Vapour Absorption Machine

7/25/2019 Vapour Absorption Machine

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VAPOUR ABSORPTION MACHINES(Under Technical Collaboration with Hitachi Ltd., Japan)

The most energy efficient and reliable

advanced PARAFLOW technology.


2/12

VOLTAS AT ITS VERY BESTOLTAS AT ITS VERY BEST

VOLTAS OFFERS VAPOUR ABSORPTION MACHINES

WITH STATE-OF-THE-ART TECHNOLOGY

FROM HITACHI.

Waste heat sources can be used

to produce cooling. The absorptionmachines are also used as a

heat pumpby utilising absorption

refrigeration cycle heat energy in the

hot water at outlet of absorber and

condenser circuits for applications

requiring simultaneous cooling and

heating and in co-generation

applications.

Single stage (Single Effect) machines can use low-pressure steam as well as hot water to drive the

lithium bromide absorption cycle effectively.

Two Stage (Double Effect) machines are designed to work on Hitachi Patented parallel flow

cycle using medium pressure steam for a lower steam consumption rate with reduced energy cost.

Li Br solution as absorbent, non-toxic

lithium molibidate and lithium nitrate

inhibitors and water, as refrigerant are

harmless. Also these machines are

ozone-friendlysince no usage of CFC.

Voltas' manufacturing range covers the following types of absorption machines.

2Double Effect - Saturated steam (Pressure 3 to 10 kgs/ cm g) : 11 Models, 80 TR to 1250 TR.

2Single Effect - Saturated steam (Pressure 0.4 to 1.5 kg/cm g) : 5 Models, 200 TR to 1000 TR.

Single Effect - High Temperature Hot Water (HW at 140C) : 5 Models, 200 TR to 1000 TR.

Single Effect - Low Temperature Hot Water (HW at 85C) : 5 Models, 100 TR to 450 TR.

Ask for Voltas Direct Fired Absorption Machines 40 TR to 700 TR using oil, gas or kerosene.

Versatility

Converting waste into worth

Environment protection

Vapour Absorption Machine

PRODUCT RANGE

Versatility is built into Voltas Vapour Absorption Machines.


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SUPERIOR FEATURESUPERIOR FEATURES

Technology For double effect VAM in India, only Voltas offers world's most preferred Parallel-Flowtechnology originally patented by Hitachi, now followed by majority of renownedmanufacturers in Japan, USA & other countries.

Parallel low

For details refer page 6,7 & 8.

Highest Efficiency Voltas Double Effect VAM offers lowest steam consumption when compared with others aidentical operating parameters.

Large Design Margins Voltas offers standardisation of machine capacity with cooling water inlet temperature a32C having large design margins compared to machines designed at 29.4C aidentical capacity by others.

Capacity range Wide range available i.e. 80 TR to 1250 TR, in double effect VAM.

Soft Spray System In evaporator & absorber section, Hitachi's patented design SS nozzles provided fopressurised soft spray of refrigerant & absorbent for excellent heat transfer co-efficient &

__full coverage of heat transfer areas. Additional benefits are no clogging and no neefor automatic cooling water shutoff valve (Absolutely essential in gravity feed system).

HTG-U-tubes In double effect VAM, U tube design is the best construction to take care of thermaexpansion in high temperature zone. Voltas provides highest quality seamless gradCu-Ni-70/30 or SS-316 L tubes compared to others generally provide ferretic gradcheaper ERW tubes.

Fused sight glasses

Inhibitors

PLC based Control Panel

High Performance Tubes

Factory Performance Test

Optional Features

At strategic locations on the unit, Sight Glass Assembly is provided. Fused glasconstruction ensure no leakage from this port for life time and needs no replacements

Backed up by Hitachi's R&D, Lithium Molibidate & Lithium Nitrate mixture. This formuloffers negligible non-congible generation compared to other system. They are totally nontoxic and environment friendly.

Advanced PLC based System is a standard feature in Voltas VAM, with user-friendly ke

board, LED facia and LCD display system.High performance finned tubes are provided as per requirements, having doublthickness compared to others.

All VAMs mandotorily are performance tested under simulated load conditions at 100%actual capacity on the most modern test bench in Voltas factory prior to despatch.

Different MOC of tubes i.e. Cu-Ni, SS or other special requirements can be offeredin evaporator, absorber and condenser.

Connectivity for communication, data logging, history charts, mimics to PC at remotlocation and or to BMS, DCS Systems.

High performance tubes in absorber section.

Bearing wear monitors for canned motor pumps.

