Virginia Evans - Jenny Dooley - stanfordhouse.com.hk · future or present perfect (when we pass on messages, when we report the content of a letter or article while reading it and

ISBN 978-1-4715-3810-0

It’s Gram

mar Tim

e 4V

irgin

ia Evans - Jen

ny D

oo

ley

It’s Grammar Time is a series of four grammar books in fullcolour. Designed for learners of English at beginner tointermediate level, they systematically present, providepractice of and revise English grammar structures. Theseries can be used to supplement any main coursebook andis suitable both for self-study and classroom use.

Key Features• clear, simple situational presentation of grammar

structures through pictures and jokes

• attractive photographs and illustrations

• comprehensive theory boxes with examples

• a variety of graded exercises where students practisegrammar structures taught in context

• speaking and writing activities at the end of each unitaiming to activate grammar sturctures taught in context

• regular revision units

• further practice material

• regular Exploring Grammar sections

ComponentsStudent’s BookTeacher’s BookTest BookletTest Booklet CD-ROM

B1+

GT_4 Ss_COVER_Inter.qxp_Layout 1 3/23/15 1:45 PM Page 1

3

Contents

Unit 1 Present simple – Present continuous –Adverbs of frequency ...................... p. 4

Unit 2 Present perfect – Present perfect continuous ..................................... p. 10

Unit 3 Comparatives & Superlatives – Typesof comparisons ............................... p. 14

Unit 4 Exclamations ................................... p. 18

Unit 5 Nouns/Plurals – Countable/Uncountable/Plural/Group nouns .... p. 20

Unit 6 Linking words ................................. p. 26

Unit 7 Word formation .............................. p. 32

Exploring Grammar (Units 1-7) ............. p. 34

Prepositions of place/movement/time – Times words ................... p. 36

Phrasal Verbs I – Prepositions I ............. p. 40

Unit 8 Past simple – Past continuous –Used to – Would .............................. p. 42

Unit 9 Past perfect – Past perfectcontinuous ..................................... p. 48

Unit 10 Adjectives – Adverbs ....................... p. 52

Exploring Grammar (Units 8-10) ........... p. 58

Phrasal Verbs II – Prepositions II ............ p. 60

Unit 11 Future tenses .................................. p. 62

Unit 12 Time clauses ................................... p. 68

Exploring Grammar (Units 11-12) ......... p. 70

Phrasal Verbs III – Prepositions III ......... p. 72

Unit 13 The passive – The causative.............. p. 74

Unit 14 Reflexive – Emphatic pronouns ........ p. 80

Exploring Grammar (Units 13-14) ......... p. 82

Phrasal Verbs IV – Prepositions IV ........ p. 84

Unit 15 Reported speech ............................. p. 86

Exploring Grammar (Units 15) ............... p. 94

Phrasal Verbs V – Prepositions V ........... p. 96

Unit 16 Modal verbs .................................... p. 98

Unit 17 A/An – The – One/Ones .................... p.106

Unit 18 Some – Any – No – Every ................. p.111

Exploring Grammar (Units 16-18) ......... p.114

Phrasal Verbs VI – Prepositions VI ........ p.116

Unit 19 Conditional clauses – Wishes –Had better/Would rather/Prefer/Unreal past ...................................... p.118

Unit 20 The Infinitive/The -ing form/Participles/Too – Enough ................. p.126

Unit 21 Question tags ................................. p.134

Unit 22 Clauses of concession ..................... p.136

Unit 23 Determiners – Pronouns – Quantifiers .. p.138


Phrasal Verbs VII – Prepositions VII ...... p.150

Unit 24 Relative clauses – Clauses of purpose –Clauses of result – Clauses of reason –Clauses of manner ........................... p.152

Unit 25 Question words – Subject/Objectquestions ........................................ p.162


Phrasal Verbs VIII – Prepositions VIII ... p.166

Further Practice Material

Multiple choice questions ........................... p.171

Open cloze sentences ................................. p.174

Sentence transformations .......................... p.176

Word formation .......................................... p.180

Prepositions ................................................. p.182

Irregular verbs .............................................. p.184

GramTime Interm INT Cont.qxp_GramTime Interm INT Cont 1/20/16 19:24 Page 3

For teachers'

inspection ONLY

86

Reported speech1515Reported speech

Reported speech is the exact meaning of whatsomeone said, but not the exact words. We do notuse quotation marks in reported speech. We caneither use the word that after the introductory verb(say, tell, etc.) or we can omit it. James said (that) hewould meet us after lunch.

Say – Tell

• Say is used with or without a personal object. When used with a personal object, it is always

followed by the preposition ’to’ (said to me). She said, “I’m tired.” She said (that) she was tired. She said to me, “I’m tired.” She said to me (that) she was tired.• Tell is always followed by a personal object (told me). He told me, “I’m hungry.” He told me (that) he was hungry.

Expressions with say, tell and ask:

saygood morning/afternoon etc. something/nothing, etc., a prayer, so, a few words, etc.

tellthe truth, a lie, a secret, a story, a joke, thetime, the difference, one’s name, sb the way,one from another, one’s fortune, sb so, etc.

aska question, a favour, the price, after somebody,the time, around, for something/somebody, etc.

