Chng1NGUYN TBI 1TRNG QUC T VIT CVOKHONGNM440TRCCN,NH TRITHC-M-RITCHORNG NGUYNTLHTKHNGTHCHI !"C N#$M%&'()*&+,-.(/0-.12I2-.345&)*67& 89) :.; : :.?- '@A '6B: :?A -C; DE& .C- /.F)* -.G DH I.J) :.&, KL )*AMN) -OLIU IU NY C! NG "#NGI THNH PHN CU TO CA NGUYN T1. Electrona) S tm ra electronNm 1897, nh bc hc ngi Anh Tm-xn nghin cu tia m cc c c im sau: - L chm ht vt cht v chuyn ng vi vn tc rt ln. - L chm ht mang in tch m* Kt lun: chm ht tia m cc l cc electron, k hiu l eM phng cu to tia m ccI THNH PHN CU TO CA NGUYN Tb) Khi lng v in tch ca electronBng thc nghim, electron c: - Khi lng: 9,1.10-31 kg - in tch:(culng) = -e0 (e0: in tch n v). Quy c: 1-PQRSTU PQ,V$Q0C-+T$% &' ()( *+ (h,' h-. /0. (h1. /+ (h234n 56ng /7$ /0n .8( 91. *7nTh: ngh$;' .n NH HNG CA IN TRNG V T TRNG LN TIA M CCNH HNG CA IN TRNG V T TRNG LN TIA M CC++---+T$% &' ()( *+ (h,' h-. '%ng 5$;n .:(h &'3Th: ngh$;' .n 2. S TM RA HT NHN NGUYN TNm 1911, nh vt l ngi Anh Rutherford v cc cng s cho cc ht bn ph mt l vng mng. Nguyn t c c im:- Cu to rng- Cha phn mang in tch dng, c gi l ht nhn- Kch thc ca ht nhn rt nh so vi kch thc ca nguyn tM phng92. S TM RA HT NHN NGUYN TKt lun: - Nguyn t cu to gm ht nhn v lp v nguyn t (cha cc electron). - Do nguyn t trung ha v in nn s n v in tch dng ca ht nhn bng ng s electron quay xung quanh ht nhn.- Khi lng nguyn t khi lng ht nhn.9BH-S 2M+n h2Anh B2%ng Rai cha trong hp ch phng ra tia LC /+ng 'DngR1. :. h-. EF E0. *-$ Gh:% @%2M6. @8 h-. EF *;(h h7ng E%n 5H2% @8 h-. I23Jn .hKng B2% *C /+ngM hnh th nghim khm ph ra ht nhn nguyn tTh nghim tm ra ht nhn nguyn t3. CU TO CA HT NHN NGUYN Ta) S tm ra ht proton (Nm 1918)- Khi lng: mp = 1,6726.10-27 kg - in tch: qp = + 1,6.10-19 C = e0- Proton l mt thnh phn cu to ca ht nhn nguyn t.Quy c: 1+b) S tm ra ht ntron (Nm 1932, Chadwick)- Khi lng: mn mp = 1,6748.10-27kg- in tch: qn = 0- Ntron cng l mt thnh phn cu to ca ht nhn nguyn tWKS:-