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7/28/2019 Vertical Pump IOM
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Installation, Operation, and Maintenance Instructions
Model VIT
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Pump Safety TipsSafety Apparel:
Insulated work gloves when handling hot bearings or
using bearing heater
Heavy work gloves when handling parts with sharp
edges, especially impellers
Safety glasses (with side shields) for eye protection,
especially in machine shop areas
Steel-toed shoes for foot protection when handling
parts, heavy tools, etc.
Other personal protective equipment to protect against
hazardous/toxic fluids
Coupling Guards:
Never operate a pump without a coupling guard
properly installed
Flanged Connections:
Never force piping to make a connection with a pump
Use only fasteners of the proper size and material
Ensure there are no missing fasteners
Beware of corroded or loose fasteners
Operation:
Do not operate below minimum rated flow, or with
suction/discharge valves closed
Do not open vent or drain valves, or remove plugs
while system is pressurized
Maintenance Safety:
Always lock out power
Ensure pump is isolated from system and pressure is
relieved before disassembling pump, removing plugs,
or disconnecting piping
Use proper lifting and supporting equipment to
prevent serious injury
Observe proper decontamination procedures
Know and follow company safety regulations
Observe all cautions and warnings highlighted in pumpInstallation, Operation and Maintenance Instructions.
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IMPORTANT SAFETY REMINDER
To: Our Valued Customers
Gould' pumps will provide safe, trouble-free service when properly installed, maintained, and operated. We have anextensive network of experienced sales and service professionals to assist in maximizing your satisfaction with our products.
Safe installation, operation, and maintenance of ITT Goulds equipment are an essential end-user responsibilities. ThisInstruction, Operation, and Maintenance (IOM) manual identifies specific safety risks that must be considered at all timesduring product life. Understanding and adhering to these safety warnings is mandatory to ensure personnel, property, and/or theenvironment will not be harmed. Adherence to these warnings alone, however, is not sufficient it is anticipated that the enduser will also comply with industry and corporate safety standards. Identifying and eliminating unsafe installation, operating andmaintenance practices is the responsibility of all individuals involved in the installation, operation, and maintenance of industrialequipment.
Specific to pumping equipment, two significant risks bear reinforcement above and beyond normal safety precautions.
! WARNING
1
Operation of any pumping system with a blocked suction and discharge must be avoided in all cases. Operation, even
for a brief period under these conditions, can cause superheating of enclosed pumpage and result in a violentexplosion. All necessary measures must be taken by the end user to ensure this condition is avoided.
! WARNING
2Pumping equipment Instruction, Operation, and Maintenance manuals clearly identify accepted methods for assembl-
ing pumping units. These methods must be adhered to. Specifically, applying heat to impellers and/or impeller retain-
ing devices to aid in their removal is strictly forbidden. Trapped liquid can rapidly expand and result in a violent
explosion and injury.
Please take the time to review and understand the safe installation, operation, and maintenance guidelines outlined in thismanual.
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FOREWORDThis manual provides instructions for the Installation, Operation, and Maintenance of the ITT Goulds Vertical Model Pumps.
This manual covers the standard product plus common options that are available. For special options, supplemental
instructions are supplied. This manual must be read and understood before installation and start-up.
This instruction manual covers several different pump configurations. Most assembly, disassembly, and inspection
procedures are the same for all the pumps. However, where there are differences, they are called out separately within the
manual. The design, materials, and workmanship incorporated in the construction of ITT Goulds pumps makes them capable
of giving long, trouble-free service. The life and satisfactory service of any mechanical unit, however, is enhanced and
extended by correct application, proper installation, periodic inspection, condition monitoring and careful maintenance. This
instruction manual was prepared to assist operators in understanding the construction and the correct methods of installing,
operating, and maintaining these pumps.
ITT Goulds shall not be liable for physical injury, damage, or delays caused by a failure to observe the instructions
for installation, operation, and maintenance contained in this manual.
! When pumping unit is installed in a potentially explosive atmosphere, the instructions after the Ex symbol must befollowed. Personal injury and/or equipment damage may occur if these instructions are not followed. If there is anyquestion regarding these requirements or if the equipment is to be modified, please contact a ITT Gouldsrepresentative before proceeding.
Warranty is valid only when genuine ITT Goulds parts are used.
Use of the equipment on a service other than stated in the order will nullify the warranty, unless written approval is obtained
in advance from ITT Goulds Pumps.
Supervision by an authorized ITT Goulds representative is recommended to assure proper installation.
Additional manuals can be obtained by contacting your local ITT Goulds representative or by calling 1-800-446-8537.
THIS MANUAL EXPLAINS
n Proper Installation
n Start-up Procedures
n Operation Procedures
n Routine Maintenance
n Pump Overhaul
n Trouble Shooting
n Ordering Spare or Repair Parts
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JOB SPECIFIC TABLE OF CONTENTS
Checked boxes denote items that apply to your specific pump.
SECTION 1 - SAFETY
SECTION 2 - GENERAL INFORMATION
x Introduction
x Receiving and Checking
x Materials and Equipment Required
x Storage
x General Description
SECTION 3 - INSTALLATIONx Foundation / Piping
x Pump Installation
x Installing the Bowl Assembly
o Installing the Column
o Open Lineshaft
o Enclosed Lineshaft
o Installing the Discharge Head
o Installing the Tube Tension Plate
o Tensioning the Enclosing Tube
o Installing Tension Nut
o Lubrication Systemo Stuffing Box Installation
o Installing the Driver
o Solid Shaft Driver
o Coupling Installation
o Impeller Adjustment
o Installation of Solid Shaft Right Angle Gear
o Installing the Driver
o Hollow Shaft Driver
SECTION 4 - OPERATION
x Pump Startup and Operation
SECTION 5 - PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE
o Packing Adjustment and Replacement
o Thrust Pot Lubrication and Maintenance
x Preventive Maintenance Procedures
x Corrective Maintenance
SECTION 6 - DISASSEMBLY AND REASSEMBLYx Disassembly
x Inspection and Reassembly
SECTION 7 - APPENDIX I - INSTALLATION ANDSTARTUP CHECKLIST
CERTIFIED BY
DATE
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TABLE OF CONTENTSPAGE SECTION
9 SAFETY 1
13 GENERAL INFORMATION 2
17 INSTALLATION 3
57 OPERATION 4
61 PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE 5
67 DISASSEMBLY & REASSEMBLY 6
73 APPENDIX 7
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SAFETYDEFINITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
GENERAL PRECAUTIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
EXPLOSION PRECAUTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
SPECIAL ATEX CONSIDERATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10ATEX IDENTIFICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
INTENDED USE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
CONDITION MONITORING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
DEFINITIONS
These pumps have been designed for safe and reliableoperation when properly used and maintained inaccordance with instructions contained in this manual. A
pump is a pressure containing device with rotating partsthat can be hazardous. Operators and maintenance
personnel must realize this and follow safety measures.ITT Goulds Pumps shall not be liable for physical injury,damage or delays caused by a failure to observe theinstructions in this manual.
Throughout this manual the words WARNING,CAUTION, ELECTRICAL, ATEX, and NOTE are usedto indicate procedures or situations which require specialoperator attention:
s! WARNINGOperating procedure, practice, etc. which, if notcorrectly followed, could result in personal injury orloss of life.
$! CAUTIONOperating procedure, practice, etc. which, if notfollowed, could result in damage or destruction ofequipment.
"Particular care must be taken when electrical powersource to the equipment is energized.
! If equipment is to be installed in a potentiallyexplosive atmosphere and these procedures are notfollowed, personal injury or equipment damage froman explosion may result.
NOTE: Operating procedure, condition, etc. which isessential to observe.
EXAMPLES
s! WARNINGPump shall never be operated without coupling guardinstalled correctly.
$! CAUTIONThrottling flow from the suction side may causecavitation and pump damage.
"Lock out driver power to prevent electric shock,accidental start-up, and physical injury.
! Improper impeller adjustment could cause contactbetween the rotating and stationary parts, resultingin a spark and heat generation.
NOTE: Proper alignment is essential for long pump life.
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GENERAL PRECAUTIONS
s! WARNINGPersonal injuries will result if procedures outlined inthis manual are not followed.
CNEVER apply heat to remove impeller. It mayexplode due to trapped liquid.
CNEVER use heat to disassemble pump due torisk of explosion from trapped liquid.
A CNEVER operate pump without coupling guardcorrectly installed.
A DNEVER operate pump beyond the ratedconditions to which the pump was sold.
A DNEVER start pump without proper prime(sufficient liquid in pump casing).
A CNEVER run pump below recommendedminimum flow or when dry.
C BALWAYS lock out power to the driver before
performing pump maintenance.
CNEVER operate pump without safety devicesinstalled.
A CNEVER operate pump with discharge valveclosed.
A DNEVER operate pump with suction valveclosed.
A CDO NOT change conditions of service withoutapproval of an authorized ITT Gouldsrepresentative.
EXPLOSION PREVENTION
! In order to reduce the possibility of accidental explosions in atmospheres containing explosive gases and/or dust, theinstructions under the ATEX symbol must be closely followed. ATEX certification is a specification enforced inEurope for non-electrical and electrical equipment installed in Europe. The usefulness of the ATEX requirements isnot limited to Europe. They are useful guidelines for equipment installed in any potentially explosive environment.
