Values in Raghuvansham 1 - Book Review :: Golden Research

Values in Raghuvansham

Chandrhasy D. Sonpethkar 1





Values in Raghuvansham, 1st Edition Chandrhasy D. Sonpethkar Price:110/- © 2012 by Laxmi Book Publication, Solapur All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by mimeograph or any other means, without permission in writing from the publisher. ISBN-978-81-923843-4-4 Published by Laxmi Book Publication, 258/34, Raviwar Peth, Solapur Maharashtra, India Cell: 9595 359 435 www.isrj.net Email ID: [email protected]



Values in Raghuvansham By

Chandrhasy D. Sonpethkar




By- Chandrhasy D. Sonpethkar ISBN: 978-81-923843-4-4

Price- 110/-Rs.

First edition- 2012

Publication- Laxmi Book Publication

Type setting-

The Author has tried to mention correct information before readers in proper manner. All suggestions are welcome. But no one can take any legal action against author or publisher.



Acknowledgements….! “With an abounded pleasure and immeasurable gratitude a

seldom chance of obligation is being entertained in favor of all faculties

of reputed establishment Swami Ramanandteerth Marathawada

University, Nanded. Of course, an immense assistance accorded is quite

far from the purview of my gratification, but still a silly effort of

expressing Vote of Thanks is the only way I find, though the words are

less.

Enlisting the creditors of my successful research work for partial

fulfillment of M.Ed. course, entitled “Values in Raghuvansham: A

Critical Study”, I must thank Respected to Dr. Ujjwala Sadawarte,

Faculty Dean and Principal, Vivekvardhini Women’s B. Ed. College,

Nanded, Dr. Vaijayanta Patil, Associate Professor & Director Dept. of

Education, Swami Ramanandteerth Marathawada University, Nanded,

Dr. Santukraoji Hambarde, Deputy Registrar, S. R. T. M. U. Nanded Dr.

Vivek Inamdar, Principal, S.S.S.’s College of Education, Vishnupuri,

Nanded and Dr. Balaji Lahorkar, Principal, Satav College of Education,

Kalamnuri, Prof. Satyakam Pathak, Head, Dept. of Sanskrit, N. S. B.

College, Nanded, Dr. V. V. Gogate, Senior Educationist, Pune, Dr.



Nandini Patil, Principal, T. C. E., Pune who have inspired me and let this

endeavor in fruitful result.

None of the things can result positive without proper direction

and in having the same I am very happy to be called lucky as I had our

efficient Dr. Ashok Gingine, Asst. Professor, Dept. of Education, S. R. T.

M. U., Nanded as an expert guide in this respect. More over the major

credit, right from scheduling the program to the final outcome of it, goes

to him. For the recognition of which I will be ever in search of more

superb words than merely thanking him a lot.

I am deeply indebted Dr. Chandrakant Baviskar, Asso. Professor,

Dept. of Education, S. R. T. M. U., Nanded, Mr. Mahesh Joshi Asst.

Professor, Dept. of Education, S. R. T. M. U., Nanded and Dr. Sunita patil,

Asst. Professor, Dept. of Education, S. R. T. M. U., Nanded for their able

guidance and constant motivation.

I specially thank Prof. S. C. Gaikwad, Prof. Ashok Metkar, Prof.

Jyoti Takalikar, Prof. Kshama Karajgaonkar, Prof. Bhagyashri Mule,

Prof. Gonde, Mr. Kaleshwar Kirkan and all of my colleagues and other

non-teaching staff of the department, University library and all of staff-

members of S.S.S.’s College of Education, Vishnupuri-Nanded.

I am grateful to my loving uncle Mr. Anand Joshi, Well-known

tutor of English, CIDCO, Nanded, my beloved brothers Viraj Ade,

Director, S. S. E., Nanded and Aditya Joshi (rising scientist) for their

affective help I could present my work in English. Further, it is my

privilege to acknowledge the help, moral support and motivation



extended to me during the entire course of my study by my respected

Teachers, Parents, my loving sister and wife. I am thankful to all of my

students and friends including Madhavi, Mohini, Pornima, Atul, Sachin,

Mahesh, Vaibhav and Datta.

Concluding the vote of thanks I want to say-

“Mistakes are mine & good things belong to my teachers.”

- Author



The book is dedicated to

Saint Shree Rangnathmaharaj

& Saint Shree Bhagwanmaharaj



IInnddeexx::

SSrr.. NNoo.. TTiittllee PPaaggee NNoo..

II

IInnttrroodduuccttiioonn

1133--2200

IIII

RReevviieeww ooff CCoonncceerrnn RReesseeaarrcchh && LLiitteerraattuurree

2211--3344

IIIIII

MMeetthhoodd ooff RReesseeaarrcchh

3355--3366

IIVV

IInntteerrpprreettaattiioonn ooff CCoolllleecctteedd DDaattaa

3377--5599

VV

SSuummmmeerryy,, RReessuullttss && RReeccoommmmeennddaattiioonnss

6600--6633

BBiibblliiooggrraapphhyy

6644--6688



List of Tables:

Sr. No. Subject Chapter No. Page No

1. Articles & Authors II 21

2. Generosity IV 37

3. Hospitality IV 39

4. Forgiveness IV 40

5. Groupness IV 41

6. Conscience IV 42

7. Servitude IV 44

8. Universal Benevolence IV 45

9. Ideal Customs IV 46

10. Modesty IV 48

11. Leadership IV 50

12. Love to Nature IV 53

13. Hardworking IV 54

14. Appreciation of Merits IV 55

15. Friendship IV 57

16. Classification of Values V 60



List of Graphs:

Sr. No. Subject Chapter No. Page No

1 Amount of Values IV 58

2 Amount of Canto wise Reflection of

Values

IV 59



Chapter first

ll Introduction ll

1.1 Introduction :

Sanskrit literature is so varied & all in compassing that everything

under the sun finds place in Sanskrit literature.

National integrity in all its aspects in India can be achieved through

Sanskrit literature effectively. Not only east but west also respects

Sanskrit literature. William jone, a great Sanskrit-Scholar who

introduced the sweetness & greatness to the western people and said,

“Sanskrit has been the breath of India, without which the very identity &

ethos of this country would be faceless.”

Sanskrit literature touches every section of thought of human being. In

Sanskrit literature, we find thoughts on Actual sciences like physics,

chemistry Social sciences like Economics, politics, psychology,

Sociology, Philosophy & ethics also. Sanskrit literature is found in the

form of prose & poetry.

