· Web viewThe other applications of multi rate processing in Sub band coding of speech signals and Quadrature Mirror Filter (QMF) are explained. The transfer function of 2-channel

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ACADEMIC REGULATIONSCOURSE STRUCTURE

ANDDETAILED SYLLABUS

ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

For

Instrumentation & Control Systems - PG Programme

(Applicable for batches admitted from 2013-2014)

UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING KAKINADA(Autonomous)

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY: KAKINADA

KAKINADA - 533 003, Andhra Pradesh, India

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Email: [email protected]: Off: +0884-2300991

Fax:+0884-2340545

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY : KAKINADA(Established by Andhra Pradesh Act No.30 of 2008)

Kakinada – 533 003, Andhra Pradesh (India)

ACADEMIC REGULATIONS R13 FOR M. Tech (REGULAR) DEGREE COURSE

Applicable for the students of M. Tech (Regular) Course from the Academic Year 2013-14 onwards

The M. Tech Degree of Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Kakinada shall be conferred on candidates who are admitted to the program and who fulfil all the requirements for the award of the Degree.

1.0 ELIGIBILITY FOR ADMISSIONS

Admission to the above program shall be made subject to eligibility, qualification and specialization as prescribed by the University from time to time.

Admissions shall be made on the basis of merit/rank obtained by the candidates at the qualifying Entrance Test conducted by the University or on the basis of any other order of merit as approved by the University, subject to reservations as laid down by the Govt. from time to time.

2.0 AWARD OF M. Tech DEGREE

2.1 A student shall be declared eligible for the award of the M. Tech Degree, if he pursues a course of study in not less than two and not more than four academic years.

2.2 The student shall register for all 80 credits and secure all the 80 credits.2.3 The minimum instruction days in each semester are 90.

3.0 A. COURSES OF STUDY

The following specializations are offered at present for the M. Tech course of study.

1. M.Tech- Structural Engineering2. M.Tech- Transportation Engineering3. M.Tech- Infrastructure Engineering & Management4. ME- Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering5. M.Tech- Environmental Engineering

mailto:[email protected]

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6. M.Tech-Geo-Informatics7. M.Tech-Spatial Information Technology8. M.Tech- Civil Engineering9. M.Tech -Geo-Technical Engineering10. M.Tech- Remote Sensing11. M.Tech- Power Electronics12. M.Tech- Power & Industrial Drives13. M.Tech- Power Electronics & Electrical Drives14. M.Tech- Power System Control & Automation15. M.Tech- Power Electronics & Drives16. M.Tech- Power Systems17. M.Tech- Power Systems Engineering 18. M.Tech- High Voltage Engineering19. M.Tech- Power Electronics and Power Systems20. M.Tech- Power System and Control21. M.Tech- Power Electronics & Systems22. M.Tech- Electrical Machines and Drives23. M.Tech- Advanced Power Systems24. M.Tech- Power Systems with Emphasis on High Voltage Engineering25. M.Tech- Control Engineering26. M.Tech- Control Systems27. M.Tech- Electrical Power Engineering28. M.Tech- Power Engineering & Energy System29. M.Tech- Thermal Engineering30. M.Tech- CAD/CAM31. M.Tech- Machine Design32. M.Tech- Computer Aided Design and Manufacture33. M.Tech- Advanced Manufacturing Systems34. M.Tech-Computer Aided Analysis & Design35. M.Tech- Mechanical Engineering Design36. M.Tech- Systems and Signal Processing37. M.Tech- Digital Electronics and Communication Systems38. M.Tech- Electronics & Communications Engineering 39. M.Tech- Communication Systems40. M.Tech- Communication Engineering & Signal Processing41. M.Tech- Microwave and Communication Engineering 42. M.Tech- Telematics43. M.Tech- Digital Systems & Computer Electronics44. M.Tech- Embedded System45. M.Tech- VLSI46. M.Tech- VLSI Design47. M.Tech- VLSI System Design48. M.Tech- Embedded System & VLSI Design49. M.Tech- VLSI & Embedded System50. M.Tech- VLSI Design & Embedded Systems51. M.Tech- Image Processing

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52. M.Tech- Digital Image Processing53. M.Tech- Computers & Communication54. M.Tech- Computers & Communication Engineering 55. M.Tech- Instrumentation & Control Systems56. M.Tech – VLSI & Micro Electronics57. M.Tech – Digital Electronics & Communication Engineering58. M.Tech- Embedded System & VLSI59. M.Tech- Computer Science & Engineering 60. M.Tech- Computer Science61. M.Tech- Computer Science & Technology62. M.Tech- Computer Networks63. M.Tech- Computer Networks & Information Security64. M.Tech- Information Technology65. M.Tech- Software Engineering66. M.Tech- Neural Networks67. M.Tech- Chemical Engineering68. M.Tech- Biotechnology69. M.Tech- Nano Technology70. M.Tech- Food Processing71. M.Tech- Avionics

and any other course as approved by AICTE/ University from time to time.

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3.0 B. Departments offering M. Tech Programmes with specializations are noted below:

Civil Engg.

1. M.Tech- Structural Engineering2. M.Tech- Transportation Engineering3. M.Tech- Infrastructure Engineering & Management4. ME- Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering5. M.Tech- Environmental Engineering6. M.Tech-Geo-Informatics7. M.Tech-Spatial Information Technology8. M.Tech- Civil Engineering9. M.Tech -Geo-Technical Engineering10. M.Tech- Remote Sensing

EEE

1. M.Tech- Power Electronics2. M.Tech- Power & Industrial Drives3. M.Tech- Power Electronics & Electrical Drives4. M.Tech- Power System Control & Automation5. M.Tech- Power Electronics & Drives6. M.Tech- Power Systems7. M.Tech- Power Systems Engineering 8. M.Tech- High Voltage Engineering9. M.Tech- Power Electronics and Power Systems10. M.Tech- Power System and Control11. M.Tech- Power Electronics & Systems12. M.Tech- Electrical Machines and Drives13. M.Tech- Advanced Power Systems14. M.Tech- Power Systems with Emphasis on High Voltage

Engineering15. M.Tech- Control Engineering16. M.Tech- Control Systems17. M.Tech- Electrical Power Engineering18. M.Tech- Power Engineering & Energy System

ME

1. M.Tech- Thermal Engineering2. M.Tech- CAD/CAM3. M.Tech- Machine Design4. M.Tech- Computer Aided Design and Manufacture5. M.Tech- Advanced Manufacturing Systems6. M.Tech-Computer Aided Analysis & Design7. M.Tech- Mechanical Engineering Design

ECE 1. M.Tech- Systems and Signal Processing2. M.Tech- Digital Electronics and Communication Systems3. M.Tech- Electronics & Communications Engineering 4. M.Tech- Communication Systems5. M.Tech- Communication Engineering & Signal

Processing6. M.Tech- Microwave and Communication Engineering 7. M.Tech- Telematics

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8. M.Tech- Digital Systems & Computer Electronics9. M.Tech- Embedded System10. M.Tech- VLSI11. M.Tech- VLSI Design12. M.Tech- VLSI System Design13. M.Tech- Embedded System & VLSI Design14. M.Tech- VLSI & Embedded System15. M.Tech- VLSI Design & Embedded Systems16. M.Tech- Image Processing17. M.Tech- Digital Image Processing18. M.Tech- Computers & Communication19. M.Tech- Computers & Communication Engineering 20. M.Tech- Instrumentation & Control Systems21. M.Tech – VLSI & Micro Electronics22. M.Tech – Digital Electronics & Communication

Engineering23. M.Tech- Embedded System & VLSI

CSE

1. M.Tech- Computer Science & Engineering 2. M.Tech- Computer Science3. M.Tech- Computer Science & Technology4. M.Tech- Computer Networks5. M.Tech- Computer Networks & Information Security6. M.Tech- Information Technology7. M.Tech- Software Engineering8. M.Tech- Neural Networks

Others

1. M.Tech- Chemical Engineering2. M.Tech- Biotechnology3. M.Tech- Nano Technology4. M.Tech- Food Processing5. M.Tech- Avionics

4.0 ATTENDANCE

4.1 A student shall be eligible to write University examinations if he acquires a minimum of 75% of attendance in aggregate of all the subjects.

4.2 Condonation of shortage of attendance in aggregate up to 10% (65% and above and below 75%) in each semester shall be granted by the College Academic Committee.

4.3 Shortage of Attendance below 65% in aggregate shall not be condoned.4.4 Students whose shortage of attendance is not condoned in any semester are not

eligible to write their end semester examination of that class.4.5 A prescribed fee shall be payable towards condonation of shortage of attendance.4.6 A student shall not be promoted to the next semester unless he satisfies the attendance

requirement of the present semester, as applicable. They may seek readmission into that semester when offered next. If any candidate fulfills the attendance requirement in the present semester, he shall not be eligible for readmission into the same class.

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5.0 EVALUATION

The performance of the candidate in each semester shall be evaluated subject-wise, with a maximum of 100 marks for theory and 100 marks for practicals, on the basis of Internal Evaluation and End Semester Examination.

5.1 For the theory subjects 60 marks shall be awarded based on the performance in the End Semester Examination and 40 marks shall be awarded based on the Internal Evaluation. The internal evaluation shall be made based on the average of the marks secured in the two Mid Term-Examinations conducted-one in the middle of the Semester and the other immediately after the completion of instruction. Each mid term examination shall be conducted for a total duration of 120 minutes with 4 questions (without choice) each question for 10 marks. End semester examination is conducted for 60 marks for 5 questions to be answered out of 8 questions.

5.2 For practical subjects, 60 marks shall be awarded based on the performance in the End Semester Examinations and 40 marks shall be awarded based on the day-to-day performance as Internal Marks.

5.3 There shall be two seminar presentations during III semester and IV semester. For seminar, a student under the supervision of a faculty member, shall collect the literature on a topic and critically review the literature and submit it to the department in a report form and shall make an oral presentation before the Project Review Committee consisting of Head of the Department, Supervisor and two other senior faculty members of the department. For each Seminar there will be only internal evaluation of 50 marks. A candidate has to secure a minimum of 50% of marks to be declared successful.

5.4 A candidate shall be deemed to have secured the minimum academic requirement in a subject if he secures a minimum of 40% of marks in the End semester Examination and a minimum aggregate of 50% of the total marks in the End Semester Examination and Internal Evaluation taken together.

5.5 In case the candidate does not secure the minimum academic requirement in any subject (as specified in 5.4) he has to reappear for the End semester Examination in that subject. A candidate shall be given one chance to re-register for each subject provided the internal marks secured by a candidate are less than 50% and has failed in the end examination. In such a case, the candidate must re-register for the subject(s) and secure the required minimum attendance. The candidate’s attendance in the re-registered subject(s) shall be calculated separately to decide upon his eligibility for writing the end examination in those subject(s). In the event of the student taking another chance, his internal marks and end examination marks obtained in the previous attempt stand cancelled. For re-registration the candidates have to apply to the University through the college by paying the requisite fees and get approval from the University before the start of the semester in which re-registration is required.

5.6 In case the candidate secures less than the required attendance in any re registered subject (s), he shall not be permitted to write the End Examination in that subject. He shall again re-register the subject when next offered.

5.7 Laboratory examination for M. Tech. courses must be conducted with two Examiners, one of them being the Laboratory Class Teacher or teacher of the respective college and the second examiner shall be appointed by the university from the panel of examiners submitted by the respective college.

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6.0 EVALUATION OF PROJECT/DISSERTATION WORK

Every candidate shall be required to submit a thesis or dissertation on a topic approved by the Project Review Committee.

6.1 A Project Review Committee (PRC) shall be constituted with Head of the Department and two other senior faculty members.

6.2 Registration of Project Work: A candidate is permitted to register for the project work after satisfying the attendance requirement of all the subjects, both theory and practical.

