A STUDY ON EMPLOYEES OPINIONS TOWARDS SAFETY MEASURES OF

THE VENUS HOME APPLIANCES PVT LTD., TUTICORIN

By

GOPALAKRISHNAN .V

(Reg. No: 1190621)

of

V.O.CHIDAMBARAM COLLGE OF ARTS & SCIENCE,

A SUMMER PROJECT REPORT

Submitted to the

FACULTY OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES

In Partial fulfillment of the requirements

for the award of the degree.

Of

MASTER OF BUSINEES ADMINSTRATION

Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli

NOVEMBER – 2012

DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES

(Satellite Centre of Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli)

(V.O.CHIDAMBARAM COLLEGE OF ARTS & SCIENCE)

Millerpuram, Tuticorin Dist, Tamilnadu, Pin: 628003, India

Phone: 91-0461-2310175, 2311175, Fax: 91-0461-2310275

Website: voccollege.ac.in E-mail: veeocee@sancharnet.in

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this project report titled “A STUDY ON EMPLOYEES OPINION TOWARDS SAFETY MEASURES OF THE VENUS HOME APPLIENCES PVT LTD., TUTICORIN” is the bonafide work of Mr.V.Gopalakrishnan done under my

supervision. Certified futher, that to the best of my knowledge the work reported here in does not form part of any other project or dissertation on the basis of which a degree or award was conferred to her on an earlier occasion or any other candidate.

Place: TuticorinDate:

Signature of the Guide

Forwarded By

Dr.P.Maria Navis Soris

Director & H.O.D

Internal Examiner External Examiner

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First of all I thank the principal Dr. M.Maragatha Sundaram, M.Sc.,

Ph.d., Principal , V.O.Chidambaram College of Arts & Science. for giving me

such a golden opportunity for taking this Institutional Training Work.

I also express my sincere thanks to Dr.N.Maria Navis Sorris

M.Com.,M.B.A., M.Phil., Ph.d.,, Director & Head of the Department of

Management studies, V.O.Chidambaram College of Arts & Science for the support to

do this project work.

I am very thankful to VENUS HOME APPLIANCES PVT LTD.,

TUTICORIN for their timely help and support during the Institutional training.

Finally, I thank my Parents and God almighty, without their blessing and

grace I would not have completed this project

(V.GOPALAKRISHNAN)

DECLARATION

I here by declare the organization study with reference to study on Venus

Home appliances pvt ltd Tuticorin, is for award of the degree of Master of

Business Administration to Manonmaniam Sundaranar University is my original

work done during period of study in V.O.C. College,

It has not previously formed the basis for the award of any degree and that

work has not been published in any Journal and Magazine.

Place: TUTICORIN Signature of the Candidate

Date:

(V.GOPALAKRISHNAN)

LIST OF CONTENT

CHAPTER CONTENT PAGE NO I INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Need for the study

1.3 Objectives for the study

1.4 Period of the study

1.5 Chapter scheme

1

II INDUSTRY PROFILE

2.1 significance

2.2 Types of Coir Products

2.3 Environment of Coir Products

III COMPANY PROFILE

3.1 History

3.2 Milestone

3.3 Department profile

3.4Organisation structure

3.5Product profile

IV

SWOT ANALYSIS

V

FINDINGS ,

SUGGESTIONS&CONCLUSIONS

CHAPTER-I

INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER-I

EMPLOYEES OPINION TOWARDS SAFETY MEASURES

1.1Introduction:

Safety is the state of being "safe" (from French sauf), the condition of being

protected against physical, social, spiritual, financial, political, emotional, occupational,

psychological, educational or other types or consequences of failure, damage, error,

accidents, harm or any other event which could be considered non-desirable. Safety

can also be defined to be the control of recognized hazards to achieve an acceptable

level of risk. This can take the form of being protected from the event or from exposure

to something that causes health or economical losses. It can include protection of

people or of possessions.

Meaning:

There are two slightly different meanings of safety. For example, home safety

may indicate a building's ability to protect against external harm events (such as

weather, home invasion, etc.), or may indicate that its internal installations (such as

appliances, stairs, etc.) are safe (not dangerous or harmful) for its inhabitants.