1.1.1 An Introduction to poet Kalidasa:

In the history of Indian literature, we found many poets

before Kalidasa and after Kalidasa but Kalidasa is unique.

a. Birth: Period & place :-

There is not reliable information about Kalidasa’s birth date &

birthplace. Most of thinkers agree that Kalidasa’s period is nearer to

fourth century. In his literature there is description of Ujjayini. So he

is called Ujjayini. Kalidasa is royal poet in Vikramaditya’s royal

assembly.



b. Study:-

History keeps silence to say about Kalidasa’s teacher or guide.

But many of history-contributor says that he had studied Vedas,

Puranas, smruties, Vyakarana, Astrology, poetics, linguistic, sexology

& etc.

c. Kalidasa’s literature:-

Poet Kalidasa created his literature in three forms:

1. Dramas, 2. Small-poems 3. Epics.

I. Dramas –

1. Vikramorvashiyam

2. Malkavikagnimitram

3. Abhijnan Shakuntalam.

II. Small poems –

1.Meghdootam

2. Rutusamharam

III. Epics –

1. Kumarsambhavam

2. Raghuvansham

d. Kalidasa’s style of poetry:-

Kalidasa used vaidarbhy style. Vaidarbhy

style prefers soft & beautiful words. He had given importance to

the resemblance & the sentiment of love. In summary we can

say that Kalidasa is a pride of India. His literature is pride to

Indian.



1.1.2 An Introduction to Raghuvansham:

In Sanskrit literature five epics are stated specially.

Raghuvansham is one of them. To introduce Raghuvansham we

have to focus on following points:

It gave Kalidasa another name-Raghukar.

Its number of canto is 19 & number of shloks is 1569.

Here from Dilip to Agnimitra, 19 kings are narrated.

Valmiki-Ramayana is the base of Raghuvansham.

Kalidasa’s art of poetry was come in mature form, here.

Dilip, Raghu, Aja, Dasharath & Ramaprabhu were more

& more obedient kings. So poet interested to narrate

them than other.

Kalidasa created Raghuvansham to reestablish ideals,

values for the kings & people.

1.1.3 Concept of Values:

When Values are finished, humanity is finished .Running

world is instrumental. In this world did a man forget the thought of living

Life? Man is a social Animal, but his sociality depends upon values.

Noticing this importance of values, thinkers studied the values.

Definitions:

1. NCERT:

Which is proper to ambition, proper to do efforts to achieve

called Values. (Values and School)



3. International Dictionary of Education, London:

Belief about what is desirable & undesirable, values reflect the

culture of society and if the individual accepts a value for him or

herself it may become goal.

4. Mrs. R. A . Kulkarni –

The moral values could be defined as the principles that

indicate mutual relation between man and while leading the life of

a citizens in society and also the principles which serve as basis for

social institution .

1.2 Statement of Problem

Values in Raghuvansham: A Critical Study

1.3 Key Words:

a. values :

The principles which make co-ordination among

person, society and the world and development is taken place, called

Values. Teacher Hand Book, MSCERT, Pune.

b. Raghuvansham:

Well-known epic was created by Kalidasa.

c. A Critical: Micro analytic Pragati Dictionary, Pragati publication,

pune

(Page-89)



d. Study: Pursuit of Knowledge Pragati Dictionary, Pragati

publication, pune

(Page-495)

1.4 Need & importance of Research

Education makes man. Man is a social animal. He follows

some social values in his life. If education gives him lessons of social

values, he will become socially developed person. So it is needed that

education has to touché every literature which reflects social values.

The developing world is growing very fast. Man has made

great achievements & miracles. The scientific & industrial revolution has

changed the basic way of life. The greed for development is leading

mankind towards the unknown end of the earth. There are few who wish

to enjoy all the material joys without any limit or end to there happiness

& all others are forced to live under privileged likes slaves or like animals

& suffer. They are not allowed for basic need.

There is answer for it in Vedas, Upanishads, Puranas, and

other Sanskrit literature. Values were studied very deeply by rishi , munis

and creators of the Vedas . The prayer of Rig-Veda, ishavasyam loudly

proclaim about respect and honor of values of all human being on the

earth. Sanskrit literature has not only studied the values, but it has given

importance to all creatures on the earth like animals, birds, trees. The

Vedas talk about equilibrium & balance between all . Every human being

has right to follow Dharma. This includes sanyama, shamma, Dama etc.

There are thousands of ruchas and shloks which clearly declare that mere

material happiness of few is not the real development. Living happily

together and sharing the resources equally is the way of real and eternal

development. Sarve Bhavantu sukhinah, sarve Bhavantu Niramaya is



the fundamental doctrine of Sanskrit literature . Let us live happily, Let

us help others, awaking others towards the enhancement of quality of life,

availing others the facilities to enjoy life are the ways of real development

as per Sanskrit literature. Social values in Sanskrit literature are not only

applicable today but have got enormous importance. We must deeply

study and understand this for every existence of mankind on this beautiful

earth.

In summery we can say that literature is the

mirror of the society. To know which in our ancient society social values

were accepted, we’ve to study our ancient literature. Sanskrit literature is

one of the ancient literatures in the world. Kalidasa is the greatest poet in

the world. He is known as Indian Shakespeare. So it is important to know

his devotion in the field of values.

1.5 Objectives of the Research

1. To study the reflection of values in Raghuvansham.

1.6 Scope of the Research

a.Values:

There are various types of values found. Here researcher studied some

selected values for the convenience of the study:

1.Generosity

2.Hospitality

3.Forgiveness

4.Group ness

5.Conscience

6.Servitude



7.Universal benevolence

8.Ideal customs

9.Modesty

10.Leadership

11.Love to nature

12.Hardworking

13.Appreciation of merits

14.Friendship

a. Raghuvansham:

We shall study only these values, which are reflected in

Raghuvansham out of whole literature created by Kalidasa.

1.7 Method of the Research

Researcher has chosen Bibliographical type of Historical Method for

his research.

1.9 Chapter-arrangement:-

The chapters of the research-report are arranged as:

II.. IInnttrroodduuccttiioonn

IIII.. RReevviieeww ooff CCoonncceerrnn RReesseeaarrcchh && LLiitteerraattuurree

IIIIII.. MMeetthhoodd ooff RReesseeaarrcchh

IIVV.. IInntteerrpprreettaattiioonn ooff CCoolllleecctteedd DDaattaa

VV.. SSuummmmeerryy,, RReessuullttss && RReeccoommmmeennddaattiioonnss



1.10 Sources of the Research:-

a. Primary source:

The book of Raghuvansham is the primary source.

b. Secondary source:

Some of critical books, articles on Raghuvansham are secondary source.

1.11 Statistical Analysis:

Researcher made a graph of quantity of reflection of

values in Raghuvansham. Through the graph, preference of values was

described.

****



Chapter II

ll Review of concern research & literature ll

2.1 Introduction:-

To develop Researcher’s attitude & ability of

research Review of concern research & literature is very important . It is

also useful to understand scope, nature & field of the research. So,

Review of concern research & literature is presented here.

