VSATTP trong m n lin
B Cng ThngTrng i Hc Cng Nghip Thnh Ph H Ch MinhVin Cng Ngh Sinh
Hc Thc Phm
TIU LUN:M N LIN V CC VN V AN TON V SINH THC PHM
Thnh Ph H Ch MinhThng 2/2014
B Cng ThngTrng i Hc Cng Nghip Thnh Ph H Ch MinhVin Cng Ngh Sinh
Hc Thc Phm
TIU LUN:M N LIN V CC VN V AN TON V SINH THC PHM
GING VIN HNG DN: PHM M HO
DANH SCH NHMNguyn Vit Cng12009651
L Th M Duyn12014681
Ng N Sng Mai12033031
Hong Th Tho12016451
Nguyn Thu Trang12031951
L Ngc Tr12032641
Nguyn Trng Tr12014371
Nguyn c Minh Trit12010991
L Hunh Cm Xuyn12017771
MC LCChng 1- TNG QUAN V M N LIN51.1.Khi nim51.2.Ngun gc:51.3.Tnh
a dng mc tiu th:61.4.Cng ngh sn xut m n lin81.4.1.Quy trnh sn xut m
n lin101.4.2.Cc ch tiu v cht lng sn phm:22Chng 2-TIU CHUN V MT S YU
CU S DNG M N LIN242.1.Phm vi p dng242.2.Ti liu vin dn242.3.Yu cu k
thut26Chng 3- MT S VN V AN TON THC PHM TRONG M N LIN:303.1.M n lin
Hn Quc cha cht benzopyrene gy ung th:303.1.1.Tnh cht313.1.2.Tc hi
ca benzopyrene313.2.M n lin cha acid oxalic gy si thn323.2.1.Tnh
cht323.2.2.Tc hi ca Acid Oxalic333.3.M n lin cha ho cht DEHP v
DINP333.3.1.Tnh cht343.3.2.Tc hi ca DEHP v DINP343.4.M n lin cha
phm mu Tartrazine (E102)353.4.1.Tnh cht353.4.2.Tc hi ca
Tartrazine363.4.3.Liu lng c php s dng trong thc phm363.5.M n lin
cha cht bo dng Trans (Trans Fat) gy nh hng ti sc kho ngi tiu
dng373.5.1.Tnh cht373.5.2.Tc hi ca cht bo dng trans38Chng 4-TC HI
CA VIC S DNG M N LIN THNG XUYN40Chng 5- MC HIU BIT CA NGI TIU DNG V
CCH S DNG M N LIN NHM HN CH NHNG TC HI455.1. Mc hiu bit ca ngi tiu
dng455.2.Cch s dng m n lin ca ngi tiu dng465.2.1.Thi quen ca ngi
tiu dng465.2.2.Cch s dng m ng cch485.3.Ngi tiu dung thng minh48KT
LUN50
Chng 1- TNG QUAN V M N LINCuc sng hin i tt bt con ngi ngy cng bn
rn hn vi cuc sng, cng vic l mt trong nhng nguyn nhn dn n s la chn
thc n nhanh v thc phm n lin ngy cng tng.1.1. Khi nimM n lin (tn gi
quen thuc l m tm, m cua, m gi) l mt loi thc phm n lin-c xut x l
phin bn n lin ca mn ramen ca Nht. c lm ch yu vi thnh phn chnh l bt
m vt ra dng si sau sy kh bng hai hnh thc: m chin v m khng chin. M
chin c sy bng du trong thi gian 1 2 pht nhit 140 160 C. Trong khi m
khng chin c sy bng kh nng. Qu trnh chin lm m gim t 30 50%, sau dng
hi nc sy cn 2 5% m. Du dng sy m chu l th du kinh t nht du c,Cch ch
bin ht sc n gin c th s dng c sau khi di nc si ln 3-5 pht. Nu di nc
ngui, cn phi hm n ln 3 pht trong l vi ba.. N cn c gi m gi hay m cc
hoc m ly, ty cch ng m. Gi m n lin thng c mt gi gia v nh, thng bao
gm bt ngt, nhng cng c loi khng c bt ngt. C th n sng sn phm ny v m c
chin chn.1.2. Ngun gc:
Momofuku Ando
Ngi Nht c mt truyn thng m thc lu i v mn m Ramen. Chng ta ang ni
v mn m Ramen thc s c to nn t nhng nguyn liu tinh t cng nc dng tuyt
ho. Song nm 1958, sau chin tranh, ngi dn tr nn i km y l mt phn l do
thi thc ng Momofuku Ando to nn mt loi thc phm cng nghip ngon, gi r,
d kim, d ch bin c th gip chn nn i. ng Ando hc hi t nguyn tc ch bin
mn rn ni ting ca Nht l tempura, v cc cng on chun b gip tempura d
rn, d chn. ng p dng cng thc ch bin tempura to nn cc gi m n lin u
tin: Lm kh si m v gip chng tr nn d n nh cc gi du thc vt tm p hng v.
