Vegetable Improvement at WorldVeg from Genetic …afsta.org/reload/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/AFSTA_2018-Mohammed... · Flat (SE Asia), Globular (S Asia, Africa), Papaya (Taiwan)

Slide 1 (9/2017) worldveg.org

Vegetable Improvement at WorldVeg

from Genetic Resources to

Commercialization

World Vegetable CenterAFSTA, Cairo, Egypt 26th February to 1st March 2018


Presentation Structure

• Introduce WorldVeg

• WorldVeg breeders and breeding programs

• From genebank to commercialization in tomato

Begomoviruses resistance Insect resistance


Founded in 1971 as the Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center with a regional research focus on Asia

Nonprofit

Our research outputs are global public goods

Today the World Vegetable Centerhas an expanding global role with a growing network of regional offices

Some background…

MISSION

Research and

development to realize

the potential of

vegetables for healthier

lives and more resilient

livelihoods


WORLD VEGETABLE CENTER


By the numbers…

67 professional staff with 28% women

~400 employees from 34 countries

USD 21 million annual budget


Solanaceae:

− Tomato

− Pepper

Bulb Alliums:

− Onion

Legumes:

− Mungbean

− Vegetable

soybean

Cucurbits:

− Cucumber

− Pumpkin

− Bitter gourdTraditional

vegetables

Our crop portfolio


R & D Flagships

working

from seed

to table,

farm to fork


The world’s largest public collection of vegetable germplasm:

WorldVeg Genebank


Germplasm accessions conserved – 9/2017

Principal crops Other crops Total

No. of accessions 55,841 4,135 59,949

No. of genera 173

No. of species 438

Countries of origin 151

Slide 11 (9/2017) worldveg.orgApril 2017

World Vegetable Center cultivars released since 1978

582 improved vegetable cultivars released in 69countries

Nearly 15% of tomato and chili

pepper seed sales of

commercial hybrids in India

contained World Vegetable

Center material, benefiting an

estimated 500,000 farmers.


Linking private and public sectors


Public sector




key topics in the agreement

Focus vegetable crops

Tomato, Pepper (chili and sweet), Mungbean, Amaranth, African eggplant; and Other

African indigenous vegetable, to be determined

Membership benefits

• To participate in an annual workshop hosted and convened by WorldVeg in Arusha,

Tanzania (“Workshop”)

• Opportunity to hold discussions individually or in groups, by appointment, with

WorldVeg scientists during or the day after the Workshop;

• Early access to inbred lines included in WorldVeg replicated preliminary yield trials

in Tanzania;

• Twelve (12) months lead access to new entries that may eventually be publicly

available in WorldVeg’s online

• Access to WorldVeg-offered training opportunities at 20% discounted rates.

• 12 month lead access to germplasm

• Access to early information and training

• Joint projects


In east and southern Africa, 50% of tomato and 98% of African eggplant seed produced commercially in the region were varieties developed by the World Vegetable Center.

WorldVeg and NARES invested US$ 6.9 million in research, extension, and promotion of these two crops.

These varieties generated economic gains of US$ 254 million for tomato and US$ 5 million for African eggplant in Tanzania alone.

That’s an almost 30% rate of return for tomato and 12% for African eggplant!

Invest in vegetables!


WorldVeg breeders

Tomato Breeding: Major Research Topics

• Insect resistance (whitefly, mites, fruitworm, Tuta absoluta)

Mechanisms of resistance (metabolites) with DLO-Netherlands & Leibniz IPB

Mapping, introgression insect resistance genes

• Tomato yellow leaf curl disease (TYLCD) Resistance

Effectiveness of different Ty gene combination; TYLCD+ insect resistance

• Bacterial Wilt Resistance

Fine-map Bwr-6; find additional resistance genes in H7996, L285

• Late Blight Resistance

Map ‘Ph-4’ from S. pimpinellifolium L3708,

Mapping and introgression of new resistance identified in S. pimpinellifolium

• Heat tolerance (Collaboration in EU H2020 ‘TomGem’ project)

Characterize heat tolerance sources, design markers linked to traits associated with heat tolerance

WorldVeg tomato varieties released since 1978

July 2016

TYLCD, Late Blight, Root knot

Nematode and Bacterial Wilt resistance

WorldVeg pepper breeding

• Pepper varieties in broad backgrounds carrying resistance to multiple diseases and stresses and other traits