! NOTE: When pumping unit is installed in a potentially explosive atmosphere, the instructions after the Ex symbolmust be followed. Personal injury and/or equipment damage may occur if these instructions are not followed. Ifthere is any question regarding these requirements or if the equipment is to be modified, please contact a ITT Gouldsrepresentative before proceeding.
SPECIAL ATEX CONSIDERATIONS
All installation and operation instructions in this manualmust be strictly adhered to. In addition, care must be taken
to ensure that the equipment is properly maintained. Thisincludes but is not limited to:
1. Monitoring the pump frame and liquid end temperature.
2. Maintaining proper bearing lubrication.
3. Ensuring that the pump is operated in the intendedhydraulic range.
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ATEX IDENTIFICATION
For a pumping unit (pump, seal, coupling, motor and pumpaccessories) to be certified for use in an ATEX classifiedenvironment, the proper ATEX identification must be
present.
The ATEX tag would be secured to the pump or thebaseplate on which it is mounted. A typical tag would looklike this:
The CE and the Ex designate the ATEX compliance. Thecode directly below these symbols reads as follows:
II = Group 2
2 = Category 2
G/D = Gas and Dust present
Tx =Temperature class, can be T1 to Tx(see Table 1)
Table 1
Code
Maxpermissible
surfacetemperature
oF (oC)
Max permissibleliquid temperature
oF (oC)T1 842 (450) 700 (372)
T2 572 (300) 530 (277)
T3 392 (200) 350 (177)
T4 275 (135) 235 (113)
T5 212 (100) Option not available
T6 185 (85) Option not available
The code classification marked on the equipment should bein accordance with the specified area where the equipmentwill be installed. If it is not, please contact your ITT
Goulds representative before proceeding.
INTENDED USE
The ATEX conformance is only applicable when the pump
unit is operated within its intended use. All instructionswithin this manual must be followed at all times. Operat-ing, installing or maintaining the pump unit in any way thatis not covered in this manual can cause serious personalinjury or damage to the equipment. This includes
any modification to the equipment or use of parts not
provided by ITT Goulds. If there is any question regardingthe intended use of the equipment, please contact an ITTGoulds representative before proceeding.
CONDITION MONITORING
For additional safety precautions, and where noted inthis manual, condition monitoring devices should beused. This includes, but is not limited to:u
Pressure gaugesu Flow meters
u Level indicators
uMotor load readings
u Temperature detectors
uBearing monitors
u Leak detectors
u PumpSmart control system
For assistance in selecting the proper instrumentation andits use, please contact your ITT Goulds representative.
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GENERAL INFORMATIONI N T R O D U C T I O N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3
RECEIVING AND CHECKING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT REQUIRED. . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
STORAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14GENERAL DESCRIPTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
INTRODUCTION
$! CAUTIONThe information in this manual is intended to be usedas a guide only. If you are in doubt, consult the factoryat 562-949-2113 for specific information about your
pump. See the pump nameplate and / or your pumpoutline drawing for the correct impeller lift setting.
The design, material, and workmanship incorporated in theconstruction of ITT Goulds pumps makes them capable ofgiving long, trouble free service. The life and satisfactoryservice of any mechanical unit, however, is enhanced andextended by correct application, proper installation,
periodic inspection and careful maintenance. Thisinstruction manual was prepared to assist operators inunderstanding the construction and the correct methods ofinstalling, operating, and maintaining these pumps.
s! WARNINGRotating components of the pump assembly must becovered with a suitable rigid guard to prevent injury to
personnel.
! Improper impeller adjustment could cause contactbetween the rotating and stationary parts, resultingin a spark and heat generation.
Study thoroughly Sections 1 through 6 and carefully follow
the instructions for installing and operating. Section 5contains answers to troubleshooting and maintenancequestions. Keep this instruction manual handy forreference. Further information can be obtained bycontacting the Vertical Pump Operations, ITT GouldsPumps, City of Industry, California (562) 949-2113 or yourlocal branch office.
s! WARNINGITT Goulds Pumps will not be liable for any damagesor delay caused by failure to comply with the provisionsof this instruction manual.
RECEIVING AND CHECKING
The pump should be carefully supported prior to unloadingfrom the carrier. Handle all components carefully.Inspection for damage of the shipping crate should be made
prior to unpacking the pump. After unpacking, visually
inspect the pump and check the following:
1. Contents of the pump assembly against the packinglist.
2. All components against damage.
3. Shafting for straightness and damage, should the cratebe broken or show careless handling.
Any shortages or damage should be immediately called tothe attention of the local freight agent of the carrier bywhich the shipment arrived and proper notation made onthe bill. This will prevent any controversy when claim is
made and facilitate prompt and satisfactory adjustment.
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MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT REQUIRED
The material and equipment necessary for installation of thepump will vary with the size of the pump and the type ofinstallation.
The following list of standard tools and supplies is offeredonly as a guide.
BULK MATERIAL
Anti-Galling lubricant (such as Dow Corning"MOLYKOTE")
Thread Compound
Lubrication Oil
Turbine Oil
Grease
Solvent, petroleum based (kerosene, distillate or
unleaded gasoline)
RIGGING EQUIPMENT
Mobile power hoist, traveling crane, or derrick
Drag line and blocks
Elevator clamps, if unit is unassembled
Clevises - for use with eyebolts
Timbers - size, length, and quantity to support longpump parts on the floor
I-Beams or timbers to support pump over installation
HAND TOOLS
Pipe wrenches
Feeler gauges
Set of mechanics tools including: files, wire brush,pliers, wire cutters and pocket knife.
Clean rags
OPTIONAL TOOLS TOFACILITATE PUMP ASSEMBLY ANDDISASSEMBLY
Dial indicator to assist in motor and pump alignment.
Collet driver to assist in bowl assembly anddisassembly (for pumps with taper lock impellersonly).
STORAGE
ITT Goulds Pumps carefully preserves and protects itsproducts for shipment. However, the effective life of thepreservatives applied at the factory can vary from 3 to 18months depending on the severity of the environment inwhich the equipment is stored. This section provides
procedures for preparation prior to storage and maintenanceduring storage of ITT Goulds pumps. These procedures arenecessary to protect the precision parts of the pumps.Specific procedures for storing motors, gearheads, and
engines, should be obtained from the equipmentmanufacturer. This section is intended to be of generalassistance to users of ITT Goulds pumps. It shall notmodify, amend and/or otherwise alter the scope of ITTGoulds Pumps warranty responsibilities to the purchaser inany way whatsoever.
STORAGE PREPARATIONITT Goulds vertical pumps require proper preparation forstorage and regular maintenance during storage. The pumpshall be considered in storage when it has been delivered tothe job site and is awaiting installation.
Preferably, the storage area shall be paved, well drainedand free from flooding, and be indoors whenever possible.
Weather-proof coverings used for outdoor storage shall beflame resistant type sheeting or tarpaulins. They shall be
placed so as to provide good drainage and air circulationand shall be tied down to protect from wind damage.
Storage area shall be maintained in a clean condition at alltimes.
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Pumps and/or component parts shall be placed on skids,pallets, or shoring to permit good air circulation.
Pumps and/or component parts shall be sorted so as topermit ready access for inspection and/or maintenancewithout excessive handling.
Pumps and/or component parts stacked during storage shall
be arranged so that the racks, containers, or crates bear fullweight without distortion of pumps or parts. Identificationmarkings must be readily visible. Any cover removed forinternal access shall be replaced immediately.
Pump and bowl assembly shafting shall be rotated counterclockwise, as a minimum, once a month. Shaft shall not beleft in the same previous position, nor in the extreme raisedor lowered lateral position. Shaft should rotate freely.
NOTE: For further information on these procedures,contact your ITT Goulds Pumps representative.
RECOMMENDED STORAGE
PROCEDURESControlled storage facilities should be maintained at aneven temperature 10 degrees F (6 degrees C) or more abovethe dew point with relative humidity less than 50% andlittle or no dust. (If these requirements cannot be met, the
pump is to be considered in uncontrolled storage.)
For uncontrolled storage periods of 6 months or less, thepump is to be inspected periodically to insure that allpreservatives are intact.
All pipe threads and flanged pipe covers are to be sealedwith tape.
The pump must not be stored closer than six inches (15 cm)from the ground.
UNCONTROLLED LONG TERMSTORAGE PREPARATIONSWhen applicable to the pump, storage periods over sixmonths require the preceding storage procedure and storage
preparation plus the following:
Inspect the lube oil and seal flush piping and either fill thepiping with rust preventative oil, or recoat the pipingperiodically to prevent corrosion.
Place 10 pounds (4.5 kg) of moisture absorbing desiccantor 5 pounds (2.3 kg) of vapor phase inhibitor crystals nearthe center of the pump. If the pump is assembled, place anadditional one pound (0.5 kg) in the discharge nozzlesecurely fastened to the discharge elbow.
Install a moisture indicator near the perimeter of the pump.Cover the pump with 6 mil (0.15 mm) minimum thickness
black polyethylene or equal and seal it with tape. Provide asmall ventilation hole approximately 1/2 inch (12 mm)diameter.
Provide a roof or shed shelter to protect from directexposure to the elements.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The Model VIT pump is a vertical industrial turbine typepump which is designed to meet many wide ranges ofservice. The VIT pump features capacities to 60,000 GPM(13,630 m3/h), heads to 4500 feet (1372 m), and pressuresto 3000 PSIG (210 kg/cm2).