2.2 Review of concern Literature:-

a] Articles:-

T.N. Dharmadhikari- {2008} ‘Sanskrit for global perspective’,

International Sanskrit conference, Sangamner.

Sanskrit language is richly developed by the broad Indian minds in

respect of global of even Universal perspectives. These are reflected in

Vedas, Puranas & poetry.

Ancient Vedic Rishis had dreamed not only global perspective but

also they had inspired a broader vision of Universal perspective which

nourishes the noble qualities of mind tending to accept the Universal

brotherhood.

In conclusion it is beneficial to study Sanskrit literature in broader

global & Universal perspective.

Sanjeevani.S.Nerkar- {2008} ‘Relevancy of Shrimad-Bhagwat-Geeta in

social perspective’, International Sanskrit conference, Sangamner.

It is said by Swami Vivekananda, “Geeta is the ultimate solution of each

problem of society.”.



Here we are going to see solution in Bhagwat-Geeta

for following social problem:

1. Weakness, 2.helplessness, 3.inequality, 4.conflict, 5.poverty,

6.inefficiency

In conclusion it is beneficial to study Shrimad-Bhagwat-Geeta in broader

social perspective.

S.Kshirsagar- {2007} ‘Human rights & Sanskrit literature’,

International Sanskrit conference, Nagpur.

There is answer for human rights in Vedas, Upanishads, Puranas &

other Sanskrit literature. Human rights were studied very deeply by

Rishis, Munis & the creators of Vedas. The player of ‘Rig-Veda

ishavasyam idam sarvam’ loudly proclaim about respect & honor of

human rights of all human being on the earth. Sanskrit literature has not

only studied the rights of human being, but it has given importance to all

creatures on the earth like animals, birds, trees. Vedas talk about

equilibrium & balance between all. Every human being has right to live

dharma. This includes Sanyama, Shama, dama, etc.

Dr. Shailaja M. Ranade- {2007} “Individual and Social Sense in

Rudradhyaya,” International Sanskrit conference, Nagpur.

1. General information about Rudradhyaya –

The present Rudra-samhita is in Yajurveda. Rudra-sukta belongs to

fifth chapter of Krishna – Yajurveda . Later it was included in

Sukla Yajurveda. Various names of Rudradhyaya - Rudra sukta, Rudra,

shata Rudriya . Various Rishi of Rudra- Kashpa, Atri, Gautam,

Kanva, Shambhu etc.

2. Importance of Rudradhyaya – Where Rudradhayi stand there

poverty, Diseases are not come there.



3. The personality of Rudra & philosophy behind it.

4. Rudra is a chain between human and nature.

5. Two parts of Rudra – Namak & Chamak.

6. Social picture in Namak.- Chatur-varnaya system, castes & tribes,

Trades & business-men nature of social system , Four Ashrama

7. Individual picture in Chamak – Primary necessities- Food,

Clothing & Shelter.Three-fold calamities- Adhyatmik, Adhidaivic,

Adhibhoutik are Means of happy life- Health, prosperity, complacency

8. Sacrifice & material of Sacrifice

9. Rudra and Panch-Mahabhuta

10. Huge and expended nature of Rudra .

In Rudradhyaya, we get significant concepts as: Vyashti, Samashti,

Shrushti and parameshti, Individual, social, natual & Brahman.

C.D.Sonpethkar - {2007} “Vedic Moral Values & Today’s Situation,”

Prachyavidya,Sanskrit Samvardhan Mandal, Sangamner college,

Sangamner.

In this title the author described that in Vedas we can find some moral

values in over looking. These are as:

1. Conscience

2. Non violence

3. Peace

4. Welfare

5. Truth

6. Fame

7. Each-Respect

8. Donation

9. Nation

10. Friendship



In conclusion, the author had described Vedic values & their

relevancy in modern society. These values are today also relevant.

(Translated)

Miss. Fayyazunnisa Siddiqui - {2001}“Oliver Twist – A Social Novel,”

Asmita, Netaji Subhashchandra Bose college, Nanded.Oliver Twist is a

novel written by Charles Dickens.Charles Dickens is one of the

immortals of the English fiction. He is essentially the novelist of

London-life.

Oliver Twist had given a warning to the society which does not care

of its unfortunate children who suffer & face the dismal problems.

However, Dickens undoubtedly seems a man full of love for the

humanity. It is a laudable thing to criticize in the mid of 19th century. We

see intense rush of social criticism in Oliver Twist.

It can be said that Dicken’s social criticism is essentially moral criticism.

Miss. Mohini Kondawar - {2001} “Morel Values in Abhijnan Shakuntal

,” M.A. Project- work (unpublished title), Netaji Subhashchandra Bose

college, Nanded.

In this P.G.Level project work, Miss. Kondawar had focused following

types of moral values reflected in Abhijnan Shakuntal.

1. Social value

2. cultural value

3. Natural value

4. Political value

5. Aesthetic value

6. Personal value



In conclusion, Miss. Kondawar said that the poet Kalidasa taught

moral values through these dramas.

(Translated)

S.K.Deodhar / P.N.Joshi - {1985}“ Domestic-Awakening “Ved-Purane

Ani Samalochan,” Prasad Publication, Pune.

In this article the author described Vedic thoughts for living style

with classification. In short we can indicate as:

(1) Rugveda-

a. We may pray the sun daily for our diet management.

b. There is no welfare without hardworking.

(2) Yajurveda-

a.To satisfy everyone is a yajna.

b.The plants are alive.

As thus Mr.P.N.Joshi had presented a bunch of Vedic thoughts for

living style with classification.

(Translated)

S.K.Deodhar / P. N. Joshi - {1985}“Puranas in present situation”“Ved-

Purane Ani Samalochan,” Prasad Publication, Pune.

In this article the author described various thoughts on Puranas; like:

a) our view

b) Objections on Puranas

c) Do’s & Don’t’s in Puranas

d) Thought of cast in Puranas

e) physical sciences in Puranas

f) what may we do about old parents

g) Ideal for deeds.



As thus Mr. S.K.Deodhar had presented a bunch of his views on

Puranas.

(Translated)

Dr.K.R.Joshi - {2001} “The consideration of principles of morality”

“Shastratridalam,” Vishva-Bharati Publication, Nagpur.

In this article the author described various thoughts on moral

system and focused on following points:

a) Social construction

b) Characteristics of Religion

c) General concept of Religion

d) Concept of Humanity.

e) Comparison between Religious & Moral duties

f) Compulsion of Moral duties

As thus Dr.K.R.Joshi presented various views on the principles of

morality.

(Translated)

Pt. Shrivishnudatta R. Dube - {2008}“Virtuous conduct is a mean of

human welfare ,” Kalyan-monthly, Geeta press, Gorakhpur.