6.3 After satisfying 6.2, a candidate has to submit, in consultation with his project supervisor, the title, objective and plan of action of his project work for approval. The student can initiate the Project work, only after obtaining the approval from the Project Review Committee (PRC).

6.4 If a candidate wishes to change his supervisor or topic of the project, he can do so with the approval of the Project Review Committee (PRC). However, the Project Review Committee (PRC) shall examine whether or not the change of topic/supervisor leads to a major change of his initial plans of project proposal. If yes, his date of registration for the project work starts from the date of change of Supervisor or topic as the case may be.

6.5 A candidate shall submit his status report in two stages at least with a gap of 3 months between them.

6.6 The work on the project shall be initiated at the beginning of the II year and the duration of the project is two semesters. A candidate is permitted to submit Project Thesis only after successful completion of theory and practical course with the approval of PRC not earlier than 40 weeks from the date of registration of the project work. The candidate has to pass all the theory and practical subjects before submission of the Thesis.

6.7 Three copies of the Project Thesis certified by the supervisor shall be submitted to the College/School/Institute.

6.8 The thesis shall be adjudicated by one examiner selected by the University. For this, the Principal of the College shall submit a panel of 5 examiners, eminent in that field, with the help of the guide concerned and head of the department.

6.9 If the report of the examiner is not favourable, the candidate shall revise and resubmit the Thesis, in the time frame as decided by the PRC. If the report of the examiner is unfavorable again, the thesis shall be summarily rejected. The candidate has to re-register for the project and complete the project within the stipulated time after taking the approval from the University.

6.10 If the report of the examiner is favourable, Viva-Voce examination shall be conducted by a board consisting of the Supervisor, Head of the Department and the examiner who adjudicated the Thesis. The Board shall jointly report the candidate’s work as one of the following:

A. ExcellentB. GoodC. SatisfactoryD. Unsatisfactory

The Head of the Department shall coordinate and make arrangements for the conduct of Viva-Voce examination.

6.11 If the report of the Viva-Voce is unsatisfactory, the candidate shall retake the Viva-Voce examination only after three months. If he fails to get a satisfactory report at the second Viva-Voce examination, the candidate has to re-register for the project and

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complete the project within the stipulated time after taking the approval from the University.

7.0 AWARD OF DEGREE AND CLASSAfter a student has satisfied the requirements prescribed for the completion of the program and is eligible for the award of M. Tech. Degree he shall be placed in one of the following four classes:

Class Awarded % of marks to be secured

First Class with Distinction 70% and above ( Without any

Supplementary Appearance )

First Class Below 70% but not less than 60% 70% and above ( With any

Supplementary Appearance )

Second Class Below 60% but not less than 50%

The marks in internal evaluation and end examination shall be shown separately in the memorandum of marks.

8.0 WITHHOLDING OF RESULTS

If the student has not paid the dues, if any, to the university or if any case of indiscipline is pending against him, the result of the student will be withheld. His degree will be withheld in such cases.

8.0 TRANSITORY REGULATIONS ( for R09 )

9.1 Discontinued or detained candidates are eligible for re-admission into same or equivalent subjects at a time as and when offered.

9.2 The candidate who fails in any subject will be given two chances to pass the same subject; otherwise, he has to identify an equivalent subject as per R13 academic regulations.

10. GENERAL10.1 Wherever the words “he”, “him”, “his”, occur in the regulations, they include

“she”, “her”, “hers”.10.2 The academic regulation should be read as a whole for the purpose of any

interpretation.10.3 In the case of any doubt or ambiguity in the interpretation of the above rules, the

decision of the Vice-Chancellor is final.10.4 The University may change or amend the academic regulations or syllabi at any

time and the changes or amendments made shall be applicable to all the students with effect from the dates notified by the University.

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MALPRACTICES RULES

DISCIPLINARY ACTION FOR / IMPROPER CONDUCT IN EXAMINATIONS

Nature of Malpractices/Improper conduct

Punishment

If the candidate:

1. (a)

Possesses or keeps accessible in examination hall, any paper, note book, programmable calculators, Cell phones, pager, palm computers or any other form of material concerned with or related to the subject of the examination (theory or practical) in which he is appearing but has not made use of (material shall include any marks on the body of the candidate which can be used as an aid in the subject of the examination)

Expulsion from the examination hall and cancellation of the performance in that subject only.

(b)

Gives assistance or guidance or receives it from any other candidate orally or by any other body language methods or communicates through cell phones with any candidate or persons in or outside the exam hall in respect of any matter.

Expulsion from the examination hall and cancellation of the performance in that subject only of all the candidates involved. In case of an outsider, he will be handed over to the police and a case is registered against him.

2. Has copied in the examination hall from any paper, book, programmable calculators, palm computers or any other form of material relevant to the subject of the examination (theory or practical) in which the candidate is appearing.

Expulsion from the examination hall and cancellation of the performance in that subject and all other subjects the candidate has already appeared including practical examinations and project work and shall not be permitted to appear for the remaining examinations of the subjects of that Semester/year.

The Hall Ticket of the candidate is to be cancelled and sent to the University.

3. Impersonates any other candidate in connection with the examination.

The candidate who has impersonated shall be expelled from examination hall. The candidate is also debarred and forfeits the seat. The performance of the

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original candidate who has been impersonated, shall be cancelled in all the subjects of the examination (including practicals and project work) already appeared and shall not be allowed to appear for examinations of the remaining subjects of that semester/year. The candidate is also debarred for two consecutive semesters from class work and all University examinations. The continuation of the course by the candidate is subject to the academic regulations in connection with forfeiture of seat. If the imposter is an outsider, he will be handed over to the police and a case is registered against him.

4. Smuggles in the Answer book or additional sheet or takes out or arranges to send out the question paper during the examination or answer book or additional sheet, during or after the examination.

Expulsion from the examination hall and cancellation of performance in that subject and all the other subjects the candidate has already appeared including practical examinations and project work and shall not be permitted for the remaining examinations of the subjects of that semester/year. The candidate is also debarred for two consecutive semesters from class work and all University examinations. The continuation of the course by the candidate is subject to the academic regulations in connection with forfeiture of seat.

5. Uses objectionable, abusive or offensive language in the answer paper or in letters to the examiners or writes to the examiner requesting him to award pass marks.

Cancellation of the performance in that subject.

6. Refuses to obey the orders of the Chief Superintendent/Assistant – Superintendent / any officer on duty or misbehaves or creates disturbance of any kind in and around the examination hall or

In case of students of the college, they shall be expelled from examination halls and cancellation of their performance in that subject and all other subjects the candidate(s) has (have) already appeared and shall not be permitted to appear for

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organizes a walk out or instigates others to walk out, or threatens the officer-in charge or any person on duty in or outside the examination hall of any injury to his person or to any of his relations whether by words, either spoken or written or by signs or by visible representation, assaults the officer-in-charge, or any person on duty in or outside the examination hall or any of his relations, or indulges in any other act of misconduct or mischief which result in damage to or destruction of property in the examination hall or any part of the College campus or engages in any other act which in the opinion of the officer on duty amounts to use of unfair means or misconduct or has the tendency to disrupt the orderly conduct of the examination.

the remaining examinations of the subjects of that semester/year. The candidates also are debarred and forfeit their seats. In case of outsiders, they will be handed over to the police and a police case is registered against them.

7. Leaves the exam hall taking away answer script or intentionally tears of the script or any part thereof inside or outside the examination hall.

Expulsion from the examination hall and cancellation of performance in that subject and all the other subjects the candidate has already appeared including practical examinations and project work and shall not be permitted for the remaining examinations of the subjects of that semester/year. The candidate is also debarred for two consecutive semesters from class work and all University examinations. The continuation of the course by the candidate is subject to the academic regulations in connection with forfeiture of seat.

8. Possess any lethal weapon or firearm in the examination hall.

Expulsion from the examination hall and cancellation of the performance in that subject and all other subjects the candidate has already appeared including practical examinations and project work and shall not be permitted for the

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remaining examinations of the subjects of that semester/year. The candidate is also debarred and forfeits the seat.

9. If student of the college, who is not a candidate for the particular examination or any person not connected with the college indulges in any malpractice or improper conduct mentioned in clause 6 to 8.

Student of the colleges expulsion from the examination hall and cancellation of the performance in that subject and all other subjects the candidate has already appeared including practical examinations and project work and shall not be permitted for the remaining examinations of the subjects of that semester/year. The candidate is also debarred and forfeits the seat.

Person(s) who do not belong to the College will be handed over to police and, a police case will be registered against them.

10. Comes in a drunken condition to the examination hall.

Expulsion from the examination hall and cancellation of the performance in that subject and all other subjects the candidate has already appeared including practical examinations and project work and shall not be permitted for the remaining examinations of the subjects of that semester/year.

11. Copying detected on the basis of internal evidence, such as, during valuation or during special scrutiny.

Cancellation of the performance in that subject and all other subjects the candidate has appeared including practical examinations and project work of that semester/year examinations.

12. If any malpractice is detected which is not covered in the above clauses 1 to 11 shall be reported to the University for further action to award suitable punishment.

Malpractices identified by squad or special invigilators

1. Punishments to the candidates as per the above guidelines.

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2. Punishment for institutions : (if the squad reports that the college is also involved in encouraging malpractices)(i) A show cause notice shall be issued to the college.(ii) Impose a suitable fine on the college.(iii) Shifting the examination centre from the college to another college for a

specific period of not less than one year.

For Constituent Colleges and Affiliated Colleges of JNTUK

RaggingProhibition of ragging in

educational institutions Act 26 of 1997Salient Features

Ragging within or outside any educational institution is prohibited.

Ragging means doing an act which causes or is likely to cause Insult or Annoyance of Fear or Apprehension or Threat or Intimidation or outrage of modesty or Injury to a student

Imprisonment upto Fine Upto

+Teasing,

Embarrassing and Humiliation

6 Months Rs. 1,000/-

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+

+

+

+

For Constituent Colleges and Affiliated Colleges of JNTUK

Ragging

Assaulting or Using Criminal force or Criminal intimidation 1 Year

Rs. 2,000/-

Wrongfully restraining or confining or causing hurt

Rs. 5,000/- 2 Years

Rs. 10,000/-

Causing grievous hurt, kidnapping or Abducts or rape or committing unnatural offence

5 Years

Causing death or abetting suicide 10 Months Rs.

50,000/-

LET US MAKE JNTUK A RAGGING FREE UNIVERSITY

In Case of Emergency CALL TOLL FREE NO. : 1800 - 425 - 1288

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ABSOLUTELYNO TO RAGGING

1. Ragging is prohibited as per Act 26 of

A.P. Legislative Assembly, 1997.

2. Ragging entails heavy fines and/or

imprisonment.

3. Ragging invokes suspension and dismissal

from the College.

4. Outsiders are prohibited from entering the

College and Hostel without permission.

5. Girl students must be in their hostel rooms

by 7.00 p.m.

6. All the students must carry their Identity Cards

and show them when demanded

7. The Principal and the Wardens may visit

the Hostels and inspect the rooms any time.

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Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Kakinada

For Constituent Colleges And Affiliated Colleges of JNTUK

Course Structure and SyllabusIn Case of Emergency CALL TOLL FREE NO. : 1800 - 425 - 1288

LET US MAKE JNTUK A RAGGING FREE UNIVERSITY

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Vision:

To remain a symbol of pride in the fields of Electronics and Communication Engineering by producing holistic and diligent Engineers for industrial and societal needs.

Mission:

1. To produce high quality learners who are globally competitive and professionally challenged in the field of electronics and communication engineering.

2. To offer educational programmes that imparts inventive knowledge with high levels of ethical and human values.

3. To provide a platform to acquire and implement innovative ideas in research and development.

4. To build up the state of art laboratories and centres of excellence in different areas of electronics and communication engineering.

5. To train the students and faculty to update their knowledge in pioneering technologies to meet industrial requirements.

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Programme Educational Objectives (PEOs)Of

M. Tech(Instrumentation and Control Systems)

PEO 1Attain technical knowledge for specialized careers in instrumentation, control systems and related fields that cater to the Global needs.