DRIVERSWhere mechanical seals are required, the most commontype of drivers supplied are solid shaft electric motors withadjustable spacer type couplings. Solid shaft drivers are
recommended when mechanical seals are used. This willpermit the replacement of the mechanical seal withoutdisturbing the driver. Solid shaft right angle gear drives arealso used occasionally. When packed stuffing boxes areused with open lineshaft pumps, or if the pump unit is ofthe enclosed lineshaft / oil lubricated type, hollowshaftmotors or right angle gear drives are often used with aseparate driveshaft through the driver and connected to the
pump by a rigid flanged coupling.
DISCHARGE HEADThe discharge head is a fabricated "L" type head. Ports are
provided for connecting the discharge gauge, stuffing boxor mechanical seal bypass return. The driver support
portion of the discharge head is designed with large handholes for easy mechanical seal or stuffing box adjustment.
COLUMNFlanged column construction provides positive shaft and
bearing alignment, and also ease of assembly and
disassembly. Bearings are spaced to provide vibration freeoperation below the shaft first critical speed in order toinsure long bearing and shaft wear. The lineshaft issupported within the column by use of bearing retainerswithin the column assembly. These retainers are usuallyintegrally fabricated for all diameters.
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BOWL ASSEMBLYThe bowls are generally of flanged construction foraccurate alignment and ease of assembly and disassembly.Impellers may be either open or enclosed, depending on thedesign requirements. For temperatures over 1800 F(820 C) and in the larger size bowls, impellers are keyedto the shaft. A special first stage low NPSH impeller may
be provided in certain applications.
THRUST POTA thrust pot is utilized when the driver is not designed tocarry the pump thrust.
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INSTALLATIONF O U N D A T I O N / P I P I N G . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7
PUMP INSTALLATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
INSTALLING THE BOWL ASSEMBLY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
INSTALLING THE COLUMN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21OPEN LINESHAFT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1
ENCLOSED LINESHAFT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
INSTALLING THE DISCHARGE HEAD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
INSTALLING THE TUBE TENSION PLATE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
TENSIONING THE ENCLOSING TUBE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
INSTALLING THE TENSION NUT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
LUBRICATION SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
STUFFING BOX INSTALLATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
MECHANICAL SEAL INSTALLATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
INSTALLING THE DRIVER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
SOLID SHAFT DRIVER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43HOLLOW SHAFT DRIVER. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
! When pumping unit is installed in a potentially explosive atmosphere, the instructions after the Ex symbol must befollowed. Personal injury and/or equipment damage may occur if these instructions are not followed. If there is anyquestion regarding these requirements or if the equipment is to be modified, please contact a ITT Gouldsrepresentative before proceeding.
FOUNDATION/PIPING
SUB BASE (SOLE PLATE)INSPECTIONSub Base and Sole Plate are terms in common use todescribe a general class of solid steel plates mounted ingrout (or bolted to steel structures) at the pump-foundationinterface.
1. Remove the Sub Base from the Pump Discharge Head,when shipped assembled.
2. Completely clean the underside of the Sub Base. It issometimes necessary to coat the underside of the SubBase with an epoxy primer. This may have been
purchased as an option.
3. Remove the rust preventative solution from themachined topside with an appropriate solution.
SITE WITH CONCRETEFOUNDATION
1. A pump should have adequate space for operation,maintenance, and inspection.
2. Sub Base mounted pumps are normally grouted on aconcrete foundation, which has been poured on a solidfooting. The foundation must be able to absorb anyvibration and to form a permanent, rigid support forthe pumping unit.
3. The foundation must be of adequate strength tosupport the complete weight of the pump, plus the
weight of the liquid passing through it. A typicalinstallation will have bolts with a pipe sleeve 2 1/2times the bolt diameter embedded in the concrete,sized and located in accordance with the dimensionsgiven on the Pump Certified Outline Drawing. The
pipe sleeve allows movement for final positioning ofthe foundation bolts to conform to the holes in the SubBase flange. Fig. 1 shows a typical installation.
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! All equipment being installed must be properlygrounded to prevent unexpected static electricaldischarge. If not, a static electric discharge mayoccur when the pump is drained and disassembledfor maintenance purposes.
4. Remove water and/or debris from anchor boltholes/sleeves prior to grouting. If the sleeve type boltsare being used, fill the sleeves with packing or rags to
prevent grout from entering.
5. Carefully lower the Sub Base onto the foundationbolts. Hand tighten the bolt nuts.
6. Leveling the Sub Base may be done by severalmethods. Two common methods are:
A. Leveling wedges. This is shown in Fig. 2.
B. Leveling nuts on the anchor bolts.
Regardless of the method, a machinist level must beused for leveling.
NOTE: When using a machinist level, it is importantthat the surface being leveled is free of allcontaminants, such as dust, to ensure an accuratereading.
7. Level the Sub Base in two directions at 90 degrees onthe machined surface. The levelness tolerance is 0.005inches per foot for commercial, and 0.001 inches perfoot for API.
SUB BASE GROUTING
1. Inspect foundation for dust, dirt, oil, chips, water, etc.and remove any contaminants. Do not use oil-basedcleaners as grout will not bond to it. Refer to groutmanufacturer's instructions.
2. Build dam around foundation. Thoroughly wetfoundation.
3. Pour grout between Sub Base and concrete foundation,up to level of dam. Remove air bubbles from grout asit is poured by puddling, using a vibrator, or pumping
the grout into place. Non-shrink grout is recommended.
4. Allow grout to set at least 48 hours.
5. Tighten foundation bolts.
SITE WITH STRUCTURAL STEELFOUNDATION
1. When the pump is mounted directly on a structuralsteel frame, pumps shall be located directly over, or asnear as possible, to the main building members, beams,or walls. The Discharge Head mounting flange, or Sub
Base, shall be bolted to the support to avoid distortion,prevent vibration, and retain proper alignment.
2. If a Sub Base is being bolted to a structural steelfoundation, or the Sub Base is not grouted to theconcrete foundation, use shims for leveling the plate.
PIPINGGuidelines for piping are given in the "Hydraulic InstituteStandards" available from: Hydraulic Institute, 9 SylvanWay, Parsippany, NJ 07054-3802 and must be reviewed
prior to pump installation.
s! WARNINGNever draw piping into place by forcing at the flangeconnections of the pump. Pipe strain will adverselyeffect the operation of the pump resulting in physicalinjury and damage to the equipment.
1. All piping must be supported independently of, andline up naturally with, the pump flange.
2. DO NOT connect piping to pump until grout hashardened and pump hold down bolts have beentightened.
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Fig. 2
A
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3. It is suggested that expansion loops or joints, if used,be properly installed in discharge line when handlingliquids at elevated temperatures, so linear expansion of
piping will not draw pump out of alignment.
4. Carefully clean all pipe parts, valves and fittings, andpump branches prior to assembly.
5. Isolation and check valves should be installed in
discharge line. Locate the check valve betweenisolation valve and pump, this will permit inspection ofthe check valve. The isolation valve is required forregulation of flow, and for inspection and maintenanceof pump. The check valve prevents pump or sealdamage due to reverse flow through the pump whenthe driver is turned off.
6. Increasers, if used, should be placed between pumpand check valves.
7. Cushioning devices should be used to protect the pumpfrom surges and water hammer if quick-closing valvesare installed in the system.
FINAL PUMP CHECK
1. Rotate shaft several times by hand to be sure that thereis no binding and all parts are free.
2. Check alignment, per the alignment procedure outlinedin the Operation section to determine absence of pipestrain. If pipe strain exists, correct piping.
PUMP INSTALLATION
!When pumping unit is installed in a potentially explosive atmosphere, the instructions after the Ex symbol must befollowed. Personal injury and/or equipment damage may occur if these instructions are not followed. If there is anyquestion regarding these requirements or if the equipment is to be modified, please contact a ITT Gouldsrepresentative before proceeding.
Pumps 20 feet (6m) or less in length are usually shippedassembled, with the exception of the driver, packing,mechanical seal with tubing and coupling assembly, spaceror non spacer type. When provided, refer to the CertifiedPump Outline for the applicable baseplate plan for locationof anchor bolt holes.
INSTALLING A PARTIALLYASSEMBLED PUMP
1. If a baseplate was supplied, install as described in theFoundation/Pipingsection.
2. Clean the plate mounting flange and clean bottomsurface of discharge head mounting flange.
3. Sling through discharge hand holes or thread twoeyebolts through bolt holes in mounting flange andhoist unit into position over foundation.
NOTE: Eyebolts or sling should be rated to handle inexcess of the pump weight (see Outline Drawing).
4. Lower the unit and carefully guide it so that unit doesnot strike the sides of the baseplate. Continue to lowerunit until the discharge head flange engages and restsfirmly on the plate, then secure with capscrews
provided.
5. When a lineshaft is shipped separately, check shaft forstraightness; average total runout should not exceed0.005" T.I.R. (0.127mm) for every 10 feet (3m). Shaft
must be within tolerance prior to installation.
6. Remove stuffing box (if installed) and carefully slideshaft through top column bearing retainer and threadinto coupling after replacing stuffing box or sealhousing. Use extreme care not to damage bearingretainer.