Stresses

– Viruses: ChiVMV, PVY, ToMV, CMV, Begomovirus

– Fungi: Anthracnose, Phytophthora blight

– Bacteria: Bacterial wilt, bacterial spot

– Insects/Vector: thrips, whitefly, aphid

– Tolerance to high temperature (sweet pepper)

Special trait

– Breeding male sterile lines

– Cytoplasmic male sterile lines

– Nuclear male sterile lines

C05573 AVPP1105 AVPP1106 AVPP9813 AVPP1107 AVPP1108 AVPP9905 AVPP1109 AVPP1110 AVPP1111

AVPP1115AVPP1112 AVPP1113 AVPP1114 C05483

Bittergourd profileFruit types: Chinese, Vietnam, Philippines, Okinawa, Taiwan, Thailand, South AsianHigh (>30 t/ha) & early yield, < 60 days fruit maturityHigh quality fruit (tender, creamy soft seed coat), Nutrient-rich (including anti-diabetic compounds)Resistance to powdery mildew, Cercopsora leaf spot and viruses Gynoecious line development

Pumpkin profileHigh yield (25-30 t/ha), < 90 days fruit maturity, Dark yellow/orange thick flesh (> 4 cm), good eating qualityVirus resistance (ZYMV, PRSV, CMV, SLCuV)Flat (SE Asia), Globular (S Asia, Africa), Papaya (Taiwan)

Cucurbit Product Profiles

AVBG1301 AVBG1324AVBG1323

AVBG1304 AVBG1313 AVBG1327

WorldVeg’s released lines of bitter gourd

AVPU1394

AVPU1396

AVPU1392

AVPU1393

AVPU1505

AVPU1506AVPU1502

AVPU1504 AVPU1508

AVPU1507

WorldVeg’s released lines of pumpkin

Amaranth product profiles/breeding objectives

• High leaf and seed/grain yield per unit area production

• Dark green leaf color

• Early high biomass accumulation for uproot/clear harvesting 21-30 days after sowing

• Long harvesting period for continuous leaf harvest, especially in home garden cultivation

• Creamy-white yellow seed color for grain amaranth

• Lodging resistance for seed/grain production

• Resistance to leaf blight (Choanephora cucurbitarum)

• Resistance to leaf spot (Alternaria amaranthi)

• Resistance to white rust (Albugo bliti)

• resistance/tolerance stem weevil, leaf weber

• High nutrient content such as Fe, Ca, Mg, Zn

Important traits in Amaranth

African eggplant fruit type product profiles/breeding objectives

27

• High fruit yield

• Resistance to leaf spot (Stemphylium)

• Resistance to leaf blight (Alternaria solani)

• Resistance to southern blight (Sclerotiorum rolfsii)

• Resistance to wilt complex caused by Fusarium sp.and/or Phytophthora sp.

• Resistance/tolerance to spider mite (Tetranychusevansi)

• Green to creamy fruit color at marketable harvest

• Oblong shape (more preferred) or round shape fruit, 50-70 g weight

• Early fruit maturity to first harvest, and long fruit production period for continuous harvest

• Stay green fruit on the plant and long shelf-life

Some of the diverse fruit types

Other traditional African vegetables we deal with include

28

African nightshade (Solanum spp.)

Spiderplant (Cleomegynadra)

Vegetable cow pea (Vigna unguiculata)

Ethiopian mustard (Brassica carinata)

Legume program at WorldVeg

Mungbean Urdbean

Yardlong beanVegetable cowpea

Vegetable soybean

Characteristics of World Vegetable Center- Recently developed Mungbean Lines

Category &

inbred lineDays to maturity

Pod length

(cm)

Number of seeds

per pod

100 seed weight

(g)Yield (t/ha) Seed color

Pest & disease resistances1

Types of MYMD2 Bruchid Powdery mildew

diseaseVigna3 Urdbean3 MYMIV4

Dull seeded mungbean

AVMU1622 63-65 10-11 12-14 4.1-4.3 1.8-2.2 Light green R S R R S

AVMU1627 55-58 9-10 12-14 4.0-4.2 1.0-1.5 Dark green R S R R S

Shiny seeded mungbean

AVMU1633 65-70 8-9 13-15 3.8-4.0 1.5-2.0 Dark green R S R S R

AVMU1648 58-61 9-10 12-14 5.0-5.2 1.0-1.2 Light green R S R R -

AVMU1676 58-61 10-11 12-14 4.7-5.0 1.5-2.0 Dark green R R R S S

AVMU1683 60-65 10-11 13-16 4.2-4.5 1.5-2.0 Dark green R R R S S

1 R = resistant, S = susceptible, – = data not available2 MYMD = Mungbean yellow mosaic disease3 Mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) strain4 Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus (MYMIV)

