Vector Biology and Behavior – Integrated

Vector Management

Haroldo Bezerra

Advisor Public Health Entomology

PAHO/WHO

Contents

• Vector biology and behavior

• Key elementes of Integrated Vector Management/IVM

• Progress and difficulties in the implementation of IVM

• Challenges

Vector biology and behavior

Biological cycle and dengue transmission

Vector Biology and behavior

Vector Biology and Behavior

MartiniqueBti, temefos, deltametrina

(Marcobe et al., 2011)

ColombiaDDT, etofenprox, lambdacihalotrina,

permetrina, bendiocarb, temefos y

fenitrotión (Fonseca-Gonzalez et

al., 2011 y Ocampo et al., 2011)

Tinidad y TobagoFentión, malatión y temefos

(Polso et al., 2011)

BrasilTemefos,cipermetrina,

(Melo-Santos et al., 2010; Lima,et al., 2011)

CubaFentión, temefos, clorpirifos, deltametrina,

cipermetrina, lambdacihalotrina

(Rodríguez et al., 2010); Bisset et al.,

2011)

ArgentinaTemefos

(Biber et al., 2006; Llinás et

al., 2010)

PanamáPirimifosmetil y temefos

(Echevers et al., 1975; Bisset et al., 2003; Rodríguez et al., 2007)

República DominicanaDDT, malatión, propoxur, permetrina y

deltametrina (Mekuria et al., 1991)

VenezuelaFentión , malatión, temefos,

pirimfosmetil , clorpirifos , fenitrotión ,

deltametrina, lambdacihalotrina,

betacipermetrina y ciflutrina

(Rodríguez et al., 2007; Pérez et al.,

2009)

Puerto RicoMalatión

(Field et al., 1984

El SalvadorTemefos, malatión, fentión,

pirimifosmetil, fenitrotión clorpirifos,

deltametrina, lambdacihalotrina,

betacipermetrina y ciflutrina

(Rodríguez et al., 2007 y Bisset et al.,

2009)

Nicaraguatemefos, malatión, fentión,

pirimifosmetil, fenitrotión clorpirifos,

deltametrina, lambdacihalotrina,

betacipermetrina y ciflutrina

(Rodríguez et al., 2007)

Costa Ricatemefos, malatión, fentión,

pirimifosmetil, fenitrotión clorpirifos,

deltametrina, lambdacihalotrina,

betacipermetrina y ciflutrina

(Perich et al.,2003; Rodríguez et al.,

2007, Bisset et al., 2012)

Perútemefos, malatión, fentión,

pirimifosmetil, fenitrotión clorpirifos,

deltametrina, lambdacihalotrina,

betacipermetrina y ciflutrina

(Vargas et al., 2006; Rodriguez et al.,

2007)

MexicoOganofosforados, carbamatos y

algunos piretroides

(Flores et al., 2006)

Fuente: Bisset J.A 2013, Bezerra, HSS y Programa Regional de Dengue 2013

Integrated Vector

Management

11

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Integrated Vector Management-IVM

Key elementes of integratedvector management :

Advocacy, social mobilization and legislation.

Colaboration within the health sector and with other sectors.

Integrated approach (non chemicaland chemical).

Evidence- based decision making.

Capacity building.WHO2004

13

Integrated Vector Management-IVM

Key elementes of integratedvector management :

Advocacy, social mobilization and legislation.

Colaboration within the health sector and with other sectors.

Integrated approch (non chemical and chemical).

Evidence- based decision making.

Capacity building.WHO2004

Objective: Aedes aegypti breeding sites controlled and mosquito density reduced

Strengthen the Entomologic surveillance system to guide the anti vectorial actions.

Emphasize the role of families in the elimination of breeding sites and the entomological risks on public health

Improve the quality and effectiveness of the anti vectorial actions

Develop basic operational research focused on generating knowledge to improve the decision making on dengue prevention and control

• Reduction >60% positive recipients for Ae. aegypti (IRR = 0.33; P<0.05)

1999 to 2015: recolectados 3,2

billones de neumáticos (RECICLANIP)

2.7 millones de toneladas de

neumáticos (2013)

Num. de ecopuntos , Brasil, 2004 -2013.

National legislation for the proper disposal of tires in Brazil (policy development and implementation)

17

Integrated Vector Management-IVM

Key elementes of integratedvector management :

Advocacy, social mobilization and legislation.

Colaboration within the health sector and with other sectors.

Integrated approch (non chemical and chemical).

Evidence- based decision making.

Capacity building.

background

WHO2004

Intersectoral collaboration through strategic alliances: the recycling industry

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19

Integrated Vector Management-IVM

Key elementes of integratedvector management :

Advocacy, social mobilization and legislation.

Colaboration within the health sector and with other sectors.

Integrated approach (non chemicaland chemical).

Evidence- based decision making.

Capacity building.

Dificulties

WHO2004

Quality and safetyDificulties

Quality of vector control equipments and interventions

Dificulties

Vector control with insecticides sometimes is carried out with no order or consideration of the entomological criteria;using inadequate and damaged equipment with no calibration and without evaluation of vector susceptibility

Some health personnel responsible for management and execution of actions are not skilled or trained in correct use of insecticides

Suceptibility to pirethoids in Ae. aegypti, México 2015

a) En mapa, en el cual visualmente (verde= eficacia del 98 al 100%, azul= eficacia del 90 al 97% yrojo=eficacia menor al 90%, lo que se traduce en una manifestación de resistencia a los insecticidas),se pueden apreciar los resultados del estudio.

23

Integrated Vector Management-IVM

Key elementes of integratedvector management :

Advocacy, social mobilization and legislation.

Colaboration within the health sector and with other sectors.

Integrated approach (non chemicaland chemical).

Evidence- based decision making.

Capacity building.

background

WHO2004

*

Entomological surveillanceQuick evaluation of Aedes aegypti (LIRAa)

Dynamics of the 2006/2007 dengue outbreak in Brazil Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz vol.103 no.6 Rio de Janeiro Sept. 2008

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LIRAa

simplified method of collection of indices for Ae. aegypti based on samples of areas (blocks/ houses)

Experiences: Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina, Bolivia, Chile (Parkland island), Panamá, Honduras, Nicaragua and Venezuela*

Concrete actions: Argentina (2009) Bolivia (2009), Brasil(2003-13), Honduras (2010)

170,000 ovitrampas en 32 estados

Vector Surveillance Ovitraps - Mexico

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60

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1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51

Chart Title

Porcentaje de Ovitrampas positivas Promedio de huevecillos por Ovitrampa

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Manejo Integrado de Vectores – MIV

Key elementes of integratedvector management :

Advocacy, social mobilization and legislation.

Colaboration within the health sector and with other sectors.

Integrated approach (non chemicaland chemical).

Evidence- based decision making.

Capacity building.WHO2004

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Collaborating centers

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Vector biology and behavior – Integrated Vector ManagementChallenge

Implementation of IVM as modelfor control and elimination of

VBDs

Challenge

DENV

CHIKV

Zika

Thank Youbezerrha@paho.org