7. Refer to the remainder of this manual for completeassembly, startup, maintenance, disassembly andrecommended lubricants for the pump.
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INSTALLING THE BOWL ASSEMBLY
The following bowl installation instructions apply to pumpsshipped disassembled.
s! WARNINGDo not work under a heavy suspended object unlessthere is positive support and safe guards which willprotect personnel should a hoist or sling fail.
$ CAUTIONDo not attempt to lift bowl assembly by the pumpshaft.This can result in damaging the pumpshaft.
1. Prior to installing the bowl assembly, check that allcapscrews are tight and any integral piping is installed.Remove all accumulated dust, oil, or other foreignmaterial from the external surfaces.
2. Place two I-beam supports across the baseplateopening strong enough to safely support the weight ofthe entire pump assembly. These I-beams should beconnected by threaded rods and nuts so as to clampthem firmly together for the portion to be supported(See Fig. 3).
3. Put in place a suitable hoist or derrick over baseplateopening. Place the elevator clamps just below thedischarge bowl flange or install two threaded eye boltsthrough bolt holes in flange 180apart.
4. Attach sling to elevator clamps or eye bolts and hoistinto position over foundation opening (See Fig. 3).
5. Carefully lower bowl assembly, guiding the unit so itdoes not strike the sides of the opening. Continue tolower bowl assembly until the elevator clamps ordischarge bowl flange rests firmly on the I-beamsupports.
6. Place a cover over the discharge bowl opening toprevent entrance of dirt or other foreign matter.
$! CAUTIONDo not drop any foreign object into the bowl assembly.Such an object can cause serious damage to the pumpand any downstream components. Any foreign objectdropped into the bowl assembly must be retrieved priorto continuing assembly.
THREADED COUPLINGINSTALLATION
$! CAUTIONUse "MOLYKOTE" Dow-Corning or equal for allgalling material such as 316 stainless steel.
NOTE: Shaft threads are left hand.
When the threaded coupling is not installed on the
pumpshaft, install as follows:1. Coat the threads with a light coat of oil for a
non-galling material, or Molykote for galling material.
2. Install threaded coupling onto pumpshaft by threadingit on for one-half its length. A fine wire inserted in thedrill hole at the center of the coupling can be used as agauge to determine when the coupling is correctly
positioned on the pumpshaft. Remove the wire afterinstalling the coupling.
KEYED COUPLING INSTALLATIONFor a pump with keyed shaft coupling, proceed to
Installing The Column section.
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INSTALLING THE COLUMN
OPEN LINESHAFTPump lineshafts are connected with either threaded orkeyed couplings. Follow only those procedures appropriatefor the type of lineshaft coupling supplied.
THREADED LINESHAFTCOUPLINGSWhen provided, see the Certified Pump Outline Drawingfor the number of column and shaft sections required.
1. Check the headshaft (608) and lineshaft (646) forstraightness. Average total runout should be less than0.0005" TIR (0.013 mm) per foot (0.305 m), not toexceed 0.005" T.I.R. (0.127 mm) for every 10 feet (3m) of shafting.
2. See Fig. 5. Apply a thin film of oil to lineshaft (646)and coupling (649) threads (if non-galling material, or
Molykote if galling material). Start thread manuallyuntil resistance is felt. A fine wire inserted in the drillhole at the center of the coupling can be used as agauge to determine when the coupling is correctly
positioned on the shaft. Remove the wire afterinstalling the coupling. Complete the joint using a pairof pipe wrenches, one on the top of pumpshaft (660)and the other on coupling (649). Run the upperlineshaft into the coupling until it is hand tight. Usecare not to apply wrenches on bearing journal surfaces.
$ CAUTIONUse "MOLYKOTE" Dow-Corning or equal for all galling
material such as 316 stainless steel.NOTE: Shaft threads are left hand.
3. Install two eyebolts diametrically opposite in the upperflange of bottom column (644). Attach a sling to theeyebolts and to the hoist hook. Hoist column sectionover bowl assembly. Lower column over lineshaft untilcolumn flange engages the discharge bowl flangeregister. Insert as many capscrews (760C) through bothflanges as possible. Tighten capscrews gradually indiametrically opposite pairs.
4. Lift bowl and column assembly high enough to allowrotation of the I-beam supports. Install and tighten
remaining capscrews.
5. Lift assembly and remove supports. Slowly lower thebowl and column assembly. Place supports on thebaseplate and continue to lower the assembly until thecolumn flange comes to rest on the supports.
NOTE: Normally, the bearing retainer will be integralwith the column. The top flange of the column willhave a male register and the bottom flange of thecolumn will have a female register. If you have
separate bearing retainers, there will be a femaleregister in the flanges at both ends of the column.Follow step 6 below.
6. Place bearing retainer (653) with bearing (652) overlineshaft (646) and locate it in the bottom column(644) flange register (See Fig. 5).
7. Install threaded coupling (649) on protruding end oflineshaft (646), if required.
8. Assemble next column (642) section, or top column(641) as required, and make certain bottom columnregister [or bearing retainer (643)] engages the topcolumn register, and secure with capscrews (760B)
and hex nuts (735A) provided until all column andlineshaft sections required for the proper pump settinghave been assembled. Tighten capscrews into hex nutsgradually and uniformly.
NOTE: Where separate bearing retainers are used, donot overtighten flange bolts in order to make flangefaces meet. Flange faces are designed to be separatedby bearing retainer (653).
KEYED LINESHAFT COUPLINGSWhen provided, see the Certified Pump Outline Drawingfor the number of column and shaft sections required.
1. Check the headshaft (608) and lineshaft (646) forstraightness. Average total runout should not exceed0.010" T.I.R. (0.25 mm) for every 10 feet (3 m).
2. Apply a thin film of oil to lineshaft.
3. See Fig. 4.
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Fig. 4
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4. Insert key (730) onto pumpshaft (660).
5. Lower sleeve (734) over pumpshaft to approximatelyone inch below top of shaft.
6. Lower lineshaft until it touches pump shaft. Insert splitring (726) into grooves in pumpshaft and lineshaft.Raise sleeve (734) until it covers split ring (726).
7. Insert key (730) onto lineshaft (646). Raise sleeve(734) to top of key (730).
8. Secure sleeve (734) to split ring (726) with lock screw(760) and lock wire (788).
9. Install two eyebolts diametrically opposite in the upperflange of column (644). Attach a sling to the eyeboltsand to the hoist hook. Hoist column section over bowlassembly. Lower column over lineshaft until columnflange engages the discharge bowl flange register.Insert as many capscrews through both flanges as
possible. Tighten capscrews gradually in diametricallyopposite pairs.
10. Lift bowl and column assembly high enough to allowrotation of the I-beam supports. Install and tightenremaining capscrews.
11. Lift assembly and remove supports. Slowly lower thebowl and column assembly. Place supports on thebaseplate and continue to lower the assembly until thecolumn flange comes to rest on the supports.
NOTE: Normally, the bearing retainer will be integralwith the column. The top flange of the column willhave a male register and the bottom flange of thecolumn will have a female register. If you haveseparate bearing retainers, there will be a femaleregister in the flanges at both ends of the column.Follow step 12 below.
12. Place bearing retainer (653) with bearing (652) overlineshaft (646) and locate it in the bottom column(644) flange register (See Fig. 5).
13. Install next lineshaft coupling assembly on protrudingend of lineshaft (646), if required, per steps 4-8 above.
14. Assemble next column (642) section, or top column(641) as required, and make certain bottom columnregister [or bearing retainer (653)] engages the topcolumn register, and secure with capscrews provideduntil all column and lineshaft sections required for the
proper pump setting have been assembled. Tightencapscrews gradually and uniformly.
NOTE: Where separate bearing retainers are used, donot overtighten flange bolts in order to make flangefaces meet. Flange faces are designed to be separatedby bearing retainer (653).
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CROSS SECTIONALVIT-FF (PRODUCT LUBE)
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Fig. 5
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ENCLOSED LINESHAFTPump lineshafts are connected with either threaded orkeyed couplings. Follow only those procedures appropriatefor the type of lineshaft coupling supplied.
THREADED LINESHAFTCOUPLINGS
When provided, see the Certified Pump Outline Drawingfor the number of column and shaft sections required.
1. Check the headshaft and lineshaft for straightness.Average total runout should be less than 0.0005" TIR(0.013 mm) per foot (0.305 m), not exceed 0.005"T.I.R. (0.127 mm) for every 10 feet (3 m).
2. See Fig. 7. Apply a thin film of oil to lineshaft andcoupling (649) threads (if non-galling material,Molykote or equivalent if galling material). Startthread manually until resistance is felt. A fine wireinserted in the drill hole at the center of the couplingcan be used as a gauge to determine when the couplingis correctly positioned on the shaft. Remove the wire
after installing the coupling. Complete the jointutilizing a pair of pipe wrenches butting the bottom oflineshaft (646) against the top of pumpshaft (660). Usecare not to apply wrenches on bearing journal surfaces.
3. Shafting and enclosing tube will usually be made up in10' (3m) lengths, with one odd length, generallyshorter, to come out with the proper T.P.L. required bythe installation. The same will apply to the column
pipe. These odd lengths must go together, and areusually the top lengths, unless otherwise designated.The enclosing tube (654), although probably made upin 10' (3m) lengths as described, is actually composedof shorter sections screwed together over externally-
threaded bronze tube bearings (656). The verytop-most piece of lineshaft tubing, the tube nipple(629), which extends up into the discharge head (600),may be distinguished by its having a long, externallythreaded portion.