Our nation is spiritual. Virtues is nothing but Indian life. In Hindu

culture virtues are stable with man always.

A thing motivated by Vedas is virtue. In this article the author

described following points:

a) Definition of virtue

b) Characteristics of virtue

c) Some of virtues

d) Benefits of Virtuous conduct

e) Demerits of Virtuous conduct

In the end Pt. Shrivishnudatta R. Dube advised to go with virtue.

Though it is the path of hardness, it is the path going to temple of our



welfare.

(Translated)

2.2 Review of concern Literature

b]Books:-

Rajendrakumar Dhavan - {2000} “Amrit-Bindu,” Geeta press,

Gorakhpur.

In this book Rajendrakumar Dhavan presented a collection of Shri swami

Ramsukhadasji Maharaja’s 1000 suggestive thoughts on various topics;

like:

a) Pride

b) Objectives

c) Progress

d) Duties

e) Welfare

f) Teacher & Learner

g) God & his worship

Thus Rajendrakumar Dhavan presented Swamiji’s virtuous

thoughts.

Rajendrakumar Dhavan - {2000} “Kya kare, Kya na kare?” Geeta

press, Gorakhpur.

In this book Rajendrakumar Dhavan presented suggestive thoughts

of Smritis, Puranas, Dharmsootra, Gruhyasootra, Upanishadas,

Mahakavyas & other Sanskrit literature on various topics; like:

a) Virtuous conduct

b) Sleeping

c) Bath

d) Duties as time

e) Donation



f) Lunch

g) Our behavior with river, water, fire, elders, friends.

Thus Rajendrakumar Dhavan presented thoughts in Sanskrit

literature in the form of Do’s & Don’ts.

Chakrawarti Rajgopalacharya – 4th ed’n {2001} “Bhagwatgeeta-

Hindu Dharma ke Sidhant aur Anushasan ka saral vivechan,” Sasta

Sahitya Mandal Publication, New Delhi.

In this book reflection of various theories of Hindu-philosophy in

Bhagwatgeeta is presented by the author. Following points are focused

here:

a) spirit

b) deeds

c) The God & Nature

d) meditation

e) Optimism

f) Universality of the world

g) Adwait philosophy in Bhagwatgeeta

h) The Lord’s appearance

As above Chakrawartiji described various theories of Hindu-

philosophy come in Bhagwatgeeta.

Ramgopala– {2001} “Jnandeepti:” Sanskar Bharati Publication, New

Delhi.

This is a Sanskrit-book. In this book the author had written some

paragraphs on some of subjects. The structure of the book is like a bunch

of articles. Totally forty eight subjects are given here. Some of them are:

a) How can we get satisfaction?

b) The Nation is our Home.



c) Progress

d) Utilization of time.

e) Controlling

f) The secret of success.

g) Style of conversation

h) Our Responsibilities

The book is written to know everybody about his rights & duties

with society. The book has significant thoughts, opinions which are

useful in the process of socialization.

Mangaldeo shastri – 3rd ed’n {2002} “Subhashit-saptashati,” Sasta


Subhashitas are the life of any literature. In Sanskrit, it is said that there

are three ornaments of the earth i.e. water, food & Subhashitas. In this

collection of Subhashitas, there are 700 Subhashitas given with their

meaning & subject. The book has three main chapters & thirteen sub-

chapters. Quotations from Vedas, Upanishads, Arsh-epics, Boudh-

literature, ethics, Dramas, Stories are presented in the sequence of period.

Swami Vivekananda – 6th ed’n {1991} “Practical Vedanta,”

Ramkrishna Math Publication, Nagpur.

Swami Vivekananda delivered lectures on Practical Vedanta at

London (10/11/1896 to 18/11/1896). These lectures are published in the

form of book Practical Vedanta.Here,Swami Vivekananda explained

practicability of Vedanta philosophy in daily life.



According to him,

“If any principle has not practicability, it has value as a intellectual

magic just. It is possible to follow Vedanta in our real life. It may be also

possible to follow in each field of life.” Through some of stories coming

in Upanishads, swamiji described the principles of Vedanta & their

practicability in practical life.

As such the relationship between Vedanta & real life is described.

Swami Vivekananda – 5th ed’n {1986} Hindudharmache punarutthan,”

Ramakrishna-Math-Publication, Nagpur.

When Swami Vivekananda went to the America and won

American’s heart through his lectures on Hindu-philosophy, in Madras a

congress was arranged to congratulate Swami Vivekananda. The congress

sent congratulation-letter to him. In the answer of the letter Swami

Vivekananda wrote & sent a composition named Hindudharmache

punarutthan.

In the composition which is today found in the form of the book

Swami Vivekananda analyzed not only ancient & modern Indian sciences

but also a real nature of Hindu-culture. Also he appealed youth to

globalize Hindu-culture.

Pramod Mane, {1988} “Lokrajya-Kalidas special issue,” Information &

public relation Directorate, Mumbai.

In the special issue of Lokrajya on Kalidasa, Kalidasa & his style of

literature are focused. Well-known scholars of the Sanskrit literature

wrote articles on it. To know structure of the book, we’ve to highlight on

the subjects of the articles. The subjects are as:



Article Author

Kalidasa Dr. S.N.Gajendragadkar

Kalidasa: Pride of India Dr. Manohar Rokade

Kalidasa & his Meghadoota Prof. M.S. Babgaonkar

Women in Kalidasa’s poetry Dr. M.D. Paradkar

Kalidasa: a scholar of painting Dr. V.B. Kolate

Kalidasa: Unique Dramaturgiest Prof. Ram Shevalkar

Kalidasa’s Dramaturgy Dr. Madhukar Ashtikar

Why did Kalidasa create

Shakuntal?

Prof. M. v. Mahashabde

Table No. 2

As mentioned above, the special issue is able to introduce poet

Kalidasa to general & special reader.

K .N. Vatwe, {1983} “Sanskrit Mahakavyache Panchapran,” Prasad

Publication, Pune.

This is the critic book on Sanskrit epics. In Sanskrit literature there

are five epics of which the base is Ramayana or Mahabharata is

significant. These are as:

1. Raghuvansham

2. Kumarsambhavam

3. Kiratarjuniyam

4. Shishupalvadha

5. Naishadhiyacharitam

Mr. Vatwe described here nature, storyline, suggestive thoughts of the

epics & their poet’s life-stanza, style etc.



Dr. Ravindra Mule, {1983} “Ved-darshan,” Shri saint Dnyaneshwar

publication, Aurangabad .

Now man reaches to the top of physical development. A base for

this man is spiritual thoughts. Vedas are basic source of spiritual

thoughts because of this Vedas are important in Human culture.

Upanishads are the part of knowledge in Vedic literature.