PEO 2Expertise in carrying out project works in advanced instrumentation and process control engineering by using recent advancements to do research.

PEO 3Possess good communication and presentation skills with ability to work in teams and contributing massively to the technological development of Nation.

Programme Outcome (POs) of

M. Tech (Instrumentation and control engineering)

a PO 1The graduate will be able to acquire in depth knowledge in the area of instrumentation and control systems with an emphasis on industrial process control and instrumentation.

b PO 2

The graduate will be enabled with the capabilities of critical thinking, analyzing real world problems and handling the complexities to arrive feasible and optimal solutions considering societal and environmental factors.

c PO 3The graduate will be enabled with lateral thinking and problem solving capabilities in the area of instrumentation and control systems with an emphasis on industrial process control and instrumentation

d PO 4

The graduate will be able to extract information through literature survey and apply appropriate research methodologies, techniques and tools to solve problems in instrumentation and control systems with an emphasis on industrial process control and instrumentation

e PO 5The graduate will be enabled to use the state-of-the-art tools for modelling, simulation and analysis of problems related to instrumentation and control systems.

f PO 6To inculcate leadership and entrepreneurial skills so as to enable the students to work in a challenging and interdisciplinary environment.

g PO 7 The graduate will demonstrate knowledge and understanding of instrumentation and control systems and management principles that apply the same for efficiently carrying out industry-oriented projects with

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due consideration to economical and financial factors.

h PO 8The graduate will be able to communicate confidently, make effective presentations and write effective reports to engineering community and society.

i PO 9The graduate will recognize the need for life-long learning and have the ability to do it independently.

j PO 10The graduate will become socially responsible and follow ethical practices to contribute to the community for sustainable development of society.

k PO 11

The graduate will be able to independently observe and examine critically the outcomes of his actions and reflect on to make corrective measures subsequently and move forward positively by learning through mistakes.

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Course Structure and Syllabus - R13

ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

M. TECH. (Instrumentation & Control Systems) (DT) Programme

Revised on 1st June, 2013

UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING KAKINADA(Autonomous)

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY KAKINADAKAKINADA-533 003, ANDHRA PRADESH, INDIA.

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COURSE STRUCTURE

Code Name of the Subject L P C INT EXT TOTALCore

1. Transducers and Sensors 4 - 3 40 60 1002. Digital Control Systems 4 - 3 40 60 1003. Advanced Digital Signal Processing 4 - 3 40 60 1004. Digital System Design & Testing 4 - 3 40 60 100

Elective I1. Adaptive Control Systems 4 - 3 40 60 1002. Soft Computing Techniques3. JAVA Programming

Elective II1. Fiber Optic Sensors and Devices 4 - 3 40 60 1002. VLSI Technology and Design3. Image & Video Processing

Laboratory1. Transducers & Instrumentation Lab - 3 2 40 60 100Total 24 3 20 280 420 700

M. Tech- I&CS First Semester

Code Name of the Subject L P C INT EXT TOTALCore

1. Data Acquisition Systems 4 - 3 40 60 1002. Bio-Medical Instrumentation 4 - 3 40 60 1003. Process Control Instrumentation 4 - 3 40 60 1004. Embedded System Design 4 - 3 40 60 100

Elective III1. Control and Guidance Systems 4 - 3 40 60 1002. System Modeling & Simulation3. Advanced DSP Processors &

ArchitecturesElective IV

1. Non Linear and Optimal Control Systems 4 - 3 40 60 1002. Navigation Systems3. Fuzzy Based Control Systems

Laboratory1. Design & Simulation Lab - 3 2 40 60 100Total 24 3 20 280 420 700

M. Tech- I&CS Second Semester

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M. Tech- I&CS Third Semester Code Name of the Subject L P C INT EXT TOTAL

Seminar - - 2 - - -Project-1 - - 18 - - -Total - - 20 - - -

M. Tech- I&CS Fourth Semester Code Name of the Subject L P C INT EXT TOTAL

Seminar - - 2 - - -Project-2(Continuation of Project-1) - - 18 - - -Total - - 20 - - -

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I M.Tech. I Semester (Instrumentation & Control Systems)

TRANSDUCERS AND SENSORS

OBJECTIVES:

The main objectives of this course are given below:

To understand the classification and characterization of transducers and sensors. To gain knowledge about the measuring instruments and the methods of measurement

and the use of different transducers and sensors.

OUTCOMES:

At the end of this course the student can able to:

To get the basic idea of measurements and the errors associated with measurement. To differentiate between the different types of transducers and sensors. To gain information about the function of various transducers and sensors and using them

for measurement of different quantities.

SYLLABUS:

UNIT-I: General Configuration and Functional Description of Measuring Instruments: Static and Dynamic Characteristics of Instrumentation System, Errors in Instrumentation System, Active and Passive Transducers and their Classification.

UNIT-II: Transducers for Motion Measurement: Resistive Strain Gauge, LVDT, RVDT, Capacitive Transducers, Piezo-electric Transducers, Seismic Displacement Pick-ups, Vibrometers and Accelerometers.

Transducers for Force Measurement: Bonded Strain Gauge Transducers, Photoelectric Transducers, Variable Reluctance Pick-up, Torque Measurement Dynamometers.

UNIT-III: Transducers for Temperature Measurement: Fluid Expansion and Metal Expansion type Transducers, Thermometers, Thermistor, RTD, and Thermocouple.

UNIT-IV: Transducers for Flow Measurement: Hot-wire and Hot-film anemometers, Electromagnetic Flow Meters, Laser Doppler Velocimeter.

Transducers for Pressure Measurement: Different types of Manometers, Elastic Transducers, Bourdon Tube, Capacitive and Resistive Pressure Transducers, High and Low Pressure Measurement.

UNIT-V: Sensors: Primary sensors, Bio-sensors, Smart Sensors, Piezo-electric Sensors. Recent trends in sensor technology.

TEXT BOOKS:

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1. E. O. Doebelin, Measurement Systems – Application and Design, 4th Ed., McGraw Hill Book Company.

2. A. K. Sawhney, A course in Electrical and Electronic Measurement and Instrumentation, Dhanpat Rai and Sons.

3. D. Patranabis, Sensors and Transducers, 2nd Ed., PHI.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. B. C. Nakra and K. K. Chaudhary, Instrumentation Measurement and Analysis, Tata McGraw Hill.

2. D. V. S. Murthy, Transducers and Instrumentation, PHI.

*******


26

DIGITAL CONTROL SYSTEMS

OBJECTIVES:


The basic concepts connected with sample and Hold operations, Sampling theorem, reconstruction of continuous signals are introduced.

Concept of Linear difference equations, Z-transforms, Z- Theorems, Inverse Z-transforms are, modified Z-transforms explained.

Z-plane Analysis of discrete-Time Control Systems, mapping between s-plane and z-plane, Primary strips and Complementary strips.

State Space Representation of discrete time systems, Pulse transfer function, methods for computation of State Transition Matrix.

Discretization of continuous time state – space equations is discussed. The concepts of Controllability and Observability, Conditions for Pulse Transfer

functions are explained. The Stability Analysis for closed loop systems in the Z- Plane, Jury, Routh, and Liapunov

stability theorems. The Design of digital control based on the frequency response method and PID

controllers are explained. State feedback controller through pole placement, Ackerman’s formula, and full order

and reduced order are derived. Introduction to kalman filter and Adoptive controls are explained.

OUTCOMES:


Understand the basic concepts of Sample and Hold operations and Sampling theorem Understand the concepts of linear difference and Z – transforms (both forward and

inverse). State Space representation of discrete time system analysis with graphical

representations. Comparisons between all Stability Analysis theorems. Know the importance and requirement of PID controllers, Kalman filters and

Adoptive controls. Understand the concept of State feedback controller through pole placement..

SYLLABUS:

27

UNIT-I: Sampling and Reconstruction: Introduction, sample and hold operations, Sampling theorem, Reconstruction of original sampled signal to continuous-time signal. The Z – Transforms: Introduction, Linear difference equations, pulse response, Z – transforms, Theorems of Z – Transforms, the inverse Z – transforms, Modified Z- Transforms.

Z-Plane Analysis of Discrete-Time Control System: Z-Transform method for solving difference equations; Pulse transforms function, block diagram analysis of sampled – data systems, mapping between s-plane and z-plane: Primary strips and Complementary Strips.

UNIT-II: State Space Analysis: State Space Representation of discrete time systems, Pulse Transfer Function Matrix solving discrete time state space equations, State transition matrix and its Properties, Methods for Computation of State Transition Matrix, Discretization of continuous time state – space equations

UNIT-III: Controllability and Observability: Concepts of Controllability and Observability, Tests for controllability and Observability, Duality between Controllability and Observability, Controllability and Observability conditions for Pulse Transfer Function.

Stability Analysis: Stability Analysis of closed loop systems in the Z-Plane, Jury stablility test – Stability Analysis by use of the Bilinear Transformation and Routh Stability criterion, Stability analysis using Liapunov theorems.

UNIT-IV: Design of Discrete Time Control System by Conventional Methods: Design of digital control based on the frequency response method – Bilinear Transformation and Design procedure in the W-plane, Lead, Lag and Lead-Lag compensators and digital PID controllers. Design digital control through deadbeat response method.

UNIT-V: State Feedback Controllers and Observers: Design of state feedback controller through pole placement – Necessary and sufficient conditions, Ackerman’s formula, State Observers – Full order and Reduced order observers. Introduction to Kalman filters, State estimation through Kalman filters, introduction to adaptive controls.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. K. Ogata - “Discrete-Time Control systems” - Pearson Education/PHI, 2nd Edition.

2. M.Gopal - “Digital Control and State Variable Methods”- TMH

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Kuo - “Digital Control Systems”- Oxford University Press, 2nd Edition, 2003. 2. M. Gopal - “Digital Control Engineering”.

*******


28

ADVANCED DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING

OBJECTIVES:

The main objectives of this course are given below: DFT and its properties, FFT algorithm and Digital filters are revised. The concept of sampling rate conversion is introduced. The expressions for Decimation

and Interpolations Process are derived. Different forms of filter implementations for sampling rate conversions are introduced Multi stage implementations of sampling rate conversions are also discussed. The usage of multi rate signal processing concept in the interfacing of Digital systems is

explained. Multi rate signal processing is used in the design of phase shifters, implementation of

Digital filter banks are discussed. The other applications of multi rate processing in Sub band coding of speech signals and

Quadrature Mirror Filter (QMF) are explained. The transfer function of 2-channel QMF bank is derived and the Concept of Linear phase

FIR Half band filter is introduced. Over sampling A/D and D/A conversions and Transmultiplexers are introduced. Power spectrum estimation using non-parametric methods are explained. Periodogram, Bartlett, Welch and Blackman-Tukey power spectrum estimations are

explained with mathematical expressions. Performance comparison of non-parametric methods is analyzed. Different ways of realizations in Digital filters (both FIR and IIR) are explained. Implementation of Lattice structure for both FIR and IIR are introduced. The relation between Auto-correlation and model parameters is derived. AR, MA and ARMA models for power spectrum estimations are analyzed. Finite word length effects in IIR digital filters and FFT algorithm are explained.

OUTCOMES:

At the end of this course the student can able to: Know the concept of multi rate signal processing and derive the Expression for sampling

rate conversion by a rational factor I/D. Design the single and two stage multi rate structures from the given specifications. Know the conditions for perfect reconstruction of 2 channels QMF. Know the classifications of non-parametric methods and compare the performance of

non-parametric methods. Derive the statistical properties (i.e. mean, variance) of non-parametric power spectrum

estimations. Know the advantages and disadvantages of non-parametric methods. Derive the reflection coefficients of Lattice realization. Know the forward prediction error and back ward prediction error and advantages of

Lattice structures, Derive the properties of Auto-correlation and Cross correlation. Know the different methods of parametric power spectrum estimation methods. Understand the Non-parametric and Parametric power spectrum estimation methods.

