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8/8/2019 VLJ AVIONICSphil
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VLJ AVIONICS
Phil Evans
Airspace, Network Planning andNavigation Unit
(APN) User Support Cell
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VLJ AVIONICS
Aircraft Certification Standard
FAA Part 23 EASA CS-23
Same BASIC certification as a light piston aircraft
Currently 23 differences between EASA andFAA certification requirements
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VLJ AVIONICS
Equipment to comply with JAR-OPS 1
SSR XPDR modes A/C/S and enhanced 8.33 kHz Comms
VOR
DME
ADF (unless opted out by OPR)
ILS (cat 1)
Marker Beacons
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VLJ AVIONICS
Equipment to comply with JAR-OPS 1
Area Navigation System (B-RNAV) RVSM Compliance
Weather Radar
ELT 406 and 121.50 kHz
Note: Individual states may require extra equipment
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VLJ AVIONICS
Optional Equipment
Stormscope Not required Radar Altimeter Not required
ADS-B Not required
TAWS B Not required
(E)GPWS Not required
CVR/CDR Not required
Moving Map Not required
**Note: Moving map useful for area navigation**
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VLJ AVIONICS
Optional Equipment
SBAS APV 1&2 Not required WAAS Not required
P-RNAV compliance Not required (1)
ACAS II Not available (2)
(1) P-RNAV OPS procedures increasing in the EUR region. Somestates may require mandate for certain terminal areas.
(2) NOTE: ACAS II is not (yet) mandated for Light Aircraft ongoingsafety study.
(3) System architecture? Can it accept ACAS II????
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VLJ AVIONICS
Avionic basics
VLJs have state of the art primary andsecondary flight displays. Clocks anddials have gone!
Screens are even bigger than those fitted tomany airliners
The first impression is that VLJ systems are
like those fitted to Boeing and Airbus, butthey are fundamentally different
Current AFM/POH and avionics OPS guides
contain over 1,000 pages of instructions
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VLJ AVIONICS
Avionic basics
Aircraft attitude, heading and positioncalculation requires inputs from:-
Airdata computers, AHRS, three axis
magnetometer, database and GPS. Loss of GPS signals causes system to go
into DR mode, TAWS and Terrain Prox are
disabled and position calculations degraderapidly.
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VLJ AVIONICS
Avionic basics
Accuracy and Integrity of navigation in DeadReckoning mode.
Under RTCA/DO-229C/DO-229D there are no
requirements for determining either theACCURACY or INTEGRITY of the navigationsolution during DEAD RECKONINGregimes.
Mitigations
May rely on gyros and raw ADC inputs.
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VLJ AVIONICS
Avionic basics
In DR mode VOR/DME may be manuallytuned, if in range.
In remote areas en-route DR mode could
develop into an urgent situation becauseof rapid loss of position accuracy/integritydue to unavailability of ground basednavaids.
GPS signal input is essential for normaloperations.
? Assurance of continuity of positionaccuracy ?
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VLJ AVIONICS
Avionic basics
Essentially single source nav system
No conventional inertial units fitted
No conventional FMS system fitted
Navigation unit cannot integrate DME/DMEsignals in order to provide a secondaryinput to a navigation resolution (as in aconventional FMS system)
Limited capability when GPS signal lost
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VLJ AVIONICSConsiderations for P-RNAV
Not all precision RNAV procedures are
based on GPS positions. Many are based onFMS DME/DME
Best solution is to have GPS/DME/DME
inputs to the navigation computer or FMS
Lack of capability could deny access tocertain airfields/airspace
Lack of aircraft capability could causedelays whilst awaiting conventional
procedures (conventional procedures willbe gradually withdrawn)
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VLJ AVIONICS
Future Performance Based Navigation
ICAO working group have defined conceptand implementation guidance in PBNWorking Draft 5.1 (Final) dated 7 March2007
Intention is to have defined globalstandards for navigation
Reduction in ground based infrastructure tosave money
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VLJ AVIONICS
Future Performance Based Navigation
Minimum navigation equipment not yetdefined. GPS only may be OK but individualstates may require more redundancy
GPS/DME/DME IRU systems thought to bethe preferred choice for all phases of flight
GPS/Galileo would be ideal BUT-
(a) Will Galileo be ready in time?
(b) Current GPS systems will not work with
Galileo transmissions
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VLJ AVIONICS
Performance Based Navigation Manual
Specifies aircraftRNAV performance in termsof:-
Accuracy - During navigation operations
Integrity - Malfunction of aircraft navigationis classified as a major failure condition
Availability
Continuity
Nav Signal meeting requirements
functionality
http://www.icao.int/pbn/Docs/9613_final_draft.pdf
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VLJ AVIONICS-END
Eclipse single engine concept VLJ