So the book Vedadarshan is very helpful. Vedas are sources of

knowledge. For primary introduction of the Vedas this book is useful

certainly.

Four parts of the Vedas are Samhita, Brahmin, Aranyak,

Upanishad. Some parts of them are explained in this book as need.

This book is divided in five parts:

1. Introduction 2. The shloks & suktas of Rugved, Yajurved, Atharvaved

3.Explanation of some of Upanishad-thoughts. 4. Explanation of some of

Vedic-thoughts. 5. Explanation of Rug-Vedic suktas which are included

in college curriculum.

Article named as “Shanti Mantras in Upanishads” is presented in

appendix. Shanti Mantras give us message of world- harmony.

In the end we can say that the book focuses the Vedic thoughts &

their today’s relevancy on the desk of global society.

Chaya Roy, {1998} “Naitik Chintano Ke Vividh Ayam,” Pratibha

publication, Delhi.

In this book Chaya Roy presented some of views on values. She

focused on following points:

a) Concept of value

b) Types of value

c) Various types of classification of value



According to the book, there is no an unique method to classify

values. But after thinking from various sides we can say that values

can be classified as social, political, moral, personal, economical,

aesthetic etc.

*****



Chapter III

ll Method of Research ll

3.1 Introduction:

Curiosity is one of the significant reasons of human

development. Curiosity makes understanding & solving of problem.

Needs & problems are the drivers of the bus of human development. To

solve problems a man used various ways, systems & methods. He tried

more & more. In the result, scientific method was raised. While problem-

solving fields of knowledge have become broader.

Some time we see the nature of solution of

problem is full of knowledge or not different from knowledge.

The purposes of research are:

*To achieve new knowledge.

*To make new attitude.

* To make proper environment for human development.

3.2 Concept of research:

Raid man says that Systematic effort to achieve new

knowledge is called as research.

3.3.1 Concept of Educational research:

‘Educational research aims to make contributions

towards the solution of problems in the field of education by the scientific

philosophical method;’ said by F.L.Whitney



3.4.1 Selection of the topic:

The researcher has completed his M.A. in Sanskrit. He had learnt

Kalidasa’s various creations in his degree level and post degree level

education. So he interested to bring Sanskrit and Education together in his

research. The researcher had submitted list of ten subjects for research to

his guide. The guide confirmed the topic as ‘Values in Raghuvansham:

A Critical Study.’

3.4.2 Submission of the synopsis:

The researcher has made synopsis and submit it to guide. He made

changes in the nature of the research as per suggestions given by the

guide.

3.4.3 Collection of the books or study-material:

The researcher collected the book of Raghuvansham (An epic of

Kalidasa). He also collected books on Sanskrit Poetry and Values or

Value- Education.

3.4.4 First Reading:

The researcher has completed his first reading of the epic

Raghuvansham some of books on Value or Value education. He also

overlooked various critical books on Sanskrit poetry.

3.4.5 Selection of values:

The researcher studied Mr. Santosh Mulavkar’s book on Value-

education. (eeqqGGkkooddjj llaarrkkss””kk oo eeqqGGkkooddjj ddYYiiuukk && 22000055 eewwYY;;ff’’kk{{kk..kkkkrrhhyy llqqllaaookknn

ffoonn~~;;kk iizzddkk’’kkuu]] uukkxxiiwwjj)) IInn tthhiiss bbooookk AAuutthhoorrss hhaavvee ggiivveenn lliisstt ooff vvaalluueess

ppuubblliisshheedd bbyy NNCCEERRTT on the occasion of Moral Education Conference,



Simala (1979). It has classification of 84 values. The researcher selected

14 values among them after overlooking the epic Raghuvansham.

3.4.6 Content analysis:

The researcher prepared a schedule for content analysis. It has five

columns which are mentioning Type of Value, Sr. No. of narration in the

epic, Canto No. of the epic and Stanza No. of the canto. This is as:

Value Sr.

no.

Narration Canto

no.

Stanza

no.

3.4.7 Statistical analysis:

After collecting the data with the help of the schedule, the

researcher made graphs with fulfilling data in excel. He made two graphs.

One is showing Amount of Values where another is showing Amount

of Canto wise reflection of Values.

3.4.8 Results and Recommendations:

The researcher studied Content and Statistical analysis. After that

he came to results. He put recommendation with support of his study.

3.4.9 Report writing and typing:

After completing above mentioned activities the researcher has

written and typed the report according to the synopsis. He made five

chapters.



Chapter IV

ll Interpretation of collected data ll

4.1 Introduction:

In this chapter after collecting the data from primary

and secondary sources, interpretation of collected data according to

objectives was given.

4.2 Interpretation of collected data:

Objective of the Research is: -

1. To study the reflection of values in Raghuuvansham.

After the study in respect to the objective the researcher got that the

reflection of Values in Raghuuvansham is as follows.

4.2.1. Generosity:-

Introduction:-

Generosity means liberality or munificence. An emotion of giving

something to another easily is called as Generosity.

Here we are going to study the reflection of

Generosity in Kalidasa’s Raghuvansham.



Value Sr.

no.

Narration Canto no. Stanza

no.

Generosity

1 The villager-women discus always about

the king Raghu’s Generosity.

4 20

2 The king Raghu won Mahendranath, the king

of kaling and quit him. He didn’t take

possession on the kingdom.

4 43

3 Raghu performed yag named vishvjeet. He

donated all what he had own like a cloud.

4 86

4 After the greatest donation Raghu had only

clay-pot.

5 2

5 Kautsa appreciated Raghu for his nature of

donation. He said that Raghu’s poverty was

so great because it had come from donation.

5 15]16 17

6 Aja the new king of Ayodhya thought about

himself that he was one of common people or

ministers. It was people’s greatness that they

saw something more in him. And so they

called him as king.

8 8

7 There was similarity bet’n Indra,the king of

lords & Dasharath the king of Ayodhya. Indra

gives water to public to make them happy.

Dasharath gives wealth to make them happy.

9 3

8 If any one asks life , he was given up it by

Raghu’s descendent kings .

11 2

9 Ram accepted father’s order to become

king with misery due to father’s sacrifice.

But he followed father’s order to go to

forest happily due to Bharat’s kingship.

12 7

Table No. 3



4.2.2. Hospitality:-

Introduction:-

Hospitality means respectfully treatment for guests specially. An

emotion of giving something to the guest as the token of respect is

called as Hospitality.


Hospitality in Kalidasa’s Raghuvansham

Value Sr.n

o.


no.

Hospitality 1 The Sages performed worship for king Dilip

& his wife Sudakshina who were their guest.

1 55

2 If any one doesn’t perform honorable’s

worship, he will face obstacles in his path of

welfare.