Discussions of safety often include mention of related terms. Security is such a

term. With time the definitions between these two have often become interchanged,

equated, and frequently appear juxtaposed in the same sentence. Readers

unfortunately are left to conclude whether they comprise a redundancy. This confuses

the uniqueness that should be reserved for each by itself. When seen as unique, as we

intend here, each term will assume its rightful place in influencing and being influenced

by the other.

1.2PROFILE OF THE COMPANY

Venus Home Appliances (P) Ltd (formerly Standard Electric Appliances)

the manufacturers of Venus Water Heaters is a 65 year old Company that has

been a market leader and a pioneer in the water heater industry. Venus is one of

the leading brands of water heaters in India and stands for Quality, Reliability and

Performance.

VISION

To provide the best Quality products and after Sales Service to our

Customers. This has been the company’s approach to realize the goal of

attaining leadership in the water Heater Industry.

VALUES

Quality has always been the driving force for the company. The company

is committed to providing customers with products of quality and reliability with

continued efforts to innovate and improve on their existing products to suit the

needs of the customers. The company strongly stands for values like the

Reliability, Quality, Ethics, Honesty and Integrity.

MANUFACTURING PLANT

The manufacturing plant is located in Tuticorin in the Southern state of

Tami Nadu boasting a state-of-the art and environment friendly infrastructure.

The plant has imported machinery like the Plasma/TIG welding machine from

Germany; CFC free PUF injection m/c from Italy. Injection moulds for outer body

have been designed in-house by the company in collaboration with external

design houses. The company also boasts of an in-house 10 member strong R&D

facility equipped with all necessary tools for design using CAD/CAM technology.

EMPLOYEES

The Company has 300 committed employees in Manufacturing, Quality

Control, Design, Marketing, Sales and Service. The company provides an ideal

working environment for the employees and offers tremendous opportunity to

learn and grow. The company believes that its people are its strength and many

human resources policies are formulated keeping in mind employee care and

development.

AFTER SALES SUPPORT

Sales Offices are located in 9 major cities and a network of over 1,200

dealers spread across the Country covering all the states ensures that our

heaters are available everywhere. After Sales Service is a vital aspect of its

business and today the Company offers prompt, economical and reliable Service

throughout the Country from more than 50 Regional Offices and / or authorized

Service Centers under the “Service within 24 hours” Programmed.

EXPORTS

The VENUS range is currently being exported to Nepal, Bhutan and Sri

Lanka. There are plans to start exports to other countries in the South East Asian

and African Countries.

PRODUCTS

Venus, the torchbearer of quality, is in the business of manufacturing water

heaters for more than three decades. Its wide range of products is known for its

reliability and durability. Venus strives to make its products innovative, good looking and

hard working and backs it up with the most efficient service. With the motto to make

Venus a class apart.

The whole Venus range is backed by swift and friendly service support that adds

so much more to your convenience.

Venus made India’s first digital water heater with remote control with the facilities

to set the temperature of your choice at the time of your choice. It’s state-of-the-art

warmth in your bathroom.

PLACE OF THE PERFORMANCE

The “VENUS HOME APPLIANCES (P) Ltd., is situated 5 Km west of Tuticorin

along size the four line road connecting Tuticorin in and Palayamkottai. This is nearly

“Caldwell Collage”. The has 45,000 sqt Area build up area in 6 Acre.

The company uses up-to-date Electrical and Electronic manufacturing in the

Machinery.

SERVICE RENDER BY VENUS

VENUS HOME APPLIANCES(P) Ltd., is a 65 Year’s old manufactory concern in

Tuticorin. There in the process of Manufactory Fourth different modals of geysers the

distribution New work consists of thirteen Branch Offices and Service Centre and

spreat all over India they are Chennai, Coimbatore, Madurai, Bangalore, Ernakulum,

Secundrabad, Mumbai, Kolkata, Guwathi, New Delhi and Noida…etc.,

The Central Marketing Office is a Chennai, they have developed a good consumer

interaction. The feedback is used to develop production strategic and modals to carve

out a steady place in geyser market in India.

The company users ERP software connecting all branches to get real time. The

company uses a determined in Positive commitments, Quality conscious, Integrity in the

business, Customers Service meaning full Leadership, the Nature of accepting all

comments in a positive way, Maintenance of well designed and documentary

Accounting producer, Adopting Strategic alliance with customers maintaining better

Relation with Associates with partners and maintaining Human Resource Development

systems. This results in harmonious business parities.