4. Attach a small, adjustable, pipe vise type of liftingdevice to a 10' (3m) enclosing tube (654) assembly andraise up and lower the assembly over the first length ofshaft attached to the bowl. If such a device is notavailable, use a piece of light manila line, fastened tothe tubing by a clove hitch or a double half hitch.
5. Apply "Never Seize" or some other non-hardening
compound to the matching threads of the pump topscrew bearing (664) and take up tightly.
6. Install the first length of column pipe (644) over thetube (654) as follows: Install two eyebolts diamet-rically opposite in the upper flange of column (644).Attach a sling to the eyebolts and to the hoist hook.Hoist column section over enclosing tube / bowlassembly. Lower column over enclosing tube (654)until column flange engages the discharge bowl (669)flange register. Insert as many capscrews (760)
through both flanges as possible. Tighten capscrewsgradually in diametrically opposite pairs.
7. Lift entire assembly by the column pipe eyebolts andremove the supports. Slowly lower the bowl andcolumn assembly. Place the supports on the baseplateand continue to lower the assembly until the uppercolumn flange comes to rest on the supports.
8. Pour about one quart of light turbine oil into the toptubing section and screw the tube bearing (656) intothe top length until it bottoms, ready to receive thenext length of tubing assembly.
$ CAUTIONUse a light turbine oil of S.A.E. 10 or equivalent. Donot use automotive oils.
9. Install lineshaft coupling (649) onto projecting end oflineshaft (646) for half the length of the coupling andcontinue on with each succeeding joint in samemanner until all are installed.
KEYED LINESHAFT COUPLINGSWhen provided, see the Certified Pump Outline Drawingfor the number of column and shaft sections required.
1. Check the headshaft (608) and lineshaft (646) for
straightness. Average total runout should not exceed0.005" T.I.R. (0.127 mm) for every 10 feet (3 m).
2. Apply a thin film of oil to lineshaft.
3. See Fig. 6.
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Fig. 6
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4. Insert key (730) onto pumpshaft (660).
5. Lower sleeve (734) over pumpshaft to approximatelyone inch below top of shaft.
6. Lower lineshaft (646) until it touches pumpshaft (660).Insert split ring (726) into grooves in pumpshaft andlineshaft. Raise sleeve (734) until it covers split ring(726).
7. Insert key (730) onto lineshaft. Raise sleeve (734) totop of key (730).
8. Rotate sleeve (734) and secure to split ring (726) withlock screw (760) and lock wire (788).
9. Shafting and enclosing tube will usually be made up in10' (3m) lengths, with one odd length, generallyshorter, to come out with the proper T.P.L. required bythe installation. The same will apply to the column
pipe. These odd lengths must go together, and areusually the top lengths unless otherwise designated.The enclosing tube (654), although probably made upin 10' (3m) lengths as described, is actually composed
of shorter sections screwed together over externallythreaded bronze tube bearings (656). The verytop-most piece of lineshaft tubing, the tube nipple(629), which extends up into the discharge head (600),may be distinguished by its having a long, externallythreaded portion.
10. Attach a small, adjustable, pipe vise type of liftingdevice to a 10' (3m) enclosing tube (654) assembly andraise up and lower the assembly over the first length ofshaft attached to the bowl. If such a device is notavailable, use a piece of light manila line, fastened tothe tubing by a clove hitch or a double half hitch.
11. Apply "Never Seize" or some other non-hardeningcompound to the matching threads of the pump topscrew bearing and take up tightly.
12. Install the first length of column pipe (644) over thetube (654) as follows: Install two eyebolts diamet-rically opposite in the upper flange of column (644).Attach a sling to the eyebolts and to the hoist hook.Hoist column section over enclosing tube / bowlassembly. (See Fig. 7). Lower column over enclosingtube until column flange engages the discharge bowl(669) flange register. Insert as many capscrews (760)through both flanges as possible. Tighten capscrewsgradually in diametrically opposite pairs.
13. Lift entire assembly by the column pipe eyebolts andremove the supports. Slowly lower the bowl andcolumn assembly. Place the supports on the baseplateand continue to lower the assembly until the columnflange comes to rest on the supports.
14. Pour about one quart of light turbine oil into the toptubing section and screw the tube bearing (656) intothe top length until it bottoms, ready to receive the
next length of tubing assembly.
$ CAUTIONUse a light turbine oil of S.A.E. 10 or equivalent. Donot use automotive oils.
15. Install keyed lineshaft coupling onto projecting end ofshaft as described in steps 4-8 above and continue onwith each succeeding joint in same manner until all areinstalled.
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CROSS SECTIONALVIT-FF (ENCLOSED LINESHAFT)
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INSTALLING THE DISCHARGE HEAD
OPEN LINESHAFT
1. ITT Goulds VIT pumps are provided with an "L" typehead. Install the discharge head as follows.
2. If the stuffing box is assembled to the head, remove itand all attached piping. See Fig. 9 for the applicablestuffing box provided for the pump being assembled.Remove coupling guard if provided.
! Packed stuffing boxes are not allowed in an ATEXclassified environment.3. When a mechanical seal is provided, it is usually
shipped separately. In case the seal is assembled to thedischarge head, remove the seal prior to installing thehead. See Dissassembly / Reassembly section forremoval of the seal.
!The mechanical seal used in an ATEX classifiedenvironment must be properly certified.
4. Remove coupling guard if provided. Attach a slingthrough windows (hand holes) or thread two eyeboltsin the head driver support mounting holesdiametrically opposite and hoist discharge head overthe protruding headshaft. NOTE: Eyebolts or slingshould be rated to handle in excess of the pump weight(see Outline Drawing).
$ CAUTIONDo not bump or scrape the shaft protruding above thecolumn. This could result in bending or damaging the
shaft.
5. Orient the discharge head in the required position andlower the head centering the vertical hole with theheadshaft protruding above the column until thedischarge head engages the column. Install capscrews
and secure discharge head to column. Tightencapscrews gradually in diametrically opposite pairs.
6. Lift pump assembly high enough to allow rotation ofthe supports. Realign and lower assembly. Install andtighten remaining capscrews. Repeat rotation andtightening procedure until all capscrews are uniformlytight.
7. Using a device with the capacity to support the weightof the entire pump assembly, hoist bowl, column, andhead assembly and remove supports.
NOTE: Eyebolts or sling should be rated to handle inexcess of the pump weight (see Outline Drawing).
8. Lower bowl, column and head assembly untildischarge head mounting flange engages baseplate.Secure discharge head to mounting plate.
ENCLOSED LINE SHAFT
1. Proceed exactly as outlined in the Open LineshaftSection, steps 4 and 5.
INSTALLING THE TUBE TENSION PLATE
1. (See Fig. 8). Lubricate tube threads and underside oftension plate flange with thread compound. Thread thetension plate (625) onto the enclosing tube nipple(629) manually until its shoulder rests on the dischargehead.
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TENSIONING THE ENCLOSING TUBE
The enclosing tube sags from its own weight as it isinstalled and must be pulled tight (tensioned) to make itstraight. This section describes two methods of tensioningthe tube. The direct pull method is more precise and is
preferred. The second method the wrenching method
is given as an alternate.
NOTE: The correct tension is equal to the weight ofthe enclosing tube plus 10%.
Weights per unit length for each tube size are given inTable 1. Multiply by total length of the tube to determinethe total weight.
Table 1
Weight per Foot of Enclosing Tube
Tube Size (inch) Weight Per Foot (lb.)1 2.99
1 3.632 5.02
2 7.66
3 10.25
3 12.50
4 14.98
5 20.78
6 28.57
DIRECT PULL METHOD
1. The upper end of the tube may be pulled by the hoistto obtain the predetermined tension value. Thisrequires the use of a dynamometer scale and an adapterfitting to grip the tube (TUBE TENSION ADAPTERAVAILABLE THROUGH FACTORY). With thetension plate installed manually but not tightened,thread the special fitting onto the top of the tube to fullengagement. Attach the dynamometer scale to thefitting, and connect the upper end of the scale to thehoist hook. Operate the hoist hook to apply therequired tension. This should pull the tension plate offthe discharge head. Manually thread the tension plateto reset it. Release tension, remove dynamometer scaleand special fitting.
WRENCHING METHOD
1. If a dynamometer is not available, the tube can betensioned by wrenching the tube tension plate. Makeup a spanner wrench to straddle the projectingthreaded tube end and to engage the tube tension platecapscrew holes by two lugs. Torque the tension plateto take all the slack out of the shaft tubing and induce areasonable amount of tension by turning the tension
plate counterclockwise. For tubing 2-1/2" (63.5mm)and larger, a man's full strength on a 3 foot (915mm)lever arm is sufficient. For smaller sizes, less pull must
be exercised.
NOTE: Do not turn clockwise to align holes in tension
plate and discharge head.
INSTALLING TENSION NUT
1. (See Fig. 8). Install capscrews (760) in the tensionplate. Pour one pint of oil down the oil tube.
2. Install packing (620) in the tension plate and thread thetension nut (626), tightening it firmly against the
packing.