Reported statements• Personal pronouns, possessive adjectives/possessive pronouns change according to the meaning of the

sentence. “I’m getting my new PC tomorrow,” James said. James said that he was getting his new PC the next day.• We can report someone’s words either a long time after they were said (out-of-date-reporting) or a short time

after they were said (up-to-date reporting).

Out-of-date reportingThe introductory verb is in the past simple and the tenses change as follows:

Note: The past perfect and past perfect continuous remain the same.

Some words and time expressions change according to the meaning of the sentence as follows:

now ➝ then, at the time, immediately next week ➝ the week after, the following weektoday, tonight ➝ that day, that night two days ago ➝ two days beforeyesterday ➝ the day before, the previous day here ➝ theretomorrow ➝ the next day, the following day come ➝ gothis week ➝ that week this, these ➝ that, thoselast week ➝ the week before, the previous week

The professor said (that)they had to finish their

projects by the followingMonday and (that) his

assistant would explain howto hand them in.

Certain modal verbs change as follows:

Would, could, might, should, ought to, had better, used to and mustn’t do not change.

will/shallcanmayshallmust

needn’t

➝

➝

➝

➝

➝

➝

wouldcould (present reference)/would be able to (future reference)might/couldshould (asking for advice)/would (asking for information)/offer (expressing offers)must/had to (obligation) (’must’ remains the same when it expresses logical assumption)“You must be excited,” Paul told Susan. Paul told Susan (that) she must be excited. (logical assumption)didn’t need to/didn’t have to (present reference)/wouldn’t have to (future reference)

You must finish yourprojects by next Monday.My assistant will explainhow to hand them in.

Direct speech Reported speechPresent simple: “He sings well,” she said. ➝ Past simple: She said (that) he sang well.Present continuous: “He is singing well,” she said. ➝ Past continuous: She said (that) he was singing well.Past simple: “He sang well,” she said. ➝ Past perfect: She said (that) he had sung well.

Past continuous: “He was singing well,” she said. ➝ Past perfect continuous: She said (that) he had been singing well.

Future simple: “He will sing well,” she said. ➝ Conditional: She said (that) he would sing well.Present perfect: “He has sung well,” she said. ➝ Past perfect: She said (that) he had sung well.Present perfect continuous: “He has beensinging well,” she said.

➝Past perfect continuous: She said (that) he had beensinging well.

GramTime Interm INT Unit 15.qxp_GramTime Interm INT Unit 15 1/20/16 19:50 Page 86

For teachers'

inspection ONLY

87

Reported speech 1515

Look at the picture and the example on p. 86.

a) When do we use reported speech?

b) How do the personal pronoun, the possessive adjectives and tenses change in reportedspeech in the example? How does the modal verb change?

1

Turn the following into reported speech.

1 “John is always late,” she said.

She said (that) John was always late.

2 “You must hand in your term papers by

next Friday,” Professor Gavin told us.

...............................................................

3 “We got married three years ago,” Doris said.

...............................................................

4 “They will probably sell their house,” Tonia

said.

...............................................................

5 “I may need your help tomorrow,” he told me.

...............................................................

6 “I’ve been studying for my physics exam

since 7:00 am,” Jane said.

...............................................................

7 “You can ask Claire for advice,” Tom said

to Mary.

...............................................................

8 “We have baked a cake for Lucy,” said

Sandra.

...............................................................

2

Tenses do not change in reported speech:

when the reporting verb (say, tell, etc) is in the present,future or present perfect (when we pass on messages,when we report the content of a letter or article whilereading it and when we refer to sth sb says very often).

“Dinner is ready,” Mum says. ➝Mum says (that) dinner is ready.

“People use too much water,” the article says. ➝

The article says (that) people use too much water.

in conditionals type 2/type 3 or wishes“I wish I were on holiday,” she said. ➝She said she wished she were on holiday.

Tenses can either change or remain the same in reported speech when:

the speaker expresses general truths, permanent statesor conditions.

“The Earth revolves around the Sun.” he said. ➝ He saidthe Earth revolves/revolved around the Sun. (general truth)

the speaker is reporting something immediately after itwas said (up-to-date reporting).

“The cake tastes delicious,” he said. ➝He said (that) the cake tastes/tasted delicious.

when the introductory verb (say,tell, etc) is in a past tense.

“I’m moving to London next week,” she said.She said (that) she was moving to London the following week.

in out-of-date reporting.(Monday 2nd June) Stan said, “I borrowed a book from my sister.”(Thursday 5th June) Stan said (that) he had borrowed a book from his sister.

when we consider what thespeaker says to be untrue.

“Emperor penguins live in the North Pole,” Bob said to me.Bob said that Emperor penguins lived in the North Pole. (we know they don’t)

Turn the sentences into reported speech.In which of these sentences do the tenseschange? In which do they not? Why?

1 “Breakfast is ready,” Mum said.

Mum said (that) breakfast is ready. The tensesdo not change – up-to-date reporting.

2 “If I were you, I would save some money,”

she said to me.

...............................................................