SYLLABUS:

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UNIT –I: Review of DFT, FFT, IIR Filters and FIR Filters: Multi Rate Signal Processing: Introduction, Decimation by a factor D, Interpolation by a factor I, Sampling rate conversion by a rational factor I/D, Multistage Implementation of Sampling Rate Conversion, Filter design & Implementation for sampling rate conversion.

UNIT –II: Applications of Multi Rate Signal Processing: Design of Phase Shifters, Interfacing of Digital Systems with Different Sampling Rates, Implementation of Narrow Band Low Pass Filters, Implementation of Digital Filter Banks, Sub-band Coding of Speech Signals, Quadrature Mirror Filters, Trans-multiplexers, Over Sampling A/D and D/A Conversion.

UNIT -III: Non-Parametric Methods of Power Spectral Estimation: Estimation of spectra from finite duration observation of signals, Non-parametric Methods: Bartlett, Welch & Blackman-Tukey methods, Comparison of all Non-Parametric methods.

UNIT –IV: Implementation of Digital Filters: Introduction to filter structures (IIR & FIR), Frequency sampling structures of FIR, Lattice structures, Forward prediction error, Backward prediction error, Reflection coefficients for lattice realization, Implementation of lattice structures for IIR filters, Advantages of lattice structures.

UNIT –V: Parametric Methods of Power Spectrum Estimation: Autocorrelation & Its Properties, Relation between auto correlation & model parameters, AR Models - Yule-Walker & Burg Methods, MA & ARMA models for power spectrum estimation, Finite word length effect in IIR digital Filters – Finite word-length effects in FFT algorithms.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Digital Signal Processing: Principles, Algorithms & Applications - J.G.Proakis & D. G. Manolakis, 4th Ed., PHI.

2. Discrete Time Signal Processing - Alan V Oppenheim & R. W Schaffer, PHI.3. DSP – A Practical Approach – Emmanuel C. Ifeacher, Barrie. W. Jervis, 2 Ed.,

Pearson Education.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Modern Spectral Estimation: Theory & Application – S. M .Kay, 1988, PHI.2. Multi Rate Systems and Filter Banks – P.P.Vaidyanathan – Pearson Education.3. Digital Signal Processing – S.Salivahanan, A.Vallavaraj, C.Gnanapriya, 2000,TMH4. Digital Spectral Analysis – Jr. Marple

*******

I M. Tech. I Semester (Instrumentation & Control Systems)

30

DIGITAL SYSTEM DESIGN & TESTING

OBJECTIVES:

The main objectives of this course are given below: The basic concepts of K-map, tabular method, QM method are revised. Higher order minimization techniques like CAMP algorithm and Cubical operations are

explained. PLA design techniques and minimization techniques are discussed. PLA folding using COMPACT algorithms studied for various cases. ASM charts are revised and design techniques of digital circuit realization are explained. Digital system design is approached using CPLD, FPGA and ASIC. Fault Diagnosis in Combinational Circuits are performed using various techniques like

fault detection test, path sensitization method and Boolean difference method. Problems in above methods of fault testing are rectified using Kohavi algorithm. Fault Diagnosis in sequential circuits is performed using Circuit test approach, Hamming

experiments, synchronizing experiments on different cases. Distinguishing and adaptive distinguishing experiments are also performed on various

sequential circuits’ cases.

OUTCOMES:

At the end of this course the student can able to: Understand the basic concepts of a Karnaugh Map (“K-map”) for a 2-, 3-, 4-, or 5-

variable logic function and to identify the prime implicants, essential prime implicants, and non-essential prime implicants of a function depicted on a K-map.

Perform the minimization of a Boolean function using tabular method, QM algorithm and CAMP algorithm and determine the Adjacencies, DA, CSC, SSMs, EPCs and SPCs.

Draw the block diagram of PLA and identify the size of PLA and PLA design aspects. Perform the minimization of PLA using IISc algorithm and folding using COMPACT

algorithm. Can design a digital circuit by steps involving ASM chart. Understand the digital system design approaches using CPLDs, FPGAs and ASICs. Rectify a single fault and multiple faults in combinational circuits using Path sensitization

method, Boolean difference method and Kohavi algorithm. Perform fault diagnosis in sequential circuits.

SYLLABUS:

UNIT-I: Minimization Procedures and CAMP Algorithm: Review on minimization of switching functions using tabular methods, k-map, QM algorithm, CAMP-I algorithm, Phase-I: Determination of Adjacencies, DA, CSC, SSMs and EPCs,, CAMP-I algorithm, Phase-II: Passport checking, Determination of SPC, CAMP-II algorithm: Determination of solution cube, Cube based operations, determination of selected cubes are wholly within the given switching function or not, Introduction to cube based algorithms.

UNIT-II: PLA Design, Minimization and Folding Algorithms: Introduction to PLDs, basic configurations and advantages of PLDs, PLA-Introduction, Block diagram of PLA, size of

31

PLA, PLA design aspects, PLA minimization algorithm(IISc algorithm), PLA folding algorithm(COMPACT algorithm)-Illustration of algorithms with suitable examples.

UNIT -III: Design of Large Scale Digital Systems: Algorithmic state machine charts-Introduction, Derivation of SM Charts, Realization of SM Chart, control implementation, control unit design, data processor design, ROM design, and PAL design aspects, digital system design approaches using CPLDs, FPGAs and ASICs.

UNIT-IV: Fault Diagnosis in Combinational Circuits: Faults classes and models, fault diagnosis and testing, fault detection test, test generation, testing process, obtaining a minimal complete test set, circuit under test methods- Path sensitization method, Boolean difference method, properties of Boolean differences, Kohavi algorithm, faults in PLAs, DFT schemes, built in self-test.

UNIT-V: Fault Diagnosis in Sequential Circuits: Fault detection and location in sequential circuits, circuit test approach, initial state identification, Haming experiments, synchronizing experiments, machine identification, distinguishing experiment, adaptive distinguishing experiments.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Logic Design Theory-N. N. Biswas, PHI2. Switching and Finite Automata Theory-Z. Kohavi , 2nd Edition, 2001, TMH3. Digital system Design using PLDd-Lala

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Fundamentals of Logic Design – Charles H. Roth, 5th Ed., Cengage Learning.2. Digital Systems Testing and Testable Design – Miron Abramovici, Melvin A. Breuer and

Arthur D. Friedman- John Wiley & Sons Inc.


32

ADAPTIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS

(Elective –I)

OBJECTIVE:


Applications of adaptive controls are growing in practical and industrial control systems.

The objective of this course is to present an overview of theoretical and practical aspects

of adaptive control.

The theory of adaptive control techniques and related issues are covered in detail. On the

other hand, course projects emphasize practical applications of adaptive controls.

OUTCOMES:


Based on theoretical and practical knowledge on methods to develop mathematical models from

experimental data; Adaptive control systems. After taking this course, the student should be able

to:

Design and implement system identification experiments.

Use input-output experimental data for identification of mathematical dynamical models.

Use system identification methods to design adaptive controllers.

Explain the advantages and disadvantages of adaptive control relative to other control

approaches.

SYLLABUS:

UNIT-I: Introduction: Definitions, History of adaptive Control, Essential aspects of

adaptive control, Classification of adaptive control system: Feedback adaptive controllers, Feed

forward adaptive controllers.

UNIT-II: Model Reference Adaptive System: Different configuration of model reference

adaptive systems; classification of MRAS, Mathematical description, and Equivalent

representation as a nonlinear time-varying system, direct and indirect MRAS.

UNIT-III Analysis and Design of Model Reference Adaptive Systems: Model reference

control with local parametric optimization (Gradient method), MIT rule, MRAS for a first order

system, MRAS based on Lyapunov stability theory, Design of a first order MRAS based on

stability theory, Hyperstability approach, Monopoli's augmented error approach.

33

UNIT-IV: Self Tuning Regulators: Introduction: The basic idea; process models,

disturbance models, General linear difference equation models, model simplification, Different

approaches to self-tuning, Recursive Parameter Estimation Methods: The RLS method, extended

Least squares, Recursive instrumental variable method; U-D factorization, Covariance resulting,

variable data forgetting. Estimation accuracy, Direct and Indirect Self-tuning regulators, Clarke

and Gawthrop's Self tuning Controller, Pole Placement approach to self tuning control;

Connection between MRAS and STR.

UNIT-V: Gain Scheduling: Introduction, The Principal, Design of Gain Scheduling

Regulators, Nonlinear transformations, Applications of gain scheduling.

Alternatives to Adaptive Control: Why not Adaptive Control? Robust High gain feedback

control, Variable Structure schemes,Practical aspects, application and Perspectives on adaptive

control.

REFERENCES BOOKS:

1. I. B Landau, Adaptive Control - The Model Reference Approach, New York; Marcel

2. Dekker, 1979.

3. K. J. Astrom and B. Wittenmark, Adaptive Control, Addison Wesley Publication

4. Company, 1989.

5. B. Roffel, P. J. Vermeer, P. A. Chin, Simulation and Implementation of self Tuning

6. Controllers, Prentice-Hall, Englewood cliffs, NJ, 1989.

7. R. Isermann, K. Lashmann and D. Marko, Adaptive Control Systems, Printice-Hall

8. International (UK) Ltd. 1992.

9. K. S. Narendra and A. M. Annaswamy, Stable Adaptive Systems

****


34

SOFT COMPUTING TECHNIQUES(ELECTIVE -I)

OBJECTIVES:

The main objectives of this course are given below: The basic concepts of intelligent control, symbolic reasoning system, Rule-based systems

and Artificial intelligence approaches are introduced. Concept of Artificial Neural Networks, McCulloch-Pitts neuron model, Perceptron,

Adaline and Madaline, feed forward multi layer Perceptron, Learning and training algorithms are explained.

Principal- Component analysis, wavelet transforms are introduced. Introduction to Data processing, Hopfield network, Self-organizing networks and neural

network based controller. Introduction to Fuzzy sets, fuzzy set operation, fuzzy logic modelling and control. Fuzzification and Defuzzification is discussed. The concepts of Fuzzy modelling and control schemes for nonlinear systems are

explained. Basics and importance of Genetic algorithms are introduced. Search techniques like Tabu, an D-colony for solving optimization are explained. Applications of GA, Neural network toolbox, stability analysis using MATLAB are

introduced.

OUTCOMES:

At the end of this course the student can able to: Understand the basic concepts of Artificial neural network systems. Understand the McCulloch-Pitts neuron model, simple and multilayer Perceptron,

Adaline and Madaline concepts. Data processing, Hopfield and self-organizing network. Difference between crisp sets to fuzzy sets, fuzzy models, fuzzification, inference,

membership functions, rule based approaches and defuzzification. Self – organizing fuzzy logic control, non linear time delay systems. Understand the concept of Genetic Algorithm steps. Tabu, anD-colony search techniques

for solving optimization problems. GA applications to power system optimisation problems, identification and control of

linear and nonlinear dynamic systems using MATLAB-Neural network toolbox.. Know the application and importance stability analysis.

SYLLABUS:

UNIT –I: Introduction: Approaches to intelligent control, Architecture for intelligent control, Symbolic reasoning system, Rule-based systems, the AI approach, Knowledge representation - Expert systems.

UNIT –II: Artificial Neural Networks: Concept of Artificial Neural Networks and its basic mathematical model, McCulloch-Pitts neuron model, simple perceptron, Adaline and Madaline, Feed-forward Multilayer Perceptron, Learning and Training the neural network, Data Processing: Scaling, Fourier transformation, principal-component analysis and wavelet transformations, Hopfield network, Self-organizing network and Recurrent network, Neural Network based controller.

35

UNIT –III: Fuzzy Logic System: Introduction to crisp sets and fuzzy sets, basic fuzzy set operation and approximate reasoning, Introduction to fuzzy logic modeling and control, Fuzzification, inferencing and defuzzification, Fuzzy knowledge and rule bases, Fuzzy modeling and control schemes for nonlinear systems, Self-organizing fuzzy logic control, Fuzzy logic control for nonlinear time delay system.

