VINELAND ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR SCALES – 2ND ED.

Bahar Mansur

Seton Hall University

Vineland-II: At a Glance

Purpose: To measure personal and social skills needed for everyday living from birth to adulthood.

Publisher: Pearson Age Range: Birth to 90 years Time to Administer: 20 – 60 minutes Qualification Level: Graduate/post-

graduate qualification Price: $388.55 for the Complete Starter

Kit

Vineland-II: Forms

4 Forms:1. Survey Interview

Form Semi-structured

interview format

2. Parent/Caregiver Rating Form

3. Expanded Interview Form

4. Teacher Rating Form

Vineland-II: Domains

Vineland-II: Subdomains

Domains Subdomains

Communication ReceptiveExpressive

Written

Daily Living Skills PersonalDomestic

Community

Socialization Interpersonal RelationshipsPlay and Leisure Time

Coping Skills

Motor Skills FineGross

Maladaptive Behavior(Optional)

InternalizingExternalizing

Other

Vineland-II: Validity & Reliability

Test Content: Theoretically and empirically

linked to target behaviors defining skills needed for adaptive behavior

Measurement Bias: Mean scores very similar

across age, gender, ethnic groups, etc

Concurrent Validity: Highly correlated with VABS Moderately to Highly

correlated with the BASC-II

Internal Consistency Coefficients range from .80 to .90

Test-Retest Coefficients range between .86 to .92

Validity Reliability

Vineland-II: Norms & Standardization

A nationally representative sample of 3,687 individuals that were assessed across 44 states

20 age groups: Evenly split between males and females Ages ranged from birth to 90 years Population based on the 2001 U.S census

Gender, SES, Community Size, Ethnicity, Geographic Region Clinical Populations proportionally represented based on

2004 Congressional Report ADHD, Speech and Language impaired, LD, etc.

Vineland-II: Format

Survey Interview Form: Lists items by sub-domains

Total of 433 items General Administration:

Start Point determined by chronological age

Do not read items verbatim to respondent, ask broad to specific interview questions

Maladaptive Section does not require general questions

Just describe the behavior and ask whether the individual always, sometimes, or never engages in the behavior

Vineland-II: Scoring

Item Scores: 2 = Usually or habitually occurs

without help 1 = Performed sometimes without

help or reminders 0 = Never performed without help

Basal & Ceiling Rules: Basal = 4 consecutive scores of 2 Basal Item = Highest item # in the

set of 4 scores of 2 Ceiling = 4 consecutive scores of 0 Ceiling Item = Lowest item # in the

set of 4 scores of 0

Vineland-II: Interpretation

Scoring Interpretation: Raw scores V-scale scores for

sub-domains Standard scores for

domains and ABC Confidence Intervals Percentile Ranks Age Equivalents Strengths &

Weaknesses

Interpretive Steps:1. Describe General

Adaptive Functioning2. Describe performance

in all domains and sub-domains

3. Interpret the pattern of domain standard scores to identify strengths and weaknesses

4. Generate hypotheses about profile fluctuations

Vineland-II: Critical Reviews

Mental Measurement Yearbook Vineland-II reflect the greater cultural

expectations for adaptive behavior The theoretical model is well

described and well supported by previous and current research.

Users should be cognizant of the inherent limitations of any instrument that relies solely on indirect measures of behavior such as ratings or interviews of third-party respondents

Vineland-II: Adaptive Level Descriptions and Profile Comparisons

Adaptive Level

SD from the Mean

Standard Score Range

v-Scale score

ranges

Percentile Rank

Range

High 2.0 or above 130 and above

21 and above

98 and above

Moderately High

1.0 – 2.0 115 – 129 18 – 20 84 – 97

Adequate -1.0 – 1.0 86 – 114 13 – 17 18 – 83

Moderately Low

-2.0 – -1.0 71 – 85 10 – 12 3 – 17

Low -2.0 or below 70 and below

9 and below 2 and below Vineland-II: Profile Comparisons High Functioning Autism and Asperger Syndrome Autism and Mental Retardation Normal Development and ADHD Normal Development and Hearing Impaired Nonspecific Mental Retardation and Down Syndrome

Case Study: Anthony

Background Information: Age: 3-5 Lives in a home in

northern New Jersey Lives with mother, father,

older brother, and younger sister

Described as very lively and energetic

Respondent: Mother

Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Development

Pre-conventional Morality Stage 1: Obedience and Punishment

The earliest stage of moral development is especially common in young children.

At this stage, children see rules as fixed and absolute. Obeying the rules is important because it is a means to avoid punishment.

Stage 2: Individualism and Exchange At this stage of moral development, children

account for individual points of view and judge actions based on how they serve individual needs.

Case Study: Results

Domain Standard Scores Subdomain v-Scores

Communication = 100

StrengthAdequate

Receptive = 16

Expressive = 15

Written = 14

Daily Living Skills= 93 Adequate

Personal = 14

Domestic = 14

Community = 14

Socialization = 85 Moderately Low

Interpersonal Relationships = 12

Play and Leisure Time = 15*

Coping Skills = 10*

Motor Skills = 91 AdequateGross = 14

Fine = 13

Adaptive Behavior Composite = 90

Interpretations & Recommendations

Interpretations: Communication Domain: Personal Strength

Receptive, Expressive, and Written subdomains Socialization Domain

Play and Leisure Time subdomain: Personal Strength Coping Skills subdomain: Personal Weakness Interpersonal Relationships: Moderately Low adaptive level

Recommendations: Anthony may benefit from a daily schedule (using visual cues) to

ease in transitions from different activities More structure in home environment to ease into the transition into

preschool Since he has a very playful nature, and is able to communicate

his needs well, Anthony may benefit from a reinforcement system that would promote his positive behaviors when interacting with peers his age For example: Frequent verbal praise, token economy system, etc.

References

Sparrow, S.S., Cicchetti, D.V., Balla, D.A. 2005). Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, Second Edition: Survey Forms Manual. Pearson Assessments: Minneapolis, MN.

Stein, S. (N.D.A). Review of the vineland adaptive behavior scales, 2nd edition. Mental Measurements Yearbook.

Widaman, K.F. (N.D.A.). Review of the vineland adaptive behavior scales, 2nd edition. Mental Measurements Yearbook.