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Virtual Environments : Applications. Simon Julier, Anthony Steed Department of Computer Science University College London http://www.cs.ucl.ac.uk/teaching/VE. Recall Role of Presence in VEs. Person observing the displays behaves as if the VE is “real” - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Virtual Environments: Applications
Simon Julier, Anthony SteedDepartment of Computer Science
University College London
http://www.cs.ucl.ac.uk/teaching/VE
Recall Role of Presence in VEs
• Person observing the displays behaves as if the VE is “real”
• When might this be appropriate for an application– When full engagement is necessary?– When want to train for real situations?– Want to convey complex information that benefits from
a spatial layout?– Want to exploit human skills for exploring/understanding
the ambient array of information surrounding them?
Some Applications of VEs
• Simulation and Training• Pyschological Treatment• Medical Diagnosis / Planning / Intervention• Design• Scientific / Information Visualisation• Entertainment
Simulation and Training
• Extremely high fidelity VEs• Particular types of vehicle simulator have been
extremely successful– See Brooks’ paper web site “What’s Real About VR?”
• Successful because the situation of use is limited and “near-field haptics” (i.e. the cab of the vehicle) is a physical copy!– Also one of the very few applications that often uses
motion platforms
Flight Simulator
www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/PAO/images/fullsize/flight.simulator.jpg
CAE Airbus 380 Simulator
Ship Bridge Simulator
Battle simulation
Psychological Treatment
• Some types of phobias and stressful events are best treated through exposure therapy– Exposure to feared stimulus repeatedly and for
prolonged period leads to habituation and extinction– Based on learning principles– Reliable findings
• Therapeutic Exposure– Stimulus must be carefully controlled
Fear of Heights - GVU Centre, Georgia Institute of Technology
Arachnophobia - EVL, University of Illinosis, Chicago
Treatment of Phobias
Fear of Public Speaking
COVEN (David-Paul Pertaub and others)
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
Post-traumatic stress disorder: Virtual Vietnam from www.virtuallybetter.com
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
Medical Diagnosis / Planning / Intervention
• Modern medical sensing technology produces a plethora of data– Multi-modal– 3D– Time varying
• Doctors and surgeons have to understand the spatial relationship of this data to use it effectively
Virtual Colonoscopy
Virtual Colonoscopy
Non-invasive MRI used to generate model of colon; colon visualised using “catheter view” of data
Image-Guided Surgery
Super-Imposing View of a Tumour Over a Microscope
QuickTime™ and aYUV420 codec decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Courtesy of Professor David Hawkes, Medical Imaging, Dept. Computer Science, UCL
Medical Virtual Reality
http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/npr/rego/update3/nasmed1.jpg
Design and Evaluation
• Designing products can be extremely expensive– Multiple iterations must be built as physical mockups
• Initial construction costs• Time waiting for the mockups to be built
• Mockups cannot be fully functional– In aircraft, can’t necessarily have real, active controls
• VEs offer a way to design, prototype and test what things will look like
Car Exterior Design
http://www.barco.com/projection_systems/images/CadWall_big.jpg
Car Interior Design
Courtesy of Randall Smith, General Motors
Architecture and Construction
Complex Construction Design
http://aig.cs.man.ac.uk/gallery
Complex Assembly, Maintenance and Repair
http://aig.cs.man.ac.uk/gallery/divipro
Scientific / Information Visualisation
• Complicated data sets are becoming easier to come by– Accurate physical simulations of weather,
measurements from distributed sensor networks, etc.
• This data is often multi-dimensional and difficult to analyse
• By turning the data into something tangible that is visualised, detection and discovery is enabled
Scientific Visualisation
Using a cave to explore a complex biologicalstructure.
THE CAVETracking spinal cord development using CRUMBS. (Rachael Brady, NCSA) archive.ncsa.uiuc.edu/Divisions/ExternalPrograms/access-dc/rachel.jpg
Virtual Windtunnel - NASA Ames Photo Archive
Scientific Visualisation
Forensics for Car Crash Analysis
Courtesy of Curtis Miller, Miller Visualization
Oil and Gas Exploration
• Networked Visualization in the Oil and Gas Industry http://www.sgi.com/features/2001/jun/statoil/
Collaboration and Entertainment
• The applications so far have mostly involved interaction with data– Visualisation of data / design / engineering
• However, VE systems can be used to support collaboration between people as well
• And, of course, VEs can be used for entertainment as well
Telecollaboration: ‘Office of the Future’
• Camera based reconstruction of an environment and tracking of person
UNC CH
Telecollaboration: Virtual Acting
Digital VCE, COVEN
Entertainment
resumbrae.com/talks/vassar/images/Aladdin4.jpg www.strayvr.com
Improving User’s Experience at the Dentist
Summary
Some applications are possible with extremely cheap hardware– E.g. treatment of arachnophobia
• As applications get more complex must trade off utility against the often onerous cost of engineering the system
• The most expensive “VR” applications are probably flight simulators, but the simulator is still cheaper than flying the real thing