3 “Camels are used by the nomads of the

Sahara Desert,” Mrs Abbott told her class.

...............................................................

4 “I can meet you outside the Fine Arts

Museum,” Sarah said to Alice.

...............................................................

5 “Jack must be sick. He didn’t come to

class today,” Beth says.

...............................................................

6 “The Louvre Museum is in London,” Eve

said to me.

...............................................................

7 “It’s time to go,” Jack says.

...............................................................

3

Tenses and time expressions change in reported speech:


For teachers'

inspection ONLY

88

Reported speech1515Reported questions

• Reported questions are usually introduced with the verbs ask, inquire, wonderor the expression want to know.

• The verb in reported questions is in the affirmative. The question mark andwords/expressions such as please, well, oh, etc. are omitted. The verb tenses,pronouns and time expressions change as in statements.

“What did you do after school yesterday?” Lynn asked me. Lynn asked me what I had done after school the day before.• When the direct speech begins with a question word (who, where, how old,

how long, when, why, what, etc.), the reported question is introduced withthe same question word.) “How tall is Meg?” Pam asked me. Pam asked me howtall Meg was.

• When the direct question begins with an auxiliary (be, do, have) or a modalverb (can, may, etc.), the reported question begins with if or whether. “Doyou like classical music?” he asked us. He asked us if/whether we liked classicalmusic.

Indirect questionsIndirect questions are used to ask for advice or information. They are introduced with: Could you tell me …?, Iwonder …, I’d like to know …, Have you any idea …?, etc. and the verb in the affirmative. If the indirectquestion starts with I want to know … or I wonder … the question mark is omitted. “What time do the shops open?” → “Could you tell me what time the shops open?”“How long will it take Jo to fix my PC?” → “I wonder how long it will take Jo to fix my PC.”

Can we pay by credit card?

They asked whether theycould pay by credit card.

Look at the picture and the example. How do tenses and pronouns change in the reportedquestion? When do we use if/whether? When do we use question words?

4

Rewrite the following questions in reportedspeech.

1 “Where do you live?” he asked me.

He asked me where I lived.

2 “Can I borrow your jacket?” Jenny asked me.

...............................................................

3 “Did you watch the basketball game

yesterday?” he asked us.

...............................................................

4 “Who is your favourite actress?” Bill asked

her.

...............................................................

5 “Who was on the phone?” Lucy asked Simon.

...............................................................

6 “Has anyone seen Bob today?” Jack asked.

...............................................................

7 “Will you sell your car?” she asked me.

...............................................................

8 Natasha asked Judy, “Which of these films

do you like best?”

...............................................................

9 “Are you still looking for a flat?” Joan asked

me.

...............................................................

10 She asked him, “What time have you

arranged to meet Richard?”

...............................................................

5 Yesterday, newspaper reporterHarry Hicks interviewed SarahMills, a famous ballerina. Turn thefollowing questions intoindirect questions usingthe verbs in brackets, asin the example.

1 “When did you first realise you love

dancing?” (I’d like to know) I’d like to know when you first

realised that you love dancing.

2 “How long have you been dancing

professionally?” (can you tell me) ...............................................................

...............................................................

3 “Which famous dancer do you admire?”

(wonder) ...............................................................

...............................................................

4 “What has the highlight of your career been

so far?” (I want to know) ...............................................................

...............................................................

5 “Are you performing anywhere at present?”

(could you tell me) ...............................................................

...............................................................

6


For teachers'

inspection ONLY

89

Reported speech 1515Reported orders/requests/suggestions

• To report orders, we use the introductory verbs order or tell + sb + (not) to-infinitive. “Get your feet off the table!” (direct order) ➝ She told him to get his feet off the table. (reported order) “Don’t let the dog out!” (direct order) ➝ He told me not to let the dog out. (reported order)• To report requests, we use the introductory verbs ask or beg + sb + (not) to-infinitive. The direct sentence

usually contains the word ‘please’. “Pass me the salt, please,” Tracy asked Jordan. ➝ Tracy asked Jordan to pass her the salt. “Please, please lend me your MP3 player,” Lucy said to her brother. ➝ Lucy begged her brother to lend her his MP3 player.• To report suggestions, we use the introductory verb suggest + -ing form/that sb (should) + infinitive

without ‘to’. “Let’s go away for the weekend,” she said. ➝ She suggested going/that we (should) go away for the weekend.

Look at the pictures and the examples. Which introductory verbs do we use to report commands,requests and suggestions?

7

Use the correct form of theintroductory verbs in the list tocomplete the sentences.

• tell • order • ask • suggest

• beg

1 He said to her, “Open the

window, please.”

He asked her to open the

window.

2 Alice said, “Let’s go shopping.”

Alice ..................................

.................. going shopping.

3 She said to him, “Please,

please don’t go away.”

She ....................................

............. him not to go away.

4 Dad said to us, “Turn down

the TV.”

Dad ....................................

........ us to turn down the TV.

5 The police officer said to him,

“Get out of the car!”

The police officer .................

....... him to get out of the car.

8 Turn the following sentences into reported speech.

1 “Don’t forget to make your bed,” Mum said to Ann.