UNIT –IV: Genetic Algorithm: Basic concept of Genetic algorithm and detail algorithmic steps, Adjustment of free parameters, Solution of typical control problems using genetic algorithm, Concept on some other search techniques like Tabu search and anD-colony search techniques for solving optimization problems.

UNIT –V: Applications: GA application to power system optimisation problem, Case studies: Identification and control of linear and nonlinear dynamic systems using MATLAB-Neural Network toolbox, Stability analysis of Neural-Network interconnection systems, Implementation of fuzzy logic controller using MATLAB fuzzy-logic toolbox, Stability analysis of fuzzy control systems.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Introduction to Artificial Neural Systems - Jacek.M.Zurada, Jaico Publishing House, 1999.

2. Neural Networks and Fuzzy Systems - Kosko, B., Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., 1994.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Fuzzy Sets, Uncertainty and Information - Klir G.J. & Folger T.A., Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., 1993.

2. Fuzzy Set Theory and Its Applications - Zimmerman H.J. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1994.

3. Introduction to Fuzzy Control - Driankov, Hellendroon, Narosa Publishers.4. Artificial Neural Networks - Dr. B. Yagananarayana, 1999, PHI, New Delhi.5. Elements of Artificial Neural Networks - Kishan Mehrotra, Chelkuri K. Mohan,

Sanjay Ranka, Penram International.6. Artificial Neural Network –Simon Haykin, 2nd Ed., Pearson Education.7. Introduction Neural Networks Using MATLAB 6.0 - S.N. Shivanandam, S. Sumati, S. N.

Deepa,1/e, TMH, New Delhi.

****


36

JAVA Programming(ELECTIVE -I)

UNIT I Object oriented programming concepts– objects – classes – methods and messages –abstraction andencapsulation – inheritance – abstract classes – polymorphism.- Objects and classes in Java – definingclasses – methods - access specifiers – static members – constructors – finalize method

UNIT II Arrays – Strings - Packages – Java-Doc comments –- Inheritance – class hierarchy –polymorphism – dynamic binding – final keyword – abstract classes

UNIT III The Object class – Reflection – interfaces – object cloning – inner classes – proxies - I/O Streams -Graphics programming – Frame – Components – working with 2D shapes.

UNIT IV Basics of event handling – event handlers – adapter classes – actions – mouse events –AWT eventhierarchy – introduction to Swing – Model-View-Controller design pattern –buttons – layout management– Swing Components – exception handling –exception hierarchy – throwing and catching exceptions.

UNIT V Motivation for generic programming – generic classes – generic methods – generic code and virtualmachine – inheritance and generics – reflection and generics - Multi-threaded programming – interruptingthreads – thread states – thread properties – thread synchronization – Executors – synchronizers.

TEXT BOOK1. Cay S. Horstmann and Gary Cornell, “Core Java: Volume I – Fundamentals”, EighthEdition, Sun Microsystems Press, 2008.

REFERENCES1. K. Arnold and J. Gosling, “The JAVA programming language”, Third edition, PearsonEducation, 2000.2. Timothy Budd, “Understanding Object-oriented programming with Java”, UpdatedEdition, Pearson Education, 2000.3. C. Thomas Wu, “An introduction to Object-oriented programming with Java”, FourthEdition, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing company Ltd., 2006.


37

FIBRE OPTIC SENSORS AND DEVICES(Elective-II)

UNIT-I: Optical Sources and Detectors: Light-emitting diode: Principles, Structures, LED characteristics, Modulation of LED.Lasers: Principles, Laser diode structures and radiation pattern, Laser characteristics, Modulation of Semiconductor Laser. Photo detectors: Principles, Quantum efficiency, Responsitivity of P.I.N photodiode, and Avalanche photodiode.

UNIT-II: Optical Fiber Sensors and Devices: Overview of fibre optic sensors - advantages over conventional sensors, broadband classification.Intensity Modulated Optical Fibre Sensors: Introduction, intensity modulation through light

interruption shutter/ schlieren multimode fibre optic sensors - reflective fibre optic sensors,

evanescent wave fibre sensors -microbend optical fibre sensors - fibre optic refractometers,

intensity modulated fibre optic thermometers, distributed sensing with fibre optics.

UNIT-III: Interferometric Optical Fibre Sensors: Introduction, basic principles of interferometric optical fibre sensors, components and applications of interferometric sensors.Fused Single Mode Optical Fibre Couplers: Introduction, physical principles (coupling coefficient) polarization effect, experimental properties, theoretical modelling, and comparison with experiment.

UNIT-IV: Single Mode All Fibre Components: Introduction, directional couplers, polarizes, polarization splitters polarization controllers, optical isolators, single mode fibre filters wave length multiplexers and demultiplexers, switches and intensity modulators, phase and frequency modulators.Fibre Optic Sensor Multiplexing: Introduction, general topological configuration, and incoherent and coherent detection.

UNIT-V: Signal Processing in Monomode Fibre Optic Sensor Systems: Introduction, Transduction mechanisms, Optical Signal Processing, Electronic Processing.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Optical Fiber Communications – Gerd Keiser, 3 rd Ed. McGraw Hill.2. Fundamentals of Fibre Optics in Telecommunication and Sensor Systems - Bishnu P PAL Wiley Eastern Ltd. (1994).

REFERENCE:

1. Optical Fiber Communications and Sensors – Dr. M. Arumugam.


38

VLSI TECHNOLOGY AND DESIGN(Elective-II)

OBJECTIVES:


The basic concepts connected with Fundamentals and applications of VLSI Technology, IC production process, semiconductor processes, design rules and process parameters, layout techniques and process parameters of VLSI Technology.

Concept of Electronic design automation, ASIC and FPGA design flows, SOC designs, design technologies: combinational design techniques, sequential design techniques, state machine logic design techniques and design issues are explained.

After these Design Techniques and issues, we shall study the MOS Technology and fabrication process of PMOS, NMOS, CMOS and Bi-CMOS technologies, comparison of different processes.

We shall also study the Building Blocks of a VLSI circuit like Computer architecture, memory architectures, communication interfaces, mixed signal interfaces and so on.

VLSI Design process, design for testability, technology options, power calculations, package selection, clock mechanisms, mixed signal design are discussed.

Basic electrical properties of MOS and Bi-CMOS circuits, MOS and Bi-CMOS circuit design processes, Basic circuit concepts, scaling of MOS circuits-qualitative and quantitative analysis with proper illustrations and necessary derivations of expressions are explained.

Some architectural issues, switch logic, gate logic, examples of structured design (combinational logic), some clocked sequential circuits, and other system considerations are explained.

Some general considerations of sub systems design processes and an illustration of design processes, design of an ALU subsystem are explained.

Floor Planning, Floor planning methods, off-chip connections are discussed. Architecture Design, Register-Transfer design, high-level synthesis, architectures for

low power, architecture testing, Chip design methodologies are explained.

OUTCOMES:


Understand the Fundamentals and applications, IC production process, semiconductor processes, design rules and process parameters, layout techniques and process parameters of VLSI Technology.

Understand Electronic design automation concept, ASIC and FPGA design flows, SOC designs, design technologies: combinational design techniques, sequential design techniques, state machine logic design techniques and design issues.

Know the MOS Technology and fabrication process of PMOS, NMOS, CMOS and Bi-CMOS technologies, comparison of different processes.

Know the VLSI circuit Computer architecture, memory architectures, communication interfaces, mixed signal interfaces.

39

Know the Design process, design for testability, technology options, power calculations, package selection, and clock mechanisms, mixed signal design of VLSI.

Understand the Basic electrical properties of MOS and Bi-CMOS circuits, MOS and Bi-CMOS circuit design processes, Basic circuit concepts, scaling of MOS circuits-qualitatitive and quantitative analysis with proper illustrations and necessary derivations of expressions.

Know the need of some architectural issues, switch logic, gate logic, examples of structured design (combinational logic), some clocked sequential circuits, other system considerations some general considerations and an illustration of design processes, design of an ALU subsystem.

Understand the Floor planning methods, off-chip connections. Register-Transfer design, high-level synthesis, architectures for low power, architecture testing and Chip design methodologies.

SYLLABUS:

UNIT-I: VLSI Technology: Fundamentals and applications, IC production process,

semiconductor processes, design rules and process parameters, layout techniques and process

parameters.

VLSI Design: Electronic design automation concept, ASIC and FPGA design flows, SOC designs, design technologies: combinational design techniques, sequential design techniques, state machine logic design techniques and design issues.

UNIT-II: CMOS VLSI Design: MOS Technology and fabrication process of pMOS, nMOS, CMOS and BiCMOS technologies, comparison of different processes.

Building Blocks of a VLSI circuit: Computer architecture, memory architectures, communication interfaces, mixed signal interfaces.

VLSI Design Issues: Design process, design for testability, technology options, power calculations, package selection, clock mechanisms, mixed signal design.

UNIT-III: Basic electrical properties of MOS and BiCMOS circuits, MOS and BiCMOS circuit design processes, Basic circuit concepts, scaling of MOS circuits-qualitatitive and quantitative analysis with proper illustrations and necessary derivations of expressions.

UNIT-IV: Subsystem Design and Layout: Some architectural issues, switch logic, gate logic, examples of structured design (combinational logic), some clocked sequential circuits, other system considerations.

Subsystem Design Processes: Some general considerations and an illustration of design processes, design of an ALU subsystem.

UNIT-V: Floor Planning: Introduction, Floor planning methods, off-chip connections.

Architecture Design: Introduction, Register-Transfer design, high-level synthesis, architectures for low power, architecture testing.

Chip Design: Introduction and design methodologies.

40

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Essentials of VLSI Circuits and Systems, K. Eshraghian, Douglas A. Pucknell, Sholeh Eshraghian, 2005, PHI Publications.

2. Modern VLSI Design-Wayne Wolf, 3rd Ed., 1997, Pearson Education.3. VLSI Design-Dr.K.V.K.K.Prasad, Kattula Shyamala, Kogent Learning Solutions Inc.,

2012.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. VLSI Design Technologies for Analog and Digital Circuits, Randall L.Geiger, Phillip E.Allen, Noel R.Strader, TMH Publications, 2010.

2. Introduction to VLSI Systems: A Logic, Circuit and System Perspective- Ming-BO Lin, CRC Press, 2011.

3. Principals of CMOS VLSI Design-N.H.E Weste, K. Eshraghian, 2nd Edition, Addison Wesley.


IMAGE AND VIDEO PROCESSING(Elective II)

OBJECTIVES:

41

The main objectives of this course are given below: The basic concepts and methods to develop foundation in digital image processing and

video processing are introduced. The principal approaches to digital image processing and various applications of digital

image processing is listed. The Importance of various image transforms, image transform properties and its

applications are explained. The importance of image enhancement to process an image so that it is more suitable for

specific application than the original image. Understanding the image enhancement techniques in both spatial domain and frequency

domain. The process of recovering image that has been degraded by noise or any other

degradation phenomenon. Understanding the importance of image segmentation and various methods used for

segmentation. The importance of reducing the data for digital image representation by using various

image compression techniques. The importance of video processing in multimedia, computer networking, graphics etc. Exploring how a video signal is captured, perceived, stored and transmitted. The representation of digital video from analog video signals and importance of digital

representation. To understand the various video formation models in video processing. The importance of motion estimation in video processing, various techniques used for

two dimensional motion estimation. Applications of motion estimation in video processing.

OUTCOMES:

At the end of this course the student can able to: Defining the digital image, representation of digital image, importance of image

resolution, applications in image processing. Know the advantages of representation of digital images in transform domain, application

of various image transforms. Know how an image can be enhanced by using histogram techniques, filtering techniques

etc. Understand image degradation, image restoration techniques using spatial filters and

frequency domain. Know the detection of point, line and edges in images, edge linking through local

processing, global processing. Understand the redundancy in images, various image compression techniques. Know the video technology from analog color TV systems to digital video systems, how

video signal is sampled and filtering operations in video processing. Know the general methodologies for 2D motion estimation, various coding used in video

processing.