3. If a packed type tension nut (626) is used (for waterflush), install packing (620), packing gland (618) andsecure with stud (739) and nut (735). Screw nut fingertight. Install line assembly (635) and connect to flushliquid supply (See Fig. 8).
$ CAUTIONBe sure that the top of the enclosing tube does notinterfere with the tension nut.
4. If the top of the tube interferes with the tension nut,determine the distance, if the tube is too long or tooshort. If the tube is too short, it must be replaced with alonger tube of the correct length. If the tube is toolong, it must be cut to the correct length andre-threaded. Reinstall and re-level pump.
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LUBRICATION SYSTEM
1. Connect solenoid valve (if provided), oil lines, and fillthe oil reservoir with oil.
2. Check the lubricator feed and see that the oil reservoiris flowing freely. (In the case of a solenoid valve,
temporary power connections are required). Set theproper drops per minute on the regulator. Table 2shows the recommended regulator setting.
Table 2 - Regulator Setting
Dropsper minuteper 100 feet
(30.48 Meters)of setting
Shaft Size(Inch)
Shaft Size(mm)
8 0.75 to 1.00 19 to 25 mm
16 1.19 to 1.94 30 to 50 mm
20 2.19 and larger 55 mm and larger
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TENSION PLATE ASSEMBLY OPTIONS
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STUFFING BOX INSTALLATION
! Packed stuffing boxes are not allowed in an ATEXclassified environment.Assemble stuffing box in accordance with the style
provided, A, B or C (See Fig. 9).
Caution notes apply to each individual stuffing box.
STYLE A STANDARDCONSTRUCTION
1. Position gasket on discharge head. Slide stuffing box(616) down over shaft and into position on the gasket.Secure stuffing box with capscrews.
2. Insert packing washer (789) into stuffing box ifprovided. Packing washer not required on shaft sizes2.19" (55mm) and larger.
3. Grease the packing rings (620) for easier installation.
4. Twist the packing ring sideways to get it around theshaft easily. Start the first ring into the stuffing box.When the entire ring is worked in using the fingers,tamp it down using a split wooden bushing (or equal)and push the packing ring down firmly. It must seal onthe shaft and bore of the stuffing box. Install all 6 ringsin this manner (the 6th ring may be set aside until the
packing is adjusted for leakage after the first startup).Stagger ring joints 90 degrees apart. The split gland(618) may be used as a tamper for the top ring.
5. Install the split gland (618) and thread nuts on splitgland studs. Tighten nuts then relieve the nuts andtighten finger tight. Attach bypass line (624) to tubefitting in the stuffing box.
6. Final adjustment of the stuffing box must be made atpump start up. This final adjustment applies to allstuffing box styles.
$ CAUTIONCheck that the split gland is square in the stuffing box.Cocking can cause uneven compression of packing anddamage to the shaft or sleeve.
7. A properly packed stuffing box should be loose
enough to allow the shaft to be turned manually.
$ CAUTIONDo not over tighten packing or excessive wear canoccur on the shaft or sleeve.
STYLE B STANDARDCONSTRUCTION WITHSHAFT SLEEVE
1. Style "B" stuffing box is the same as style "A" with theexception that it has a shaft sleeve with an O-ring.
2. Lubricate the O-ring (743) in the sleeve (609) and alsolubricate the shaft threads.
3. Slip sleeve onto shaft, carefully rotate counterclockwise, simultaneously pushing downward gentlyuntil O-ring is clear of shaft threads.
4. Locate sleeve on shaft (scribe mark on shaft orsetscrew scar) and secure with setscrews (774).
5. Follow steps 1 through 7 of "Style A StandardConstruction," for complete style "B" installation.
STYLE C
1. The style "C" stuffing box is provided with a shaftsleeve, O-ring, lantern ring, and a grease cup.
2. Follow steps 2 through 4 of "Style B StandardConstruction" when provided with a shaft sleeve andO-ring.
3. Insert packing washer (789) into stuffing box andinstall two packing rings (620) in accordance withsteps 3 and 4 of "Style A Standard Construction."
4. Insert lantern ring (621) into stuffing box. Be sure it isproperly positioned so that it aligns with thelubrication passage in the stuffing box.
5. Install two packing rings, stagger ring joints 90degrees apart.
6. Install split gland (618) and thread nuts on split glandstuds. Tighten nuts with a wrench, then relieve the nutsand tighten finger tight. Attach by-pass line (624) totube fitting in stuffing box. Thread grease cup (619)into stuffing box.
7. Fill grease cup with a high grade of grease.
8. After stuffing box is completely assembled, applygrease to the lantern ring by turning the grease cup capa couple of turns.
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STUFFING BOX ASSEMBLY OPTIONS
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MECHANICAL SEAL INSTALLATION
! The mechanical seal used in an ATEX classifiedenvironment must be properly certified.Instructions for installing mechanical seals are provided bythe seal manufacturer. Consult the seal manufacturer'sinstructions (furnished with the seal) for information on thetype of seal used. Additionally, refer to factory furnishedoutline drawing and seal piping schematic on complex seal
piping arrangements.
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FORALL SEALSThe vertical turbine pumps are usually supplied withcartridge type mechanical seals, shipped assembled - readyfor installation, when mechanical seals are supplied. Theexceptions are the Outside Mounted Seals (Fig. 14) and theSplit Seals (not shown).
1. Check surfaces at the face of the seal housing and atthe bottom of the seal housing to insure that they areclean, flat and free of burrs. The face surface must besmooth to form a good sealing surface for a gasket orO-ring.
2. Check that shaft is smooth, and free of burrs, nicks andsharp corners that could ruin the O-ring or shaft
packing. When further clean up is required, protect bycovering the inside of the pump seal housing. Remove
burrs, nicks, and sharp corners by using a strip ofemery cloth "shoeshine fashion" over the shaft threads.File threads around the keyway with a smooth mill fileor emery cloth. Sharp edges must be rounded.
3. Remove all chips and dust from the shaft area.
4. Check that all rotary unit parts of the seal fit over theshaft. A pre-check may be made by removing theO-ring(s) from the cartridge sleeve Inside Diameter(ID) and then installing the seal on the shaft. Furthershaft clean up will be necessary when the seal will not
pass all the way into the seal housing.
5. Remove the seal after the pre-check, and re-install thesleeve O-ring(s).
$ CAUTIONSparingly lubricate the shaft and sleeve ID with thelubricant included with the mechanical seal orrecommended by the mechanical seal manufacturer.The following lubricants may be used for water servicewhen no lubricant is supplied or recommended by themechanical seal manufacturer.
Light Oil (SAE #10 or 20)
Dow Corning #4 Grease
Silicone lubricant
Wax or Clay
Soapy Water
Oil based lubricants will damage EPR / EPDM elastomerO-rings. Silicone lube and soapy water are safe for EPR /EPDM elastomer O-rings.
6. Install the O-ring or gasket, between the seal housing
and seal. Install the seal over the shaft and ease it intoposition against the face of the seal box. Take carewhen passing the sleeve and O-ring over keyways orthreads to avoid damaging the O-ring.
$ CAUTIONDo not bump carbon members against the shaft as theymay chip, crack or break.
7. Position seal gland on discharge head seal housing andsecure with capscrews (or nuts for studs) provided.Tighten capscrews gradually and uniformly in acriss-cross pattern, taking 2 or 3 passes.
$ CAUTIONDo not overtighten capscrews on gland. This candistort seal seat and cause seal failure.
8. Install all seal piping as required. Prior to making finalconnections of sealing liquid pressurizing lines, makesure the seal housing and all sealing liquid lines areflushed free of dirt, scale and other particles that would
be abrasive to the sealing faces.
9. The driver and coupling must now be installed beforethe mechanical seal installation can proceed. See
Installation of a Solid Shaft Driver Secion orInstallation of a Hollow Shaft DriverSection as
appropriate.
10. The following flatness and concentricity measurementsmay be taken at this time.
A. Concentricity of Driver Shaft. See Fig. 10. Installdial indicator as shown, with the base attached tothe motor support. Rotate driver shaft by handwhile checking dial for reading. Runout shouldnot exceed NEMA standards, 0.002 in. (0.05mm)maximum Total Indicated Runout (TIR). Ifindicator reads above 0.002 in. (0.05mm) TIR,loosen the four driver tie down bolts and re-locatedriver on motor base register. Obtain desired
position. Tighten tie down bolts. Repeat indicatorreading.
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B. Flatness of Seal Housing. See Fig. 11. Thismeasurement may require that the mechanical seal
be removed in the event that the dial indicatorstylus cannot rotate 360 degrees on the top surfaceof the seal gland. With the lower couplingcomponents removed, attach the base of the dialindicator to driver shaft. Place the stylus at the topsurface of the seal gland, or at the top surface of
the seal housing. Rotate the driver shaft slowly360 degrees. Check that the face of the sealhousing is square with the shaft to within 0.002 in.(0.05mm) TIR.
C. Concentricity of Seal Housing. See Fig. 12. Thismeasurement will require that the mechanical seal
be removed. Install dial indicator as shown. Byrotating driver shaft by hand, run indicator in theinside machined surface of the seal housing todetermine concentricity. If indicator reads above0.004 in. (0.10mm) TIR, loosen the four driver tiedown bolts and re-locate driver on motor baseregister. Obtain desired position. Tighten tie down
bolts. Repeat indicator reading.