Mum told Ann not to forget to make her bed.

2 “Please, stay with us tonight,” Cathy said to Liz.

...................................................................................

3 “Let’s stay in and watch a DVD,” he said to her.

...................................................................................

4 “Put your hands up!” the policeman said to them.

...................................................................................

5 “Please, please let me go with them,” Sonia said to her

father.

...................................................................................

6 “How about going to the arts fair tomorrow?” Beth said.

...................................................................................

7 “Get plenty of exercise,” the doctor said to Linda.

...................................................................................

8 “Don’t make so much noise,” my roommate said to me.

...................................................................................

9 The man said to the waiter, “Can you bring me a glass of

water, please?”

...................................................................................

10 The zookeeper said to his assistant, “Don’t enter the

animals’ cages.”

...................................................................................

9

Professor Clarence told the student notto use a pen to answer the questions.

He told her to write in pencil.

The dentist askedthe patient to open

her mouth wide.

She suggestedbuying that shirtfor his brother.

Don’t use a pento answer the

questions. Writein pencil.

Open yourmouth wide,

please.

Let’s buy thisshirt for your

brother.


For teachers'

inspection ONLY

90

Reported speech1515Reported speech

Introductory verb Direct speech Reported speech

+ to infinitiveagree*claimdemandoffer*promiserefuse*threaten

“Yes, I’ll do it for you.”“I saw a ghost.”“I want to speak to the person in charge.”“Would you like me to help?”“I’ll be very careful.”“No, I won’t take the test.”“Leave or I’ll call the police.”

He agreed to do it for me.He claimed to have seen a ghost.He demanded to speak to the person in charge.He offered to help.He promised to be very careful.He refused to take the test.He threatened to call the police if they didn’t leave.

+ sb + to-infinitiveadviseallowaskbegcommandencourageforbidinviteorder*remindwarn

“You should walk more often.”“You can go to the park.”“Could you come over, please?”“Please, please let me go.”“Attack!”“Go on, say what’s on your mind.”“You mustn’t park here.”“Will you come to the cinema?”“Tidy up your room!”“Don’t forget to pay the bill.”“Don’t go near the pool.”

He advised me to walk more often.He allowed me to go to the park.He asked me to come over.He begged them to let him go.He commanded them to attack.He encouraged me to say what was on my mind.He forbade me to park there.He invited me to (go to) the cinema.He ordered me to tidy up my room.He reminded me to pay the bill.He warned us not to go near the pool.

+ -ing formaccuse sb of*admit (to)apologise for*boast about/ofcomplain (to sb)

of/about*denyinsist on*suggest

“You broke the window.”“Yes, I lied to you.”“I’m sorry I’m late.”“I’m the best artist in town.”“I have a splitting headache.”

“No, I didn’t use your camera.”“You must finish in an hour.”“Let’s go out for lunch.”

He accused me of breaking/having broken the window.He admitted (to) lying/having lied to me.He apologised for being/having been late.He boasted about/of being the best artist in town.He complained (to me) of/about having a splittingheadache.He denied using/having used my camera.He insisted on me/my finishing in an hour.He suggested going out for lunch.

explain to sb + how “This is how you use it.” He explained to us how to use it.

+ that-clauseexplain

inform sbexclaim/remark

“I don’t want it because it’s expensive.”

“The results will be out soon.”“What a beautiful day!”

He explained that he didn’t want it because it wasexpensive.He informed us that the results would be out soon.He exclaimed/remarked that it was a beautiful day.

wonder where/what/why/how +clause (when thesubject of theintroductory verb isnot the same as thesubject in the reportedquestion)

He asked himself, “Where are my glasses?”He asked himself, “Why is Mr Peters soupset?” He asked himself, “What’s on TV tonight?” He asked himself, “How did John find outabout the surprise party?”

He wondered where his glasses were. He wondered why Mr Peters was so upset.

He wondered what was on TV that night.He wondered how John had found out about thesurprise party.

wonder + whether +to-inf or clause

He asked himself, “Will I have enough timeto finish my project?”

He wondered whether he would have enough timeto finish his project.

wonder where/what/how + to-inf(when the subject ofthe infinitive is thesame as the subject ofthe introductory verb)

He asked himself, “Where should I hangthe painting?” He asked himself, “What can I have forlunch?” He asked himself, “How can I print thephoto?”

He wondered where to hang the painting.

He wondered what to have for lunch.He wondered how to print the photo.

Note: The verbs marked with an asterisk (*) can also be followed by a that–clause in reported speech.He claimed that he had won the competition.


For teachers'

inspection ONLY

91

Reported speech 1515 Use the introductory verbs below in thecorrect form to turn the followingsentences into reported speech.

• claim • accuse • deny • boast • exclaim

• complain • forbid

1 “You’re always criticising people,” Emily

said to me.

Emily complained of/about me alwayscriticising people.

2 “What a pleasant surprise!” Ann said.

...............................................................

3 “You mustn’t take photos inside the

museum,” he said to us.

...............................................................

4 “I’ve won the lottery,” John said.

...............................................................

5 “No, I didn’t break the vase!” Rick said to

his mother.

