. They also maintain a relationship with manufactures of parts to keep
replacements ready for the current users, so these aircraft keep working. Otherwise, the manufactures
might stop producing parts and Twin Commanders would quickly depreciate and become obsolete.
One of the key conversions is the Dash 10 engine conversion. This engine provides a faster
speed, further range, more fuel economy, less noise and general value to the aircraft. It is this and all
the other conversions, upgrades and enhancements that keep Twin Commander Aircraft ahead of the
other airplane manufacturers, both prop and jet.
4
1000 Jetprop Commander
The model 1000 is the most advanced version of the Twin Commander. The first version of the
1000 (695A) was certified in April 1981, and was the same aircraft as the model 900 except that it used
Honeywell TPE331-511k engines, better known as Dash 10. In February 1984, a second version of the
model 1000 was released (695B) that used Dash 10 engines, raising shaft horsepower output to 820 per
engine. This gave the aircraft a maximum cruising speed of 308 knots and maximum range of 2,080
nautical miles on 482 gallons of fuel. The maximum ceiling rating increased to 35,000 feet. Weight
ratings also increased slightly over the model 900. Minor structural changes were made to the 1000 to
accommodate the increased weight ratings and engine power.
The aircraft is loved by many pilots who prefer this fine example of turboprop technology to the
latest, expensive business class jets. One article by Bill Cox in Pilot Journal, highlights the advantages of
the 1000 and interviews one company that relies on their Twin Commander 1000 to move around the
country. The company is Farsight Studios of Big Bear, CA. Farsight Studios is a video game developer for
the current platform of video game systems. They use their Twin Commander 1000 to get around the
traffic of Los Angeles, and move up and down the west coast. They even went to the National Business
Aviation Association (NBAA) Conference in Atlanta nonstop last year.
Farsight Studio uses their Twin Commander to move their team of developers to clients who are
having problems with their games. They find the speed, range, comfort and affordability of the
Commander 1000 is ideal for their company. “With comfort and range, the Twin Commander is the ideal
plane for the money,” said Cox. He goes on further to say Farsight has plans to acquire a Phantom 100
and 300, but these very light jets will not replace the Twin Commander.
5
1000 Commander SWOT
Strengths:
1. Range: 2,080 nm
2. 7 passengers and 1-2 pilots
3. Short-field takeoff: 1,407 ft
4. Payload & Interior size
5. Maintenance
Weaknesses:
1. Max speed: 354 mph or 308 kts
2. Cruise speed: 348 mph or 302 kts
3. Age (last produced 1986, meaning the most recent Twin Commander is 20 years old)
4. Wow factor
Opportunities:
1. Be an affordable
2. Durable alternative to VLJs, piston and jet aircraft
Threats:
1. Affordability of VLJs
2. Speed and being phased out
Competition
VLJ Trends
The very light jet, or VLJ, is the newest type of aircraft to hit the sky. The National Business
Aviation Association (NBAA) defines VLJs are aircraft under 10,000 pounds and carry five to six
passengers. They usually cost a little between one and three million dollars. This new style has been
built to fit the niche market between lear-style jets and turboprop or propeller-driven aircraft. VLJs hare
faster than the propeller aircraft and cheaper to buy and operate than the lear-style jets. These aircraft
are for corporations that want to expand a fleet and for example provide better mobility for technical
and engineering teams. VLJs are perfect for smaller firms may want the first chance to purchase a jet.
The new trend of VLJs includes the use of new materials like plastics and renewable materials.
As well as the technology and avionics are advanced and economical. The first example is the plastics
that make up the bodies of the aircrafts. These plastics are made from renewable resources, this is due
6
to new ways of recycling. The plastics also make the aircraft lighter, faster and easier to produce and
maintain. The second example is the advanced avionics used to keep them in the air. With systems like
the Garmin G1000 and Avidence Entreaga, the new series of VLJs are well ahead of the competition.
Another example of innovation is the jet engines used in the VLJs. With new technology, laws
and developments, the new engines are more fuel efficient, produce less CO2 emissions and provide a
great mix of power and range. To go with the new engine developments, the production of VLJs has
become easier and faster. With the introduction of plastic bodies around aluminum airframes, airplanes
are not longer riveted together but casted together. One of the key production processes that have
been introduced is the advent of friction stir welding. Friction stir welding is when the skin and
underlying for aluminum structure are welded together rather than riveted, as traditional for aluminum
aircraft. Anti-corrosion bonding techniques were also developed.