Khi c ch vi nc si, cc si m lp tc mm tr li v sn sng cho ba n.M n lin
(instant noodle) c ngi Nht coi l biu tng v nn vn ha ca t nc mt tri
mc. Trong mt cuc thm d, ngi dn Nht Bn cn xp pht minh ny ln ngi s
mt, trn c cc pht minh lng danh nh karaoke, my nghe nhc Walkman, my
tr chi in t Nintendo ca ngi Nht) 1.3. Tnh a dng mc tiu th:Xut hin u
tin ti th trng Nht Bn vo nm 1958, vi cc u im vt tri l ch bin nhanh,
mi v hp dn, gi c phi chng m n lin nhanh chng pht trin v bng n khng
ch ti nc Nht m lan rng trn ton th gii. Vi hng trm t gi c tiu th mi
nm chng minh rng s ph thuc ln ca con ngi vo loi lng thc d mang
theo, d mua v d ch bin ny.3 nc xp hng u th gii v tiu th m n lin ln
lt l Trung Quc, Indonesia v Nht. Trong s 101,4 t gi m c bn ra trn
ton th gii vo nm ngoi, Trung Quc, tnh c Hong Kong, tiu th 44 t gi,
theo sau l Indonesia vi 14,1 t gi v Nht vi 5,4 t gi, k tip l Vit
Nam vi 5,1 t gi.Vit Nam xp th 4 th gii v tiu th m n lin trong nm
2012 vi sn lng gn 5,1 t gi (ly). Nu tnh bnh qun u ngi, ng th 4 th
gii.Th trng m n lin Vit Nam c xem l con g trng vng ca cc doanh
nghip thc phm khi c tc tng trng chng mt. Theo thng k ca
Euromonitor, ch trong vng 4 nm t 2008-2012, sn lng tiu th m n lin
ca Vit Nam tng 37% ln trn 400 nghn tn cn doanh thu tng gn gp i ln
trn 20.000 t ng.Hin nay trn th trng Vit Nam c khong 50 doanh nghip
m n lin, sn xut gn 50 t gi mt nm (theo kt qu thng k ca B Cng Thng
thng 7/2012). Vit Nam, nm 2009, tiu th khong 4,3 t gi m. Tuy nhin
ch 3 nm sau (nm 2012) tng ln 5,1 t gi v s cn tip tc tng trong thi
gian ti. Vit Nam cng l nc tiu th m hng u chu vi s lng 1 - 3 gi mt
ngi mi tun, 57 gi (ly)/nm.
Cc thng hiu m n lin ln phi k dn Vit Nam Theo s liu ca Vneconomy,
tnh n thng 8/2013, Vina Acecook dn u th trng vi 50% th phn, ng th
hai l Asia Foods gi hn 20% v khong 10% l do Massan nm gi v tr th 3.