...............................................................

6 “You lied to me,” Susan said to Tim.

...............................................................

7 “My son is the fastest runner in the team,”

Mr Parker said.

...............................................................

10 Using appropriate introductory verbs, turnthe following sentences into reportedspeech.

1 “No, I won’t help you,” she said to him.

She refused to help him.

2 “I’ll tell you the truth,” Sandra said to Chris.

...............................................................

3 “Let’s go camping,” she said to him.

...............................................................

4 “What a brilliant idea!” Amanda said.

...............................................................

5 “Yes, I am wrong,” George said.

...............................................................

6 “Go to your room at once!” Dad said to

Jimmy.

...............................................................

7 “The meeting will take place in the afternoon,”

he said to his boss.

...............................................................

8 “Fire!” the officer said to the soldiers.

...............................................................

9 “You should lose a little weight,” Miranda

said to me.

...............................................................

10 “I want to speak to my lawyer now!” the man

said.

...............................................................

11 “Will you come to the theatre?” she said to

me.

...............................................................

12 “I didn’t take your bag!” he said to her.

...............................................................

13 “You should enter the story competition,”

Mrs Smith said to Tara.

...............................................................

14 “You can wear my leather jacket,” James

said to his brother.

...............................................................

15 “Don’t touch the iron,” he said to the little girl.

...............................................................

16 “Don’t forget that we have a yoga class this

afternoon,” Cathy said to Richie.

...............................................................

17 “Yes, I’ll drive you home,” he said.

...............................................................

18 “Would you like me to make you a snack?”

Liz said to Frank.

...............................................................

19 “I’m sorry I didn’t believe you,” said Pam.

...............................................................

20 “You never trust me,” Kate said to Tom.

...............................................................

12

Complete the sentences.

1 “You should ask Professor Garrison for an

extension on your term paper,” he told me.

He advised me to ask Professor Garrisonfor an extension on my term paper.

2 “Turn around slowly,” the security guard

said to the burglar.

The security guard commanded ...............

............................................................. .

3 “Why don’t you come to our summer

house next weekend?” Maggie said.

Maggie invited .........................................

............................................................. .

4 “This is how you save a music file,” the IT

technician said to Helen.

The IT technician explained ......................

............................................................. .

5 “Is it a good idea to drive all the way to

Dublin?” Emma asked herself.

Emma wondered .....................................

............................................................. .

6 “Please, please tell me what you got me for

my birthday,” Brenda said to her sister.

Brenda begged .......................................

............................................................. .

11


For teachers'

inspection ONLY

92

Reported speech1515 Choose the correct sentence.

1 Melina said she had been a member of

Greenpeace since the year before.

a “I had been a member of Greenpeace

since a year ago.”

b “I have been a member of Greenpeace

since last year.”

2 Ben wondered where his cat was hiding.

a “Where is my cat hiding?”

b “Is my cat hiding?”

3 He asked Christina where she had studied.

a “Where did you study?”

b “Where do you study?”

4 She suggested going on a picnic.

a “I insist that we go on a picnic.”

b “How about going on a picnic?”

5 She told him to stop laughing immediately.

a “Stop laughing, now!”

b “Please, please stop laughing

immediately.”

6 Annabel offered to help me with the chores.

a “Will I help you with the chores?”

b “Shall I help you with the chores?”

13 Choose the correct item.

1 Paula ….. to Dean that she felt exhausted.

A said C asked

B told D informed

2 Karen suggested ….. Martin a graduation

present.

A to buy C that she bought

B she buys D buying

3 Nadia promised ….. my book the following

day.

A to be returning

B she’ll return

C that she would return

D she returns

4 Luke asked Mary how old ….. .

A was she C she has been

B is she D she was

5 Professor Grant says there ….. no lecture

next Friday.

A will be C was going to be

B would be D was

6 Murray complained ….. all the work

himself.

A to have done C of having to do

B doing D that he do

7 The trainer commanded the dog ….. down.

A it sat C of sitting

B to sit D that it sat

8 I’d like to buy this ring. Can you tell me how

much …..?

A does it cost C it cost

B it costs D will it cost

9 Angela ….. Patrick a secret.

A said C told

B suggested D asked

10 Adam told me that he hadn’t heard from

Alice since the ….. week.

A last C previous

B before D following

11 Claire insisted ….. a full refund from the

shop.

A on getting C to get

B to have got D about getting

12 Carrie advised her friend ….. so much for a

smartphone.

A that she wouldn’t pay

B not to pay

C she mustn’t pay

D of not paying

15

Turn the following sentences into directspeech.

1 Liz asked me where I had parked my car.

“Where did you park your car?” Liz asked me.

2 Tom told me he wasn’t feeling well that day.

...............................................................

...............................................................

3 Linda advised him to cut down on fatty foods.

...............................................................

...............................................................

4 She asked if we all had an Internet

connection.

...............................................................

...............................................................

5 He wanted to know if we had registered for

the charity run yet.

...............................................................

...............................................................

6 He ordered the student to stop talking.

...............................................................

...............................................................

7 Benjamin denied having stolen Jessica’s

idea for the project.