The final element of the VLJs advancement is the exterior and interior designs. The exterior has
been commented as looking like a child-sized lear jet. But that is not necessarily a bad thing to look like.
The looks flow right into the performance and the practicability of the VLJ. The interiors of the VLJS are
modern, made from quality products and customizable to the order for the customers. The layout of the
seats, refreshments and, on some VLJs, the lavatory, is all customizable to each order placed.
The environmental impact of the VLJs is very little, if any. The raw materials, new technology,
and new production elements makes the VLJ production more environmental friendly than other
aircraft manufacturing. When the VLJs spread to minor airports around the country with smaller, more
local flights; the noise pollution will decrease at both major and minor airports.
Another big picture idea that many companies and some government agencies can project
happening is the expansion of air-taxi services. There are a hand full of companies including Taxijet,
Dayjet and Pogo that already operate this air taxi service. With their ability to land on short, rural
runways, low landing speed and other safety features, VLJs are perfect for the taxiing consumers around
the country. Duane Woerth, Pres. of Airline Pilot Assoc., said it’s more likely the new jets will swarm to
the busy airports about the 35 biggest airports, through which 95% of all air passengers’ travel. This is
the main concern of many commercial pilots, the traffic from these new planes will cause congestion
because they fly at the same altitude as regular commercial jets.
The FAA reports a prediction that in 2016 there will be 4,500 VLJs in flight and NASA reports a
more inflated estimate that in 2010 there will be 20,000 VLJs in use. The one assured number is there
are over 2,500 VLJs ordered already from Eclipse and Cessna.
7
SWOT Analysis of VLJ
Strengths:
1. Seats 4-8 people, with 1-2 pilots
2. Weighs under 10,000 lbs
3. Has short runway capabilities
4. Middle ground aircraft market, find the niche
5. Cost between $1 million and $4 million
Weaknesses:
1. Middle ground aircraft market, is there a niche? Or demand?
2. With trying to gain as much range as possible, there is no space for a bathroom
3. Cost between $1 million and $4 million
Opportunity:
1. Find the Niche Market
2. VLJs are the entry level jet aircraft that middle sized businesses need
3. Provide first opportunity of access to own business jet
Threats:
1. Laws: To deal with entire new class of business jets, new regulations have to be made about
the manufacture, flight, training and other aspects of this new aviation segment.
2. Traffic: In large airports, with large airlines, there is concern VLJs and air taxis will clog the
already clogged system
3. In small airports, with prop aircraft, there is concern the airports and air traffic controllers
will not able to keep up with VLJs and air taxi traffic
4. Competition: High end Jets: High luxury and space, most expense, fastest speed, high range
but no more than turboprops, more maintenance, more prestigious
5. Jetprop and Turboprops: less than both jets and VLJs, less speed, high range, dependable,
and same space and luxury as high end jets, just not as new airframe.
6. VLJs: low range, mid speed, less than jets, more than props, seen as trying to hard
Internal Environment:
1. Startup and New Business Ventures
2. Growing Awareness of Entire Category
External Environment:
1. Growing Environmental Concern
8
Sample of the VLJs
Eclipse 500
The first example of the VLJ is the Eclipse 500. This is a small six-seat business jet aircraft that is
manufactured by Eclipse Aviation. Airframe is designed with a T-tail and straight wings. The structure is
made from all aluminum to be cost effective, anti-corrosion and lightweight. To create this structure,
the new processes of friction stir welding. Another primary feature of the aircraft is how it is one of the
quietest jet aircraft and that it is quieter than virtually all turboprops and piston engine aircraft.
The problem with this specific aircraft is that the claims of the aircraft’s abilities are true in the
real world. For example, the company estimated the maximum speed 375 kts but the Eclipse confirmed
the maximum speed at 355 kts. Also the company estimated the stall speed at 69 kts but the Eclipse
confirmed at 67 kts.