Narrow approach at installation site exist, then unit can be supplied in 2 or 3 majosections as per need.

Automatic purge system avoiding need of removal of non-condensible gases througpurge pump.

For any other specific optional requirements, please ask Voltas for confirmation.


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SINGLE EFFECT - VAPOUR ABSORPTION MACHINEINGLE EFFECT - VAPOUR ABSORPTION MACHINE

Single effect absorption machines work on low-pressure steam or hot water as heat source. A negligibleamount of electrical energy is required to operate them.

Unique single shell leak tight constructionmaintaining excellent hermatic conditions.Perfect protection from thermal stresses due tofloating end type generator design.Simple but efficient capacity control by steamcondensate throttling.Better safety margin against crystallization.

FEATURESEATURES Easily openable water boxes.Efficient soft spray arrangement in evaporator andabsorber sections for full coverage of heat transferarea.High performance tubes in evaporator for bestapproach there by possible to get consistent chilledwater outlet temperature.Fully factory performance tested unit undersimulated load conditions.

SINGLE EFFECT MODELS HAU-D,N,H,L .INGLE EFFECT MODELS HAU-D N H L.

Chilled watersuspension cutout

Au to ma ti cstart/stoprelay

Condenser

Generator

Evaporator

Ab so rb er

Vacuum pump

Solution-Heat Exchanger Ab so rb er le ve l g au ge

Solution pump

Refrigerantpump

Drain controlvalve

Controlpanel

Refrigerantlevel guage

Vacuum Manometer

Sight glass


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WORKING OF SINGLE EFFECT MACHINES HAU - D, N, H, L.ORKING OF SINGLE EFFECT MACHINES HAU - D N H L.

This is the Refrigeration cycle description.

OPERATIONPERATION

Voltas single effect absorptionmachine consists of two sections in

one shell. The lower section housesthe evaporator and the absorber,. Theupper section houses the generatorand the condenser. The pressure in thelower section is of the order of 6 mmHg (abs) while the pressure in the uppersection is about 70 mm Hg(abs).LiBr-Water combination is used in theoperation of vapour absorptioncycle. Water acts as the refrigerantand LiBr as the absorbent. Solutionpump, refrigerant pump, heat

exchanger, purge unit and the controlpanel complete the machine.

1. EVAPORATOR1. EVAPORATOR

Refrigerant pump sprays the waterover the evaporator tube bundle. Thewater to be chilled that is circulatingin the evaporator tubes, gets cooledas the refrigerant water in the shellevaporates because of extremely lowpressure in the evaporator shell.2. ABSORBER2. ABSORBER

the absorber through a mist-eliminator. Concentrated LiBr-Watersolution is sprayed over the absorber

tube bundle. The refrigerant vapouris absorbed by the strong solutionbe in g spr aye d and heat o fabsorption is removed by coolingwater passing through the absorbertubes. The weak solution form theabsorber is sent by the solution pumpto the generator for recovering therefrigerant water vapour.

3. GENERATOR. GENERATOR

Weak solution from absorber is

heated in the generator with the helpof low pressure steam / hot water.The refrigerant water vapour is

evaporated and goes to thecondenser. The strong solution is sentdown to the absorber for furtherabsorption of water vapour.

4. HEAT EXCHANGER. HEAT EXCHANGER

5. CONDENSER. CONDENSER

To recover the heat energy form thestrong solution returning to absorbera heat exchanger is used. The coldweak solution being pumped fromthe absorber picks up excess heatfrom the strong solution. Thisimproves cycle efficiency.

The water vapour evaporated in thegenerator at a higher temperatureand pressure is condensed to liquidform in the condenser where the heatof condensation is picked up by thecooling water from the absorber inletcirculating in the condenser tubes.The condensed refrigerant water isreturned to the evaporator throughan expansion device.

LiBr - H 2O CYCLEiBr - H 2O CYCLE

Concentratedsolut ion

Mixed solution

Dilutedsolut ion

Refrigerant


6/12

DOUBLE EFFECT MODELS - HAU-W - H, N, S.OUBLE EFFECT MODELS - HAU-W - H N S.

INTRODUCTIONNTRODUCTION

Double effect absorption machines work on mediumpressure saturated steam and a negligible amount ofelectrical energy is required to operate them.

Voltas double effect vapour absorption machines usemedium pressure saturated steam (pressure of 3 to 10

2kg/cm g) to produce a refrigeration effect. It can alsoprovide simultaneous heating by utilizing the heat that isremoved during the vapour absorption cycle.