Managing Director

HR Manager

Planning Manager Purchase Manager

Quality Control Manager

Store Manager Production Manager

Maintenance Manager

Production Supervisor

Labours

Assembly Processing

1.3PRODUCT PROFILE

TYPES OF WATER HEATER

Electric water heater Gas water heater

Deep drawCu Circle Cu Top Lid

Cu Door Brazing

Cu Tank

Cu Bottom Lid

Cu Door Unit

Door Plate Blanking

Cu PipesCu Circle Cu Tank With Door

Leak Test

Assembly

Instant water heater Solar water heater Heat pump water heater

Electric water heater

We have integrated our rich industry experience to fabricate a comprehensive

range of Electric Water Heater under the model name ETTALICA. Our range is

accurately developed using quality raw materials in various colors such as white, ivory,

pasta green, sea blue and grey colors. Due to its superior quality, our range is certified

by BIS and other industry relevant industry standards. These are designed with

pressure relief valve.

Types of electric water heater

IMyst

MYST

Magma

Splash

Splash GL

Wave

IMyst

The smart new Digital water heater Intelligent, Compact and stylish design to

blend perfectly with your decor. I Myst Digital Technology let you enjoy different

program options with automatic power indicator and timer

MYST

Has a compact and stylish design to blend with any décor. It has been designed

to fit even in bathrooms with low ceilings. It comes with the unique “Power Ceramic

Element” that gives trouble free performance for year after year. It is also hard water

proof.

Another unique feature of MYST is that it has a built in ELCB(Earth Leakage

circuit breaker)that gives total shock protection by cutting of the power in less than 15

milliseconds in case of any current leakage. The built in ELCB works even if there is no

working ground connection in the house. MYST also incorporates user friendly features

like 3 LED temperature indicator to show how hot is the water and an adjustable

thermostat control

Magma

100% reliable, Magma water heaters have sleek exteriors that only complement

their performance, with a unique porcelain enamel tank, Magma water heaters not only

provide excellent heating, but also last really long and utilize much less ebergy than

ordinary water heaters. For a unique bathing experience, look no further than magma.

Splash

Splash Water Heater is a reflection of the future in water heating technology and

is engineered to take your breath away. It has a rust proof ABS body, MFV pressure

cum vacuum release valve, pure copper tank with 10 year Warranty. It comes with the

international quality IEC mark.

Splash GL

Splash GL, the advanced new water heater from the Venus Family, Advanced

features combined with high performance powered by Porcelain Enamel Technology

along with sturdy components let you feel long lasting warmth.

Splash Digital, the new water heater powered by Porcelain Enamel Technology,

Advanced digital features with different program options, automatic power indicator and

timer.

Wave

Wave is a sleek water heater that conceals power packed features Comes in

range of vertical, horizontal and floor standing models. You will find a water heater

inside this range that fits your needs. Its sturdy components can take extremely high

pressures reducing wear and tear, so the warmth lasts a lifetime.

Gas Water Heaters

Gas is the fastest way to heat water. It’s the most economical way too. And it’s

the way homes and establishments across the world heat water. Heating water with a

Venus gas heater costs much less compared to an electric heater. One gets to save as

much as 66 percent on water heating and also gets hotter water much faster with gas.

All you need to do is connect a Venus gas water heater to an LPG cylinder or

piped natural gas outlet and you are ready to run. Just switch it on and you get hot

water flowing through your taps in an instant.

5 L/min – For domestic (shower, bath, and kitchen) and light commercial use

(small restaurants, cafes, etc.)

Instant water heater

Instant water heaters are an ideal alternative to traditional tank heaters.

However, it is important to understand the differences between the two types of heaters.

The installation of instant heaters are comparatively easy and do not require more

space, as no tank is required.

Further, the conventional heaters need higher levels of energy than the instant

heaters. More energy means a greater waste of electricity. Instant water heaters may be

referred to as: inline, demand, and tank less water heaters, point of use or

instantaneous water heaters.