...............................................................

...............................................................

8 Belinda suggested trying the Thai restaurant.

...............................................................

...............................................................

14


For teachers'

inspection ONLY

93

Reported speech 1515 Complete the second sentence so that itmeans the same as the first. Use two tofive words, including the word in bold.

1 “No, I won’t tell you what happened,” he

said to me. REFUSED

He refused to tell me what had happened.

2 “You talked about me behind my back,”

Connie said to Helena. ACCUSED

Connie ....................................................

...................... about her behind her back.

3 “Did you enjoy yourself at the theatre?” he

said. IF

He asked me ...........................................

......................................... at the theatre.

4 “Yes, I broke the vase,” he said. HAVING

He ..........................................................

................................................. the vase.

5 “I’m sorry I didn’t tell you the whole truth,”

he said. APOLOGISED

He ..........................................................

....................................... the whole truth.

6 “I’ll come by tomorrow,” she said.

PROMISED

She .........................................................

................................................. next day.

7 “Where did you put my keys?” she said to

me. ASKED

She .........................................................

........................................... put her keys.

8 If we pay extra, they will upgrade our hotel

room. WOULD

She said that if we ...................................

........................................ our hotel room.

9 “Stop arguing or I’ll take you to the

headteacher,” Mrs Flannigan said.

THREATENED

Mrs Flannigan ..........................................

...................................................... to the

headteacher if we didn’t stop arguing.

10 “We can deliver your fridge next Tuesday,”

the shop assistant told us. INFORMED

The shop assistant ..................................

deliver our fridge the following Tuesday.

11 “Why is Pamela talking so loudly?” he

asked himself. WONDERED

He ..........................................................

................................................ so loudly.

12 “Don’t forget to collect my dress from the dry

cleaner’s,” Lily said to James. REMINDED

Lily ..........................................................

.................... dress from the dry cleaner’s.

16 Report what the people said at the partylast Saturday.

17

Speaking In groups of three, talk about two things

you did yesterday, two things you havedone today and two things you will dotomorrow. Take notes and later on reportto the class what your partners said.

John: I visited my cousins last night.

Peter: I watched TV last night.

Bob: John said (that) he (had) visited hiscousins the previous night, but Peter …

1 Ken asked if there were any moresandwiches.

2 Billy ...................................................... .

3 Emma .................................................. .

4 Mother ................................................. .

5 Father .................................................. .

6 Amy ..................................................... .

7 Sue ...................................................... .

8 Kelly ..................................................... .

Don’t forget to

order the pizza!

Does anyone

want more food?

This is the

best party I’ve

ever been to!

Shall I help you

select the music?

Are there

any more

sandwiches?

The cake is

delicious!

I’ll help you

clean up after!

When are you

going to open

your presents?


For teachers'

inspection ONLY

94

Exploring Grammar (Unit 15)

Reported Speech

a) Underline two examples of reportedspeech in the dialogue. How does reportedspeech differ from direct speech? How dothe tenses change in reported statements?What changes occur to pronouns and timeexpressions?

1

b) How are reported questions formed?What verbs are used in the dialogue tointroduce a reported question? Think oftwo more verbs/phrases to introduce areported question.

c) Underline a reported request in the text.Say how reported orders/requests/suggestions are formed and what verbs areused to introduce them.

Look at the highlighted sentences in thedialogue. Why doesn’t the verb tensechange in these sentences? When else doverbs not change in reported speech? Giveexamples.

2

Change the sentences from direct speechinto reported speech.

1 “Kate beat me at tennis yesterday,” Mary

said.

...............................................................

2 “How long have you been sitting here?”

she asked me.

...............................................................

3 “Have you set a date for your wedding?”

Georgina asked Paula.

...............................................................

4 “Don’t switch on the air conditioning,” Dave

said to Mark.

...............................................................

5 “Karen must be home because her car is in

the driveway,” Luke said.

...............................................................

6 “Janette volunteers for a local charity

organisation,” Keith said.

...............................................................

3

a) Circle all the reporting verbs in thedialogue.

b) Fill in the gaps with the verbs in the list,in the correct form.

• suggest • complain • accuse • apologise

• insist • threaten • beg • warn • boast

• advise

1 Maria ....................................... about the

quality of the food in the restaurant.

2 Sheila ............................ me to have some

tea with lemon to soothe my sore throat.

3 The landlady .................................... to

take him to court if he didn’t pay the rent.

4 Chris is always ........................................

about being an excellent cook.

5 My son ...................................... that I buy

him most of the toys in the shop!

6 Megan .......................................... buying

recycled paper for the photocopier.

7 Charlie ................................... to Betty for

teasing her.

8 Bob ............................ his sister to let him

have another go on her computer game.

9 Mum ......................................... us not to

go swimming right after eating.

10 Christina ........................................... her

colleague of hacking her computer.

4

Sam: Are you going to Stephen Landon’s lecture

tomorrow?

Ben: The famous environmentalist? Susan said

to me that he was giving a series of

lectures on campus but she didn’t tell me

the dates and times.

Sam: Well, there’s one at noon tomorrow. I

asked the department secretary to tell me

the full schedule and she informed me that

it had been posted outside the main lecture

hall.