At standard operating conditions steam consumption ofVoltas, double effect steam absorption machines is justabout 4 . 3k/g hr T R .Under the technical collaboration with Hitachi Ltd.,Japan, Voltas manufactures the world famous ParallelFlow vapour absorption machines patented by Hitachi.

These machines are surprisingly compact and are wellknown for their reliability and energy efficiency.

OPERATIONPERATION

Hitachi patented parallel flow solution cycleitachi patented parallel flow solution cycle

In the double effect vapour absorption cycle employingthe parallel flow principle, the weak solution from theabsorber is pumped simultaneously to two generators,a high temperature generator and a low temperaturegenerator. Since the solution is pumped simultaneouslyto the two generators, the high temperature generator

can be located at a lower level. Whereas in the SeriesFlow double effect machines used by othermanufacturers, the high temperature generator has tobe placed above the low temperature generator toallow draining of solution from a high temperaturegenerator to a low temperature generator. Therefore, theoverall height of the Voltas parallel flow machines isgreat ly red u c e d .Further more, the parallel flow method also contributesto increased safety levels, reliable cycle and easymaintenance. Comparison of parallel flow and seriesflow cycles can be seen in the diagram given below.

THE SOLUTION CONCENTRATION AT THE

ABSORBER INLET (WHERE THE TEMPERATURE

IS VERY LOW IN THE CYCLE) IS LOWER IN

PATENTED PARALLEL FLOW CYCLE, UNIQUE

IN VOLTAS-HITACHI MACHINES THUS

ENSURING SAFE OPERATION, AWAY FROM

THE CRYSTALLIZATION ZONE, WHEREAS

SERIES FLOW MACHINES OF OTHER

MANUFACTURERS OPERATING AT HIGHER

CONCENTRATION AND TEMPERATURE

CLOSER TO CRYSTALLIZATION ZONE, ARE

MORE PRONE TO CRYSTALLIZATION

Compar ison of Parallel Flow and Series Flow on Duhring Diagramompar ison of Parallel Flow and Series Flow on Duhring Diagram


7/12

WORKING OF DOUBLE EFFECT MACHINES HAU-W- H,N,S.ORKING OF DOUBLE EFFECT MACHINES HAU-W- H N S.

This is the Refrigeration cycle of the patented Parallel Flow method.

1. EVAPORATOR. EVAPORATOR 4. LOW TEMPERATURE GENERATOR. LOW TEMPERATURE GENERATOR

5. CONDENSER. CONDENSER

The refrigerant pump sprays the water over theevaporator tube bundle. The water to be chilled,

circulating in the evaporator tube gets cooled, as therefrigerant water evaporates because of extremelylow pressure in the evaporator.

The refrigerant water vapour goes to the absorberthrough the mist-eliminator. Concentrated LiBr-watersolution is sprayed over the absorber tube bundle. Therefrigerant vapour is absorbed by the strong solutionbeing sprayed and the heat of absorption is removed bycooling water passing through the absorber tube. Weaksolution from the absorber is sent by the solution to the

high temperature and low temperature generators torecover the refrigerant water vapour.3. HIGH TEMPERATURE GENERATOR. HIGH TEMPERATURE GENERATOR

The weak solution is headed by the steam from thegenerator tubes. Due to the heat supplied in the hightemperature generator, the weak solution of lithium bromideand water gets concentrated and refrigerant water isseparated by evaporation.

The hot evaporated water vapour from hightemperature generator is used to heat the weak solutionthat has been pumped into the low temperaturegenerator to concentrate it.

The water vapour evaporated in the generator at ahigher temperature and pressure is condensed toliquid form in the condenser, where the heat ofcondensation is picked up by the cooling water froman absorber outlet circulating in the condenser tubes.The condensed refrigerant water is returned to theevaporator through an expansion device.6,7. HEAT EXCHANGERS7. HEAT EXCHANGERS

To recover the heat energy from the strong solutionreturning to the absorber, two heat exchangers areused. The cold weak solution being pumped from theabsorber picks up excess heat from the strong solutionin the heat exchangers. This improves cycle efficiency.The adjoining diagram explains the operation of theParallel Flow Cycle.