The way the instant water heater functions is unique in comparison to the

traditional ones. A sensor controls the flow of water into the water heater. The

automatically ignited burner heats the water that flows through the heat exchanger to

the required heat. If you turn off the hot water tap, the heating process stops. There is a

dial to adjust the temperature. The major benefit of an instant water heater is that there

is always hot water in it.

Types of instant water heater

Splash instant

Lava instant

Splash Instant

splash Instant Water Heater is a no-patience water heater that gives warm water

really fast. It can fit in small spaces in the bathroom, Kitchen or Clinic. The Lava range

is available in 1ltr. & 3ltr. Sizes in 3kw, 4.5kw & 5kw models. The Lava range comes

with an ABS body, Sleek & Elegant design, advanced features like Multiple Indicator for

heating and cutoff, high pressure rating of 6 bars, over heating protection & a multi

function safety valve. The Lava range is suitable for use with pressure pumps and in

high rise building without need for fitting a pressure reducer valve. The new range will

strengthen the company’s presence in the Instant water heter segment of the market.

Lava Instant

Need hot water at the flick of a switch? Get Venus Lava instant water heater

today. It provides you with hot water in an instant. So you no longer need to heat and

store large volume of water. Thereby you not only get hot water instantly, you also get

to save on your power bills.

Solar Water Heater

Solar Water Heater – With the spiraling cost of electricity this healthy alternative

to heating water not only saves money but also runs for a long, long time. Venus has

introduced vacuum tube technology in solar water heaters for the first time.

Working of Venus VTC Solar Water Heater

The Venus Vacuum Tube Collector solar water heater is made up of rows of

parallel, transparent glass tubes. Each tube consists of a glass outer tube and an inner

tube, or absorber, covered with a selective coating that absorbs solar energy well but

inhibits radioactive heat loss. The air is withdrawn ("evacuated") from the space

between the tubes to form a vacuum, which eliminates conductive and convective heat

loss. The Vacuum tube collector absorbs the heat from the solar radiation & heats up

the water stored in the system through the Thermos phonic effect

Heat Pump water heater

Venus introduces Heat Pump Water Heater for the first time in India. Using

renewable energy heat sources from the ambient air to heat water, these heaters can

provide hot water round-the-clock and throughout the year in an energy-efficient and

affordable way. Venus Heat Pump Water Heaters are the right solution for both

domestic and commercial hot water application.

1.4INDUSTRY PROFILE

HEATERS in India, has since its inception made every effort to manufacture its

electric tubular type heating products better and better. With the intention of furnishing

our customers with the most efficient and satisfactory heating products, at the lowest

possible cost, HEATERS INDIA has striven to manufacture various types of electric

tubular heating elements and equipments, and has aggressively expanded to as the

most versatile manufacturer of these products in Bangalore.

Our in-depth knowledge of the products and applications along with efficient and

personalized service enable us to build ever lasting relationships with our customers

and suppliers.

We are continuously enhancing our product portfolio by keeping ourselves updated on new technological development and market trends to help our customers find suitable solutions for their applications.

1.5STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

1.6Objectives

To study in detail the various safety measures provided by Venus home

appliances pvt ltd

To find out the level of satisfaction of employees related with safety measures

To study the employees awareness about the existing safety measures

To find out the employee attitude and satisfaction towards safety measures

provided to them.

1.7Need of the study

Safety measures result in improving the conditions under which workers

are employed and work. It improves not only their physical efficiency, but also provides

protection to their life and limb. Inadequate provision of safety measures in factories

may lead to increase in the number of accidents. Human failure due to carelessness,

ignorance, inadequate skill, and improper supervision have also contributed to

accidents, and the consequent need for safety measures. Other factors giving rise to

the need for safety measures are:

rapid industrialization with its complexities in manufacturing

process and layout;

expansion or modifications in existing factories;

setting up of new industries involving hazards not known earlier;

lack of safety consciousness on the part of both workers and

management;

inadequate realization of the financial implications of accidents.

1.8.Limitations:

Safety can be limited in relation to some guarantee or a standard of insurance to the

quality and unharmful function of an object or organization. It is used in order to ensure

that the object or organization will do only what it is meant to do.

It is important to realize that safety is relative. Eliminating all risk, if even possible,

would be extremely difficult and very expensive. A safe situation is one where risks of

injury or property damage are low and manageable.

