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Virginia’s BEACH Monitoring Program. Michele M. Monti Division of Zoonotic and Environmental Epidemiology Office of Epidemiology Virginia Department of Health. Virginia’s BEACH Monitoring Program. BEACH Act of 2000 Beaches Environmental Assessment and Coastal Health Act – 10/10/2000 - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Virginia’s BEACH Monitoring Program
Michele M. Monti
Division of Zoonotic and
Environmental Epidemiology
Office of Epidemiology
Virginia Department of Health
Virginia’s BEACH Monitoring Program
BEACH Act of 2000– Beaches Environmental Assessment and Coastal Health
Act – 10/10/2000
– beaches in VA had been monitored since 1960’s Norfolk & VA Beach
– EPA BEACH Act funds created a state-coordinated program in VDH starting in December 2001
– funds used for 2002 monitoring season @ VA Beach and Norfolk
Virginia’s BEACH Monitoring ProgramSampling conducted by local health departments or health districtsVirginia Beach and Norfolk – long-term monitoring programs - 2002 fundsHampton, Newport News/Yorktown, King George Co. began beach monitoring in 2003Eastern Shore and Gloucester in 2004Festival Beach in Mathews Co. in 2006
Virginia’s BEACH Monitoring Program
What are the requirements?– States must adopt EPA Bacteria Criteria for
Recreational Waters
VA Water Quality Standards – Effective 1/15/03
Freshwater Marine waters
Geometric mean (from 2 or more samples in same calendar month)
E. coli - 126/100 ml
Geometric mean (from 2 or more samples in same calendar month)
enterococci - 35/100 ml
Single sample maximum
E. coli - 235/100 ml
Single sample maximum
enterococci – 104/100 ml
Indicator Organism for Virginia’s Marine waters Enterococci Enterococci instead of E. coli because
enterococci has been found to be a better indicator of gastrointestinal illness in swimmers.
EPA single sample standard for enterococci: Cannot exceed 104 cfu
At 105 cfu or above, we issue a swimming advisory
Waterborne Pathogens
Enteric organisms - found in fecal wastes– Giardia, Cryptosporidium, Campylobacter,
Salmonella, E. coli, Hepatitis A, norovirus
Indigenous organisms - naturally occurring in marine/estuarine environments– Vibrio, Mycobacterium
Sources of Contaminants
Stormwater drainpipes Pets (esp. dogs) Boat holding tanks Wildlife (waterfowl, raccoons, deer, etc.) Overflows at pumping stations, sewage
treatment plants, residential & commercial sewage overflows (i.e., septic and sewer backups/failures/ overflows)
Virginia’s BEACH Monitoring Program
What are the requirements?– States must adopt EPA Bacteria Criteria for
Recreational Waters– States must submit beach water quality
monitoring and notification data to EPA• XML schema - STORET
– 1x/year submission
• Web-enabled database for bacteria data - 2007
Virginia’s BEACH Monitoring Program
What are the requirements?– States must adopt EPA Bacteria Criteria for
Recreational Waters– States must submit beach water quality
monitoring and notification data to EPA– Monitoring Plan – frequency, locations
• QA/QC plan; tiered monitoring plan; protocols for sampling collection and analysis; predictive tools (for anticipating problems; pre-emptive closures)
Virginia’s BEACH Monitoring Program weekly monitoring – all
beaches Tier 1 (48) season mid-May thru
September Approved QAPP –
includes protocols for sampling & analysis
working on rainfall & bacteria predictive model, not enough data, site-specific
pre-emptive closures/advisories based on rain and sewage overflow
Virginia’s BEACH Monitoring Program
Sterile 100 ml bottles used for beach water sample
Meters used to obtain dissolved oxygen, salinity, temperature and pH of water
Samples must be delivered to lab & analysis begun w/in 6 hours
Methods/Labs Used for Enterococci Analysis
Enterolert– VA Beach– Newport News
Waterworks
Method 1600 - MF– Norfolk– VDH -Shellfish Labs
• Accomac – eastern shore
– State lab – DCLS
Virginia’s BEACH Monitoring Program
What are the requirements?– States must adopt EPA Bacteria Criteria for
Recreational Waters– States must submit beach water quality
monitoring and notification data to EPA– Monitoring Plan – frequency, locations– Notification Plan – when and how to issue an
advisory; public scrutiny of monitoring plan; press releases, web page(s)
Virginia’s BEACH Monitoring Program
Reporting to the public Reporting to local govts VDH web page: www.vdh.virginia.gov
http://www.vdh.virginia.gov/Epidemiology/DZEE/BeachMonitoring/
Media Relations
Establish good relationships w/ your local reporters
Public Notification and Risk Communication Swimming Advisories
2004 – 11 beaches, 27 advisories, 114 advisory days
2005 – 8 beaches, 14 advisories, 43 advisory days
2006 – 4 beaches, 8 advisories, 43 advisory days (*33)
Hampton -
diverted stormwater away from beach; repaired crack in ww pipe
Newport News – illegal hookup of ww to sw; ghost ww pipe found and capped; illegal hookup of trailer park ww to sw
Problems: Solved
Microbial Source Tracking- VA Tech
Source tracking– Antibiotic resistance analysis– Dr. Charles Hagedorn
Fluorometer – human or animal?
Indicator/Pathogens Rapid Methods Study - VIMS
PCR Analysis (standard and real-time) – Dr. Howard Kator, Dr. Kim Reece– E. coli, Enterococcus faecalis/faecium,– Staphylococcus sp.– noroviruses
w/ comparison to standardized culture assays