LiBr - H 2O CYCLEiBr - H 2O CYCLE

HTGT

LTG

ParaFlowPara

Flow

AE

C


8/12

EXCLUSIVE FEATURESXCLUSIVE FEATURES

Exclusive Features of Hitachi Parallel Flow Cycle

Scope of Supply

LowerFirst-StageGeneratorPressure

Lower SolutionFlow Rate

EnablingFloor installationof First-StageGenerator

LowerFirst-Stage

GeneratorTemperature

LessHeatingEnergyInput

CompactDesign &

SinglePackageUnit

Higher Corrosion Allowance

Increased Efficiency

Higher Operational Allowance

on fouling of condenser/

absorber tubes

Highly reliable since nosite welding is required

Items

Absorption chiller main unit

Cooling water connection piping

Foundation bolts

Vibration-isolator (rubber pads)

Refrigerant water

Steam inlet control valve

Steam inlet pressure gauge

Steam inlet shut-off valve

Drainage back pressure setting valve

Steam-safety valve

Other safety and control devices

LiBr solution

Factory performance tests

Customer witness tests

Shipping

Unloading etc.

Remarks

Factory supply

Piping between absorber and condenser

Optional item

First charge only

Pneumatic type (loose supply)

For details refer to Voltas

First charge only

Only one unit when multiple units are ordered

Optional

Shipped on truck or trailer (Optional)

Optional items

Scope of supply

0

0

x

x

0

0

x

x

x

x

0

0

0

x

x

x

1. Equipment

2. Testing

3. Transportation

Note: O indicates Scope of supply by Voltas x indicates Out of scope of supply by Voltas


9/12

PLANNING AND CONSTRUCTIONLANNING AND CONSTRUCTION

STEAM PIPING SCHEMATIC FOR SINGLE EFFECT MACHINETE M PIPING SCHEM TIC FOR SINGLE EFFECT M CHINE

PIPING SCHEMATIC FOR TWO EFFECT MACHINEIPING SCHEM TIC FOR TWO EFFECT M CHINE

(A) WATER SIDEA) WATER SIDE

(B) STEAM AND CONDENSATE SIDEB) STEAM AND CONDENSATE SIDE

Voltas scope of supplyoltas scope of supply

Voltas scope of supplyoltas scope of supply

SeparateshipmentVoltas supply

eparate

shipment

Voltas supply


10/12

DIMENSIONSIMENSIONS

Single Effectingle EffectDimensions and weightsimensions and weights

Models HAU-

Length (L)

Width (W)

Height (H)

Tube replacement length

Rigging weight (t)

200NH-200NL-200N

16DH-16DL-16D

18DH-18DL-18D

19DH-19DL-19D

20DH-20DL-20D

3290

1750

2055

3200

5.0

4815

2180

2885

4300

11.0

7185

2180

2920

6600

13.0

7275

2560

3290

6600

17.4

8975

2560

3290

8300

22.1

All dimensions in mm

Double Effectouble Effect

Layout Dimensionsayout Dimensions

(B- side)B- side) (A- side)A- side)

Installation Layout Requirements

Model: HAU - W -

Length (L)

Width (W)

Height (H)

Rigging weight (t )

Model: HAU - W -

Length L)

Width W)

Height H)

Rigging weight t)