1.9Chapter scheme

Chapter I deals with the introduction part

Chapter II deals with the review of litrature & theoritical frame work

Chapter III deals with the research methodology

Chapter IV deals with the Data analysis and interpretation.

Chapter V deals with the findings,suggestions and conclution.

CHAPTER-II

REVIEW OF LITRATURE

Review of the literature-II

1) Intervention effectiveness research: A review of the literature on leading indicators

Abstract

Workplace injuries and property damage and the safety and health programs

designed to prevent them are expensive facets of contemporary industrial activities.

Indeed, the National Safety Council estimates that the cost of work place injuries totaled

$131 billion in 2000, a value equal to the combined profits of the top 13 Fortune 500

corporations in 1999.Optimizing intervention strategies to decrease rates of injury and

property damage with less costly safety and health programs would contribute to

improved productivity and economic vitality in activities that involve such risks.

Organizations whose activities involve risk of injury or destruction of property commit

human and financial resources to intervention activities intended to prevent accidents,

fires, spills, chemical releases, and unplanned shutdowns. The cost of implementing

safety related intervention activities can be high if they are not effectively designed and

optimally implemented.

2) Human resource safety practices and employee injuries

Workplace safety continues to be a high operational priority facing many

organizations across all types of industries. And, as Ruth (2004) notes, injuries

oftentimes result from managerial issues, rather than more notable safety issues. Thus,

identifying potential steps employers can take in their managerial practices is critical to

managing organizational costs, improving effectiveness of public policy and, most

important, protecting employees. A recent trend in human resources (HR) research may

provide some clarity to the safety research. A number of studies have established the

effectiveness of HR practices (Huselid, 1995; McEvoy and Cascio, 1985), establishing

an overall consensus that certain "good" HR practices lead to positive organizational

outcomes (Delaney and Huselid, 1996; Becker and Gerhart, 1996). Organizational

involvement has also been linked to improved safety outcomes,but these have not been

broken down into specific practices. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore

the connection between organizational-level HR practices and employee injuries.

3) Title Annotation: Safety Practices: Firm Culture, and Workplace Injuries

Richard J. Butler and Yong-Seung Park hope to draw attention to this oversight

by presenting analysis of the impact of various HRM practices on firms' workers'

compensation costs; specifically, which practices lower firms' workers' compensation

costs and whether the impact is the result of changes in technical efficiency or comes

through induced changes in workers' behavior.

The authors divide HRM practices into two groups:

1) Practices that a firm can unilaterally adopt that do not necessarily involve the

workers in either the financial or the strategic management of the firm, and 2) practices

that increase workers' involvement in the firm in one or both of these dimensions. The

first group of practices includes the degree of management involvement with the safety

efforts of the firm and the level of information sharing by management. The second

group includes the number of programs that allow employees to participate in the

financial returns of the company, the number of programs that allow employees to

participate in their firms' strategic planning, and the intensity of employees' involvement

in this strategic planning.

Traditional models of firm behavior ignore such HRM practices, assuming

management simply chooses labor and capital to maximize firms' profits. Management

is also assumed to know everything that workers know about their own behavior and

about their firms' technology. But, as Butler and Park point out, this is not realistic.

Asymmetric information, where, for example, employees have knowledge that is difficult

or costly for management to obtain, is common. Therefore, the authors develop a new

model of safety outcomes that incorporates HRM practices. They estimate this model

using data on an important outcome—safety costs. Their results show that HRM

practices do affect employees' injury claims, may help reduce injury claim frequency,

and can reduce injury—claim severity. Furthermore, they weigh in on the question of

whether these results occur because HRM practices are improving technical efficiency

or because HRM practices are reducing disability benefits consumption associated with

asymmetric information.

Butler and Park conclude with a set of policy implications for firms, workers, and

workers' compensation policy.