Begomoviruses resistance

• >70 tomato-infecting begomovirusspecies

• Vectored by Bemisia tabaci(whitefly)

• Widespread in tropics, subtropics

WorldVeg Trial: Taiwan HQ

• Exposure to viruliferous whiteflies before transplanting

• Tomato yellow leaf curl Thailand virus, Tomato leaf curl Taiwan virus

• TYLCD severity evaluated bi-weekly with 1-6 scale

Score 2: Very mildScore 1: (Healthy) Score 3: Mild

Score 4: Moderate Score 5: Severe Score 6: V. Severe

WorldVeg APSA Trial: Single vs. Multiple TY Genes

1 2 3 4 5 6

Tanya (none)

TMB (Ty1)

2498D (Ty2)

3024A (Ty2+?)

3205B (Ty3)

3451D (Ty3a)

3212C (Ty5)

3150A (TY5+Ty2)

F9159 (Ty5+Ty6)

FLA456 (Ty5+Ty6)

3126A (Ty3a+Ty2)

3241H (Ty3+Ty2)

3070J (Ty3+Ty2)

3125P (Ty3+Ty2)

3552B (Ty3+Ty2)

Severity Scores

En

try

TYLCD Severity Scores: 5th Observation WorldVeg-Taiwan 2014-2015

>1 Ty =2.3Single Ty=4.2Difference= -1.9**

Resistance sources: Solanum pennellii, S. habrochaites S.

pimpinellifolium, S. galapagense

Pest resistance in tomato

Linkage drag

Cornell tomato lines developed from LA 716

Linkage of insect resistance

genes with other genes from

wild species conditioning

poor horticultural traits

Identify novel sources of

resistance

Develop valid and efficient

screening methods

Mapping insect resistance

genes and develop markers

Combine insect resistance and

virus resistance

Identify mechanisms of insect resistancePyramiding insect-resistant

genes

Breeding strategies

Screening results for whitefly resistance

> 1000 accessions of S. lycopersicum

450 accessions of S. lycopersicum var. cerasiforme

11 accessions of S. cheesmaniae

18 accessions of S. galapagense

231 accessions of S. pimpinellifolium

USDA, TGRC, WorldVeg

# 1

S. lycopersicum var.

cerasiforme.

# 9

S. galapagense# 2

S. pimpinellifolium

# 1

S. cheesmaniae

Broad spectrum insect and mite resistance

Taxa and

accessions code Mortality (%) Eggs (no.) Adaxial Abaxial Larval mortality (%) Eggs no. Larval mortality (%) Eggs no.

Solanum galapagense

1001 92.5 26.3 6.3 1.0 70.0 8.0 41.0 18.0

1002 83.2 12.0 7.0 0.0 80.0 18.0 58.0 36.0

1003 97.5 15.7 1.7 0.0 60.0 18.0 61.0 12.0

Solanum cheesmaniae

2001 66.9 32.1 0.0 0.0 70.0 17.0 56.0 31.0

Solanum pimpinellifolium

3001 93.3 4.7 6.6 0.0 61.0 5.0 90.0 4.0

Solanum lycopersicum var. cersiforme

CL0016 90.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ND ND 100.0 ND

Solanum lycopersicum

CL5915 6.5 86.0 21.6 20.0 30.0 44.0 15.0 160.0

Whitefly resistance Spider mite (Eggs no.) Tuta absoluta Tomato fruitworm

Taiwan, Kenya, Tanzania, and India

Insect-resistant tomato lines derived from close wild relatives

Fresh market tomato

Processing tomato

Big hairy tomatoes


Thank you!

World Vegetable Center

Documents

Vegetable Improvement at WorldVeg from Genetic …afsta.org/reload/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/AFSTA_2018-Mohammed... · Flat (SE Asia), Globular (S Asia, Africa), Papaya (Taiwan)