V c khong 50 doanh nghip m n lin va v nh khc Thng 7/2012. Tp on m n
lin Nissin Foods (Nht Bn) cng tham gia th trng Vit Nam.1.4. Cng ngh
sn xut m n lin
Kim tra cht lng sn phm (KCS)Bo qunBtNc trn (ng, mui, bt ngt)H
thng ci trn bt t ngH thng l cn th n mnH thng ct to siBung hp chn, h
thng ct nh lng v thm thu nguyn liuDu chinChin ginB sung Vitamin E v
CBung thi nguiPhn loi sn phmng gi sn phmM gi n lin M ly, bt n linCc
gi gia v
1.4.1. Quy trnh sn xut m n lin1.4.1.1. Chun b nguyn liu:a. Nc
trn bty l qu trnh ha tan cc ph gia vo nc, to thnh mt dung dch ng
nht, khng vn cc, khng to mng, ko vng.Cc cht ph gia nh ng, mui, bt
ngt, bt sp, cht mu, cht to dai u c cn nh lng theo ng thc n trc khi
vo bn chun b nc trn bt. Cc cu t nhiu c trn trc, t trn sau. Ly nc
theo t l qui nh vo bn trn, bt cng tc cho cnh khuy lm vic ri t t cc
cht ph gia trn vo. nh trn trong 15 pht ri tt cnh khuy. Ly dung dch
i kim tra nng . Nu dung dch t yu cu th yn bn nc trn 2 gi trc khi em
nho bt. Trc khi em dung dch i nho bt, cn bt cnh khuy tr li m bo s
ng nht ca dung dch. Nc trn c chun b trc cho 1 ca sn xut theo cng
thc ca b phn k thut. Cc cht ph gia c pha vo nc trn bt gm: Mui 2 4%
so vi lng bt. CMC 0,5 1 kg/1tn bt Nc tro Be Bt mu thc phm Na2CO3,
K2CO3 Cc gia v: ng, bt ngt, bt sp Cc thnh phn trn c ha tan bng nc
nng trong thng cha nc trn bt, sau thm nc va cho mi m bt nho. Yu cu
ca nc trn: Ha cht phi c cn theo ng t l Dung dch phi ng nht, khng vn
cc, khng to mng, ko vng b. Chun b bt:Khi chun b cc loi bt phi ring
v ghi k hiu r rang. Nguyn liu chnh sn xut m n lin l bt m (82 84%),
ngoi ra cn phi trn thm tinh bt gim gi thnh sn phm v tng dai cho si
m. Nguyn liu c cn nh lng theo cng thc ca tng loi m, sau a vo my nh
trn. 1.4.1.2. Trn bt:Trn bt l khu quan trng ca qu trnh sn xut. Yu t
ch yu hnh thnh nn khi bt nho l do protein ht nc trng n to thnh
gluten, m cu trc gluten nh mt ci khung gm nhiu mng kt li trong khi
bt; cc mng kt dnh cc ht bt b trng n. tng kt dnh ca tinh bt vi mng
gluten, lm cho bt nho dai v n hi cn phi nho lu v mnh. Mc ch ca trn
bt:Trn bt m vi nc thnh mt khi bt do. Ha tan cc cht ph gia nh ng,
mui ng thi phn tn chng u khp trong bt nho, lm cho khi bt nho tr
thnh mt khi ng nht. Yu cu ca khi bt sau khi trn: m 30 33% t ng u
cao, khng vn cc ln, trngthi bi ri khi nm nh bt trong tay, m tay ra
bt khng ri rc, dnh tay, bt mm do. a. Cch tin hnh: Qu trnh trn bt
chia lm hai giai on: Trn kh: ri u mt lt bt m, mt lng bt nng theo
sut chiu di trc nho, cho my trn kh trong vng 3 5 pht nhm m bo ng u
ca khi bt. Trn t: sau khi trn bt kh u, cho nc trnbt vo t t, theo dc
chiu di trc nho. Tip tc bt my hot ng, tin hnh nho tip trong 15 20
pht. Qu trnh nho trn ch cn m bo cc cu t trn u nhau, nu ko di thi
gian trn s c nhiu khng kh vo khi bt gy hin tng d t khi cn v gluten
hn ch trng n Lng nc nho tnh theo cng thc:
N,B: lng nc (l) v bt (kg) ,: m ca bt nho v bt (%) b. Cc s c v
cch khc phc: Khi trn bt bao gi cng c mt lng khng kh ln vo bt nho.
Lng khng kh ny c nh hng xu ti s trng n gluten, lm cho si m b t khi
to hnh bng my n p. Bt nho b nho: bt s kh cn, bng trn vt m kht, du
khng ngm u khi chin, lm cho vt m b m. Khi thy bt nho b nho do cho
lng nc trn bt qu mc cn thit, th ta cn cho bt vo thm kt hp vi nh trn
cho n khi bt va. Bt nho b kh: lm cho bt d b t khi cn. Thm nc trn bt
kt hp vi nh trn. nh bt lu bt d b vn cc: cn kim tra bt thng xuyn xc
nh ng thi im kt thc qu trnh. Cn thiu ha cht: sn phm s khng t yu cu
v mu sc, n xp Cn nh lng chnh xc cc cht ph gia khi pha nc trn bt. Ha
cht khng tan ht do khi pha nc trn bt khuy khng u: lm cho khi bt nho
khng ng nht. Cn khuy nc trn bt trc khi s dng m bo s ng nht cho dung
dch. 1.4.1.3. Qu trnh cn:Bt sau khi nho trn c x t ci trn xung thng
cha sau c a n h thng cn nhm cn bt ra thnh cc l bt. Mc ch ca qu trnh
cn:Nhm chuyn bt nho t trng thi bi ri thnh tm bt c dy u n. Lm ng nht
khi bt v tng n hi cho khi bt nho v gim lng khng kh ha ln trong bt
nho Khi i qua cc l cn bt l bt s c nn cht thnh l d to hnh. ng thi c
tc dng dn l bt n thit b ko si. Yu cu ca l bt sau khi cn:Sau khi ra
khi trc cn bt cn c b mt tng i mn, dy ng u. L bt mng, mm, xp, khng
rch, khng b lm m (do c ln bt kh vo) Khng c l xp, b mt lng u, trng
ng. Kch thc ca l bt mng dn khi qua cc trccn, l bt qua trc cn tinh
dy khong 0,8 1,2 mm. a. Cch tin hnh:Qu trnh cn c chia lm 2 giai on:
Cn th: bt nho t thng phn phi c a xung 2 cp trc th c ng knh 300mm.