4) Safety motivation and human resource management in North America

Approximately 4.2 million Americans suffered nonfatal work-related injuries and

6,000 workers died of fatal work-related injuries in the US in 2005 (Bureau of Labor

Statistics 2007)Given these numbers, employee safety continues to be a concern in

organizations despite engineering advances that have reduced exposures over the past

few decades. Many factors contribute to workplace safety. These include characteristics

of the physical environment and human behavior within that environment. Human

behavior on some level plays a role in the vast majority of workplace accidents and

injuries. This can include risky behavior and signal detection failures, as well as a lack

of proactive and collective safety behaviors’ that focus on changing the work

environment to increase safety. Although several predictors of safety-related behavior

have been identified, there are some unresolved issues with respect to safety

performance in organizations. This article focuses on the behaviors’ that compose

safety performance, the factors that contribute to human safety performance,

particularly those related to motivation, and some potential new areas of research in

safety motivation in organizations.

5) A review of organizational factors and maturity measures for system safety analysis

System safety applications include mission assurance elements of accident

prevention, detection, containment, and recovery, which differ from the project risks of

cost and schedule impact widely covered in the risk management literature. However,

as with project risk, system safety can be significantly affected both during design and

operation by organizational factors potentially limiting adequate risk analysis. The

comprehensive literature review in this paper emphasizes factors within organizations,

such as bias and self-blinding, with potential for negative influence on analysis of

system safety. Measures to establish a mature analytical framework follow, with the

CMMI-SE/SW® model as a template for System Safety Analysis Maturity Levels. These

measures establish grounds for increasing levels of detail, repeatable processes,

traceable conclusions, quality control, and communicated expectations for analytical

and review activities. The purpose of the proposed maturity measures is to introduce a

balance to the organizational factors that can inhibit appropriate system safety analysis.

© 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng 8: 234–244, 2005.

2.2.THEORITICAL FRAME WORK

SAFETY MEASURES REGARDING IN FACTORIES ACT 1948

Safety measures which are provided in the Factories Act, 1948, are considered

to be minimum in terms of adequacy. Such measures are required to be effectively

implemented. In addition to implementing safety measures provided in the Factories

Act, there is also need for providing training in safety to workers, and installing safety

equipment in the factories. Employers should take the initiative in providing training

in safety to employees. Workers’ unions should take interest in safety promotion.

Periodic training courses in accident prevention can be organised. Safety should

become a habit with employers and the workers alike. The Factories Act provides for

the following safety measures

1. Fencing of Machinery

In every factory, measures should be taken for secured fencing of machinery.

Safeguards of substantial construction must be raised and constantly maintained and

kept in position while the parts of machinery (they are fencing) are in motion or in use.

Fencing is necessary in respect of:

every moving part of a prime mover;

headrace and tailrace of every water-wheel and water

turbine;

every part of an electric generator, a motor or a rotary

convertor;

every part of transmission machinery; and

every dangerous part of any other machinery

2. Work on or near Machinery in Motion

Where in any factory, it becomes necessary to examine any part of machinery,

while the machinery is in motion, such examination shall be carried out only by specially

trained adult male workers. Such workers shall wear tight fitting clothing and their

names shall be recorded in the register prescribed in this connection. The machinery in

motion with which such workers would otherwise be liable to come in contact during the

course of its examination, shall be securely fenced to prevent such contact. No woman

or young person shall be allowed to clean, lubricate or adjust any part of a prime mover

or transmission machinery, while the machinery is in motion.

3. Employment of Young Persons on Dangerous Machines

The Factories Act prohibits employment of young persons on certain types of

machines as specified under Sec.23 of the Act. They can work only after they have

been fully instructed as to the dangers arising in connection with the machines and the

precautions to be observed. They should have received sufficient training in work at

such machines. They should be under adequate supervision by a person who has a

thorough knowledge and experience of the machines.

4. Striking Gear and Devices for cutting off Power

In every factory :

i) suitable striking gear or other efficient mechanical appliances shall be provided and

maintained, and used to move driving belts to and from fast and loose pulleys

which form part of transmission machinery. Such gear or appliances shall be so

constructed, placed and maintained as to prevent the belt from creeping back on to the

fast pulley.

ii) driving belts when not in use, shall not be allowed to rest or ride upon shaft in motion.

In every factory, suitable devices for cutting off power in emergencies from running

machinery shall be provided and maintained in every workroom.

5. Self-acting Machine

No traversing part of a self-acting machine in any factory, and no material carried

thereon shall, if the space over which it runs, is a space cover which any person is liable

to pass, whether in the course of his employment or otherwise, be allowed to run on

its outward or inward traverse within a distance of eighteen inches from any fixed

structure which is not a part of the machine. This is to safeguard the workers from being

injured by self-acting machines.