1 79

3 Bhoj, the king of vidarbha as hospitalized

Aja, the king of Ayodhya as the people could

not determine who is guest & who is host.

5 61-62

4 Rama was known for his Hospitality. 12 25

5 Sharabhang , a sage was hospitalizing guests

fruits of the trees which are like their sons.

13 46

6 Shatrughna, tired due to journey was

awarded through giving special goods by

the sage Valmiki.

15 12

Table No4



4.2.3. Forgiveness:-

Introduction:

Forgiveness means pardon. This word is nearer to the word, tolerance

or patience.

Here we are going to study the reflection of Forgiveness in

Kalidasa’s Raghuvansham.

Value Sr.

no.


no.

Forgiveness 1 Though King Dilip has the super force , he

forgives . Really things which are opposite

from each other live together in Dilip’s

pertsonality.

1 22

2 King Raghu wars for truth. He caught

Mahendranath, the king of Kaling and

released also.

4 43

3 Defeated kings saluted Raghu because they

knew after salute the great persons forgive.

4 64

4 The great persons have nature of

forgiveness.

5 54

Table No. 5



4.2.4 Group- Spirit:-

Introduction:

Group-ness means pardon. This word is nearer to the word,

grouping. An emotion of living together to reach some same objects is

called as Groupness.

Here we are going to study the reflection of Group

ness in Kalidasa’s Raghuvansham.

Value Sr.n

o.


no.

Group-ness 1 Raghu enters in the river of literature like a

group of alligators after completing education

of alphabets with the minister’s sons of the

same age.

3 28

2 Aja wishes to become unconquered and he

meets to his ministers who are experts in

politics. Raghu wants moksha, so he meets to

philosopher-sages.

8 17

3 The king Dasharath has central power on 12

kings-council. He is like the fire for enemies

& like the moon for friends.

9 15

4 The gods Praised Bhagwan Vishnu that

sankhya,mimansa, dwait, Vedanta, etc are

only ways to come towards you as various

rivers entire in the sea.

10 26

5 Rama,Laxmana,Shatrughna & Bharat

have mutual-understanding. And it is the

best for the kingdom.

10 80

Table No. 6



4.2.5. Conscience:-

Introduction:

Conscience means consideration of what is fit to be done and what

is not. This word is nearer to the word, contemplation of the pros &

cons.

Here we are going to study the reflection of Conscience in

Kalidasa’s Raghuvansham:



Value Sr.

no.


no.

Conscience 1 The lion says to Dilip,“ Think about Does &

Don’ts.”

2 47

2 The king says to the lion, “it is justice that I’m

doing free Nandini from you giving my body

to eat.

2 55

3 Teachers felt success while teaching Raghu.

Because Raghu was an able student. Teaching

process is succeed when an able student is

there..

3 29

4 Aja seated on the chair of king to judge

people.

8 18]19

5 The king Dasharatha gave development to his

friend- kings and destruction to his enemy-

kings.

9 9

6 Though Ramaprabhu, elder brother was

leaving, Bharata had to accept kingsheep. He

felt sorrow about it.

12 16

7 Though Ramaprabhu was gentleman , he did

not forgive Dushan, a cruel demon.

Gentlemen don’t forgive themselves when

bad men told them their wrongs.

12 46

8 Ramaprabhu promised Bibhishan that the

kingdom of demon would be given to him.

It is the part of Ramaprabhu’s policy. Here

Ramaprabhu make decision fast through

Conscience.

12 69

Table No. 7



4.2.6. Servitude:-

Introduction:

Servitude means attitude of service or homage. This word is

nearer to the word, The duties & obligations related to service.

Here we are going to study the reflection of Servitude in Kalidasa’s

Raghuvansham:

Value Sr.n

o.


no.

Servi- tude 1 Vasishtha, the sage advised king Dilip to

serve Nandini (holy cow) till she delighted on

him.

1 91

2 King Dilip accepted the vow to serve Nandini

(holy cow) .

2 4

3 After seeing Dilip’s Servitude the wind also

serve the king eagerfully.

2 13

4 Though king Aja got victory on the earth, he

didn’t use for enjoyment ,he served the earth.

8 7

5 The king Dasharatha served people using

his complete powers.

9 18

Table No. 8



4.2.7. Universal Benevolence:-

Introduction:

Universal Benevolence means compassion towards all beings.

This word is nearer to the kindness or harmony for all beings.

Here we are going to study the reflection of Universal

Benevolence in Kalidasa’s Raghuvansham:

Value Sr.

no.


no.

Universal

benevolence

1 The sage-wives were affecting

Deers like their sons.

1 50

2 The lion says to king Dilip , “how is your

Universal benevolence!”

2 48

3 The king Dilip was coming kind while

watching Nandini’s frightened eyes.

2 52

4 The king Raghu inquired with

affection about little deers in ashram to

Kautsa.

5 07

5 The king Raghu inquired with

affection about cows, buffalos and other

animals to Kautsa.

5 09

6 The king Aja knew that an elephant who

living in forest would not be killed by the

king. So he tried to run away with elephant.

5 50

7 King Dasharath kindly returned his arrows

after seeing doe’s love to her husband.

9 57-58

Table No. 9



4.2.8. Ideal-Customs:-

Introduction:

The word Ideal-Custom is made from two words; one is Ideal

& another is custom. Ideal means paragon. And custom means

tradition, convention.

Here we are going to study the reflection of Ideal-Customs in


Value Sr.

no.


no.

Ideal

customs

1 People followed King Dilip like a teacher.

King Dilip also went ahead as Manu told.

1 17

2 The study of Vedic knowledge makes

human being happy.

1 63

3 The king Dilip says, “ A king must protect

people from destruction.”

2 53

4 The sage Vasishtha sang mantras to say of

king Dilip & Sudaxina.

2 70]71

5 The king Dilip performed various religious

worships while Sudaxina was pregnant.

3 10

6 Directors of vedic-path don’t go on the path

of sin.

3 45]46

7 The king Dilip went on the custom of their

family. He handed over king-sheep to

Raghu & went to vanprasthashram with

Sudaxina.

3 70



8 Raghu acts as shastras told. 4 13

9 The kings who born in Raghu’s family,

always kept their faith in worthy of respect.

5 14

10 The king Aja usually performed good

deeds.

5 76

11 At the time of marriage, Aja & Indumati

were got blessings serially.

7 28

12 The kings born in the Sun’s generation

don’t live in Gruhasthashram when their

sons become able to govern.

7 71

13 Aja accepted the king-sheep as father’s

order. He had not greed.

8 2

14 The king has become free from parent’s,

guide’s & divine loans.

8 30

15 though Raghu was governing he was

spoking Trouth & sweet always.

9 8

16 Dasharath had performed various type of

yagas without the emotion of jealousy &

arrogance.

