Vascular and

non-vascular

seedless plants

Bio 181 Week 7

Learning Objectives

• Describe the life histories and related reproductive structures of bryophytes.

• Describe the distinguishing features of liverworts, mosses, and hornworts.

• Describe some of the key adaptations that allow liverworts, mosses, and hornworts to live on land.

• Describe the role of bryophytes in the environment.

• Discuss similarities and differences between ferns and other plants you have studied in the lab.

• Describe the life cycles of ferns.

Survey of the Plant Kingdom: This and

Next Week

• Phylum – Common Name

• Hepaticophyta – Liverworts

• Bryophyta – Mosses

• Anthocerophyta – Hornworts

• Pterophyta – Ferns

• Lycophyta – Club Mosses

• Cycadophyta – Cycads

• Ginkgophyta – Ginkgo

• Coniferophyta – Conifers

• Gnetophyta – Gnetophytes

• Anthophyta – Flowering plants

Liverworts, Mosses, and Hornworts of Phyla

Hepaticophyta, Bryophyta, and Anthocerophyta

• Distinct sporophyte and gametophyte phases,

but gametophyte is the dominant phase.

Phylum Bryophyta: Mosses

• Distinct sporophyte and gametophyte phases,

but gametophyte is the dominant phase.

• Gametophytes (haploid) produce gametes

– Either male or female

• Sporophytes (diploid) produce spores

Sporophyte

Gametophyte

Phylum Bryophyta: Mosses

• Distinct sporophyte and gametophyte phases, but gametophyte is the dominant phase.

• Gametophytes (haploid) produce gametes

– Either male or female

• Haploid sperm produced by male gametophytes

– In antheridia

• Haploid egg produced by female gametophyte

– In archegonium

• Produces diploid sporophyte

Phylum Bryophyta: Mosses

• Sporophyte (diploid) grows out of archegonium, produces spores from meiosis.

Phylum Bryophyta: Mosses

• Spores grow into gametophytes.

• Starts over!

Seedless Vascular Plants of Phylum Pterophyta

• Have vascular tissue

– Xylem, phloem: conduct fluids

Ferns: Pterophyta • Have vascular tissue

– Xylem, phloem: conduct fluids

• Sporophytes – produce spores from sporophylls

– Megaphylls, microphylls

– Sporangia – where spores are produced via meiosis

• Gametophytes – produce gametes

Sporophyte

Gametophyte

Ferns: Pterophyta

• Gametophyte (haploid)

– Males develop sperm in antheridia

– Females develop eggs in archegonia

• Zygote (diploid) grows out of archegonium

• Becomes sporophyte

Sporophyte

Gametophyte

Ferns: Pterophyta

• Sporophyte’s leaves (called fronds) form clusters of sporangia

– Spots are called sori

• Meiosis in the sporangia forms spores (haploid)

• Spores germinate upon release, becoming gametophytes!

• AKA prothallia. Sporophyte

Gametophyte

Seedless Vascular Plants of Phylum Lycophyta

• Club mosses

• Have true roots, stems, and leaves!

• Sporangia occur in modified leaves called sporophylls cultured in cones called strobili.

Today • 28.1 – Examine the thallus of Marchantia • 28.2 – Prepared slide of Marchantia • 28.3 – Examine sporophytes of liverworts

– Examine model of Marchantia

• 28.4 – Examine mosses – Live: Polytrichum, Dicranum, Spagnum, Mnium

• 28.5 - SKIP • 28.6 – Examine archegonia and antheridia of mosses (prepared

slide) • 29.1 – Examine sori

– Dissecting scope and prepared slide of fern indusium (compound light microscope)

• 29.2 – Observe archegonia and antheridia - prepared slides • Examine Horsetails - Table 3 • 29.4 - Examine club mosses

– Observe live club moss (Lycopodium)