Vn tc trc cn th nh, to lc nn ln p bt thnh tm a sang cn tinh. Cn
tinh: h thng cn tinh c 5 cp trc, vn tc chuyn ng gia cc l tng dn qua
cc trc v khong cch gia hai trc ca cc cp trc nh dn, khi y l bt qua l
bt s c dn mng dn. Yu cu k thut: Vn tc ca l cn tinh: v = 90 -130
v/pht. Khe h ca cc trc cn nh dn qua cc l trc. Cn th (2 cp trc) :
L1=L2= 5mm Bn th ( 1cp trc): L3=4mm Bn tinh (3 cp trc): L4=3-3,5mm
L5= 2-2,5mm L6= 1,2-1,5mm Cn tinh (2 cp trc): L7=1 -1,2 mm
L8=0,8-0,9 mm b. Cc s c v cch khc phc:Bt nho khi cn b nng, nu bt kh
khi cn d t tm iu chnh khu trn. Cc l trc chuyn ng khng u, gy ra s cb
n tm bt hoc b t l bt. iu chnh li vn tc cc l L bt b rch 2 bn mp iu
chnh 2 bn Bt dnh l cn Cn xem li no. 1.4.1.4. Ct si n bng:Mi mt sn
phm khng ch c nh gi cht lng bn trong m cn ph thuc rt ln vo hnh dng,
kch thc bn ngoi nn vic to hnh cho si m l cn thit, c coi l qu trnh
khng th b qua trong cng ngh sn xut m n lin. Mc ch ca qu trnh:To hnh
dng, kch thc c trng cho si m n lin. To bng lm tng gi tr cm quan ca
vt m. Yu cu:Si m lng, khng b rng ca. Si m ri, to thnh gn sng vi
khong cch gn u nhau. B mt si m lng, mn Si m c ng knh d= 0,8 1mm a.
Cch tin hnh: Tm bt m ra khi h thng cn tinh t yu cu, c a vo khe h
gia 2 trc dao ct v c ct thnh si nh cc rnh trn trc dao. Cc si m c to
thnh c g ra khi cc rnh nh b phn lc t st vo b mt trc dao, trnh lm
chp m, ri si. Do tc m i ra khi dao ct ln nhng tc ca bng chuyn li
nh, lm cho si m b n li, to thnh cc dn sng, gi l to bong cho si m.
Yu cu k thut:Cc rnh trn 2 trc dao c: d= 0,8 1mm; su 4mm Vn tc si m
ra khi dao ct phi ln hn rtnhiu so vi vn tc bng chuyn tip nhn (li
con) Vn tc dao ct ln hn rt nhiu so vi vn tc li con: Vdao = 0,33
0,48m/s; Vli= 0,08 0,1 m/s b. S c v cch khc phc:Chp si v ri s m: do
b phn lc khng t st vo b mt trc dao Dn si m thp: do chnh lch vn tc m
ra khi dao ct v vn tc bng chuyn nh gim tc bng chuyn hoc tng tc dao
ct. M khng t hn: do khe h gia 2 trc dao nhhn khng nhiu so vi l bt
iu chnh khe h. Si m khng bng kim tra li cc rnh trn dao ct. 1.4.1.5.
Xp khun
Mc chTo hnh dng kch thc cho vt m Yu cuVt m vung vc, uSi m bong
ln lm du d len vo khi china. Cch tin hnhM c gp vo khun. Ti v tr
ny,ngi cng nhn dng tay iu chnh cho vt m nm gn trong khun chun b cho
cng on chin1.4.1.6. Chin Mc ch Nhm thun li cho qu trnh bo qun m (do
qu trnh chin tiu dit phn ln vi sinh vt, loi bt nc) Thay th mt phn
nc bng mt lng cht bo thch hp nhm lm tng gi tr dinh dng to mu, mi
thm, v c trng cho vt m. Yu cu ca vt m. Vt m sau khi chin c m