6. Casing of New Machinery

Every set screw, bolt or key on any revolving shaft, spindle, wheel, or pinion shall

be so sunk, encased or otherwise effectively guarded as to prevent danger in all

machinery driven by power and installed in the factory.

The State government is authorised to make rules specifying further safeguards

to be provided in respect of any dangerous part of any particular machine or class or

description of machines in this connection.

7. Prohibition of Employment of Women and Children near

Cotton openers

No women or child shall be employed in any part of a factory where pressing a

cotton opener is at work.

8. Hoists and Lifts

In every factory:

i) hoists and lifts shall be of good mechanical construction, sound material and of

adequate strength;

ii) they shall be properly maintained, and shall be thoroughly examined by a competent

person at least once in every period of six months. A register shall be kept containing

the prescribed particulars of each such examination;

iii) every hoist way and lift way shall be sufficiently protected by an enclosure fitted with

gates, and the hoist or lift and every such enclosure shall be so constructed as to

prevent any person or thing from being trapped between any part of the hoist or lift and

any fixed structure or moving part.

iv) the maximum safe working load shall be plainly marked on every hoist or lift, and no

load greater than such load shall be carried thereon.

v) the cage of every hoist or lift used for carrying persons shall be fitted with a gate on

each side from which access is afforded to a landing.

vi) every gate shall be fitted with interlocking or other efficient device to secure that the

gate cannot be opened except when the cage is at the landing and that the cage cannot

be moved unless the gate is closed.

Where in the hoists and lifts used for carrying persons, the cage is supported by

rope or chain, there shall be at least two ropes or chains separately connected with the

cage and balance weight, and each rope or chain with its attachments shall be capable

of carrying the whole weight of the cage together with its maximum load.

Efficient devices shall be provided and maintained capable of supporting the

cage together with its maximum load in the event of breakage of the rope, chain or

attachments. An efficient automatic device shall be provided and maintained to prevent

the cage from overrunning.

9. Lifting Machines, Chains, Ropes and Lifting Tackles

‘Lifting machine’ means any crane, crab, winch, teagle, pulley

block, gin wheel, and runway.

‘Lifting tackle’ means chain slings, rope slings, hooks, shackles

and swivels.

In every factory, following safety measures shall be adopted in respect of every

lifting machine (other than a hoist and lift) and every chain, rope and lifting tackle for the

purpose of raising or lowering persons, goods or materials

a) All parts including the working gear of every lifting machine and every chain, rope or

lifting tackle shall be of good construction, sound material and adequate strength, and

free from defect; properly maintained and thoroughly examined by a competent person

at least once in every period of twelve months.

b) No lifting machine and no chain, rope, or lifting tackle shall be loaded beyond the

safe working load which shall be plainly marked on it.

c) While any person is employed or working on or near the wheel track of a travelling

crane in any place where he would be liable to be struck by the crane, effective

measures shall be taken to ensure that the crane does not approach within twenty feet

of that place.

A lifting machine or a chain, rope or lifting tackle shall be thoroughly examined in

order to arrive at a reliable conclusion as to its safety.

10. Revolving Machinery

Effective measures shall be taken in every factory to ensure that the safe working

peripheral speed of every revolving vessel, cage, basket, flywheel, pulley disc or similar

appliance driven by power is not exceeded. A notice indicating the maximum safe

working peripheral speed of every revolving machinery shall be put up in every room in

a factory in which the process of grinding is carried on.

11. Pressure Plant

If in any factory, any part of the plant or machinery used in a manufacturing

process is operated at a pressure above atmospheric pressure, effective measures

shall be taken to ensure that the safe working pressure of such part is not exceeded.

12. Floors, Stairs, and Means of Access

In every factory:

a) all floors, steps, stairs and passages shall be of sound construction and properly

maintained, and where it is necessary to ensure safety, steps, stairs, and passages

shall be provided with substantial hand rails;

b) There shall, so far as is reasonably practicable, be provided, and maintained safe

means of access to every place at which any person is at any time required to work.