Eclipse 500 SWOT
Strengths:
1. Capacity: 4-5 seats, plus 1-2 pilots
2. Max speed: 335 kts
3. Range: 1,125 nm
4. Taking off distance: 2,250 feet
Weaknesses:
1. Range is less than 1000 Commander
2. Speed is slower verus other VLJs
Opportunities:
1. Lots of orders coming in
2. One of the most popular VLJs
Threats:
1. High end jets
2. Turboprops
3. Laws
4. Testing before delivery
9
Cessna Mustang
Cessna is one of the most trusted names in aircraft manufacturing. With their introduction of
the Cessna Mustang, Cessna set the bar by creating their entry VLJ. With a price of $2.7 million, the
Mustang is the high end of the VLJs. The reviews of the Cessna describe the exterior, interior and
performance over the some design elements. One review was released by David Wihl, CEO of
SofthArtisans. The details Wihl lists are very technical and thorough and provide the exterior, interior
and performance. The following are excerpts from the review:
“The exterior of the Cessna has been commented as looking like an adolescent, or entry level
jet. The first negative observation is the quality of the stairs looks cheap and light. As the first part you
feel on the jet is the stairs, this is not a good first step. The next part of the exterior is the magnetic locks
on the doors feel smooth and rigged. There are many other technical aspects of the Mustang that shows
durability and dependently, like the HID lights and gas take placement in the wings instead of the
fuselage.”
“The interior of the Mustang is comfortable and one of the best built aircrafts in the industry.
The cockpit is well laid out and has plenty of room for both pilots. The cabin can range from 4 to 8
passengers. One of the most impressive interior features is the noise dampening technology that also
for a maximum of 81 dBA in the cabin. This decibel measure can be compared to the 80 dBA of a
telephone dail tone and 105-115 dBA of a rock concert. One of the luxuries of the Mustang is the in-
flight entertainment system of XM radio and surround sound.”
“The performance is much more than any of the current turboprops on the market. In no time,
the Cessna is up into the air after a short run out on the country airport. And the landing could not have
gone more perfectly for the first time flying the Mustang. When Wihl hit the brakes the plane simply
stopped; no fade, no fire and no shimmy.”
There is a main issue Wihl discusses is the absence of a lavatory. The lavatory on the Mustang
consists of a toilet seat and bucket surrounded by a retractable curtain. The lavatory is only for
emergency-use only and is placed between the pilots’ seats and the passengers’ seats. Some other
Cessna’s offer a relief tube, but the Mustang does not offer this feature.
10
Cessna Mustang SWOT
Strengths
1. Capacity: 4-5 passengers and 1-2 pilots
2. Cruise speed: 340 kts
3. Max speed: 399 kts
4. Taking off distance: 3,110 ft
5. Landing distance: 2,380 ft
Weaknesses
1. Range: 1,167 nm (less than 1000 Commander and other VLJs)
2. Lavatory
3. Cheap feel in some components
Opportunities
1. Large Loyal Customer base
2. Mixed with a new market and a proven formula for success
Threats
1. Cheaper alternative VLJs and Turboprops
2. Better feel of components in other VLJs
3. Not big step up to High end jet from the Cessna Mustang
11
Adam A700
This final example of a VLJ is the wildcard, the Adam A700. This aircraft, just like the other VLJs,
provides the value proposition by delivering exceptional performance and comfort at a fraction of the
ownership cost of a full-size jet. But unlike the other VLJs, the A700 implements a new radical design to
increase performance and comfort over the traditional jet aircraft design.
The radical design starts with the straight taped wings and twin wing-mounted booms which
support the twin rudders and horizontal stabilizer. The two jet engines are mounted on the sides of the
fuselage behind the passenger compartment. These elements the non-centerline thrust arrangement of
the A500 piston engine prototype that the A700 is based on.
When the hit film Miami Vice came out in 2006, the producers looked for a plane for the main
crime fighting team. “The Adam Aircraft A700 is the ideal airplane for Miami Vice, “said Adam Aircraft
CEO Rick Adam. “The A700 signature twin-boom profile reacts the level of high style & high performance
necessary to meet the standards of Michael Mann production and the footage shows off the airplane’s
extraordinary look, along with its superior speed and maneuverability.”
Adam A700 SWOT
Strengths
1. Capacity: 4-6 passengers and 1-2 pilots
2. Max speed: 382 mph
3. Range: 1,611 mi
4. Stability and Design
Weaknesses
1. Range
2. Max speed
Opportunities
1. Unique design
2. Good PR campaign
3. Set apart from the rest of the pack
Threats
1. Like the Lamborghini
2. Goes with cool instead of quality factor
12
Comparison of VLJs and Twin Commander
Exterior
The exteriors between the Commander and VLJs differ in many ways. The main difference is the
Commander is a turboprop and VLJs are jet aircraft. The main advantage of the Commander is durability
and sound structure of the exterior. The main disadvantages of the Commander are the age of aircraft
and the lack of a wow factor. The advantages of the VLJs are the learjet looks and modern structure. The
disadvantage of the VLJs involves the speed and amount of aircraft made. This means the mass
manufacturing process of the VLJs leads to sometimes cheap feeling materials.