UNIT –I: Fundamentals of Image Processing and Image Transforms: Introduction, Image sampling, Quantization, Resolution, Image file formats, Elements of image processing system, Applications of Digital image processingIntroduction, Need for transform, image transforms, Fourier transform, 2 D Discrete Fourier transform and its transforms, Importance of phase, Walsh transform, Hadamard transform, Haar

42

transform, slant transform Discrete cosine transform, KL transform, singular value decomposition, Radon transform, comparison of different image transforms.

UNIT –II: Image Enhancement: Spatial domain methods: Histogram processing, Fundamentals of Spatial filtering, Smoothing spatial filters, Sharpening spatial filters.Frequency domain methods: Basics of filtering in frequency domain, image smoothing, image sharpening, Selective filtering.Image Restoration: Introduction to Image restoration, Image degradation, Types of image blur, Classification of image restoration techniques, Image restoration model, Linear and Nonlinear image restoration techniques, Blind deconvolution

UNIT –III: Image Segmentation: Introduction to image segmentation, Point, Line and Edge Detection, Region based segmentation., Classification of segmentation techniques, Region approach to image segmentation, clustering techniques, Image segmentation based on thresholding, Edge based segmentation, Edge detection and linking, Hough transform, Active contour. Image Compression: Introduction, Need for image compression, Redundancy in images, Classification of redundancy in images, image compression scheme, Classification of image compression schemes, Fundamentals of information theory, Run length coding, Shannon – Fano coding, Huffman coding, Arithmetic coding, Predictive coding, Transformed based compression, Image compression standard, Wavelet-based image compression, JPEG Standards.UNIT -IV: Basic Steps of Video Processing: Analog Video, Digital Video. Time-Varying Image Formation models: Three-Dimensional Motion Models, Geometric Image Formation, Photometric Image Formation, Sampling of Video signals, Filtering operations.

UNIT –V: 2-D Motion Estimation: Optical flow, General Methodologies, Pixel Based Motion Estimation, Block- Matching Algorithm, Mesh based Motion Estimation, Global Motion Estimation, Region based Motion Estimation, Multi resolution motion estimation, Waveform based coding, Block based transform coding, Predictive coding, Application of motion estimation in Video coding.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Digital Image Processing – Gonzaleze and Woods, 3rd Ed., Pearson.2. Video Processing and Communication – Yao Wang, Joem Ostermann and Ya–quin

Zhang. 1st Ed., PH Int.3. S.Jayaraman, S.Esakkirajan and T.VeeraKumar, “Digital Image processing, Tata Mc

Graw Hill publishers, 2009

REFRENCE BOOKS:

1. Digital Image Processing and Analysis-Human and Computer Vision Application with CVIP Tools – Scotte Umbaugh, 2nd Ed, CRC Press, 2011.

2. Digital Video Processing – M. Tekalp, Prentice Hall International. 3. Multidimentional Signal, Image and Video Processing and Coding – John Woods, 2nd Ed,

Elsevier.4. Digital Image Processing with MATLAB and Labview – Vipula Singh, Elsevier.

Video Demystified – A Hand Book for the Digital Engineer – Keith Jack, 5 th Ed., Elsevier.

****

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TRANSDUCERS AND INSTRUMENTATION LAB

Note: The students are required to study and analyze the static & dynamic characteristics of various transducers/sensors using MATLAB®/SIMULINK®. Further they are required to verify the results using necessary hardware in the laboratory.

The students are required to perform the following experiments using necessary software tools and hardware equipment.

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The simulated results should be analyzed with appropriate procedures. The students are required to develop the necessary algorithms, flow

diagrams, source code and result description in case of software experiments. The students are required to analyze the hardware experiments with relevant

applications.

PART A: List of Experiments :( Minimum of Ten Experiments has to be performed)

Cycle - I

1. To determine the variation of Percent error of potentiometer using MATLAB®. 2. To find the step response, Impulse response, Frequency response of First order and

second order Instruments using MATLAB®.3. To find the variation of Gauge factor of a strain gauge with Poisson’s Ratio using

MATLAB®.4. Simulation of PID Controller using SIMULINK®.5. Simulation of a digital control system using SIMULINK®.

Cycle - II

1. LVDT Characteristics2. Measurement of weight using Load cell 3. Measurement of Pressure using Strain Gauge

4. Temperature measurement using Thermistor, Thermocouple, RTD.5. Study of PID Controller Characteristics using Temperature Process Controller 6. Study of PID Controller Characteristics using Level Process Controller7. Study of PID Controller Characteristics using Pressure Process Controller8. Study of PLC based controllers

PART B: Equipment required for Laboratory

Software: i. MATLAB®/SIMULINK®

ii. MATLAB® Control System Toolboxiii. MATLAB® Instrument Control Toolboxiv. MATLAB® Signal Processing Toolboxv. MATLAB® Data Acquisition Toolbox

Hardware: i. Regulated Power supplies ii. Analog/Digital Storage Oscilloscopesiii. Analog/Digital Function Generators iv. Digital Multimetersv. Computer Systems with latest specifications and Windows XP Operating system

*****

45

I M. Tech. II Semester (Instrumentation & Control Systems)

DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEMS

OBJECTIVES:


To understand the fundamentals of data acquisition systems. To understand the capabilities of data acquisition systems.

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To learn about the hardware required for data acquisition systems. To design the data acquisition systems. To implement data acquisition systems using LabVIEW. To understand smart data acquisition systems.

OUTCOMES:


Design and implement data acquisition systems.

SYLLABUS:

UNIT-I: INTRODUCTION: Objective of a DAS, single channel DAS, Multi-channel DAS,Components used in DAS– Converter Characteristics-Resolution-Non-linearity,settling time, Monotonicity.

UNIT-II: ANALOG TO DIGITAL CONVERTERS (ADCS): Classification of A/D converters.Parallel feed back – Successive approximation – Ramp comparison – Dual slope integration – Voltage to frequency – Voltage to Time – Logarithmic types of ADCS. NON-LINEAR DATA CONVERTERS (NDC): Basic NDC configurations – Some common NDACS and NADCS – Programmable non-linear ADCS – NADC using optimal sized ROM – High speed hybrid NADC – PLS based NADC – Switched capacitor NDCS. ADC APPLICATIONS: Data Acquisition systems – Digital signal processing systems – PCM voice communication systems – Test and measurement instruments – Electronic weighing machines.

UNIT-III: DIGITAL TO ANALOG CONVERTERS (DACS): Principles and design of – Parallel R– 2R, Weighted resistor, inverted ladder, D/A decoding – Codes other than ordinary binary. DATA CONVERTER APPLICATIONS: DAC applications – Digitally programmable V/I sources – Arbitrary waveform generators – Digitally programmable gain amplifiers – Analog multipliers/ dividers – Analog delay lines.

UNIT-IV: Monolithic data converters: typical study of monolithic DACS and ADCS. Interfacing of DACS and ADCS to a µP.

UNIT-V: Error budget of DACS and ADCS: Error sources, error reduction and noise reduction techniques in DAS. Error budget analysis of DAS, case study of a DAC and an ADC.

TEXT BOOKS:1. Electronic data converters fundamentals and applications – Dinesh K. Anvekar, B.S. Sonde – Tata McGraw Hill.

REFERENCES:1. Electronic Analog/ Digital conversions – Hermann Schmid – Tata McGraw Hill.2. E.R. Hanateck, User’s Handbook of D/A and A/D converters - Wiley3. Electronic instrumentation by HS Kalsi- TMH 2 nd Edition, 2004.4. Data converters by G.B. Clayton

***

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BIOMEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION

OBJECTIVES:

The main objectives of this course are given below: To know the basic concepts of BMI. To acquaint with cardiovascular system, to be an assistant for cardiologist in dealing with

the equipment.

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To understand the equipment working of different kinds of system like pace makers, defibrillators.

To know about the bio-telemetry. To study about radiation therapy and its impact.

OUTCOMES:


Learned the fundamentals of BMI. Learned about the functionality of cardiovascular system. We have learned how to work with different kinds of biomedical equipment for example

sensors, electrodes. Bio-telemetry is utilized in communication and processing of signals far away and also

give proper treatment to the patient in emergency conditions by giving instructions. It became convenient to decide and diagnosis of the patient.

SYLLABUS:

UNIT-I: Sources of Bioelectric potentials and Electrodes: Resisting and Action Potentials, Propagation of Action Potentials, The Bioelectric Potentials. Electrodes: Electrode theory, Bio Potential Electrodes, Biochemical Transducers, introduction to bio-medical signals.

UNIT-II: The Cardiovascular System: The Heart and Cardiovascular System, The Heart, Blood Pressure, Characteristics of Blood Flow, Heart Sounds, Cardio Vascular Measurements, Electrocardiography, Measurement of Blood Pressure, Measurement of Blood Flow and Cardiac output, Plethysmography, Measurement of Heart Sounds, Event detection, PQRS & T-Waves in ECG, the first & second Heart beats, ECG rhythm analysis, the di-crotic notch in the carotid pulse detection of events and waves, analysis of exercise ECG, analysis of event related potentials, correlation analysis of EEG channels, correlation of muscular contraction.UNIT- III: Patient Care & Monitory and Measurements in Respiratory System: The elements of Intensive Care Monitory, Diagnosis, Calibration and reparability of Patient Monitoring equipment, other instrumentation for monitoring patients, pace makers, defibrillators, the physiology of respiratory system, tests and instrumentation for mechanics of breathing, respiratory theory equipment, analysis of respiration.

UNIT-IV: Bio telemetry and Instrumentation for the clinical laboratory Introduction to bio telemetry, Physiological parameters adaptable to bio telemetry, the components of bio telemetry system, implantable units, applications of telemetry in patient care – The blood, tests on blood cells, chemical test, automation of chemical tests.

UNIT-V: X-ray and radioisotope instrumentation and electrical safety of medical equipment: Generation of Ionizing radiation, instrumentation for diagnostic X-rays, special techniques, instrumentation for the medical use of radioisotopes, radiation therapy - Physiological effects of electrical current, shock Hazards from electrical equipment, Methods of accident prevention, Modern Imaging Systems: Tomography, Magnetic resonance Imaging System, Ultrasonic Imaging System, Medical Thermography.

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TEXT BOOKS:

1. Biomedical Instrumentation and Measurements – C. Cromwell, F.J. Weibell, E.A.Pfeiffer – Pearson education.

2. Biomedical signal analysis – Rangaraj, M. Rangayya – Wiley Inter science – John willey & Sons Inc.

REFERENCES:

1. Hand Book of Bio-Medical Instrumentation – R.S. Khandpur, (TMH)2. Introduction to Bio-Medical Engineering – Domach, (Pearson)3. Introduction to Bio-Medical Equipment Technology – Cart, (Pearson)


PROCESS CONTOL INSTRUMENTATION

OBJECTIVES:

The main objectives of this course are to study

the basic concepts connected with Process and Control systems. different types of Discontinuous, Continuous controller modes their Mathematical

representation, characteristics and response to various types of errors

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the Implementation of Different types of controller modes using OP-amplifiers and flapper-nozzle system.

about different elements used in final section of controller loop. advanced control schemes like feed forward control, Adaptive control, optimal control etc. . about different tuning methods .

OUTCOMES:


understand the process-control characteristics such as elements, modes . acquire the knowledge of control mode implementation and final control element

functions. know the important Advanced control schemes and their significance understand what is controller tuning ,what are the available tuning methods and how to

select a method for a particular application.