9 20

17 Rama & Laxmana were following father's

orders.

11 4

18 Rama followed father's order to go to the

forest giving up the king-sheep.

12 9

19 Ramaprabhu awarded the sages who had

come to congratulate him at the time of

Coronation.

14 18

Table No. 10



4.2.9. Modesty:-

Introduction:

The word Modesty indicates the meaning of humility. This

word is nearer to submissiveness.

Here we are going to study the reflection of Modesty in


Value Sr.

no.


no.

Modesty 1 Kalidasa says in the beginning, “Where is

the Sun’s descendent & where is my narrow

intelligence! So it is not easy for me to

narrate the kings born in the Sun’s family.”

1 2

2 King Dilip & queen Sudaxina

Became very modest & follow the sage

Vasishtha’s advice.

1 92

3 After seeing Prince Raghu saluted elders

usually as taught him, king Dilip became

very happy.

3 25

4 Though Raghu won his father in the case of

physically Strong-ness,he didn’t quit

modesty.

3 36

5 Raghu destroyed the kings who were not

obedient. So the kings of suhm-region

accept to become obedient before Raghu.

4 35

6 Defeated king of the kausal came to Raghu

to dedicate him various type of wealth. But

pride was not appeared in Raghu’s mind.

4 70



7 Priyamvada regretted that he was cursed

due to his arrogance by Matanga, a sage.

5 53

8 Aja & modesty were appeared beautiful due

to each other.

8 6

9 Though the Dasharath had got victory on

the hole earth, he salute before Indra, the

king of the gods.

9 22

10 The lord Vishnu is served by governed,

learned & obedient eagle.

10 13

11 Sumitra includes knowledge & modesty in

her son’s education.

10 70]71

12 Ramaprabhu appeared beautiful due to

education of modesty.

10 79

13 While narrating Laxamana’s obedience,

poet Kalidasa gave a massage that senior’s

command may be followed without

questioning.

14 46

14 Though Shatrughna was the great

empire, his saluting head was appeared

beautiful after he appreciated by the

sages.

15 27

Table No. 11



4.2.10. Leadership:-

Introduction:

The word Leadership indicates the meaning of a quality of leading.

The poet Kalidasa pasteurized his ideal king in his literature. The epic

Raghuvansham is not exceptional for this. So according to him what is

the nature, scope & duties of the leader kalidasa narrated here. So we

are going to study the reflection of Leadership in Kalidasa’s

Raghuvansham:

Value Sr.

no.

Narration Canto

no.

Stanza

no.

Leader-ship 1 Devoted personalities born for welfare of

the people.

3 14

2 Raghu had attractive physical appearance.

His hands are so longer. His chest is

broad.

3 34

3 Raghu’s leadership was so great that he

dominated his enemies.

4 4

4 Raghu gave punishment as offence

correctly & he won the hearts of the

people.

4 8

5 The word Raja(synonym to King) means a

person who affects to public.

4 12

6 As the sun-rising destroys darkness , king

may destroys problems of the public.

5 13

7 The king Raghu was lustrous as the moon,

away from sins, alone leader of the world.

5 23



8 A patron of weak, very strong, wise to

please public, great empire these are the

most significant qualities of the king.

6 21]22]23

9 The king Kartivirya usually diverted

public from wrong.

6 39

10 From the stage of education, Aja was

governing.

6 78

11 The king Aja governed as hard as other

kings accepted his leadership & he treated

them as soft as they were not terminated

from their kingship.

8 9

12 The king Dasharath had patience &

bravery.

9 1

1

3

The king Dasharath donated wealyh like

Kuber, punished cruel like Yama &

Varuna, appeared lustrous like the sun.

though he was trying for development, he

didn’t have bad habits.

9 6-7

14 Number of kings saluted to Dasharath.

They felt him as Indra, the devine king.

9 13

15 The king Dasharath was expert in hourse-

riding, archery & etc.

9 50

16 When the king is having best qualities like

the god , health & development come

there naturally.

10 72

17 Rama,Laxamana,Bharata & Shatrughna

attracted the heart of the public through

their good qualities.

10 83

18 Leadership does not expect age. 11 01



19 By discussion of Ramaprabhu’s

development the public was pleased.

12 3

20 Leader should know the significance of

timing in policy-decision-process.

12 69

21 King should the home of virtues like

Ramaprabhu.

14 15

22 Public was lord due to Ramaprabhu’s

nature of donation. Ramaprabhu destroyed

their calamities, so they were dutiful.

Ramaprabhu taught modesty to them like

their father. Ramaprabhu destroyed their

miseries like their son.

14 21-23

23 The king Rama was having qualities

which are greatness in orating, holy

character, physically strong ness & victory

on brave-enemies.

14 31

24 Rama gave responsibility on

Shatrughna who was suitable person to

kill the demon named Lavanasur.

15 4-6

Table No. 12



4.2.11. Love to Nature:-

Introduction:

The word Love to Nature is made from three words; two of them

are love & Nature. Love means affection. And Nature means all over

the world including trees, plants & etc.


Love to Nature in Kalidasa’s Raghuvansham:

Value Sr.n

o.


no.

Love to

nature

1 King Dilip & his wife Sudaxina were going

with enjoying the wind which was joyful &

having fragrance. At that time they also

enjoyed peacock’s tune of shadj.

1 38-39

2 King Dilip & his wife Sudaxina 1 41-43

3 King Dilip & his wife Sudaxina asked the

names of trees come in their path to the old

villagers.

1 45

4 The king Raghu asks Kautsa about trees,

ponds, little Deers kindly.

5 6-8

5 Ramaprabhu enjoyed the shadow of the

tree.

5 12

Table No. 13



4.2.12. Hardworking:-

Introduction:

The word Hardworking is made from two words; they are Hard

& Work. Though dictionary says, Hard means difficult.we used here

this word for more efforts. And work means effort.

Here we are going to study the reflection of Hardworking in

Kalidasa’s Raghuvansham.

Value Sr.n

o.


no.

Hardworking 1 Dilip had done efforts to serve Nandini. 2 6

2 Though Raghu fall down & injured due to

Indras attack of the vajra , he stood up within

fraction.

3 61

3 When Raghu had not wealth to donate, he

prepared to attack on Kuber, divine treasurer.

5 28

4 Aja was applying packs after their merits &

demerits were studied. He didn’t quit the

work until it was not succeed.

8 21-22

5 Dasharath defeated enemies through his own

hard-working. He didn’t expect from his

force.

9 10

6 Ramaprabhu & Laxamana are enough to

kill the demons.

11 6,7

Table No. 14



4.2.13. Appreciation of merits:-

Introduction:

The word Appreciation of merits is made from three words;

two of them are Appreciation & merits. Appreciation means

acceptance with regards. And merit means quality.