13. Pits, Sumps, openings in floor etc.

which may be a source of danger, shall be either securely covered or securely

fenced.

Securely fencing a pit means covering or fencing it in such away that it ceases to

be a source of danger.

14. Excessive Weights

No person shall be employed in any factory to lift, carry or move any load so

heavy as to be likely to cause him an injury.

15. Protection of Eyes

If the manufacturing process carried on in any factory is such that it involves.

(a) Risk of injury to the eyes from particles thrown off in the course of the process or

(b) Risk to the eyes by reason of exposure to excessive lights, effective screens or

suitable goggles shall be provided for the protection of persons employed on, or in the

immediate nearness of, the process.

16. Precautions against Dangerous Fumes and use of Portable

Light

i) No person shall enter any chamber, tank, vat, pit, pipe or other confined space in a

factory in which dangerous fumes are likely to be present to such an extent as to cause

risk of persons being overcome thereby;

ii) No portable electric light of voltage exceeding twenty four volts shall be permitted in

any factory for use inside any confined space. Where the fumes present are likely to be

inflammable no lamp or light, other than of flame–proof nature, shall be allowed to be

used.

iii) No person in any factory shall be allowed to enter any confined space, until all

practicable measures have been taken to reverse any fumes which may be present and

to prevent any ingress of fumes.

iv) Suitable breathing apparatus, reviving apparatus and belts and ropes shall be kept in

every factory for instant use. All such apparatus shall be periodically examined and

certified by a competent person to be fit for use.

v) No person shall be permitted to enter in any factory, any boiler, furnace, chamber,

tank, pipe, or other confined space for the purpose of working or making any

examination until it has been sufficiently cooled by ventilation or otherwise to be safe for

persons to enter.

17. Explosive or Inflammable Dust, Gas etc.

If any manufacturing process in the factory produces dust, gas, fume, or vapour

of such a nature as is likely to explode on ignition, measures shall be taken to prevent

any such explosion by:

effective enclosure of the plant or machinery used in the process;

removal or prevention of the accumulation of such dust, gas, fume or vapor;

Exclusion or effective enclosure of all possible source of ignition. Measures shall

also be adopted to restrict the spread and effects of the explosion by providing in

the plant or machinery of chokes, baffles, vents, or other effective appliances.

18. Precautions in case of fire

i) Every factory shall be provided with such means of escape in case of fire as may b be

prescribed;

ii) In every factory, the doors affording exit from any room shall not be locked so that

they can not be easily and immediately opened from the inside while any person is

within the room, and all such doors, unless they are of sliding type, shall be constructed

to open outwards.

iii) Every door, window or other exit affording a means to escape in case of fire shall be

distinctively marked in a language understood by the majority of the workers. Such

marking should be in red letters of adequate size or by some other effective and clearly

understood sign.

iv) An effective and clearly audible means of giving warning, in case of fire, to every

person shall be provided in the factory.

v) A free passage–way giving access to each means of escape in case of fire shall be

maintained for the use of all workers in the factory.

vi) Effective measures shall be taken to ensure that in every factory all workers are

familiar with the means of escape in case of fire and have been adequately trained in

the routine to be followed in such a case.

19. Safety of Building and Machinery

In case it appears that any building, machinery or plant in a factory is in such a

condition that it is dangerous to human life or safety, the manager of the factory may be

served an order specifying measures to be adopted as prescribed. Further, in case

it appears that the use of any building, machinery or plant in a factory involves imminent

danger to human life or safety, an order may be served prohibiting the use of such

building or machinery, until it has been repaired or altered.

Suggestions

1) Steps can be taken to enhance the working atmosphere.

2) Training programmers on safety measures to be conducted regularly.

3) Live demonstration on accident prevention techniques can be imparted to the

employees.

4) The workplace can be designed in such a way so that accidents can b reduced

5) A separate cell to handle grievances can be opened

Conclusion

The safety measures are very important to the organizations without safety measures the organizations cannot run the factory in a profitable manner. So that the company to maintain the proper safety measures in the workplace. Through which reduces the accident in the organization and improve the productivity in the organization.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Bibliography

BOOKS:

C.R.Kothari,”Research Methodology wishwa Prakashan publisher.2002

C.P.Memoria Human Resources Management Himalaya publication.

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