The exterior of these different aircraft have different strengths and weaknesses. The 1000
Commander lacks the wow factor of the VLJs. The most recent 1000 Commander was most recently
made in 1986 and therefore is 20 years old. The VLJs all look generally like a child-sized or adolescent
learjet. But that is not necessarily a bad thing to look like. The Eclipse 500 has the airframe designed
with a T-tail and straight wings. The structure is made from all aluminum to be cost effective, anti-
corrosion and lightweight. The Cessna Mustang’s quality of the stairs looks cheap and light. The
magnetic locks on the doors of the Mustang feel smooth and rigged. There are many other technical
aspects of the Mustang that shows durability and dependently, like the High Intensity Discharge (HID)
lights and gas intake placement in the wings instead of the fuselage. The Adam A700 has radical design
elements that start with the straight taped wings and twin wing-mounted booms, which support the
twin rudders and horizontal stabilizer. The two jet engines are mounted on the sides of the fuselage
behind the passenger compartment.
Interior/ Avionics
The interiors between the Commander and VLJs differ in many ways. The Commander is older
but with conversions and updates, the interior can include all the modern amenities. The VLJs all are
new and using the most modern equipment available. The main advantage of the Commander is the size
and durability of the interior. The main disadvantage of the Commander is the age and older equipment
installed, or the need to update this old equipment. The main advantage of the VLJs is newer interiors
and trendy set ups. The main disadvantage of the VLJs is the small size and need for modern aviation
knowledge to fly the plane.
The interior of these aircrafts has many different positives and weaknesses. The 1000
Commander is 20 years old and the interior is mostly from the 1980s. There have been many
conversions that take time and is costly if done yourself, cheaper if bought with upgrades already done.
The 1000 Commander has all the features in all aircraft including tables, big chairs, lavatories and
13
entertainment systems. The interiors of the VLJs are modern, made from quality products and
customizable to the order for the customers. The layout of the seats, refreshments and on some VLJs,
the lavatory, is all customizable to each order placed. The advanced avionics of the VLJs used to keep
them in the air. With systems like the Garmin G1000 and Avidence Entrega, the new series of VLJs are
well ahead of the competition.
The cockpits are laid out well and have plenty of room for both pilots. The cabin can range from
4 to 8 passengers. One of the most impressive interior features is the noise dampening technology that
also for a maximum of 81 dBA in the cabin. This decibel measure can be compared to the 80 dBA of a
telephone dail tone and 105-115 dBA of a rock concert.
There is a main issue is the absence of a lavatory. The lavatory on the Mustang consists of a
toilet seat and bucket surrounded by a retractable curtain. The lavatory is only for emergency-use only
and is placed between the pilots’ seats and the passengers’ seats. Some other Cessna’s offer a relief
tube, but the Mustang does not offer this feature.
Engine/Engineering/Innovation
The innovation between the Commander and VLJs differ in many ways. The innovation and
engineering of the aircraft are state of the art, for their specific time periods. The innovation of the 1000
Commander is that it is comfortable, quiet and dependable aircraft made for the business and
government traveler groups. The innovations of the VLJs are lightweight, re-usable materials and made
to be affordable and provide value to the business and personal traveler.
The 1000 Commander is the first version of the 1000 (695A) was certified in April 1981, and was
the same aircraft as the model 900 except that it used Honeywell TPE331-511k engines, better known as
Dash 10. In February 1984, a second version of the model 1000 was released (695B) that used Dash 10
engines, raising shaft horsepower output to 820 per engine.
The trend of VLJs includes the use of new materials like plastics and renewable materials. As
well as the technology and avionics are advanced and economical. The first example is the plastics that
make up the bodies of the aircrafts. These plastics are made from renewable resources, this is due to
new ways of recycling. The plastics also make the aircraft lighter, faster and easier to produce and
maintain. Another example of innovation is the jet engines used in the VLJs. With new technology, laws
and developments, the new engines are more fuel-efficient, produce less CO2 emissions and provide a
great mix of power and range. To go with the new engine developments, the production of VLJs has
become easier and faster.
14
With the introduction of plastic bodies around aluminum airframes, airplanes are not longer
riveted together but casted together. One of the key production processes that have been introduced is
the advent of friction stir welding. Friction stir welding is when the skin and underlying for aluminum
structure are welded together rather than riveted, as traditional for aluminum aircraft. Anti-corrosion
bonding techniques were also developed.