Ben: Have you been to one of his lectures before?

Sam: He must be. My sister went to a talk he

gave on the environmental effects of global

warming last year. When I inquired what it

was like, she just exclaimed that he was

simply amazing!

Ben:

Sam: I’ve heard that too! So, do you want to go?

Ian’s also coming, and he suggested

getting some lunch after the lecture.

Ben: I’m sure it’ll be an interesting experience.

Count me in!

People say he’s a very interesting speaker.

Someone else has told me that he has

got a great sense of humour, too!

GramTime Interm INT explo 15.qxp_GramTime Interm INT explo 15 1/20/16 19:26 Page 94

For teachers'

inspection ONLY

95

Revision (Units 1-15)

1 ..... we reach the campsite, it will be dark.

A Until C As soon as

B By the time D As long as

2 Tim is a far ..... person than his brother.

A the most patient C more patient

B patient D most patient

3 Frank and Bill always help ..... with their

coursework.

A themselves C himself

B each other D ourselves

4 Tina ..... the gym and will be back later.

A has gone to C has been in

B has been to D had gone in

5 ..... inspiring speech!

A What C How

B What an D Such an

6 Sue said she ..... at the shelter the following week.

A will volunteer C is volunteering

B would volunteer D volunteers

7 Karen ..... very shy when she was a child.

A used to be C is used to being

B got used to being D would be

8 Paul ..... whether the last bus to the centre had

left.

A said C informed

B told D asked

9 The students were taking an exam when the

fire alarm ...... .

A was sounding C sounded

B had sounded D used to sound

10 Nancy has blonde hair ..... her brother has

black hair.

A despite C moreover

B whereas D besides

11 The company ..... dumping waste in the river.

A explained C refused

B denied D apologised

12 We ..... our groceries delivered every Thursday.

A are getting C have

B are having D have got

13 It ..... that there is a mistake in the report.

A is appearing C appears

B appeared D had appeared

14 Nick ..... the Internet for hours before he found

the information he needed.

A had been searching

B was used to searching

C has searched

D would have searched

A The Sierra Club was 1) .............................

(establish) in 1892, making it one of the

2) ........................ (old) conservation groups

in the USA. Over the years, this well-known

organisation has been very 3) ......................

(effect) at changing government policies on

the environment and protecting animals

4) ............................. the wild.

B OneWorld is an international organisation

1) ..................... works to improve the living

conditions of the world’s poorest people, by

increasing 2) .............. access to the Internet

and mobile phone 3) ....................... (apply).The organisation believes that these people

can find help, communicate with others and

educate 4) ................... through the Internet.

C 1% for the Planet is an organisation of

businesses 1) ................ members contribute

at least one per cent of their annual sales

2) ...................... environmental causes. The

organisation’s mission is to build a network of

businesses that are 3) ................. (financial)committed to creating a healthy planet.

Complete the gaps with the correct word.Then put the words in brackets into thecorrect form.

Grammar in Focus

Choose the correct item.115 The chemistry lab needs ..... new equipment.

A an C a

B some D one

16 Don’t worry, the paint ..... by the time you’re

ready to hang up your pictures.

A dries C will dry

B will have been drying D will have dried

17 All meals ..... by the tour company.

A provided C were provided

B had provided D were providing

18 I hope you ..... your mind and join us on next

week’s ski trip.

A ’re going to change C ’re changing

B ’ll change D had changed

19 The first moon landing ..... over 40 years ago.

A took place C has taken place

B used to take place D would take place

20 The police ..... for the robber since yesterday

morning.

A searched

B have been searching

C had been searching

D were searching


For teachers'

inspection ONLY

96

Phrasal Verbs V

go after = (tr) pursue The shop owner’s dogwent after the shoplifter. go ahead = (int) be allowed to happen; begin to

do sth Despite the actor’s injury, the play wentahead as planned. go away = (int) (of a problem, feeling, etc)

disappear; cease She took some aspirin to makeher headache go away. go back on = (tr) break a promise/agreement

Tom had to go back on his promise to join hisfriend on holiday.go in for = (tr) take part in (a competition) Annbelieves she is fit enough to go in for themarathon. go off = (int) (of a bomb) explode Luckily, theresidents left the building before the bomb wentoff. go on = (int) continue; carry on Sam couldn’t goon working such long hours. go out = 1) (int) stop burning The fire brigadefought the blaze for hours before the fire went out.2) (int) become unfashionable This style ofhaircut went out decades ago.go through = 1) (tr) experience Trey wentthrough hard times when he lost his job.2) (tr) discuss in detail The young couple wentthrough all the arrangements for their wedding.go up = (int) rise The price of milk is constantlygoing up.go with = (tr) match The colour of Bev’s sofagoes with the curtains.

hold back = (tr) control (tears, laughter, etc) Shecouldn’t hold back her tears when he proposedto her.hold on = (int) wait (esp on the phone) Pleasehold on while I put you through to the manager.hold on to = (tr) (of an idea, belief, etc.) continue

to believe The accused held on to his story tillthe end of the trial.hold up = 1) (tr) delay John was held up intraffic and missed his flight connection.2) (tr) use violence in order to steal Two men heldup the supermarket and stole hundreds of pounds.keep on = (int) continue despite difficulties Hekept on training despite his injury.keep up with = (tr) stay at the same level as

sb/sth Tim had missed several training sessionsand couldn’t keep up with his teammates.let down = 1) (tr) lengthen clothes (opp: take

up) Pat had to let her jeans down as they weretoo short.2) (tr) disappoint His job performance let hismanager down.let out = (tr) make clothes larger (opp: take in)

Karen had some of her clothes let out aftergaining weight.