SYLLABUS:

UNIT-I Process characteristics: Process load, Process lag, self-regulation. Control system parameters: control lag, dead time, cycling. Discontinuous controller modes: two position, multi position, floating control modes. Continuous controller modes: Mathematical representation and description of individual control modes (P, I &D) and Composite control modes (PI, PD& PID). Response of control modes to linear, step and square wave error signals.UNIT-II Controller mode implementation: Designing of P, I, D, PI, PD& PID using OP-amplifiers and flapper-nozzle system.

UNIT-III Final control: Actuators – Electrical & Pneumatic. Control Valves – Quick opening, linear and equal percentage control valves, valve sizing. I to P, P to I converters.

UNIT-IV Advanced control schemes-cascade control, ratio control, feed forward control, Adaptive control, intelligent control, optimal control and Multivariable control.

UNIT-V Controller tuning-Process reaction curve method, Ziegler-Nicholous method-1/4 Decay ratio, damped oscillation method and frequency response methods.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Process control Instrumentation Technology by Curtis Johnson, Fourth Edition – PHI.2. Principles of Process control by D. Patranabis Second Edition. - TMH

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Hand book of process control by BG Liptak.

*******

51


EMBEDDED SYSTEM DESIGN

OBJECTIVES:

The main objectives of this course are given below: Defining an Embedded System and The basic concepts of Current Technologies,

Integration in system Design, Embedded system design flow, hardware design concepts, and software development.

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Processor in an embedded system and other hardware units, introduction to processor based embedded system design concepts with examples.

Embedded Hardware building blocks, Embedded Processors – ISA architecture models, internal processor design, and processor performance.

An introduction to Board Memory – ROM, RAM, Auxiliary Memory, Memory Management of External Memory, Board Memory and performance.

Input-Output component interfacing in embedded board Input / output – Serial versus Parallel I/O, interfacing the I/O components, I/O components and performance.

A Study on the Board buses – Bus arbitration and timing, integrating the Bus with other board components, Bus performance.

Embedded Software and device Driver design strategies Device drivers, Device Drivers for interrupt-Handling, Memory device drivers, On-board bus device drivers, Board I/O drivers, Explanation about above drivers with suitable examples.

Embedded Operating Systems RTOS basics, multitasking and process Management, Memory Management, I/O and file system management.

Study of RTOS standards example – POSIX, OS performance guidelines, Board support packages, Middleware and Application Software – Middle ware, Middleware examples, Application layer software examples.

Embedded System Design, Development, Implementation and Testing development lifecycle model, creating embedded system architecture, introduction to embedded software development process and tools- Host and Target machines.

The need of linking and locating software, getting embedded software into the target system, issues in Hardware-Software design and co-design is explained.

The need of Testing Implementing the design-The main software utility tool, CAD and the hardware, Translation tools, Debugging tools, testing on host machine, simulators, Laboratory tools, System Boot-Up are explained.

Case studies on Embedded System Design Processor design approach of an embedded system –Power PC Processor based and Micro Blaze Processor based embedded system design on Xilinx platform.

Nios-II Processor based Embedded system design on Altera platform-Respective Processor architectures should be taken into consideration while designing an Embedded System are explained.

OUTCOMES:

At the end of this course the student can able to: Understand the basic concepts of Current Technologies, Integration in system Design,

Embedded system design flow, hardware design concepts, and software development. Understand the Processor in an embedded system and other hardware units, introduction

to processor based embedded system design concepts with examples. Know the Embedded Hardware building blocks, Embedded Processors – ISA architecture

models, internal processor design, and processor performance. Know the An introduction to Board Memory – ROM, RAM, Auxiliary Memory, Memory

Management of External Memory, Board Memory and performance. Know the importance and requirement of real time operating system to perform the task

by an embedded system on real time environment. Understand the Input-Output component interfacing in embedded board Input / output –

Serial versus Parallel I/O, interfacing the I/O components, I/O components and performance.

Know the Embedded Operating Systems RTOS basics, multitasking and process Management, Memory Management, I/O and file system management.

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Performing the Testing and Implementing in the design-The main software utility tool, CAD and the hardware, Translation tools, Debugging tools, testing on host machine, simulators, Laboratory tools, System Boot-Up.

SYLLABUS:

UNIT-I: Introduction: An Embedded System-Definition, Examples, Current Technologies, Integration in system Design, Embedded system design flow, hardware design concepts, software development, processor in an embedded system and other hardware units, introduction to processor based embedded system design concepts.

UNIT-II: Embedded Hardware: Embedded hardware building blocks, Embedded Processors – ISA architecture models, Internal processor design, processor performance, Board Memory – ROM, RAM, Auxiliary Memory, Memory Management of External Memory, Board Memory and performance. Embedded board Input / output – Serial versus Parallel I/O, interfacing the I/O components, I/O components and performance, Board buses – Bus arbitration and timing, Integrating the Bus with other board components, Bus performance.

UNIT-III: Embedded Software: Device drivers, Device Drivers for interrupt-Handling, Memory device drivers, On-board bus device drivers, Board I/O drivers, Explanation about above drivers with suitable examples. Embedded operating systems – Multitasking and process Management, Memory Management, I/O and file system management, OS standards example – POSIX, OS performance guidelines, Board support packages, Middleware and Application Software – Middle ware, Middleware examples, Application layer software examples.

UNIT-IV: Embedded System Design, Development, Implementation and Testing: Embedded system design and development lifecycle model, creating an embedded system architecture, introduction to embedded software development process and tools- Host and Target machines, linking and locating software, getting embedded software into the target system, issues in Hardware-Software design and co-design. Implementing the design-The main software utility tool, CAD and the hardware, Translation tools, Debugging tools, testing on host machine, simulators, Laboratory tools, System Boot-Up.

UNIT-V: Embedded System Design-Case Studies: Case studies- Processor design approach of an embedded system –Power PC Processor based and Micro Blaze Processor based embedded system design on Xilinx platform-NiosII Processor based embedded system design on Altera platform-Respective Processor architectures should be taken into consideration while designing an Embedded System.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Tammy Noergaard “Embedded Systems Architecture: A Comprehensive Guide for Engineers and Programmers”, Elsevier (Singapore) Pvt.Ltd.Publications, 2005.2. Frank Vahid, Tony D. Givargis, “Embedded system Design: A Unified Hardware/Software Introduction”, John Wily & Sons Inc.2002.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Peter Marwedel, “Embedded System Design”, Science Publishers, 2007.2. Arnold S Burger, “Embedded System Design”, CMP.

54

3. Rajkamal, “Embedded Systems: Architecture, Programming and Design”, TMH Publications, Second Edition, 2008.

*****


Control and Guidance Systems

UNIT –I: Introduction to Astrodynamics - Fundamentals of Orbital Mechanics-Orbital Parameters- N-body Problem- Two-body Problem-Different Types of Orbits-Circular, Elliptical, Parabolic, Hyperbolic and Rectilinear Orbits, Energy of the Orbit,

UNIT –II: Orbital Transfer and Rendezvous - LEO,SSPO;GSO,GTO Orbits- Orbital Transfers-Impulse Transfer between Circular Orbits, Hofmann Transfer, Other Co-planar and Non-coplanar Transfers-Orbital Plane Changes.

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UNIT –III: Space Flight, Space Vehicle Trajectories, Re-Entry of Space Vehicle, Re-Entry Dynamics, Ballistic Re-Entry, Skip Re-Entry, Double-Dip Re-Entry, Aerobraking, Lifting Body Re-Entry, Entry Corridor, Equilibrium Glide, Thermal and Structural Constraints, Commanded Drag Guidance.

UNIT –IV: Attitude Control of Satellites, Reaction Wheel, Momentum Wheel, Thrusters, Stabilization of Satellites, Spin Stabilization, Gravity Gradient Stabilisation, Yo-Yo Mechanism, Control Moment Gyros, Orbit Determination of Satellites, Sensors in Satellite AOCs, Dual Spinners, Navigation of Satellites.

UNIT –V: Ascent Guidance, Satellite Rendezvous-Tethered Satellite Systems, Satellite Services, Space Stations, Docking of Spacecrafts. Interplanetary Missions- Lunar and Mars Mission

REFERENCES: 1. Roger R Bate , Fundamentals of Astrodynamics ',Dover Publications Inc, New York, 1971 2. Francis Joseph Hale . Introduction to space Flight", Prentice Hall Inc.,1994 3. Marshall H Kaplan , Modern Spacecrafts Dynamics and Control, John Wiley & Sons 4. Edward V B Stearns , Navigation and Guidance in Space, Prentice-Hall Inc, Englewood Cliffs, NJ 5. William E Wiesel, Space Flight Dynamics \ McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1989


SYSTEM MODELING & SIMULATION

SYLLABUS:

UNIT –I: System Models: Concepts, continuous and Discrete Systems, systems modeling, types of models, subsystems, corporate model, system study.System simulation: Techniques, comparison of simulation and analytical methods, types of simulation, distributed log models, cobwed models.

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UNIT –II: Continuous system simulation: Numerical solution of differential equations, analog computers, hybrid computers, continuous system simulation languages – CSMP, system dynamic growth models, logistic curves.

UNIT –III: Probability concepts in simulation: Monte Carlo techniques, Stochastic variables, probability functions, random number generation algorithms. Queuing Theory: Arrival pattern distribution, service times, queuing disciplines, measure of queues, mathematical solutions to queuing problems.

UNIT –IV: Discrete Systems Simulation: Events generation of arrival patterns, simulation programming tasks, analysis of simulation output.

UNIT –V: GPSS and SEMSCRIPT: General description of GPSS and SEMSCRIPT, programming in GPSS. simulation Programming techniques: Data Structures, implementation of activities, events and queues, event scanning, simulation algorithms in GPSS and SEMSCRIPT.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Geoffery Gordan : Systems Simulation, PHI 1978.


ADVANCED DSP PROCESSORS & ARCHITECTURES

(ELECTIVE-III)

OBJECTIVES:


To provide the revision of the concepts learned in the undergraduate course named, “Digital Signal Processing”.

57

To provide basic concepts of sampling and Transform concepts To get acquainted with an introduction of various types of the number formats for

representing signal and coefficients in DSP Systems. To provide introduction to basic architectural features of the Programmable DSP devices,

Data addressing modes, Execution of the program etc. To come across the popular and widely used Commercial DSP Texas Instruments

families like TMS320C54XX, their architectural features, various addressing modes. To study about Analog devices DSP processors architecture and Black fin Processor. To know various procedures to interface Memory and I/O Peripherals to Programmable

DSP Devices.

OUTCOMES:


Know various number formats of representing signals and filter coefficients. Understand the fundamentals of DSP processor architecture. Have a good knowledge of Pipelining issues and numeric representations. Acquire through knowledge on DSP Processor architectures. Distinguish between Analog DSP Processor and Texas Instruments DSP Processor. Write a program to use DSP Processor for applications like Filter design, implementation

of transform etc. Interface Memory and Input/output devices to a DSP Processor.

UNIT-I: Introduction to Digital Signal ProcessingIntroduction, a Digital signal-processing system, the sampling process, discrete time sequences. Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Linear time-invariant systems, Digital filters, Decimation and interpolation.Computational Accuracy in DSP ImplementationsNumber formats for signals and coefficients in DSP systems, Dynamic Range and Precision, Sources of error in DSP implementations, A/D Conversion errors, DSP Computational errors, D/A Conversion Errors, Compensating filter.

UNIT-II: Architectures for Programmable DSP DevicesBasic Architectural features, DSP Computational Building Blocks, Bus Architecture and Memory, Data Addressing Capabilities, Address Generation UNIT, Programmability and Program Execution, Speed Issues, Features for External interfacing.

UNIT-III: Programmable Digital Signal ProcessorsCommercial Digital signal-processing Devices, Data Addressing modes of TMS320C54XX DSPs, Data Addressing modes of TMS320C54XX Processors, Memory space of TMS320C54XX Processors, Program Control, TMS320C54XX Instructions and Programming, On-Chip Peripherals, Interrupts of TMS320C54XX Processors, Pipeline Operation of TMS320C54XX Processors.