80S

2460

1495

1902

4.1

80S

2460

1495

1902

4.1

80S

4460

1705

2495

500

1495

500

80S

4460

1705

2495

500

1495

500

120S

2870

1720

2126

5.5

120S

2870

1720

2126

5.5

120S

4870

1930

2720

500

1720

500

120S

4870

1930

2720

500

1720

500

200 N25

3370

1800

2060

6.5

200 N

25

3370

1800

2060

6.5

310 H25

4600

2130

2515

11.6

310 H

25

4600

2130

2515

11.6

300H 25

6600

2450

3840

855

2130

855

300H

25

6600

2450

3840

855

2130

855

400 H25

4600

2130

2515

15.0

400 H

25

4600

2130

2515

15.0

400H 25

6600

3300

3840

855

2130

855

400H

25

6600

3300

3840

855

2130

855

500 H25

5600

2130

2580

16.0

500 H

25

5600

2130

2580

16.0

500H 25

7600

4300

3840

855

2130

855

500H

25

7600

4300

3840

855

2130

855

600 H25

6600

2130

2600

20.0

600 H

25

6600

2130

2600

20.0

600H 25

8600

5300

3840

855

2130

855

600H

25

8600

5300

3840

855

2130

855

700 H25

7500

2130

2670

25.5

700 H

25

7500

2130

2670

25.5

700H 25

9500

6300

3840

855

2130

855

700H

25

9500

6300

3840

855

2130

855

800 H25

8610

2330

2670

26.0

800 H

25

8610

2330

2670

26.0

1000 H25

8670

2670

2830

30.0

1000 H

25

8670

2670

2830

30.0

1000H25

10670

7300

4670

1000

2670

1000

1000H

25

10670

7300

4670

1000

2670

1000

1250 H25

8670

3350

3300

42.0

1250 H

25

8670

3350

3300

42.0

200N25

5570

2200

2800

500

1800

500

200N

25

5570

2200

2800

500

1800

500

800H 25

10610

7300

4330

1000

52330

1000

800H

25

10610

7300

4330

1000

52330

1000

1250H 25

10670

7300

5350

1000

3350

1000

1250H

25

10670

7300

5350

1000

3350

1000

All dimensions in mm

Model: HAU - W -

A

B

C

D

E

F

Model: HAU - W -

A

B

C

D

E

F

Overall Dimensions and Weight


11/12

STANDARD SPECIFICATIONSTANDARD SPECIFICATIONS

Double Effect Steam Models : HAU - W - H, N, S.

Single Effect High Temp. And Low Temp. Hot Water Models : HAU - H/ L-N, D

Model

Chilling capacity (Nominal)

Steam pressure (saturated) Temperature

Flow rate

Piping Size

Temperature

Flow rate

Piping Size

Flow rate

Steam piping size Drain piping size

Chilledwater

Coolingwater

Elect. Reqt:(415 V,50Hz,30)

Steam

Units

RT

2

Kg/cm g0C

m3/h

in

0C

m3/h

in

KW

kg/h

inin

80S

80

49

3

83

4

1.3

344

2

120S

120

73

4

125

5

2.1

516

2

200N25

200

121

5

208

6

4.7

860

2

310H25

310

012 CIn

187

6

032 C In

322

8

5.8

1333

3

400H25

400

242

6

416

8

6.9

1720

3

500H25

500

8.0

302

8

520

10

7.6

2150

4

600H25

600

363

8

624

12

9.6

2580

5

700H25

700

07 C Out

423

10

037.4 C Out

728

12

9.6

3010

51

800H25

800

484

10

832

12

15

3440

61

1000H25

1000

605

12

1040

14

15

4300

61

1250H25

1250

755

12

1300

16

16.6

5375

61

-

-

HAU - W: 2Stage Steam

Model


Temperature

Flow rate

Temperature

Flow rate

Flow rate

H. W. Temp

Chi l ledwater

Cool ingwater

Elect. Reqt:(415 V,50Hz,30)

Hotwater

Units

RT

0C

m3/h

0C

m3/h

kW

t/h

0C

200N

200

121

170

3.6

36

16D

400

012 C In

242

032 C In

340

7.6

72

0140 C In

18D

630

381

536

7.6

114

19D

800

07 C Out

484

037.4 C Out

680

9.6

144

0115C Out

20D

1000

605

850

11.0

180

200N

100

61

191

3.6

89

16D

180

014 C In

109

031 C In

344

7.6

161

085 C In

18D

283

172

541

7.6

252

19D

360

09 C Out

218

036 C Out

688

9.6

321

080 C Out

20D

450

273

860

11.0

401

--

-

-

-

-

HAU - L: 1Stage Low Temp. Hot WaterHAU - H: 1Stage High Temp. Hot Water

Single Effect Steam Models : HAU - D, N

Model


Chilling capacity (saturated)

Temperature

Flow rate

Piping size

Temperature

Flow rate

Piping size

Flow rate

Steam piping size

Drain piping size

Steam

Units

RT2

Kg/cm g0C

m3/h

in0C

m3/h

in

kW

kg/h

in

in

200N

200

121

5

170

6

3.6

1700

4

1

16D

400

012 C In

242

80

32 C In

340

8

7.6

3400

6

2

18D

630

381

10

536

10

7.6

5355

8

2

19D

800

07 C Out

484

120

41 C out

680

12

9.6

6800

10

3

20D

1000

605

12

850

14

11.0

8500

12

4

-

-

HAU : 1Stage SteamNotes:

1. Steam pressure and steam flow rates mentioned above are for Dry

Saturated steam.

2. Fouling factor for CHW, CW and HW considering as 0.0001 metric units.

3. Above are the nominal chilling capacities based on duty conditions given in the table. For capacities, steam consumption, etc, at duty conditions other than above, contact your nearest Voltas office or refer quotations.

4. Specifications and data are subject to change without notice.


12/12

Air Conditioning & Refrigeration Business GroupVoltas House B, T. B. Kadam Marg, Chinchpokli, Mumbai 400 033.

Tel.: 4617777. Fax: 3771970.

(Product development is a continuous process in Voltas, hence specifications and technical data are subject to alterations without notice.)

Documents

Vapour Absorption Machine