Performance
The performance between the Commander and the VLJ is significant but comes with sacrifice.
The Commander has a longer range than the VLJs. The VLJs have a faster cruising and maximum speed
than the Commander. The take off distance is about the same for the Commander and the VLJs. The
ceiling of the VLJs is at the same level as most other commercial jet aircraft, while the Commander flies
at the same altitude of other turboprops. Overall, in performance, the two aircraft types are about the
same. The Commander is best in range and take-off distance. The VLJs are best in speed, rate of climb,
landing and ceiling.
See table below for performance statistics
Practicality
The first element of practicality is the comfort and space of the room inside the aircraft. Inside
the 1000 Commander, there is plenty of room for seven passengers and full amenities, including a
lavatory. The VLJs has enough room for four to six passengers and not many amenities, most do not
have lavatories or elaborate entertainment systems.
The second element of practicality is the dependability and ease of maintaining the aircraft. The
1000 Commander has been flown for over 25 years and has an excellent maintenance system. The 1000
Commander is very dependable and flows frequently. The VLJs are brand new and needs more
engineers and technicians able to maintain the new category of aircraft. The jet engines are new as well,
so they need more time in the market to be truly defined as dependable.
The next element of practicality is the cost of the aircraft. The 1000 Commander is priced
between $400,000 and $850,000, with some high luxury and recently upgraded and converted parts.
The VLJs are priced between $1.5 and 3 million. These are all new costs and made to each order.
The final element of practicality is the prestige of the aircraft. Adding an aircraft as a personal or
business asset, adds prestige to any person or business. The prestige is greater for jet aircraft, because
of the ultimate want for the learjet. Therefore, VLJs are considered as more prestigious than turboprops
including the 1000 Commander.
See table below for practicality statistics
15
Table of Comparison of Practicality:
Rankings Cost (low to
high)
Maintenance (least to
most)
Dependability (most to least)
Prestige (most to
least)
Space/Room (most to
least)
Passengers
Learjets 3 3 3 1 1 7
Jetprops & Turboprops
1 1 1 3 2 7
Very Light Jets 2 2 2 2 3 4 to 6
Table of Comparison for Performance:
Long Range (mi)
Max Speed (mph)
Cruising Speed (mph)
Rate of Climb
(ft/min)
Take off Distance
(ft)
Landing Distance
(ft)
Ceiling (ft)
1000 Commander
2,393 354 348 2,802 1,407 2,670 35,000
Eclipse 500 1,295 425 425 3,424 2,345 2,250 41,000
Cessna Mustang
1,324 479.56 391.46 3,010 3,110 2,380 41,000
Adam A700 1,611 391 382 2,550 2,950 N/A 41,000
16
Recommendations
To counter that entry of VLJs, Twin Commander is recommended to perform to actions. One
option involves Twin Commander’s exit from the marketplace. The second option involves a fight
strategy. The fight strategy involves targeting specific markets or niches and then expands the fight on
the wow factor of the VLJs.
Flight:
The flight option entails the exit from the aircraft market and plans to be acquired by a VLJ
Company with two options. The first option is the plan would be to find an organization that could
acquire the company in its present standing. The second option is to call the business a loss and sell the
assets to other aircraft companies. Both these are not very competitive options, and involve the loss of
jobs and of a historic company. This also means the current Twin Commanders in flight will be put out of
commission as the parts run out.
Fight:
There are two fight options involved in counter the new very light jet market. The first option is
to find the niche, probably the low end demographic. This low end of the aviation industry includes
high-end individual clients and mid-size business clients that need to move their teams quickly. An
example of this is the video game programming company, Farsight Studio. They use their 1000
Commander for community from their rural town headquarters into meeting in Los Angles. As well as
long cross country trips and occasional family trips.
The next step is to go after other niches and markets. Both of these series of steps should
include expanding to fight the wow factor of the VLJs. Imagine going after companies that have teams of
experts that need to be moved around quickly and at their own convenience. Another addition is that
they can land closer to the meeting than ever before. Aiming for teams of experts, executives, ad
agencies and consulting groups is a good start.
The second fight option is to merge or combine with a larger company like Cessna, Piper or
Gulfstream. This can be a buyout of the company or a sizeable share of the company. This way overhead
cost is down and Twin Commander can focus on providing its products and services.