UNIT-IV: Analog Devices Family of DSP Devices Analog Devices Family of DSP Devices – ALU and MAC block diagram, Shifter Instruction, Base Architecture of ADSP 2100, ADSP-2181 high performance Processor.Introduction to Black fin Processor - The Black fin Processor, Introduction to Micro Signal Architecture, Overview of Hardware Processing Units and Register files, Address Arithmetic Unit, Control Unit, Bus Architecture and Memory, Basic Peripherals.

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UNIT-V: Interfacing Memory and I/O Peripherals to Programmable DSP DevicesMemory space organization, External bus interfacing signals, Memory interface, Parallel I/O interface, Programmed I/O, Interrupts and I/O, Direct memory access (DMA).

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Digital Signal Processing – Avtar Singh and S. Srinivasan, Thomson Publications, 2004.

2. A Practical Approach To Digital Signal Processing - K Padmanabhan, R. Vijayarajeswaran, Ananthi. S, New Age International, 2006/2009

3. Embedded Signal Processing with the Micro Signal Architecture: Woon-Seng Gan, Sen M. Kuo, Wiley-IEEE Press, 2007

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Digital Signal Processors, Architecture, Programming and Applications-B. Venkataramani and M. Bhaskar, 2002, TMH.

2. DSP Processor Fundamentals, Architectures & Features – Lapsley et al. 2000, S. Chand & Co.

3. Digital Signal Processing Applications Using the ADSP-2100 Family by The Applications Engineering Staff of Analog Devices, DSP Division, Edited by Amy Mar, PHI

4. The Scientist and Engineer's Guide to Digital Signal Processing by Steven W. Smith, Ph.D., California Technical Publishing, ISBN 0-9660176-3-3, 1997.

*******

M. Tech. II Semester (Instrumentation & Control Systems)

NON-LINEAR & OPTIMAL CONTROL SYSTEMS

OBJECTIVES:


The basic concepts of Non- Linear Control Systems are introduced. Concept of Phase plane analysis, Trajectories, Singular points, phase plane analysis for

linear and Non linear are explained. Introduction to Liapunov stability, second order Liapunov, stability analysis of linear and

non-linear. Introduction to Optimal control system, Characteristics of plant.

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Calculus of variations is discussed. The concepts of Pontriagin’s min/max principle, Hamilton Jacobii’ approach is

explained. Matrix-Riccati equations are explained. The Design of Dynamic Programming are explained.

OUTCOMES:


Understand the basic concepts of Non-Linear Control systems. Understand the functions, Function Analysis of Non-Linear Control systems State Space representation of discrete time system analysis with graphical

representations. Phase plan analysis and construction of Trajectories, singular points, and stability

methods with aid of graphs. Know the importance of Variable gradient and Krosovskii’s method. Understand the concept of Plant and characteristics of plant. A clear concept on Calculus on variations. Know the application and importance of Pontriagin’s principle, Hamilton Jacobii’s and

Matrix-Riccati equations.

SYLLABUS:

Non-linear control systems

UNIT– I: Introduction to Non-Linear Control systems. Describing Functions, Describing function Analysis of Non-Linear Control Systems.

UNIT – II: Introduction to Phase plane analysis, Methods for constructing Trajectories, singular points, phase-plane analysis of linear control systems and Non-linear control systems. Introduction to liapunov stability analysis, second method of liapunov, stability analysis of linear systems, stability analysis of nonlinear systems (Variable gradient method and Krosovskii’s method)

Optimal Control systems

UNIT –III: Introduction to optimal control system, Formulation of optimal Control problem – Characteristics of the plant, requirements made upon the plant, Nature of information about the plant supplied to the controller. Calculus of variations – fixed end problem and variable end problems

UNIT – IV: Pontragin’s minimum/maximum principle, Hamilton Jacobii’s approach, Matrix-Riccati equations.

UNIT – V: Dynamic Programming

TEXT BOOKS:

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1. Modern Control Engineering – Ogata.K. Prentice Hall of India, Eastern Economy Edition, 1986.

2. Modern Control System Theory – M. Gopal, Wiley Eastern, Second edition, 1993.

***


NAVIGATION SYSTEMS(Elective –IV)

OBJECTIVES:The main objectives of this course are given below:

To understand the principle of operation and classification of radars. To gain knowledge about the radar detection criteria, propagation of radar waves and

radar antennas. To understand the various guidance laws and principle of various types of navigation

systems.

OUTCOMES:

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At the end of this course the student can able to: Get the basic idea of various types of radars and characteristics of radar range

equation. Understand the operation of radar receiver and radar propagation. Gain information about guidance versus navigation and the laws associated with

them. Know the types of navigation system and its principle of operation.

SYLLABUS:

UNIT I: Introduction to radars; Block Diagram and Operation; types of radars, Radar equation; Radar Frequencies; Application of Radars; Minimum detectable signal; Signal-to-Noise Ratio- - Integration of Radar Pulses- System losses, Doppler effect, MTI and Pulse Doppler radar.

UNIT II: Detection of Signals in Noise: Matched –Filter Receiver –Detection Criteria – Detectors –-Automatic Detector - Constant-False-Alarm Rate Receivers – Mixers, Duplexers, Radar displays; The Radar Antennas; Phase Shifters; Frequency-Scan Arrays.

UNIT III: Guidance and Navigation: Classifications; Description of tactical missiles. Guidance phases during flight; Categories of Homing and command guidance. The kinematic equations. Missile Guidance laws; Classification of guidance laws - Classical guidance laws; Modern guidance laws. Navigation - Introduction, Guidance versus Navigation, Navigation Equations.

UNIT IV: Aircraft Navigation: Kinds of navigation - Position Fixing and Dead-reckoning systems. Hyperbolic Navigation systems - LORAN; DECCA; OMEGA. Very High Frequency Omni-Directional Range (VOR). Inertial Navigation Systems – basic principles, inertial sensors, accelerometers, RLG and FOG.

UNIT V: Satellite Navigation: Introduction to Satellite communications, Satellite subsystems, Global positioning system, principle of GPS, GPS segments, GPS navigation message, GPS data sub frame, sources of errors in GPS, Differential GPS, DGPS configuration, applications of GPS and DGPS, GPS receivers.

TEXTBOOKS:

1. M .I. Skolnik: Introduction to Radar Systems, Tata McGraw-Hill, 2007.2. M. Kayton and W. Fried: Avionics Navigation System, Wiley Interscience, 1997.3. N.S.Nagaraja, Elements of Electronic Navigation Systems, 2nd Edition, TMH, 2000.4. G Sasibhushana Rao, Global Navigation Satellite Systems, Tata McGraw-Hill, 2010.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. P. Zarchan: Tactical and Strategic Missile Guidance, AIAA, 2007.2. J.C Toomay, " Principles of Radar", 2nd Edition –PHI, 2004

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FUZZY BASED CONTROL SYSTEMS(Elective –IV)

UNIT-I

INTRODUCTION TO NEURAL NETWORKS: Artificial Neural Networks: Basic properties of Neurons, Neuron Models, Feedforward networks – Perceptrons, widrow-Hoff LMS algorithm; Multilayer networks – Exact and approximate representation, Back propagation algorithm, variants of Back propagation, Unsupervised and Reinforcement learning; Symmetric Hopfield networks and Associative memory; Competitive learning and self organizing networks, Hybrid Learning; Computational complexity of ANNs.

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UNIT-II

NEURAL NETWORKS BASED CONTROL: ANN based control: Introduction: Representation and identification, modeling the plant, control structures – supervised control, Model reference control, Internal model control, Predictive control: Examples – Inferential estimation of viscosity an chemical process, Auto – turning feedback control, industrial distillation tower.

UNIT-III

INTRODUCTION TO FUZZY LOGIC: Fuzzy Controllers: Preliminaries – Fuzzy sets and Basic notions – Fuzzy relation calculations – Fuzzy members – Indices of Fuzziness – comparison of Fuzzy quantities – Methods of determination of membership functions.

UNIT-IV

FUZZY LOGIC BASED CONTROL: Fuzzy Controllers: Preliminaries – Fuzzy sets in commercial products – basic construction of fuzzy controller – Analysis of static properties of fuzzy controller – Analysis of dynamic properties of fuzzy controller – simulation studies – case studies – fuzzy control for smart cars.

UNIT-V

NEURO – FUZZY AND FUZZY – NEURAL CONTROLLERS: Neuro – fuzzy systems: A unified approximate reasoning approach – Construction of role bases by self learning: System structure and learning algorithm – A hybrid neural network based Fuzzy controller with self learning teacher. Fuzzified CMAC and RBF network based self-learning controllers.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Bose and Liang, Artificial Neural Networks, Tata Mcgraw Hill, 1996. 2. Kosco B, Neural Networks and Fuzzy Systems: A Dynamic Approach to Machine Intelligence, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi, 1992.

REFERENCES:

1. Klir G.J and Folger T.A, Fuzzy sets, Uncertainty and Information, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi 1994. 2. Simon Haykin, Neural Networks, ISA, Research Triangle Park, 1995.

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DESIGN AND SIMULATION LABORATORY

PART-A: VLSI Lab (Front-end Environment) The students are required to design the logic circuit to perform the following

experiments using necessary simulator (Xilinx ISE Simulator/ Mentor Graphics Questa Simulator) to verify the logical /functional operation and to perform the analysis with appropriate synthesizer (Xilinx ISE Synthesizer/Mentor Graphics Precision RTL) and then verify the implemented logic with different hardware modules/kits (CPLD/FPGA kits).

The students are required to acquire the knowledge in both the Platforms (Xilinx and Mentor graphics) by perform at least FOUR experiments on each Platform.

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List of Experiments:

1. Realization of Logic gates.2. Parity Encoder.3. Random Counter.4. Synchronous RAM.5. ALU.6. UART Model.7. Traffic Light Controller using Sequential Logic circuits8. Finite State Machine (FSM) based logic circuit.

PART-B: VLSI Lab (Back-end Environment) The students are required to design and implement the Layout of the following

experiments of any THREE using CMOS 130nm Technology with Mentor Graphics Tool.

List of Experiments:1. Inverter Characteristics. 2. Full Adder.3. RS-Latch, D-Latch and Clock Divider.4. Synchronous Counter and Asynchronous Counter.5. Digital-to-Analog-Converter.6. Analog-to-Digital Converter.

Lab Requirements for Part-A and Part-B:

Software: Xilinx ISE Suite 13.2 Version, Mentor Graphics-Questa Simulator, Mentor Graphics-Precision RTL, Mentor Graphics Back End/Tanner Software tool.

Hardware: Personal Computer with necessary peripherals, configuration and operating System and relevant VLSI (CPLD/FPGA) hardware Kits.

PART-C: Embedded Systems Laboratory The Students are required to write the programs using C-Language according to the

Experiment requirements using RTOS Library Functions and macros ARM-926 developer kits.

The following experiments are required to develop the algorithms, flow diagrams, source code and perform the compilation, execution and implement the same using necessary hardware kits for verification. The programs developed for the implementation should be at the level of an embedded system design.

The students are required to perform at least THREE experiments.

List of Experiments: (using ARM-926 with PERFECT RTOS)1. Register a new command in CLI.2. Create a new Task.3. Interrupt handling.4. Allocate resource using semaphores.5. Share resource using MUTEX.6. Avoid deadlock using BANKER’S algorithm.

Lab Requirements for PART-C:

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Software: (i) Eclipse IDE for C and C++ (YAGARTO Eclipse IDE), Perfect RTOS Library(ii) LINUX Environment for the compilation using Eclipse IDE & Java with latest

version.

Hardware: (i) The development kits of ARM-926 Developer Kits Boards.(ii) Serial Cables, Network Cables and recommended power supply for the

board.******

Documents

· Web viewThe other applications of multi rate processing in Sub band coding of speech signals and Quadrature Mirror Filter (QMF) are explained. The transfer function of 2-channel