Choose the correct particle.

1 Dave is a reliable man who never goes

back on/to his promises.

2 Ruth always held on to/on the belief that

her husband would eventually become a

successful businessman.

3 Kim decided to try her luck and go ahead/in for the acting competition.

4 Jason couldn’t hold on/back his laughter

while he was watching his favourite comedy

series.

5 Even though he was tired, he went on/outworking long hours.

6 Can you walk more slowly? I can’t keep

up/back with you.

1

Fill in the correct particle.

• with • up • out • away • on

1 She closed her eyes and wished her

problems would go ............. .

2 The colour of her new bag goes .............

her new sandals.

3 These trousers look too tight; maybe you

should let them ............. a little.

4 Can you ask the waiter what’s holding

............. our order? It’s been over an hour!

5 Even though she found French hard, she

kept ............. trying to learn the language.

2

Match the phrasalverbs to the picturesand make a sentenceusing them.

3

b

c d

a

Tim was asked to hold onbefore speaking to themanager. ....................................

........................................................................

hold on

go after

go off

let down

1 a

2

3

4


For teachers'

inspection ONLY

97

Prepositions V

Choose the correct preposition.

1 Anna named her son after/by her father.

2 Did it ever occur for/to you that your

strange sense of humour is not always

appreciated?

3 Maria was really nervous about/for taking

her driving test.

4 Irene has been married with/to Trev for

over fifty years.

5 Alan prefers jazz music to/after any other

kind of music.

6 Kate objected to/against her sister’s

decision to move abroad.

7 What’s your opinion on/with the new

university rules?

1

Fill in the correct preposition.

• to • for • of • in • with • towards • on

1 It was quite impolite ................... John not

to speak to you at the party!

2 A compass always points ................... the

North.

3 Melanie takes great pleasure ...................

having friends over for dinner.

4 The surgeon operated ................... his

patient for three hours.

5 It was obvious ................... everyone that

Ian was struggling with his chemistry class.

6 Having high grades is necessary ...............

entering a good university.

7 Sally was really pleased ................... the

way the hairdresser styled her hair.

2

Word formation

Fill in the correct form of the words in boldforming verbs from adjectives and nouns.

1 Tim tried telling a joke to ...........................

the serious atmosphere in the room. LIGHT

2 Lia made her daughter ..............................

for being rude. APOLOGY

3 Pauline used to wear braces to

.................................. her front teeth.

STRAIGHT

4 Habitat destruction ..................................

the life of hundreds of plant and animal

species. DANGER

5 They have hired an interior decorator to

.................................. their old apartment.

MODERN

6 Putting fresh herbs in a vase can help you

.................................. the air in the room.

FRESH

7 Artists usually use white doves to

........................ peace and love. SYMBOL

8 You need to .................................. these

instructions as they’re too complicated.

SIMPLE

9 It is illegal to .................................. other

people’s property. VANDAL

10 It is said that consuming a lot of salt can

.................................. your bones. WEAK

11 It’s a team leader’s job to .........................

the members of his team and make them

feel more confident. COURAGE

3

M mad with/at sb (adj)

married to sb (adj)

mean to sb (BUT mean of sbto do sth) (adj)

Nname after (v)

need for (n)

necessary for (adj)

nervous about (adj)

new to sth (adj)

nice to sb (BUT nice of sb todo sth) (adj)

(take) (no) notice of sb (n)

Oobject to (v)

obliged to sb for sth (adj)

obvious to (adj)

occur to sb (v)

occur in (v)

operate on (v)

opinion of/on (n)

the opposite of (n)

opposite to (adj)

P

patient with (adj)

pay sb for sth (v)

pay by (cheque) (v)

pay in (cash) (v)

photograph of (n)

picture of (n)

(un)pleasant to sb (adj)

(un)pleasant of sb to do sth(adj)

pleased with sb/sth (adj)

pleased about sth (adj)

(have the) pleasure of (n)

(take) pleasure in (n)

point at/to/towards sb/sth (v)

popular with (adj)

(im)polite to sb (BUT (im)politeof sb to do sth) (adj)

prefer sb/sth to sb/sth else (v)

(have a) preference for (n)

prevent sb/sth from (v)

proof of (n)

protect sb/sth from/againstsb/sth (v)

proud of sb/sth (adj)

provide sb with sth (v)

punish sb for (v)


For teachers'

inspection ONLY

Documents

Virginia Evans - Jenny Dooley - stanfordhouse.com.hk · future or present perfect (when we pass on messages, when we report the content of a letter or article while reading it and