Here we are going to study the reflection of Appreciation of

merits in Kalidasa’s Raghuvansham:

Value Sr.n

o.


no.

Appreciation

of merits

1 Indra , divine king appreciated Raghu that he

was the onlyone who could tolerate the attack

of Vajra done by him.

3 63

2 In the world, person likes which thing is

beautiful for him.

6 30

3 Indumati stood before Aja & didn’t go

further. As the line of black bees does not go

further when it reaches to a mango-tree.

6 69

4 People pleased to see Aja & Indumati had

come together. Because this is the

combination of two persons having same

qualities.

6 85

5 Aja & Indumati were made for each other.

Their pair is so quiet. Really, by using self-

selection method a girl can select husband on

the base of merits.

7 13-14



6 Heart knows company of another birth & its

merits.

7 15

7 Aja’s qualities were useful for him to do

welfare of people. His strength protected

people from the fear of misery.

8 31

8 King Dasharath as governed as public reached

to a status having some qualities.

9 2

9 King Dasharath’s wealth developed due to his

morel qualities.

9 27

10 By having some of the best qualities

Dasharath became like the chairman of four

directions.

10 85

11 The sages were escaped from demon’s suffer

by Ramprabhu & Laxmana. So the sages

congratulated them first & then they

performed yagas.

11 30

12 The lord Parashurama appreciated to Rama, “

you’ve donated the earth to able. So my

defeat done by you is also appreciable.

11 86

13 Ramaprabhu was knowing about the

qualities.

13 1

Table No. 15



4.2.14. Friendship:-

Introduction:

The word Friendship indicates the relationship among friends. An

unknown poet says, “ Friendship is nothing but sharing & caring.” The

poet Kalidasa said his ideals of Friendship in Raghuvansham. The

collection of his thoughts on Friendship is as:

Value Sr.

no.


no.

Friend-ship 1 Friendship is the fruit of just talking. 2 58

2 Friendship permit to attack on the friend if it

is best for his ife or future.

5 58

3 Dasharath helped Indra at the time of war.

And then they enjoyed their victory together.

9 19

4 The loan of friendship is paid by dedicating

lives.

12 54

5 Friendship is grows when friends co-

operate each other like Ramprabhu &

Sugreev.

12 57

Table No. 16



4.3 Graphical Analysis:

Graph 1. :- Amount of Values:

The graph given above indicates amount of values reflected. Here, it can

be seen that the value of leadership is reflected more times than any

other values. It is reflected twenty four times. And the value of

Forgiveness is reflected minimum times. It is reflected four times only.

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Series1



Graph 2. :- Amount of Canto wise reflection of Values:

The graph given above indicates Canto wise amount of value-reflection.

Here, it can be seen that the Canto no. fifth reflects maximum values

than any other Canto. It reflects twenty six values. And in the cantos

numbered 17, 18, 19 there is null reflection of values which are taken to

study.

*****

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

FriendshipAppreciatHa.workNatureLeadershpModestyIdeal custUni.ben.servitudeConsciencGroupForgiveHospitalityGenerosity



Chapter fifth

ll SSuummmmeerryy,, RReessuullttss && RReeccoommmmeennddaattiioonnss ll

5.1 Introduction :

Sanskrit literature is so varied & all in compassing that everything

under the sun finds place in Sanskrit literature.

National integrity in all its aspects in India can be achieved through

Sanskrit literature effectively. Not only east but west also respects

Sanskrit literature. William Jone, a great Sanskrit-Scholar who

introduced the sweetness & greatness to the western people and said,

“Sanskrit has been the breath of India, without which the very identity &

ethos of this country would be faceless.”

Sanskrit literature touches every section of thought of human being. In

Sanskrit literature, we find thoughts on Actual sciences like physics,

chemistry Social sciences like Economics, politics, psychology,

Sociology, Philosophy & ethics also. Sanskrit literature is found in the

form of prose & poetry.

5.2 Results :

Objective I:-

1. To study the reflection of values in Raghuuvansham.

Results :-

a. In Raghuuvansham following values are reflected thickly:

1.Generosity

2.Hospitality

3.Forgiveness



4.Group ness

5.Conscience

6.Servitude

7.Universal benevolence

8.Ideal customs

9.Modesty

10.Leadership

11.Love to nature

12.Hardworking

13.Appreciation of merits

14.Friendship

b. Among them Kalidasa, the poet who had created epic-Raghuvansham

gave preference to value of Leadership.

c. Poet kalidasa created epic-Raghuvansham for not only purpose of

fame but also he wanted to pay at attention to some of values.

d. Epic-Raghuvansham is a mirror of ancient society.

e. In 19 cantos there are 1569 stanzas. Among them 130 stanzas reflect

various type of the values.

f. Values are specially reflected where Dilip, Raghu, Aja, Dasharath &

Ramaprabhu are narrated. 15 cantos were spend for them by poet. Among

130 stanzas reflecting various type of values 129 stanzas come in these 15

cantos.



g. According to Bharat muni’s Natyashastra {I-109-124} the functions

of poetry are :

1. It gives knowledge of religion to learner of religion.

2. It gives knowledge of romance to learner of romance.

3. It gives courage to weak.

4. It gives motivation to braves.

5. It gives knowledge to uneducated & educated too.

6. It teaches how to protect others interests.These touches stones are

effective for Raghuvansham

5.8 Recommendations:

5.8.1 Recommendations for guardians:

a. Guardians should give lessons of social attitude to their child.

b. Guardians should put up ideals before their child.

c. Guardians should motivate their child to learn.

d. Guardians should tell stories of Raghuvansham to their child.

5.8.2 Recommendations for teachers:

a. Teacher should know every student’s characteristics, abilities, attitudes.

b. Teacher should arrange various co curricular activities to teach values

reflected in Raghuvansham.

c. Teacher should describe thoughts told in Raghuvansham.

d. Thoughts told in Raghuvansham may be written on wall of the

classrooms.



5.8.3 Recommendations for board of curriculum-development:

a. Values reflected in Raghuvansham should be included in curriculum.

b. For mental & social development of the student, subject of Ancient

social values should be included in curriculum.

c. In each & every school Sanskrit Subhashitas should be pronounced in

beginning.

d. In the syllabus of teacher-training-program, values reflected in

Raghuvansham may be included.

5.9 Topics for further research:

1. Values in Vedas : A Critical Study

2. Personal values in saint-literature: A Critical Study

3. Values in Geetai : A Critical Study

4. Values in Shankaracharya’s philosophy: A Critical Study

5. Morel Values in Shivrajyodayam: A Critical Study

6. Educational interpretation of Kalidasa’s thoughts.

*****



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Documents

Values in Raghuvansham 1 - Book Review :: Golden Research