D. Concentricity of Head Shaft. See Fig. 13.Re-install the mechanical seal if it was removedfor the Flatness or Concentricity measurement.Install the coupling assembly and make theimpeller adjustment as described under
IMPELLER ADJUSTMENTin the Installationsection. Attach the base of the dial indicator on thedischarge head or driver support. Place the styluson the shaft between the top of the seal and the
bottom of the pump coupling. Rotate the drivershaft slowly 360 degrees. Check that the shaftrunout is within 0.004 in. (0.10mm) TIR, or as
required by specification. Drill and dowel pin inthree places to secure driver to motor base afterobtaining required runouts.
11. The drive collar of the seal may now be positioned andinstalled by tightening the set screws using themechanical seal manufacturer's instructions.
$ CAUTIONDo not remove seal spacer or eccentric washer, adjustseal, or tighten setscrews until after impellers areadjusted.
12. Save the seal spacer or eccentric washer, as they may
be used to hold the correct seal spacing in the eventthat the seal must be removed. The seal setscrews mustbe loosened to re-adjust the impeller(s).
$ CAUTIONReset the seal after impellers are adjusted.
13. Seals using half dog setscrews may require that theshaft be spot faced/drilled, to provide a secure
placement. Cover the seal and seal housing. Removethe setscrews one at a time from the collar and spotface/drill the shaft. Then tighten the setscrews into
position. Remove any metal chips to avoid damagingseal.
SINGLE INSIDE MOUNTED SEALS(See Fig. 14)These seals will be cartridge seals, complete with glandsand sleeves, assembled as a unit by the seal manufacturer.The seal manufacturer's special instructions must befollowed in the event that non-cartridge seals are to beinstalled.
1. When the seal is an O-ring type, assemble thecomplete unit over the shaft. Take care when passingthe sleeve and O-ring over keyways or threads to avoiddamaging the O-ring.
2. If the seal is the teflon wedge ring type, remove the
sleeve collar and teflon wedge ring and assemble themseparately after the sleeve is in position. Tighten thecollar on the threads to seal teflon wedge around theshaft.
SINGLE OUTSIDE MOUNTEDSEALS (See Fig. 14)These seals will be provided in two sub-assemblies, thestationary unit and the rotary unit.
1. Install the stationary unit, which is the seal glandassembly, as instructed in General Requirements for
All Seals. The stationary face will face up.
2. Install rotary unit, take care not to disengage rotaryparts. If rotary unit parts become disengaged,installation becomes difficult.
3. Do not tighten setscrews or adjust seal at this time,until impellers are adjusted.
4. To adjust seal, refer to the spring gap which is stampedon the collar and shown on the assembly drawing.Tighten setscrews so that the compression ring ismaintained at the same distance from the collar at all
points. Before starting the pump, check to insure thatthe spring gap and the distance from the face of the
stuffing box to the collar are the same as shown on theseal assembly drawing.
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HIGH PRESSURE SEALS(See Fig. 14)High Pressure seals are usually cartridge seals, shippedassembled, ready for installation. High Pressure seals may
be either Single or Dual seals.
1. Mechanical seals on pumps with over 1200 PSI (85kg/cm2) gauge discharge pressure, or as specified by
the seal manufacturer, are normally fitted with "backuprings." These rings are installed following sealinstallation, between the drive collar of the seal and the
bottom of the flanged pump coupling, (See Fig. 14).Install backup ring as follows:
A. Screw the bottom backup ring into the top backupring until it bottoms out.
B. Slide backup ring assembly over the shaft andposition it on the seal.
2. Adjustment of the backup ring assembly shall becompleted after the spacer coupling and driver areinstalled, after the seal is set in position and after
checking total indicated runout on the headshaft abovethe mechanical seal as stated in "General Requirementsfor All Seals," 11.A.
DUAL SEALS (Tandem And Double)(See Fig. 15)Dual seals are cartridge seals, shipped assembled. Thefollowing instructions would only apply if a non-cartridgetype seal is furnished, and there are no instructions
provided by the seal manufacturer.
1. Scribe a mark on the shaft or sleeve exactly flush withthe face of the seal housing. This is the "referencemark" for setting the seal to the seal assembly.
2. Lubricate the stuffing box bore and O.D. of inner (orlower) stationary insert with lubricants described inGeneral Requirements for All Seals, paragraph 6.Protect inner inset face with soft clean material, suchas gasketing or sheet rubber and install into the bottomof the seal housing, with hand pressure only. If theinsert includes a holding pin, be sure the pin is alignedwith the slot or hole in the bottom of the seal housing.
3. Carefully place gland ring and outer (or upper)stationary insert over the shaft.
4. Lubricate shaft or sleeve before installing any of therotary unit parts.
5. Install seal collar or collars on the shaft or sleeve andlocate collar or collars in the relation to established"reference mark" and to setting dimension given on theseal assembly drawing. Lock the collar to shaft orsleeve by tightening setscrews.
6. Install the remaining rotary unit parts on the shaft orsleeve in the proper sequence and complete theassembly of equipment.
7. Shaft packing (if provided, depending on seal type)shall be installed on the shaft or sleeve individuallyand with care to avoid nicks or damage that wouldcause seal to leak.
8. Seat the gland ring and gland gasket to the face of theseal housing by tightening the nuts or bolts evenly andfirmly. Be sure the gland ring is not cocked. Tightennuts or bolts just enough to seal at the gland ring
gasket.
SEAL FLUSH PLANS
1. See Fig. 16 for generic schematic drawing of seal flushplan provided with your pump.
! The mechanical seal piping must always stayconnected. Failure to do so will result in excessheat generation and seal failure.
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DRIVE SHAFT ALIGNMENT
36 VIT IOM 6/07
Fig. 10
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DRIVE SHAFT ALIGNMENT
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Fig. 11
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DRIVE SHAFT ALIGNMENT
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Fig. 12
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DRIVE SHAFT ALIGNMENT
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Fig. 13
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MECHANICAL SEAL OPTIONS
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Fig. 14
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MECHANICAL SEAL OPTIONS
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Fig. 15
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MECHANICAL SEAL PIPING PLAN OPTIONS
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Fig. 16
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INSTALLING THE DRIVER
! When installed in a potentially explosiveenvironment, please ensure the motor is properlycertified.
INSTALLATION OF A SOLID SHAFTDRIVER
NOTE: When pump is supplied with a thrust pot, donot secure driver to discharge head until after thethrust pot and flexible coupling are installed. (Aseparate supplement for thrust pots will be furnished asrequired).
s! WARNINGDo not work under a heavy suspended object unlessthere is a positive support and safe guards which willprotect personnel should a hoist or sling fail.
!Serious damage may result if pump is run in thewrong direction.
The coupling between the driveshaft and discharge headshaft may be a nonspacer type (See Fig. 17), or a spacertype (See Fig. 18). The latter is used on pumps furnishedwith a mechanical seal to permit servicing of the sealwithout removal of the driver.
1. Driver support. When a driver support is furnished andnot installed, proceed as follows:
A. Hoist driver support, inspect the mountingsurfaces, register, and clean these surfacesthoroughly.
B. Install driver support on discharge head and securewith capscrews provided.
2. Attach a sling to the lifting lugs of driver, hoist motor,inspect the mounting surface, register, and shaftextension, and clean these surfaces thoroughly. If any
burrs are found, remove burrs with a smooth mill file,cleaning thoroughly afterward.
3. Orient the motor conduit box in the required position.Align the motor mounting holes with the matingtapped holes on the discharge head. Lower the motoruntil the registers engage and the motor rests on thedischarge head. Secure motor with capscrews
provided.
4. On drivers having a nonreverse ratchet or pins,manually turn the driver shaft clockwise viewed fromthe top until the nonreverse ratchet or pins fullyengage.
5. Lubricate motor bearings in accordance withinstructions given on lubrication plate attached to themotor case.
NOTE: Please read and follow the motormanufacturer's instructions before lubricating themotor bearings. Too much lubricant can cause thebearings to overheat and fail prematurely.
s! WARNINGThe motor must not be tested for direction of rotationwhen coupled to the pump. If pump should rotate inthe wrong direction, serious damage to the pump andmotor would result. Also serious injury to personnelcould result.
6. Make temporary electrical connections according totagged leads or diagram attached to the motor. Motormust rotate counter-clockwise when viewed from thetop. See arrow on pump nameplate. If motor does notrotate counter-clockwise, you can change the rotation
by interchanging any two leads (for three phase only,for single phase motors see motor manufacturer'sinstructions.)
7. Motor shaft end play adjustment: if required, motorshaft end play shall be checked with a dial indicator
prior to connecting the pump coupling to the solidshaft motor. Consult the applicable motormanufacturer's instruction manual for detailedinformation on motor shaft end play.
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COUPLING INSTALLATION: (Figs. 17 & 18)
1. Apply a thin film of oil on the pump key (730) andinsert key into headshaft keyway seat.
2. Gently lower pump hub of coupling (614) ontoheadshaft.
3. Thread on the adjusting plate (613) onto the headshaftuntil flush with top of the headshaft.
4. Apply a thin film of oil to the driver key (730) andinsert key into drive shaft keyway seat. Place thedriver hub (610) onto the drive shaft and with key slideit up the drive shaft until the annular groove isexposed. Install split ring (722) in the groove and slide
driver hub down over the split ring to capture it.
5. If the pump is supplied with an adjustable spacercoupling (See Fig. 18), install spacer (612) betweenheadshaft and driveshaft hubs. Secure with capscrews(759) and hex nuts (735).
IMPELLER ADJUSTMENT
Impeller adjustment is identical for all motors and rightangle gear drives. Adjustment is accomplished by turning
the adjusting plate (613) (See Fig. 19 or 20). The correctadjustment is listed on the Outline Drawing for the specificunit.
NOTE: Mechanical seal, when provided, must not besecured to the shaft prior to impeller adjustment (openor enclosed type impeller's). Shaft must move up ordown within the seal assembly.
NOTE: For pumps handling liquids between -50 to200 F, impeller adjustments can be made underambient conditions. For liquids in excess of thisrange, it is recommended that impeller adjustment bemade after the pump surface temperature hasreached an equilibrium when charged with thepumpage. In those cases, where this is not feasibledue to safety considerations or impossible due toexternal ice build up in cryogenic applications, referto factory for specific instructions.
! Improper impeller adjustment could cause contactbetween the rotating and stationary parts, resultingin a spark and heat generation.
OPEN IMPELLERS
1. With the impellers touching the bottom of the bowls,turn the adjusting plate (613) towards the driver hub
(610) or spacer (612). Obtain 0.015 inch clearancebetween the adjusting plate and driver hub or spacerfor the first 10 feet of column. Add 0.010" for eachadditional 10 feet of column. See Fig. 19 or 20.
NOTE: The determination of driver shaft end play canbe critical and should be added to this setting. Forlarger pumps over 8", this amount may be too little;please refer to Outline Drawing.
Example: total pump length is 50 feet - set impellers at0.055 inch.
2. After impeller adjustment, align adjusting plate (613)with the pump hub (614), and tightly draw coupling
flanges together with capscrews (759) and nuts (735).(See Fig. 19 or 20).
3. Set seal after impeller adjustment. Securely tighten allset screws in the collar. Remove the spacer betweenthe gland plate and collar. Retain spacer for futureresetting of seal.
NOTE: When impellers are reset, the seal must also bereset.
ENCLOSED IMPELLERS
1. For enclosed impellers obtain the clearance between
the adjusting plate and driver hub or spacer asspecified on the outline drawing. See Fig. 19 or 20.
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INSTALLATION OF
SOLID SHAFT RIGHT ANGLE GEAR DRIVE
s! WARNINGDo not work under a heavy suspended object unlessthere is a positive support and safe guards which willprotect personnel should a hoist or sling fail.
1. The coupling shown between the drive shaft and headshaft may be a non-spacer type (See Fig. 17) or aspacer type (See Fig. 18). The latter is used on pumpsfurnished with mechanical seal to permit servicing ofthe seal without lifting the gear.
2. Driver support: when a driver support is furnished andnot installed, proceed as follows:
A. Hoist driver support, inspect mounting surfaces,register, and clean these surfaces thoroughly.
B. Install driver support on the discharge head andsecure with capscrews provided.
3. Attach a sling to the eye bolts or lugs of gearhead.Hoist gearhead, inspect the mounting surface, register,and clean these surfaces thoroughly. If any burrs arefound, remove burrs with a smooth mill file cleaningthoroughly afterward.
4. Orient the gearhead with the input shaft in the requiredposition and align the mounting holes with the matingtapped holes in the discharge head. Lower the gearheaduntil the registers engage and the gearhead is set firmlyin place on the discharge head. Secure the gearhead
with capscrews provided.
5. On gearheads having non-reverse ratchet or pins,manually turn the shaft clockwise viewed from the topuntil the non-reverse ratchet or pins are fully engaged.
NOTE: Check the rotation of the power unit and pumpin relation to that of the drive as shown by arrows on thecase. Rotate the drive manually before applying powerchecking rotation. Do not operate in reverse direction ofthese arrows as serious damage or injury can occur.
6. Some gearheads are equipped with an oil coolingsystem which is supplied with cooling fluid from the
pump or an external source. Make cooling connections
with tubing or rubber hose. If pump fluid is to be used,connect a length of tubing and a flow-regulating valvebetween the inlet on the gearhead and outlet on thedischarge side of the discharge head, connect tubingfrom the outlet on gearhead back to sump or drain.
l! CAUTIONDo not use rigid pipe for this purpose. Rigid pipe issusceptible to leak at the joints due to vibration.
7. Fill the gearhead oil reservoir with a high grade ofturbine oil. If oil is not furnished with the gearhead,
select a suitable grade of oil from the manufacturer'slist. Consult the manufacturer's instructions for thefrequency of oil change and other data onmaintenance.
$ CAUTIONDo not use automotive oils.
8. Gearhead shaft end play adjustment. If required,gearhead shaft end play shall be checked with a dialindicator prior to connecting pump coupling to solidshaft gear. Consult the applicable gear manufacturersinstruction manual for detailed information ongearhead shaft end play.
9. Coupling installation. Follow instructions given in theInstallation section.
s! WARNINGMoving parts of the prime mover, coupling device, andgearhead must be covered with a suitable rigid guardin compliance with local regulations to prevent injuryto personnel.
10. Assemble the flexible shaft flanges on the gearheadinput drive and engine. The prime mover (engine orsteam turbine) must be mounted on a firm foundationin alignment with the gearhead. The driving and drivenshafts shall be within plus or minus one degree
parallel. Offset angle shall be one to five degrees formaximum coupling lift. Keep the lugs on flange yokesin the same position as shipped from the factory. If slip
joint is moved, be sure lugs are realigned or severeunbalance may result. Consult the applicablemanufacturer's instruction manual for detailedinformation on the prime mover (engine or steamturbine) and coupling or drive shaft. When a Fast typecoupling or equivalent is used instead of the doubleuniversal type of shaft used with engine drives, no"offset" between drive and driven shafts is permitted.
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ADJUSTABLE COUPLING (TYPE A)
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Fig. 17
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SPACER COUPLING (TYPE AS)
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Fig. 18
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ADJUSTABLE COUPLING (TYPE A)
IMPELLER ADJUSTMENT
48 VIT IOM 6/07
Fig. 19
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SPACER COUPLING (TYPE AS)
IMEPLLER ADJUSTMENT
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Fig. 20
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INSTALLING THE DRIVER
INSTALLATION OF AHOLLOW SHAFT DRIVERThis refers to either VHS type electric motors or hollow-shaft type gear drives. A small paragraph is devoted to
combination electric motor and right angle gear drives.
NOTE: When pump is supplied with a thrust pot, donot secure driver to discharge head until after thethrust pot and flexible coupling are installed.
s! WARNINGDo not work under a heavy suspended object unlessthere is a positive support and safe guards which willprotect personnel should a hoist or sling fail.
1. The driveshaft projecting through the quill orhollow-shaft of the driver is separate from the pumpshaft and connected to same by a rigid flangedcoupling or threaded coupling.
2. Driver support. When a driver support is furnished andnot installed, proceed as follows.
A. Hoist driver support, inspect the mountingsurfaces, register, and clean these surfacesthoroughly.
B. Install driver support on discharge head and securewith capscrews provided.
3. Attach a sling to the lifting lugs of driver, hoist motor,inspect the mounting surface, register, and shaftextension, and clean these surfaces thoroughly. If any
burrs are found, remove burrs with a smooth mill file,cleaning thoroughly afterward.
4. Orient the motor conduit box in the required position.Align the motor mounting holes with the matingtapped holes on the discharge head. Lower the motoruntil the registers engage and the motor rests on thedischarge head. Secure motor with capscrews
provided.
5. On drivers having a nonreverse ratchet or pins,manually turn the driver shaft clockwise viewed fromthe top until the nonreverse ratchet or pins fullyengage.
6. Lubricate motor bearings in accordance withinstructions given on lubrication plate attached to themotor case.
7. The driving mechanism of all hollow-shaft drives isshown on Fig. 21. The drive shaft (606) extends upthrough the quill or hollow-shaft of the motor (or geardrive) and is held in place by an adjusting nut (604),which not only carries all the static and hydraulicthrust of the impellers and shaft but also provides theadjustment for the impeller clearances.
8. After lowering and orienting the motor and/or geardrive as explained above, remove the drive couplingand hold down bolts as shown in Fig. 21.
9. Screw the adjusting nut (604) loosely onto the end ofdriveshaft (606). Clean thoroughly and attach a lightline below the nut. Lower the driveshaft through themotor quill shaft. Examine closely for dirt or burrs
between shaft ends. Raise the driveshaft/adjusting nutassembly to allow room to install the rigid flangedcoupling.
10. Make up the head shaft coupling using suitable threadcompounds as described below.
TYPE AR RIGID FLANGEDCOUPLING ASSEMBLYPROCEDURE (See Fig. 22)
1. Disassemble coupling. Be certain that all componentsare clean and no foreign matter is lodged in any of themachined recesses or registers. Insert driver key (730)into the driver keyway and slide driver hub (610) ontodriver shaft. Position hub such that the threaded shaftend is exposed to allow mounting of threaded sleeveson the shaft end. If necessary for ease of assembly,
temporarily secure hub in this position by means oftape, rope, or other convenient means.
2. Screw the thre